Книги з теми "Contributions in morality"
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1
Kiranga, David N. Aristotle's rhetoric and public morality. Romae: Pontificia Università della Santa Croce, 2003.
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2
Whelan, Frederick G. Edmund Burke and India: Political morality and empire. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996.
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3
Balfour, James. A delineation of the nature and obligation of morality: With reflexions upon Mr. Hume's book, intitled, An inquiry concerning the principles of morals. Bristol: Thoemmes, 1989.
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4
Balfour, James. A delineation of the nature and obligation of morality: With reflections upon Mr Hume's book intitled An inquiry concerning the principles of morals : 1753. London: Routledge/Thoemmes, 1998.
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5
Paul, Guyer. Kant and the experience of freedom: Essays on aesthetics and morality. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
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6
Foundation, Islamic, ed. Perspectives on morality and human well-being: A contribution to Islamic economics. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 2003.
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7
A Delineation of the Nature and Obligation of Morality. Thoemmes Continuum, 1990.
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8
Morality and self-interest in Protagoras, Antiphon, and Democritus. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985.
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9
Schopenhauer, religion, and morality: The humble path to ethics. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2003.
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10
Guyer, Paul. Kant and the Experience of Freedom: Essays on Aesthetics and Morality. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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11
Kant and the Experience of Freedom: Essays on Aesthetics and Morality. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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12
Harloe, Katherine. Sympathy, Tragedy, and the Morality of Sentiment in Lessing’s Laocoon. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802228.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Katherine Harloe surveys Laocoon’s important contributions to the wider field of eighteenth-century aesthetic criticism. The particular focus of Harloe’s chapter concerns Lessing’s thinking about sympathy, above all in the context of ancient tragic drama. Anticipating numerous aspects of Lessing’s later Hamburgische Dramaturgie, his Laocoon forges a theory of drama against the backdrop of both Aristotelian philosophy and ancient dramatic paradigms. Harloe hones in on the fourth chapter of Laocoon, where Lessing has recourse to Sophocles’ Philoctetes in order to engage with Adam Smith’s arguments about the moral force of sympathy.
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Edmund Burke and India: Political Morality and Empire (Pitt Series in Policy and Institutional Studies). University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.
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14
Grimm, Herwig, and Stephan Schleissing, eds. Moral und Schuld. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845296890.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Is morality without guilt conceivable? In public, morality regularly tends towards moralization. Guilt is used here as a weapon to denigrate the other. But such a moralization usually aims at the person and not at his actions. Wouldn't it be better to banish the issue of guilt from moral discourses? This volume explores the question of which narratives of dept are valid in pluralistic societies. How are such narratives internalized and practiced? And what is the role of ethics when it distinguishes between morality and guilt? The discussion is led by the hypothesis that ethical debates rely on places and strategies of exculpation where dept reduction is possible, if morality aims not only at good conscience, but also at good action. With contributions by Markus Buntfuß, Martin Dürnberger, Herwig Grimm, Maria-Sibylla Lotter, Laura Münkler, Robert Pfaller, Stefan Rieger, Stephan Schleissing and Gary Steiner
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Bykvist, Krister. Agent-Relative and Agent-Neutral Reasons. Edited by Daniel Star. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199657889.013.36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The distinction between agent-relative and agent-neutral reasons, at least in its explicit form, is a fairly recent contribution to normative ethics. That the distinction is both well-defined and significant is often taken for granted in contemporary normative ethics. For example, it is supposed to help us characterize many aspects of common-sense morality, such as personal duties, and deontological restrictions or constraints. The main question of this chapter is whether there is a well-defined distinction between agent-relative and agent-neutral reasons that has this high level of significance. Is the distinction really “an extremely important one,” as Nagel said, or perhaps even one of “the greatest contributions of recent ethics,” as Tom Hurka suggests? A variety of accounts of this distinction is discussed and it is argued that none live up to this hype, at least if the distinction is supposed not to beg other important questions in normative ethics.
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Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. Perspectives on Morality and Human Well-Being: A Contribution to Islamic Economics. Kube Publishing Limited, 2016.
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17
Stroud, Barry. Ways of Meaning and Knowing Moral Realities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809753.003.0018.
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This chapter examines some of the important and distinctive features of Mark Platts’ views on morality and on the kind of knowledge and understanding human beings have of it. In his Ways of Meaning, Platts sought ‘to present and discuss…the most important recent contributions to the philosophy of language’. The most important recent contributions to that subject through the 1970s were Donald Davidson’s elaborations of the idea of a theory of meaning for a particular language. This chapter considers Platts’ defence of the theory that he calls a form of ‘realism’, It considers specifically his ‘realist’ or ‘objectivist’ account of evaluative thought that stresses its direct connection with the non-‘epistemic’ conception of meaning and understanding from which it is derived.
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Albers, Gregor; Harst, ed. Wortgebunden. Klostermann, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783465145387.
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To commit oneself by way of giving one´s word is a basic condition of social life. Promise is at work in morality, in law, but also in love. It therefore provides a view of the relationship between these different forms of social commitment. Because a promise can never guarantee its own effect, but must always suppose it, it raises the question of how binding through self-commitment can succeed in all its various fields of application. The contributions making up this volume examine this question at the interface of law and literature.
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Hill, Mark J. Actors and Spectators: Rousseau’s Contribution to the Eighteenth-century Debate on Self-interest. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422857.003.0005.
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A debate between virtuous self-interest and social morality emerged in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The historical narrative of these ideas has been touched on by others – such as Albert O. Hirschman, Pierre Force, and Eric MacGilvray – with nuance and detail, but broadly one can recognize two camps: those who saw public utility in self-interest through the positive externalities of commerce, and those who had serious concerns over the political outcomes of the entanglement of commerce and virtue. This chapter follows these studies and attempts to locate Rousseau (primarily) and Smith (secondarily) within this debate. By looking at how their particular moral philosophies interact with their political thought it is argued that Rousseau is distinct from Smith in an important, but often confused, way: while some have argued that Rousseau is a moralist and Smith a philosopher of the political and social value of self-interest, it will be argued here that the opposite may be true. That is, despite Rousseau's “general will” and Smith's “impartial spectator” having been identified as similar moral tools used to overcome the negative aspects of self-interest through externalized self-reflection, it is argued that Rousseau is a moral rationalist who is skeptical of reason as a moral motivator, and thus dismisses the general will as a tool which can encourage personal moral action, while Smith is a moral realist, but a particularly soft one in regard to the motivational force of morality, and instead turns to rationality – through the impartial spectator – as a source of moral action. The upshot of this distinction being, Rousseau does not deny the power of commerce and self-interest as motivational forces, simply their social utility; social institutions like English coffeehouses – centres of politeness and doux commerce – should exist, and self-interest should motivate, but both need to be cleansed of the vice of commerce. That is, this chapter argues that Smith is moral realist who relies on reason – specifically that one must be a spectator who can impartially and rationally reflect on situations in order to will moral ends – and Rousseau is a moral rationalist who relies on sentiment – one must have an interest in situations if they are to be a moral actor.
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Farrell, Justin. Bringing Moral Culture into the Fray. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164342.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter briefly presents the conflict in Yellowstone, elaborates on the book's theoretical argument, and specifies its substantive and theoretical contributions to the social scientific study of environment, culture, religion, and morality. The chapter argues that the environmental conflict in Yellowstone is not—as it would appear on the surface—ultimately all about scientific, economic, legal, or other technical evidence and arguments, but an underlying struggle over deeply held “faith” commitments, feelings, and desires that define what people find sacred, good, and meaningful in life at a most basic level. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
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Russell, Paul, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Hume. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.001.0001.
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David Hume (1711–1776) is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential of the English-speaking philosophers. The range of his contributions is considerable: covering issues of metaphysics and epistemology, mind and emotion, morality and politics, history, economics, and religion. Although there is little debate about the importance and significance of Hume’s philosophical contributions, there is, nevertheless, considerable debate about the interpretation of his overall philosophical achievement as well as his particular aims and intentions with respect to the specific topics he addresses. Beyond this, there is also considerable disagreement about the critical assessment or plausibility of the various arguments and positions that Hume advances. This collection aims to provide a comprehensive set of analyses and assessments of the key components and aspects of Hume’s philosophical work. The contributions are drawn from among the leading figures of contemporary philosophy and Hume scholarship with a view to providing readers not only with an understanding of the core themes and features of Hume’s philosophy but also with a clear view of the central debates concerning the interpretation and assessment of Hume’s philosophy at the present time. This volume constitutes the most substantial and ambitious collection devoted exclusively to Hume’s philosophy.
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Auji, Hala, Raphael Cormack, and Alaaeldin Mahmoud, eds. The Arab Nahda as Popular Entertainment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755647439.
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What was popular entertainment like for everyday Arab societies in Middle Eastern cities during the long nineteenth century? In what ways did café culture, theatre, illustrated periodicals, cinema, cabarets, and festivals serve as key forms of popular entertainment for Arabic-speaking audiences, many of whom were uneducated and striving to contend with modernity’s anxiety-inducing realities? Studies on the 19th to mid-20th century’s transformative cultural movement known as the Arab nahda (renaissance), have largely focussed on concerns with nationalism, secularism, and language, often told from the perspective of privileged groups. Highlighting overlooked aspects of this movement, this book shifts the focus away from elite circles to quotidian audiences. Its ten contributions range in scope, from music and visual media to theatre and popular fiction. Paying special attention to networks of movement and exchange across Arab societies in Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and Morocco, this book heeds the call for ‘translocal/transnational’ cultural histories, while contributing to timely global studies on gender, sexuality, and morality. Focusing on the often-marginalized frequenters of cafés, artist studios, cinemas, nightclubs, and the streets, it expands the remit of who participated in the nahda and how they did.
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Hofreiter, Christian. Divine Command Theory Readings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810902.003.0005.
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This chapter presents what is arguably the most influential and widespread Christian approach to herem texts: the appeal to divine command theory to account for their counterintuitive morality. The structure of the argument is simple and straightforward: since God only commands what is good, and since God commanded the annihilation of the Canaanites, the latter must be good, our moral intuitions to the contrary notwithstanding. The main proponents of this approach whose work is discussed here are Augustine of Hippo, Thomas Aquinas, and John Calvin. In addition to a detailed treatment of these authors’ relevant contributions, examples from John Chrysostom and Theodoret of Cyr show that this approach was not limited to Latin, western Christianity.
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Ish-Shalom, Piki, Markus Kornprobst, and Vincent Pouliot, eds. Theorizing World Orders. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009058193.
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We need new analytical tools to understand the turbulent times in which we live, and identify the directions in which international politics will evolve. This volume discusses how engaging with Emanuel Adler's social theory of cognitive evolution could potentially achieve these objectives. Eminent scholars of International Relations explore various aspects of Adler's theory, evaluating its potential contributions to the study of world orders and IR theory more generally. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of the social theory of cognitive evolution, such as power, morality, materiality, narratives, and practices, and identifies new theoretical vistas that help break new ground in International Relations. In the concluding chapter, Adler responds, engaging in a rich dialogue with the contributors. This volume will appeal to scholars and advanced students of International Relations theory, especially evolutionary and constructivist approaches.
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Dukes, Daniel, Andrea C. Samson, and Eric A. Walle, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Emotional Development. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198855903.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This volume concerns emotional development and includes contributions from leading experts in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, sociology, primatology, philosophy, history, cognitive science, computer science, and education. This is the first volume of its kind to include such a multidisciplinary group of experts to consider emotional development, and, as such, provides perhaps the most complete examination yet of how emotions develop and manifest themselves neuronally, intra- and interpersonally, across different cultures and species, and over time. The volume is separated into five sections: macro and micro underpinnings, communication and understanding, interactive contexts, socialization and learning, and morality and prosocial behavior. Each section includes contributions from researchers in at least three disciplines, resulting in a volume that is destined to provoke the interested reader into either purposively and accidentally discovering emotional development from novel and stimulating perspectives. The chapters are written to be concise in their overview and accessible to the researcher or intellectually curious person alike. Thus, the reader can enjoy state-of-the-art critical analysis of emotional development from different standpoints, which, whether dipped into casually or read as a whole, will provide the best view of not only what we know today about emotional development, but also where the future study of emotional development lies.
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Endres, Kirsten W., and Ann Marie Leshkowich, eds. Traders in Motion. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501719820.001.0001.
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Markets and traders in Vietnam are on the move, literally and figuratively. The chapters in this volume offer rich ethnographic exploration of daily interactions among small-scale traders, suppliers, customers, family members, neighbors, and officials within contemporary Vietnam and across its borders. These quotidian encounters occur within contested spaces, through expanding and contracting circuits of mobility, and across physical and conceptual boundaries that are fixed, yet porous. As they ply their wares and negotiate state regulations, traders shape notions of self and personhood, not just as economic actors, but also in terms of gender, region, morality, and ethnicity. Taken together, the diverse contributions to this collection demonstrate that markets form and transform through uneven interplay among global processes, state regulatory regimes, individual identities, and local trajectories of economic and social development. Rather than impede market function, these trading frictions shape the necessary ground on which new forms of political economy emerge.
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Walls, Jerry L., and Trent Dougherty. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842215.003.0001.
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Alvin Plantinga is one of the seminal philosophers of religion of the latter half of the twentieth century. One of his most distinctive and important contributions to the philosophy of religion is his carefully articulated defense of the claim that belief in God can be properly basic. Despite his contention that arguments are not needed for rational belief in God, he has made the case that there are still lots of good ones available. This introduction outlines the development of Plantinga’s arguments, including their introduction at a 1986 conference. The arguments are compared and contrasted with Richard Swinburne’s more traditional (yet still innovative) approach to the topic. Plantinga’s two dozen arguments cover a wide range of approaches, including metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, morality, rationality, and others. In the spirit of Plantinga’s parenthetical “(or so),” the chapter introduces a handful of additional arguments not among his original two dozen.
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Mueller, Pam, and Janice Nadler. Social Psychology and the Law. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research in psychological science, specifically social psychology, has challenged many of the law's assumptions about human behaviour. Traditionally, these challenges have focused on a fairly narrow range of legal processes involving courtroom evidence and decision making. Thus, social psychologists have examined problems and processes such as pre-trial publicity, interrogations and confessions, juror and jury decision making, and the like. In the related field of cognitive psychology, important contributions from research in memory regarding eyewitness testimony and eyewitness identification have led to greater scrutiny and occasionally expert testimony at trials. This article discusses findings from some of the traditional intersections of law and social psychology, many of which focus on courtroom processes and procedures. It also explores the ways in which more recent findings in social psychology inform debates about legal issues such as punishment, discrimination, morality, mens rea, and remorse, as well of out-of-court processes such as negotiation and dispute resolution.
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Bazargan, Saba. Noncombatant Immunity and War-Profiteering. Edited by Seth Lazar and Helen Frowe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199943418.013.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The principle of noncombatant immunity prohibits warring parties from intentionally targeting noncombatants. I explicate the moral version of this view and its criticisms by reductive individualists; they argue that certain civilians on the unjust side are morally liable to be lethally targeted to forestall substantial contributions to that war. I then argue that reductivists are mistaken in thinking that causally contributing to an unjust war is a necessary condition for moral liability. Certain noncontributing civilians—notably, war-profiteers—can be morally liable to be lethally targeted. Thus, the principle of noncombatant immunity is mistaken as a moral (though not necessarily as a legal) doctrine, not just because some civilians contribute substantially, but because some unjustly enriched civilians culpably fail to discharge their restitutionary duties to those whose victimization made the unjust enrichment possible. Consequently, the moral criterion for lethal liability in war is even broader than reductive individualists have argued.
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Kail, Peter J. E. Hume and Nietzsche. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In his contribution, the author discusses the deep and surprising similarities between the philosophies of David Hume and Friedrich Nietzsche. The author argues that these stem from their shared conception of naturalism. Their naturalism is primarily an explanatory one and primarily aimed at explaining human thought and practice. In Nietzsche, this form of naturalism is expressed in his adoption of a genealogical approach to various topics, most famously that of morality. The author shows that Hume’s naturalism is similarly genealogical. The author also argues that their conceptions of morality and the self are closer than popular images of the two philosophers might have it.
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Hansen, Hendrik, and Tim Kraski Lic., eds. Politischer und wirtschaftlicher Liberalismus. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845239286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The metaphor of the ‘invisible hand’ not only characterises Smith’s understanding of competitive processes in free markets but also his theory of political liberalism. Smithʼs theory of economic and political liberalism is based on the assumption of autonomous processes in the development of morality, laws and the social order. These processes lead to a natural harmony of individual interests in politics and economics. However, Smith does not associate these ideas with the demand for a minimal state. Instead, he assigns the state a much more active role than is generally assumed. The analyses in this book of Smith’s reception by authors in the 19th century (in the US and Germany) and of his relevance for current analyses of political challenges show that the question of which conditions need to be fulfilled to ensure the stability of liberal societies is still a crucial one in political philosophy and science. With contributions by Michael Aßländer, Christel Fricke, Hendrik Hansen, Michael Hochgeschwender, Tobias Knobloch, Tim Kraski, Heinz D. Kurz, Birger Priddat, Bastian Ronge, Rolf Steltemeier, Richard Sturn
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Finkelstein, David. Movable Types. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826026.001.0001.
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This is an interdisciplinary study of the typographical web that underpinned and enabled skilled print trade networks across the anglophone world in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is a cultural history, the first study of its kind on international Victorian print networks. Morality, mobility, mobilization, and solidarity were central to how compositors and print trade workers defined themselves during this period. These themes are addressed in case studies on roving printers, striking printers, and creative printers, drawing on a range of unique primary and secondary sources covering Australia, Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa, the United States, and Wales. The case studies explore the cultural values and trade skills transmitted and embedded by such creative compositors, the global print trade union networks that enabled print workers to travel across continents in search of work and experience, the trade actions reliant on mobilization and information sharing across the printing world, and the Victorian working-class literary culture that compositors and printers shared through such means as memoirs, poetry, prose, and trade news contributions to trade journals and other public outlets.
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Zehnpfennig, Barbara, ed. Die Sophisten. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845254975.
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The sophists, so to speak, spearheaded enlightenment in Ancient Greece. By turning to subjectivism, they dethroned traditional, mostly religiously based morality; through their teaching, which included not least rhetoric and other techniques of self-assertion, they changed the political climate. This volume deals with the fascinating phenomenon of sophism by reconstructing the political thinking of sophists from the few existing fragments of Plato’s writings and his dialogues. This shows the range of their positions: The sophists advocated the idea of ‘social contracts’ as well as the right of the strongest. A comparative look at modernity and postmodernity shows just how relevant they are. Nietzsche, Foucault, Butler and even game theory fall back on patterns of thought that we find among ancient sophists. The authors of this volume, who are philosophers and political scientists, unfold the kaleidoscope of sophistic thought in both their time and ours. With contributions by Viktoria Bachmann, Thomas Buchheim, Bettina Fröhlich, Benjamin Hahn, Hendrik Hansen, Raul Heimann, Johannes Hoerlin, Vanessa Jansche, Christina Kast, Peter Kainz und Barbara Zehnpfennig.
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Miller, Christian B., ed. The Bloomsbury Handbook of Ethics. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350217911.
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Updated and expanded to represent the fundamental questions at the heart of philosophical ethics today, the 2nd edition of The Bloomsbury Handbook of Ethics covers the key topics in metaethics and normative ethical theory. This edition includes 12 fully revised chapters, and 3 newly commissioned contributions from a range of esteemed academics who provide accessible introductions to their own areas of expertise. The first part of the book covers the field of metaethics, including subjects such as moral realism, moral psychology, experimental ethics, and evolutionary ethics, as well as two new chapters that respond to ethical debates within moral relativism and moral responsibility that enable students and scholars to better navigate this complicated ethical terrain. Moving onto normative ethical theory, the second part of the book ranges across morality and religion, consequentialism, and particularism, as well as Kantian, virtue, feminist ethics, and Confucian ethics. This comprehensive edition provides a one-stop resource for students of ethics, which includes updated introductory overviews of the field and methodological issues, as well as an appendix of additional resources, including technical terms in ethics.
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Herzog, Lisa. Moral Norms in Social Contexts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830405.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter sets out the normative foundations on which the book is based. It starts by defending the case for the ‘pervasiveness’ of morality: no social sphere is ‘beyond’ morality, even if there is some degree of institutional ‘division of labour’. Next, it states and explains the moral norms this study is based on: the norm to respect all individuals as moral equals, and norms about the avoidance of individual harm, and about avoiding contributing to collective harm. These norms lie within an ‘overlapping consensus’ of different moral theories and worldviews. In pluralist societies, we should focus on such a consensus—even if it may sometimes be hard to delineate—when reflecting on the moral dimensions of organizations.
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Maskivker, Julia. The Duty to Vote. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190066062.001.0001.
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This book breaks new ground by arguing that we have a moral duty to vote that is based on a Samaritan obligation to aid fellow citizens improve their lot in society. The argument adds a fresh perspective to the voting ethics literature, which is dominated by views that reject the morality and rationality of voting. Maskivker shows that voting is not irrational if we view it as a valuable contribution to a collectively rational activity. This reasoning means that the duty to vote is a duty of common pursuit to help society achieve good governance. Furthermore, voting is not morally optional just because other ways of helping society exist since its connection with the establishment of government is unique, which makes voting morally obligatory under the right circumstances. The book touches on the problem of voter incompetence and offers a balanced view of why citizen ignorance is not unalterable: we know that much of it is due to structural factors in the political architecture of our societies, which can be reformed. Although voting without information may lead to bad governance, Maskivker’s basic insight is that voting judiciously can be an effective path to justice, and it is not a burdensome task to ask from citizens. The book elaborates on the notion of a careful vote as well as the idea that we can value voting and elections not only for what they symbolize (i.e., equality of political voice) but also for what they can bring about (i.e., good governance).
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White, Stephen. The Unity of the Self. The MIT Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7002.001.0001.
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In these essays Stephen White examines the forms of psychological integration that give rise to self-knowable and self-conscious individuals who are responsible, concerned for the future, and capable of moral commitment. The essays cover a wide range of basic issues in philosophy of mind, metaphysics, moral psychology, and political philosophy, providing a coherent, sophisticated, and forcefully argued view of the nature of the self. Beginning with mental content and ending with Rawls and utilitarianism, each essay argues a distinctive line. Together they are a unified and powerful philosophical position of considerable scope, one that provides a unique vision of the mind, consciousness, personhood, and morality. White argues that the unity of the self revealed in personal identity and moral responsibility is best understood in normative terms. Basic to such features of the self are the patterns of self-concern in which they are characteristically displayed and the internal justification that supports such concern. The treatment of intentionality and consciousness that grounds this account emphasizes privileged selfknowledge and practical rationality and their corresponding contributions to the unity of the self. A final source of unity emerges from the analysis of our fundamental commitments, an analysis that ensures a central place in moral theory for the notion of the self. Bradford Books imprint
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Anatol, Giselle Liza. Reading Harry Potter. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216005377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
J. K. Rowling achieved astounding commercial success with her series of novels about Harry Potter, the boy-wizard who finds out about his magical powers on the morning of his eleventh birthday. The books' incredible popularity, and the subsequent likelihood that they are among this generation's most formative narratives, call for critical exploration and study to interpret the works' inherent tropes and themes. The essays in this collection assume that Rowling's works should not be relegated to the categories of pulp fiction or children's trends, which would deny their certain influence on the intellectual, emotional, and psychosocial development of today's children. The variety of contributions allows for a range of approaches and interpretive methods in exploring the novels, and reveals the deeper meanings and attitudes towards justice, education, race, foreign cultures, socioeconomic class, and gender. Following an introductory discussion of the Harry Potter phenomenon are essays considering the psychological and social-developmental experiences of children as mirrored in Rowling's novels. Next, the works' literary and historical contexts are examined, including the European fairy tale tradition, the British abolitionist movement, and the public-school story genre. A third section focuses on the social values underlying the Potter series and on issues such as morality, the rule of law, and constructions of bravery.
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Anderson, Amanda. Psyche and Ethos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755821.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contemporary culture is saturated with psychological concepts and ideas, from anxiety to narcissism to trauma. While it might seem that concern over psychological conditions is intrinsically oriented toward moral questions about what promotes individual and collective well-being, from the advent of Freudian psychoanalysis in the late nineteenth century up to recent findings in cognitive science, psychology has posed a continuing challenge to traditional concepts of moral deliberation, judgment, and action, all core components of moral philosophy and central to understandings of character and tragedy in literature. Using a range of examples from literature and literary criticism alongside discussions of psychological literature extending from psychoanalysis to recent cognitive science and social psychology, this book explores the nature of psychology’s several challenges to morality and ultimately argues for a renewed look at the persistence of moral orientations toward life and the values of integrity, fidelity, and repair that they privilege. Writings by Shakespeare, Henry James, and George Eliot, and the contributions of British object relations theorists in the post-war period, help to draw out the fundamental ways we experience moral time, the forms of elusive duration that constitute loss, grief, regret, and the desire for amends. While acknowledging the power and necessity of psychological frameworks, Psyche and Ethos aims to restore moral understanding and moral experience to a more central place in our understanding of psychic life and the literary tradition.
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O’Leary, Timothy. Foucault and the Art of Ethics. Continuum, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781399411196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Timothy O'Leary's Foucault: The Art Of Ethics is an excellent, critical exploration of the contribution which Foucault's philosophy makes to contemporary discussion of morality. He appreciates Foucault's effort to return philosophy to being a way of life: It is an aesthetics of existence which is not a passive celebration of beauty but rather a rigorous ethical practice of more liberating ways of relating to one's self. O'Leary shows that Foucault is a significant thinker because, unlike so many other contemporary philosophers, he asked the most important of questions: How are we to live?" James Bernauer, Boston College
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Rangan, Subramanian, ed. Capitalism Beyond Mutuality? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825067.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our quest for prosperity has produced great output but not always great outcomes. The list of concerns is growing and familiar. Fundamentally, when it comes to well-being, fairness, and the scope of our humanity, the modern economic system still leaves much to be desired. In turn, trust in business and the liberal market system (aka “capitalism”) has been declining and regulation has been rising. A variety of forces—civic, economic, and intellectual—have been probing for better alternatives. The contributions in this volume, coauthored by eminent philosophers, social scientists, and a handful of thoughtful business leaders, are submitted in this spirit. The thrust of the work is conveyed in the volume’s titular question: Capitalism Beyond Mutuality? Mutuality, or the exchange of benefits, has been established as the prime principle of interaction in addressing the chronic dilemma of human interdependence. Mutuality is a fundament in the social contract approach and it serves us well. Yet, to address the concerns outlined here, we must help evolve an economic paradigm where mutuality is more systematically complemented by reasoned and elective morality. Otherwise the state will remain the sole (if inadequate) protector and buffer between market and society. Hence, rather than just regulate power we must also educate power. Philosophy has a natural role, especially when education is the preferred vehicle of transformation. Accordingly, the essays in this volume integrate philosophy and social science to outline and explore concrete approaches to these important concerns emanating from business practice and theory.
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Wall, Steve. Planning, Freedom, and the Rule of Law. Edited by David Schmidtz and Carmen E. Pavel. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199989423.013.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rule of law is widely considered to be an important element of a well-ordered society. It is an ideal of political morality that is realized to a greater or lesser extent in different legal systems. However, the rule of law is not a basic or fundamental ideal. Its normative significance is explained by its contribution to other, more fundamental, values. This chapter discusses the content of the rule of law (the institutional mechanisms and informal norms that comprise it) and the contribution that it makes to individual or personal freedom. The chapter presents an account of political freedom that relates freedom to the ability of persons to plan their lives. This planning account of freedom is just one component of a full theory of political freedom, but it is the component that best accounts for why the rule of law contributes to personal freedom.
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Brewitt-Taylor, Sam. Christian Radicalism in the Church of England and the Invention of the British Sixties, 1957-1970. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827009.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Like all transformative revolutions, Britain’s Sixties was an episode of highly influential myth-making. This book delves behind the mythology of inexorable ‘secularization’ to recover, for the first time, the cultural origins of Britain’s moral revolution. In a radical departure from conventional teleologies, it argues that British secularity is a specific cultural invention of the late 1950s and early 1960s, which was introduced most influentially by radical utopian Christians during this most desperate episode of the Cold War. In the 1950s, Britain’s predominantly Christian moral culture had marginalized ‘secular’ moral arguments by arguing that they created societies like the Soviet Union; but the rapid acceptance of ‘secularization’ teleologies in the early 1960s abruptly normalized ‘secular’ attitudes and behaviours, thus prompting the slow social revolution that unfolded during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. By tracing the evolving thought of radical Anglicans—uniquely positioned in the late 1950s and early 1960s as simultaneously moral radicals and authoritative moral insiders—this book reveals crucial and unexpected intellectual links between radical Christianity and the wider invention of Britain’s new secular morality, in areas as diverse as globalism, anti-authoritarianism, sexual liberation, and revolutionary egalitarianism. From the mid-1960s, British secularity began to be developed by a much wider range of groups, and radical Anglicans faded into the cultural background. Yet by disseminating the deeply ideological metanarrative of ‘secularization’ in the early 1960s, and by influentially discussing its implications, they had made crucial contributions to the nature and existence of Britain’s secular revolution.
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Harle, Vilho. Ideas of Social Order in the Ancient World. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187912.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Harle focuses on the perennial issue of social order by providing a comparative analysis of ideas on social order in the classical Chinese political philosophy, the Indian epic and political literature, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, the classical Greek and Roman political thought, and early Christianity. His analysis is based on the religious, political, and literary texts that represent their respective civilizations as both their major achievements and sources of shared values. Harle maintains that two major approaches to establishing and maintaining social order exist in all levels and types of social relations: moral principles and political power. According to the principle-oriented approaches, social order will prevail if and when people follow strict moral principles. According to the contending power-oriented approach, orderly relations can only be based on the application of power by the ruler over the ruled. The principle-oriented approaches introduce a comprehensive civil society of individuals; the power-oriented approaches give major roles to the city-state, its government and relationships between them. The question of morality can be recognized also within the power-oriented approaches which either submit politics to morality or maintain that politics must be taken as nothing else than politics. This book is a contribution to peace and international studies as well as political theory and international relations.
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Baier, Annette. Reflexivity and Sentiment in Hume’s Philosophy. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This contribution is concerned with what Hume means by reflection and sentiment. Hume’s Treatise is devoted to an account of the extent to which the mind is able to bear its own reflexion or turn mental states on themselves. This theme is likely the “new scene of thought” that inspired Hume’s major concerns in the Treatise. Although Hume found that the understanding fails to understand itself, the passions do better in satisfying curiosity about curiosity, and, most importantly, moral sentiment is able to approve of itself. The author contends that the whole task of the moral sentiment is to get us to fulfill our part to mankind and society, and that, according to Hume, the sentiments are the noble source of morality itself.
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Vince, Ronald W. A Companion to the Medieval Theatre. Greenwood Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216183846.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vince has provided a useful and, for the most part, usable reference work. His introduction should be required reading for anyone approaching medieval theater. Choice Scholars increasingly see medieval theatre as a complex and vital performance medium related more closely to political, religious, and social life than to literature as we know it. Reflecting the current interest in performance, A Companion to the Medieval Theatre presents 250 alphabetically arranged entries offering a panoramic view of European and British theatrical productions between the years 900 and 1550. The volume features 30 essays contributed by an international group of specialists and includes many shorter entries as well as systematic cross-referencing, a chronology, a bibliography, and a full complement of indexes. Major entries focus on the theatres of the principal linguistic areas (the British Isles, France, Germany, Iberia, Italy, Scandinavia, the Low Countries, and Eastern Europe), and on dramatic forms and genres such as liturgical drama, Passion and saint plays, morality plays, folk drama, and Humanist drama. Other articles examine costume, acting, pageantry, and music, and explore the theatrical dimension of courtly entertainment, the dance, and the tournament. Short entries supply information on over one hundred playwrights, directors, actors and antiquarians whose contributions to the theatre have been documented. This informative guide brings new depth to our appreciation of the richness and color of medieval public entertainments and the symbolism and pageantry that were a part of daily life in the Middle Ages. Designed to appeal to general reader, this volume is also an attractive choice for libraries serving students and scholars of theatre history, English and European literatures, medieval history, cultural history, drama, and performance.
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Peterson, Michael L. C. S. Lewis and the Christian Worldview. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190201111.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
C. S. Lewis is one of the most influential and beloved Christian writers of the past century, and interest in him grows as books about his fantasy, fiction, and biography continue to appear. Although Lewis’s personal journey was a deeply philosophical search for the most adequate worldview, the few extant books about his Christian philosophy focus on specific topics rather than his worldview as a whole. In this book, Michael Peterson develops a comprehensive, coherent framework for understanding Lewis’s Christian worldview—from his arguments from reason, morality, and desire to his ideas about Incarnation, Trinity, and Atonement. All worldviews address fundamental questions about reality, knowledge, human nature, morality, and meaning. Peterson therefore examines Lewis’s Christian approach to these same questions in interaction with other worldviews. Accenting that the intellectual strength and existential relevance of Lewis’s works rest on his philosophical acumen as well as his Christian orthodoxy—which he famously called “mere Christianity”—Peterson skillfully shows how Lewis’s Christian thought engages a variety of important issues raised by believers and nonbelievers alike, including: the problem of evil and suffering, the problem of religious diversity, the problem of meaning, the relation of prayer and providence, the relation of science and religion, and the nature of humanity. Just as Lewis was gifted in communicating philosophical ideas and arguments in an accessible style, Peterson has artfully crafted a major contribution to Lewis scholarship which will interest specialists and benefit the general reader.
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Wareham, C. S., ed. The Cambridge Handbook of the Ethics of Ageing. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108861168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We're all getting older from the moment we're born. Ageing is a fundamental and ubiquitous aspect of life. Yet in ethics, not much work is done on the questions surrounding ageing: how do diachronic features of ageing and the lifespan contribute to the overall value of life? How do time, change, and mortality impact on questions of morality and the good life? And how ought societies to respond to issues of social justice and the good, balancing the interests of generations and age cohorts? In this Cambridge Handbook, the first book-length attempt to stake this terrain, leading moral philosophers from a range of sub-fields and regions set out their approaches to the conceptual and ethical understanding of ageing. The volume makes an important contribution to significant debates about the implications of ageing for individual well-being, social policy and social justice.
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Lapsley, Daniel, and Sam A. Hardy. Identity Formation and Moral Development in Emerging Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We argue in this chapter that moral development and identity formation are not disjunctive topics, and that morality and identity ramify in the personal formation of emerging adults in ways that have dispositional implications for how the rest of their lives go. Moral self-identity is crucial to living a life of purpose and for setting one’s life projects on a pathway that contributes to well-being, generativity, and integrity. We first review research on the role of moral purpose in personality development and the conditions that encourage it. We then review the major ways that self-identity has been conceptualized in terms of statuses, processes, and narratives, with particular emphasis on the achievement of identity maturity and its contribution to successful adaptation. We then discuss moral self-identity more directly and outline gaps in the literature and possible lines of future research.
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Rosario, Vanessa Pérez. Nadie es profeta en su tierra. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038969.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines Burgos's migratory routes from Puerto Rico to Havana and New York by looking at her second and third poetry collections—Canción de la verdad sencilla (Song of the Simple Truth, 1939) and El mar y tú (The Sea and You, 1954)—as well as her little-studied letters to her sister. The poetry collections and letters reveal her conflicted relationship to Puerto Rico. Despite her patriotism, home and nation became limiting, restrictive, and repressive spaces. As such, Burgos attempted to create a home and a life for herself beyond the boundaries of the nation. The chapter then discusses and extends the term sexile, usually used to describe queer migration, to heterosexual women whose sexuality appears excessive in Caribbean morality, contributing to their departure from the island.