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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Continuous random energy model"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 16 грудня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Continuous random energy model"

Addario-Berry, Louigi, and Pascal Maillard. "The algorithmic hardness threshold for continuous random energy models." Mathematical Statistics and Learning 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/msl/12.

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BOVIER, A. "Derrida's Generalized Random Energy models 2: models with continuous hierarchies." Annales de l?Institut Henri Poincare (B) Probability and Statistics 40, no. 4 (August 2004): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpb.2003.09.003.

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Ekanga, Trésor. "Multiparticle Localization at Low Energy for Multidimensional Continuous Anderson Models." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2020 (May 5, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5270541.

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We study the multiparticle Anderson model in the continuum and show that under some mild assumptions on the random external potential and the inter-particle interaction, for any finite number of particles, the multiparticle lower spectral edges are almost surely constant in absence of ergodicity. We stress that this result is not quite obvious and has to be handled carefully. In addition, we prove the spectral exponential and the strong dynamical localization of the continuous multiparticle Anderson model at low energy. The proof based on the multiparticle multiscale analysis bounds needs the values of the external random potential to be independent and identically distributed, whose common probability distribution is at least Log-Hölder continuous.

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Malyarenko, Anatoliy, and Martin Ostoja-Starzewski. "Fractal planetary rings: Energy inequalities and random field model." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 30 (December 4, 2017): 1750236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217502368.

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This study is motivated by a recent observation, based on photographs from the Cassini mission, that Saturn’s rings have a fractal structure in radial direction. Accordingly, two questions are considered: (1) What Newtonian mechanics argument in support of such a fractal structure of planetary rings is possible? (2) What kinematics model of such fractal rings can be formulated? Both challenges are based on taking planetary rings’ spatial structure as being statistically stationary in time and statistically isotropic in space, but statistically nonstationary in space. An answer to the first challenge is given through an energy analysis of circular rings having a self-generated, noninteger-dimensional mass distribution [V. E. Tarasov, Int. J. Mod Phys. B 19, 4103 (2005)]. The second issue is approached by taking the random field of angular velocity vector of a rotating particle of the ring as a random section of a special vector bundle. Using the theory of group representations, we prove that such a field is completely determined by a sequence of continuous positive-definite matrix-valued functions defined on the Cartesian square [Formula: see text] of the radial cross-section [Formula: see text] of the rings, where [Formula: see text] is a fat fractal.

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KÜLSKE, CHRISTOF. "THE CONTINUOUS SPIN RANDOM FIELD MODEL: FERROMAGNETIC ORDERING IN d≥3." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 11, no. 10 (November 1999): 1269–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x99000404.

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We investigate the Gibbs-measures of ferromagnetically coupled continuous spins in double-well potentials subjected to a random field (our specific example being the ϕ4 theory), showing ferromagnetic ordering in d≥3 dimensions for weak disorder and large energy barriers. We map the random continuous spin distributions to distributions for an Ising-spin system by means of a single-site coarse-graining method described by local transition kernels. We derive a contour-representation for them with notably positive contour activities and prove their Gibbsianness. This representation is shown to allow for application of the discrete-spin renormalization group developed by Bricmont/Kupiainen implying the result in d≥3.

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Ekanga, Trésor. "Localization in the multi-particle tight-binding Anderson model at low energy." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 32, no. 03 (September 20, 2019): 2050009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x20500099.

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We consider the multi-particle tight-binding Anderson model and prove that its lower spectral edge is non-random under some mild assumptions on the inter-particle interaction and the random external potential. We also adapt to the low energy regime the multi-particle multi-scale analysis initially developed by Chulaevsky and Suhov in the high disorder limit, if the marginal probability distribution of the i.i.d. random variables is log-Hölder continuous and we obtain the spectral exponential and strong dynamical localization near the bottom of the spectrum.

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ALEINOV, I. D., A. A. MIGDAL, and V. V. ZMUSHKO. "THE ISING MODEL ON THE DYNAMICAL TRIANGULATED RANDOM SURFACE." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 10 (April 20, 1990): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390000883.

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The critical properties of Ising model on the dynamical triangulated random surface embedded in D-dimensional Euclidean space are investigated. The strong coupling expansion method is used. The transition to thermodynamical limit is performed by means of continuous fractions.

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Huillet, Thierry. "Energy cascades as branching processes with emphasis on Neveu's approach to Derrida's random energy model." Advances in Applied Probability 35, no. 2 (June 2003): 477–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1051201657.

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Continuous-space-time branching processes (CSBP) are investigated in order to model random energy cascades. CSBPs are based on spectrally positive Lévy processes and, as such, are characterized by their corresponding Laplace exponents. Special emphasis is put on the CSBPs of Feller, Lamperti and Neveu and on their Poisson point process representations. The Neveu model (either supercritical or subcritical) is of particular interest in physics for its connection with the random energy model of Derrida, as revisited by Ruelle. Exploiting some connections between the partition functions of energy and the Poisson-Dirichlet distributions of Pitman and Yor, some information on the zero-temperature limit is extracted. Finally, for the subcritical versions of the three models, we compute the distribution of some of their interesting features: extinction time and probability, area under the profile (total energy) and width (maximal energy).

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Huillet, Thierry. "Energy cascades as branching processes with emphasis on Neveu's approach to Derrida's random energy model." Advances in Applied Probability 35, no. 02 (June 2003): 477–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800012349.

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Otunuga, Olusegun M., and Gangaram Ladde. "Two-Scale Network Dynamic Model for Energy Commodity Processes." Journal of Energy 2020 (April 20, 2020): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2075258.

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In this work, we examine the relationship between different energy commodity spot prices. To do this, multivariate stochastic models with and without external random interventions describing the price of energy commodities are developed. Random intervention process is described by a continuous jump process. The developed mathematical model is utilized to examine the relationship between energy commodity prices. The time-varying parameters in the stochastic model are estimated using the recently developed parameter identification technique called local lagged adapted generalized method of moment (LLGMM). The LLGMM method provides an iterative scheme for updating statistic coefficients in a system of generalized method of moment/observation equations. The usefulness of the LLGMM approach is illustrated by applying to energy commodity data sets for state and parameter estimation problems. Moreover, the forecasting and confidence interval problems are also investigated (U.S. Patent Pending for the LLGMM method described in this manuscript).

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Дисертації з теми "Continuous random energy model"

Ho, Fu-Hsuan. "Aspects algorithmiques du modèle continu à énergie aléatoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30184.

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Cette thèse explore les perspectives algorithmiques de la marche aléatoire branchante et du modèle continu d'énergie aléatoire (CREM). Nous nous intéressons notamment à la construction d'algorithmes en temps polynomial capables d'échan¬tillonner la mesure de Gibbs du modèle avec une grande probabilité, et à identifier le régime de dureté, qui consiste en toute température inverse bêta telle que de tels algorithmes en temps polynomial n'existent pas. Dans le Chapitre 1, nous fournissons un aperçu historique des modèles et moti¬vons les problèmes algorithmiques étudiés. Nous donnons également un aperçu des verres de spin à champ moyen qui motive la ligne de notre recherche. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous abordons le problème de l'échantillonnage de la mesure de Gibbs dans le contexte de la marche aléatoire branchante. Nous identifions une température inverse critique bêta_c, identique au point critique statique, où une tran¬sition de dureté se produit. Dans le régime sous-critique bêta < bêta_c, nous établissons qu'un algorithme d'échantillonnage récursif est capable d'échantillonner efficace¬ment la mesure de Gibbs. Dans le régime supercritique bêta > bêta_c, nous montrons que nous ne pouvons pas trouver d'algorithme en temps polynomial qui appartienne à une certaine classe d'algorithmes. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous portons notre attention sur le même problème d'échan¬tillonnage pour le modèle continu d'énergie aléatoire (CREM). Dans le cas où la fonction de covariance de ce modèle est concave, nous montrons que pour toute température inverse bêta < à l'infini, l'algorithme d'échantillonnage récursif considéré au Chapitre 2 est capable d'échantillonner efficacement la mesure de Gibbs. Pour le cas non concave, nous identifions un point critique bêta_G où une transition de dureté similaire à celle du Chapitre 2 se produit. Nous fournissons également une borne inférieure de l'énergie libre du CREM qui pourrait être d'un intérêt indépendant. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous étudions le moment négatif de la fonction de partition du CREM. Bien que cela ne soit pas directement lié au thème principal de la thèse, cela découle du cours de la recherche. Dans le Chapitre 5, nous donnons un aperçu de certaines orientations futures qui pourraient être intéressantes à étudier
This thesis explores the algorithmic perspectives of the branching random walk and the continuous random energy model (CREM). Namely, we are interested in constructing polynomial-time algorithms that can sample the model's Gibbs measure with high probability, and to indentify the hardness regime, which consists of any inverse temperature bêta such that such polynomial-time algorithms do not exist. In Chapter 1, we provide a historical overview of the models and motivate the algorithmic problems under investigation. We also provide an overview on the mean-field spin glasses that motivates the line of our research. In Chapter 2, we address the sampling problem of the Gibbs measure in the context of branching random walk. We identify a critical inverse temperature bêta_c, identical to the static critical point, that the a hardness transition occurs. In the subcritical regime bêta < bêta_c, we establish a recursive sampling algorithm is able to sample the Gibbs measure efficiently. In the supercritical regime bêta > bêta_c,we show that we cannot find polynomial-time algorithm that belongs to a certain class of algorithms. In Chapter 3, we turn our attention to the same sampling problem for the con¬tinuous random energy model (CREM). For the case where the covariance function of this model is concave, we show that for any inverse temperature bêta < to infinity, the recursive sampling algorithm considered in Chapter 2 is able to sample the Gibbs measure efficiently. For the non-concave case, we identify a critical point bêta_G that similar hardness transition as the one in Chapter 2 occurs. We also provide a lower bound of the CREM free energy that might be of independent interest. In Chapter 4, we study the negative moment of the CREM partition function. While this is not connected directly to the main theme of the thesis, it spins off during the course of research. In Chapter 5, we provide an outlook of some further directions that might be interesting to investigate

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Erturk, Huseyin. "Limit theorems for random exponential sums and their applications to insurance and the random energy model." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111893.

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In this dissertation, we are mainly concerned with the sum of random exponentials. Here, the random variables are independent and identically distributed. Another distinctive assumption is the number of variables in this sum is a function of the constant on the exponent. Our first goal is to find the limiting distributions of the random exponential sums for new class of the random variables. For some classes, such results are known; normal distribution, Weibull distribution etc.

Secondly, we apply these limit theorems to some insurance models and the random energy model in statistical physics. Specifically for the first case, we give the estimate of the ruin probability in terms of the empirical data. For the random energy model, we present the analysis of the free energy for new class of distribution. In some particular cases, we prove the existence of several critical points for the free energy. In some other cases, we prove the absence of phase transitions.

Our results give a new approach to compute the ruin probabilities of insurance portfolios empirically when there is a sequence of insurance portfolios with a custom growth rate of the claim amounts. The second application introduces a simple method to drive the free energy in the case the random variables in the statistical sum can be represented as a function of standard exponential random variables. The technical tool of this study includes the classical limit theory for the sum of independent and identically distributed random variables and different asymptotic methods like the Euler-Maclaurin formula and Laplace method.

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Wolff, Tilman [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] König. "Random Walk Local Times, Dirichlet Energy and Effective Conductivity in the Random Conductance Model / Tilman Wolff. Betreuer: Wolfgang König." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1064810357/34.

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Li, Hailong. "Analytical Model for Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367936881.

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Niblett, Samuel Peter. "Higher order structure in the energy landscapes of model glass formers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277582.

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The study of supercooled liquids and glasses remains one of the most divisive and divided fields in modern physics. Despite a vast amount of effort and research time invested in this topic, the answers to many central questions remain disputed and incomplete. However, the link between the behaviour of supercooled liquids and their energy landscapes is well established and widely accepted. Understanding this link would be a key step towards resolving many of the mysteries and controversies surrounding the glass transition. Therefore the study of glassy energy landscapes is an important area of research. In this thesis, I report some of the most detailed computational studies of glassy potential energy landscapes ever performed. Using geometry optimisation techniques, I have sampled the local minima and saddle points of the landscapes for several supercooled liquids to analyse their dynamics and thermodynamics. Some of my analysis follows previous work on the binary Lennard-Jones fluid (BLJ), a model atomic liquid. BLJ is a fragile glass former, meaning that its transport coefficients have super-Arrhenius temperature dependence, rather than the more usual Arrhenius behaviour exhibited by strong liquids. The difference in behaviour between these two classes of liquid has previously been attributed to differing degrees of structure in the relevant energy landscapes. I have studied models for both fragile and strong glass formers: the molecular liquid ortho-terphenyl (OTP) and viscous silica (SiO$_{2}$) respectively. My results for OTP agree closely with trends observed for BLJ, suggesting that the same diffusion mechanism is applicable to fragile molecular liquids as well as to atomic. However, the dynamics and energy landscape of OTP are made complicated by the molecular orientational degrees of freedom, making the analysis more challenging for this system. Dynamics of BLJ, OTP and silica are all dominated by cage-breaking events: structural rearrangements in which atoms change their nearest neighbours. I propose a robust and general method to identify cage breaks for small rigid molecules, and compare some properties of cage breaks between strong and fragile systems. The energy landscapes of BLJ and OTP both display hierarchical ordering of potential energy minima into metabasins. These metabasins can be detected by the cage-breaking method. It has previously been suggested that metabasins are responsible for super-Arrhenius behaviour, and are absent from the landscapes of strong liquids such as SiO2. My results indicate that metabasins are present on the silica landscape, but that they each contain fewer minima than metabasins in BLJ or OTP. Metabasins are associated with anticorrelated particle motion, mediated by reversed transitions between minima of the potential energy landscape. I show that accounting for time-correlation of particle displacement vectors is essential to describe super-Arrhenius behaviour in BLJ and OTP, but also required to reproduce strong behaviour in silica. I hypothesise that the difference between strong and fragile liquids arises from a longer correlation timescale in the latter case, and I suggest a number of ways in which this proposition could be tested. I have investigated the effect on the landscape of freezing the positions of some particles in a BLJ fluid. This “pinning” procedure induces a dynamical crossover that has been described as an equilibrium “pinning transition”, related to the hypothetical ideal glass transition. I show that the pinning transition is related to (and probably caused by) a dramatic change in the potential energy landscape. Pinning a large fraction of the particles in a supercooled liquid causes its energy landscape to acquire global structure and hence structure-seeking behaviour, very different from the landscape of a typical supercooled liquid. I provide a detailed description of this change in structure, and investigate the mechanism underlying it. I introduce a new algorithm for identifying hierarchical organisation of a landsape, which uses concepts related to the pinning transition but is applicable to unpinned liquids as well. This definition is complementary to metabasins, but the two methods often identify the same higher-order structures. The new “packings” algorithm offers a route to test thermodynamic theories of the glass transition in the context of the potential energy landscape. Over the course of this thesis, I discuss several different terms and methods to identify higher-order structures in the landscapes of model glass formers, and investigate how this organisation varies between different systems. Although little variation is immediately apparent between most glassy landscapes, deeper analysis reveals a surprising diversity, which has important implications for dynamical behaviour in the vicinity of the glass transition.

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Kameswar, Rao Vaddina. "Evaluation of A Low-power Random Access Memory Generator." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7823.

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In this work, an existing RAM generator is analysed and evaluated. Some of the aspects that were considered in the evaluation are the optimization of the basic SRAM cell, how the RAM generator can be ported to newer technologys, automating the simulation process and the creation of the workflow for the energy model.

One of the main focus of this thesis work is to optimize the basic SRAM cell. The SRAM cell which is used in the RAM generator is not optimized for area nor power. A compact layout is suggested which saves a lot of area and power. The technology that is used to create the RAM generator is old and a suitable way to port it to newer technology has also been found.

To create an energy model one has to simulate a lot of memories with a lot of data. This cannot be done in the traditional way of simulating circuits using the GUI. Hence an automation procedure has been suggested which can be made to work to create energy models by simulating the memories comprehensively.

Finally, basic ground work has been initiated by creating a workflow for the creation of the energy model.

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Alevanau, Aliaksandr. "Study of the Apparent Kinetics of Biomass Gasification Using High-Temperature Steam." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energi- och ugnsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-26356.

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Among the latest achievements in gasification technology, one may list the development of a method to preheat gasification agents using switched ceramic honey combs. The best output from this technology is achieved with use of water steam as a gasification agent, which is heated up to 1600 °C. The application of these temperatures with steam as a gasification agent provides a cleaner syngas (no nitrogen from air, cracked tars) and the ash melts into easily utilised glass-like sludge. High hydrogen content in output gas is also favourable for end-user applications.Among the other advantages of this technology is the presumable application of fixed-bed-type reactors fed by separately produced and preheated steam. This construction assumes relatively high steam flow rates to deliver the heat needed for endothermic reactions involving biomass. The biomass is to be heated uniformly and evenly in the volume of the whole reactor, providing easier and simpler control and operation in comparison to other types of reactors. To provide potential constructors and exploiters of these reactors with the kinetic data needed for the calculations of vital parameters for both reactor construction and exploitation, basic experimental research of high-temperature steam gasification of four types of industrially produced biomass has been conducted.Kinetic data have been obtained for straw and wood pellets, wood-chip charcoal and compressed charcoal of mixed origin. Experiments were conducted using two experimental facilities at the Energy and Furnace Division of the Department of Material Science and Engineering (MSE) at the School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM) of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and at the Combustion Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Maryland (UMD), USA. The experimental facility at the Energy and Furnace Division has been improved with the addition of several constructive elements, providing better possibilities for thermo-gravimetric measurements.The obtained thermo-gravimetric data were analysed and approximated using several models described in the literature. In addition, appropriate software based on the Scilab package was developed. The implementation of the isothermal method based on optimisation algorithms has been developed and tested on the data obtained under the conditions of a slow decrease of temperature in experiments with the char gasification in small-scale experimental facilities in the Energy and Furnace Division.The composition of the gases generated during the gasification of straw and wood pellets by high-temperature steam has been recorded and analysed for different experimental conditions.

QC 20101124

Study of ignition and kinetics of biomass/solid waste thermal conversion with high-temperature air/steam

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Luo, Simon Junming. "An Information Geometric Approach to Increase Representational Power in Unsupervised Learning." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25773.

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Machine learning models increase their representational power by increasing the number of parameters in the model. The number of parameters in the model can be increased by introducing hidden nodes, higher-order interaction effects or by introducing new features into the model. In this thesis we study different approaches to increase the representational power in unsupervised machine learning models. We investigate the use of incidence algebra and information geometry to develop novel machine learning models to include higher-order interactions effects into the model. Incidence algebra provides a natural formulation for combinatorics by expressing it as a generative function and information geometry provides many theoretical guarantees in the model by projecting the problem onto a dually flat Riemannian structure for optimization. Combining the two techniques together formulates the information geometric formulation of the binary log-linear model. We first use the information geometric formulation of the binary log-linear model to formulate the higher-order Boltzmann machine (HBM) to compare the different behaviours when using hidden nodes and higher-order feature interactions to increase the representational power of the model. We then apply the concepts learnt from this study to include higher-order interaction terms in Blind Source Separation (BSS) and to create an efficient approach to estimate higher order functions in Poisson process. Lastly, we explore the possibility to use Bayesian non-parametrics to automatically reduce the number of higher-order interactions effects included in the model.

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Hua, Xiaoben, and Yuxia Yang. "A Fusion Model For Enhancement of Range Images." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2203.

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In this thesis, we would like to present a new way to enhance the “depth map” image which is called as the fusion of depth images. The goal of our thesis is to try to enhance the “depth images” through a fusion of different classification methods. For that, we will use three similar but different methodologies, the Graph-Cut, Super-Pixel and Principal Component Analysis algorithms to solve the enhancement and output of our result. After that, we will compare the effect of the enhancement of our result with the original depth images. This result indicates the effectiveness of our methodology.
Room 401, No.56, Lane 21, Yin Gao Road, Shanghai, China

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Kaděrová, Jana. "Pravděpodobnostní diskrétní model porušování betonu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390288.

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The thesis presents results of a numerical study on the performance of 3D discrete meso–scale lattice–particle model of concrete. The existing model was extended by introducing the spatial variability of chosen material parameter in form of random field. An experimental data from bending tests on notched and unnotched beams was exploited for the identification of model parameters as well as for the subsequent validation of its performance. With the basic and the extended randomized version of the model, numerical simulations were calculated so that the influence of the rate of fluctuation of the random field (governed by the correlation length) could be observed. The final part of the thesis describes the region in the beam active during the test in which the most of the fracture energy is released in terms of its size and shape. This region defines the strength of the whole member and as shown in the thesis, it does not have a constant size but it is influenced by the geometrical setup and the correlation length of the random field.

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Книги з теми "Continuous random energy model"

Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Random Phase Approximation Plasma Phenomenology, Semiclassical and Hydrodynamic Models; Electrodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0010.

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Chapter 10 reviews both homogeneous and inhomogeneous quantum plasma dielectric response phenomenology starting with the RPA polarizability ring diagram in terms of thermal Green’s functions, also energy eigenfunctions. The homogeneous dynamic, non-local inverse dielectric screening functions (K) are exhibited for 3D, 2D, and 1D, encompassing the non-local plasmon spectra and static shielding (e.g. Friedel oscillations and Debye-Thomas-Fermi shielding). The role of a quantizing magnetic field in K is reviewed. Analytically simpler models are described: the semiclassical and classical limits and the hydrodynamic model, including surface plasmons. Exchange and correlation energies are discussed. The van der Waals interaction of two neutral polarizable systems (e.g. physisorption) is described by their individual two-particle Green’s functions: It devolves upon the role of the dynamic, non-local plasma image potential due to screening. The inverse dielectric screening function K also plays a central role in energy loss spectroscopy. Chapter 10 introduces electromagnetic dyadic Green’s functions and the inverse dielectric tensor; also the RPA dynamic, non-local conductivity tensor with application to a planar quantum well. Kramers–Krönig relations are discussed. Determination of electromagnetic response of a compound nanostructure system having several nanostructured parts is discussed, with applications to a quantum well in bulk plasma and also to a superlattice, resulting in coupled plasmon spectra and polaritons.

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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Wave Turbulence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0013.

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Main notions and ideas of wave (weak) turbulence theory are explained with the help of Hamiltonian approach to wave dynamics, and are applied to waves in RSW model. Derivation of kinetic equations under random-phase approximation is explained. Short inertia–gravity waves on the f plane, short equatorial inertia–gravity waves, and Rossby waves on the beta plane are then considered along these lines. In all of these cases, approximate solutions of kinetic equation, annihilating the collision integral, can be obtained by scaling arguments, giving power-law energy spectra. The predictions of turbulence of inertia–gravity waves on the f plane are compared with numerical simulations initialised by ensembles of random waves. Energy spectra much steeper than theoretical are observed. Finite-size effects, which prevent energy transfer from large to short scales, provide a plausible explanation. Long waves thus evolve towards breaking and shock formation, yet the number of shocks is insufficient to produce shock turbulence.

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Olshanski, Grigori. Enumeration of maps. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.26.

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This article discusses the relationship between random matrices and maps, i.e. graphs drawn on surfaces, with particular emphasis on the one-matrix model and how it can be used to solve a map enumeration problem. It first provides an overview of maps and related objects, recalling the basic definitions related to graphs and defining maps as graphs embedded into surfaces before considering a coding of maps by pairs of permutations. It then examines the connection between matrix integrals and maps, focusing on the Hermitian one-matrix model with a polynomial potential and how the formal expansion of its free energy around a Gaussian point (quadratic potential) can be represented by diagrams identifiable with maps. The article also illustrates how the solution of the map enumeration problem can be deduced by means of random matrix theory (RMT). Finally, it explains how the matrix model result can be translated into a bijective proof.

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Частини книг з теми "Continuous random energy model"

Huang, Haiping. "Random Energy Model." In Statistical Mechanics of Neural Networks, 59–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7570-6_7.

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Bolthausen, Erwin, and Alain-Sol Sznitman. "The Random Energy Model." In Ten Lectures on Random Media, 74–82. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8159-3_9.

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Koper, G. J. M. "Relaxation in the Random Energy Model." In Time-Dependent Effects in Disordered Materials, 229–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7476-3_23.

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Yamamoto, Yoshihiro. "The Model with Continuous Variables." In Feed-in Tariffs and the Economics of Renewable Energy, 83–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76864-9_7.

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Baile, R., and J. F. Muzy. "Random Cascade Model for Surface Wind Speed." In Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia, 153–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119066354.ch13.

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Bolthausen, Erwin, and Alain-Sol Sznitman. "The Generalized Random Energy Model and Induced Clusterings." In Ten Lectures on Random Media, 83–95. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8159-3_10.

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Sun, Quande, Junfeng Zhao, Xue Deng, and Yingxian Lin. "A Mean-Continuous Fuzzy Random Entropy Portfolio Model with Fuzzy Random Returns." In Application of Intelligent Systems in Multi-modal Information Analytics, 444–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51431-0_64.

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Guo, Hongyu. "Modeling Short-Term Energy Load with Continuous Conditional Random Fields." In Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 433–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40988-2_28.

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Bovier, Anton, and Frank den Hollander. "The Curie-Weiss Model with Random Magnetic Field: Continuous Distributions." In Metastability, 345–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24777-9_15.

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Oref, Izhack, and R. C. Gilbert. "Random Walk Model for Energy Transfer at High Temperatures." In The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, 393–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2642-7_27.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Continuous random energy model"

Sylvestre, Julien, Maud Samson, Éric Duchesne, and Dominique Langlois-Demers. "Large-Scale Model of Flip-Chip Joining Defects." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36744.

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A numerical model is developed for the flip chip reflow process, including many significant aspects of the joining dynamics: thermal expansion of the device and substrate; temperature-dependent substrate warpage; random variations of the solder volume with position; and global device position above the substrate. A detailed micro-model of each interconnect captures the transition from two contacting solder bumps to a single continuous solder interconnect, using a random wetting delay parameterized by the surface energy of the bumps relative to an energy scale. The model is shown to correctly fit measurements of the device position during the reflow process, and is used to study the occurrence of non-wet and bridge defects. The effects of spatial variations in the solder volume distribution on these defects is studied in details for an actual device with 12 504 interconnections, using an effective data reduction technique.

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Zhao, Sihong, and Alper Erturk. "Energy Harvesting From Broadband Random Vibrations: Comparison of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Electroelastic Solutions." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71496.

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Vibration-based energy harvesting has been heavily researched over the last decade with a primary focus on resonant excitation. However, ambient vibrational energy often has broader frequency content than a single harmonic, and in many cases it is entirely stochastic. As compared to the literature of deterministic energy harvesting, very few authors presented modeling approaches for energy harvesting from broadband random vibrations. These efforts have combined the input statistical information with the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dynamics of the energy harvester to express the statistical electromechanical response characteristics. In most cases, the motion input (base acceleration) is assumed to be ideal white noise. White noise has a flat power spectral density (PSD) that might in fact excite higher vibration modes of an electroelastic energy harvester. In particular, piezoelectric energy harvesters constitute such continuous electroelastic systems with more than one vibration mode. This paper presents modeling and simulations of piezoelectric energy harvesting from broadband random vibrations based on distributed-parameter electroelastic solution. For white noise–type base acceleration of a given PSD level, first the general solution of the distributed-parameter problem is given. Closed-form representations are extracted for the single-mode case and these are analogous to the SDOF equations reported in the literature of energy harvesting. It is reported that the single-mode predictions might result in significant mismatch as compared to multi-mode predictions. Using the electroelastic solution, soft and hard piezoelectric power generators are compared under broadband random excitation. Shunt damping effect of power generation on the stochastic vibration response under broadband random excitation is also reported.

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Klutke, Georgia-Ann. "Models for Inspected Systems Under General Degradation." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17165.

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Abstract Many protective devices, as well as spare and standby systems, exhibit what are known as non self-announcing failures; that is, failures can be observed only by inspection. Inspections can usually reveal only whether the device is operational or not, and not the level of deterioration of the device. This paper considers the availability of such systems when degradation is driven by an exogenous random environment. We allow this environment to be quite general; it includes both continuous (graceful) degradation and degradation due to discrete shocks. For periodic inspection schemes, we compute the limiting average availability and discuss opportunities for more effective inspection policies.

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Rybalko, Michael, Eric Loth, and Dennis Lankford. "LES Sub-Grid Diffusion for Lagrangian Particles." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55207.

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A continuous random walk (CRW) turbulent diffusion model was developed for Lagrangian particles within flow fields simulated by hybrid RANS/LES methodologies. For RANS flow-fields, the conventional time-scale and length-scale constants were determined by the turbulence intensity and dissipation values computed by the single-phase solver with a k-ω (Menter SST) model and subsequent comparison with turbulent particle diffusion experimental results of Snyder & Lumley (1971). This allowed validation against data for four particle types ranging from hollow glass to copper shot in grid-generated turbulence. The stochastic diffusion model was then extended to utilize the Nichols-Nelson k-ω hybrid RANS-LES turbulence model in a more complex turbulent flow resulting from the unsteady, three dimensional wake of a cylinder at Mach number of 0.1 and Reynolds number (ReD) of 800. The gas flow was computed with a 5th-order upwind-biased scheme. Throughout the wake, the sub-grid random walk model yielded good predictions of particle diffusion as compared with DNS. Also, these results indicate that crossing trajectory effects and inertia-based drift corrections are critical to handling a variety of particle Stokes numbers as well as regions of non-homogeneous turbulence, even when most of the kinetic energy is captured with the resolved-scales of an LES approach.

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Zhou, Andrew, and Ivan Revilla. "A Cost-Effective Virtual Sensor for Continuous Freshwater Nutrient Monitoring using Machine Learning." In 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Applications. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2023.131912.

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Nutrient enrichment of aquatic environments is a prevalent issue with wide-reaching negative implications for ecological stability, tourism and recreation, and vital drinking supplies. Proper management of nutrient influxes—primarily nitrogen and phosphorus—into aquatic environments is facilitated by continuous monitoring of nutrient levels within water bodies of interest, which offers a more complete understanding of seasonal trends and faster response times compared to traditional lab testing. However, continuous nutrient monitoring systems are prohibitively expensive, with ongoing energy and maintenance requirements that limit deployment. Machine learning shows potential for virtual sensor development with real-time nutrient prediction, based on continuously monitored surrogate indicators. In this study, we test the feasibility of this premise by evaluating the performance of Random Forest regressor (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Support Vector Machine regression (SVM), Decision Tree regressor, Artificial Neural Network, Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), and Histogram Gradient Boosting Regressor (HGBR) on one year of water quality testing data from sites across the Continental United States (CONUS). To address values missing not at random, an issue prevalent in water quality testing data, important surrogate indicators are identified by permutation importance. Models are then trained and tuned with Bayesian Optimization to identify hyperparameters optimal for explaining target variance. Across both phosphorus and nitrogen prediction, RF achieved the highest validation performance, with GBR and HGBR trailing marginally. Ensemble tree models appear to be well-suited to continuous nutrient monitoring and may be a cost-efficient solution to greatly supplement the existing highfrequency testing network.

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Jung, Jin-Young, and Michael M. Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Dendritic Solidification." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1481.

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Abstract It is well known that the dendritic microstructure of alloys is a consequence of morphological instability of the solidification process, which is a result of the coupling of heat and mass transfer with the composition-dependent phase equilibrium condition mediated by the surface energy. There have been many numerical simulations of dendritic solidification. However, many successful simulations of dendritic growth have used non-discrete front tracking method such as artificial source method or phase field method, with demonstrably first order accuracy. Many also found it necessary to continuously inject random noise during simulation. The continuous injection of random noise raises the suspicion that the numerical schemes used may be overly dissipative. The noise is apparently capable of creating nonuniform solidification, but not sufficient to ensure growth with a clear dendritic pattern. In the present study, to rule out the numerical diffusivity as a cause of the damping of dendritic perturbations, artificial perturbations are either not used, or injected only as initial conditions. Under the unstable solidification mode, the initial perturbation triggers the onset of interface instability. Computations were performed for both sub-cooled pure material as well as directional solidification of alloys. The successful simulation of dendritic solidification without the intentional injection of random noise provided evidence that the present method has less numerical diffusion than many existing front tracking methods.

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Shintani, Masanori, Hiroyuki Ikuta, and Hajime Takada. "Evaluation of Energy Absorption in Nonlinear Vibration System With Gaps." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71428.

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This paper deals with nonlinear vibration characteristics of a continuum system with collision phenomena under random waves with gaps. In order to investigate such a nonlinear vibration characteristic, an experimental apparatus consisting of a nonlinear vibration system was made. Moreover, we propose an analytical model based on the restoring force characteristics of the experiments. In this report, the size of the gap between a mass and a plate is set to 0.5mm or 1.0mm. For this experimental model we also propose an analytical model. We use plates of 1.6mm thickness in the collisions both in the experiment and the analysis. The analytical model is based on an elasto-plasticity solid model. When considering the coefficients of restitution or energy absorption, the experimental results nearly agree with the analytical results [10]. We found that the rate of a collision changes with the size of the gap at each input acceleration level. As the gap size widens, energy absorption decreases for each input acceleration level. Consequently, in order to increase the energy absorption, it becomes necessary to increase the rate of the collision.

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Dompierre, A., M. S. Traore, and L. G. Fréchette. "Measurements of Car Vibrations Under Real-Life Driving Conditions and Assessment of Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Nodes." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63312.

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This work presents a study of car vibrations measured under typical driving conditions to assess the potential of powering automotive sensors incorporated in cars via vibration energy harvesting (VEH). The locations where sensors or switches are currently used and the requirements of potential automotive wireless sensor nodes were used as criteria to narrow down the location of the measurements. A total of 20 locations were retained after keeping the sensors with lower requirements. Random vibrations due to the road perturbations as well as part of the structural responses of the vehicle from changing vehicle speed were observed through vibration peaks which shift in frequency and others which are steady despite the changing conditions. The spectral analyses indicate that most of the available vibration energy is in a frequency range below 200 Hz, with harvestable consistent peaks below 140 Hz on the front chassis, the rear and front plastic bumpers and the brake fluid tank. An analytical model is used to assess the power output from several linear harvester MEMS designs and we estimate that continuous power over 100 nW are achievable from those sources.

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Shintani, Masanori, Hiroyuki Ikuta, and Tadashi Kotera. "Study on Nonlinear Vibration of Continuum System With Gaps Considering Energy Dissipated by Collision." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2948.

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This paper deals with nonlinear vibration of a continuum system with gaps under random waves considered collision phenomena. In order to investigate this nonlinear vibration characteristic, experiments are carried out with an experimental apparatus consisting of a nonlinear vibration system. Moreover, an analytical model of the cubic equation is proposed based on the restoring force characteristics in the experiments. This analytical model is used for the simulation analysis, and its results are compared with the experimental results. However, the results show differences between thick plates and thin plates in the root-mean-square (R.M.S.) value of the response acceleration and the transfer function. The ratio of the kinetic energy of the experimental results and the simulation results is investigated. Consequently, energy is dissipated in the experiments. It is found that the energy dissipated by collision phenomena causes these results. In order to measure the coefficient of restitution by the collision phenomena between the plate and the mass, an experimental apparatus for the collision effect is made. Experiments are carried out with this apparatus. The experimental results agree with part of the results of the ratios of kinetic energy. It is clear that the analytical model in consideration for the energy dissipated by the collision effect is required.

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Shintani, Masanori, Hiroyuki Ikuta, and Hiroyuki Shume. "Vibration Characteristic Evaluation of Nonlinear Vibration Systems With Gaps Considering Energy Dissipation by Collision." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71429.

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This paper deals with nonlinear vibration of a continuum system with gaps under random waves considered collision phenomena. In order to investigate this nonlinear vibration characteristic, experiments are made with an experimental apparatus consisting of a nonlinear vibration system. A 2.3mm thick plate is used for the collision phenomena experiments. Moreover, an analytical model of the cubic equation is proposed based on the restoring force characteristics in the experiments. This analytical model is used for the simulation analysis, and the results are compared with the experimental results. However, the Root- Mean- Square (R.M.S.) values of the response acceleration of the analytical results are larger than R.M.S. values of the response acceleration of the experimental result. The difference of these results indicates that energy is dissipated in the collision phenomena. Then, the coefficient of restitution by the collision phenomenon between mass and plate is measured from the experiments. In the analysis, the dissipation energy is replaced with an equivalent damping ratio. The simulations are calculated by using this modified analysis. Consequently, the simulation results agree well with the experimental results.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Continuous random energy model"

Morrison, W. N., and R. Mendelsohn. A discrete-continuous choice model of climate change impacts on energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656514.

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Dormann, Christian. Introduction to Continuous Time Structural Equation Modeling (CTSEM) + 1 Free Seminar. Instats Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/am2g78fjl1gx5469.

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This seminar introduces the use of Continuous Time Structural Equation Modeling (CTSEM) to study phenomena over time in the social and health sciences. Day 1 topics include the required conceptual background, mathematical foundations, as well as examples to illustrate the concepts. On Day 2, the R package [b]ctsem [/b]is introduced, with hands-on coverage of topics including data preparation, model setup, parameter estimation, and interpretation of results. Day 3 topics include random intercept modelling (aka., within-person analysis), moderator analysis, and an outlook to Continuous Time Meta-Analysis (CoTiMA) using results from multiple studies. To frame the seminar content, a free background seminar is provided when enrolling: Longitudinal SEM in R. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. The seminar offers 2 ECTS Equivalent points for European PhD students.

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Meidani, Hadi, and Amir Kazemi. Data-Driven Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Drag Forces on Truck Platoons. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-036.

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Fuel-consumption reduction in the truck industry is significantly beneficial to both energy economy and the environment. Although estimation of drag forces is required to quantify fuel consumption of trucks, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to meet this need is expensive. Data-driven surrogate models are developed to mitigate this concern and are promising for capturing the dynamics of large systems such as truck platoons. In this work, we aim to develop a surrogate-based fluid dynamics model that can be used to optimize the configuration of trucks in a robust way, considering various uncertainties such as random truck geometries, variable truck speed, random wind direction, and wind magnitude. Once trained, such a surrogate-based model can be readily employed for platoon-routing problems or the study of pavement performance.

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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.

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Tanny, Josef, Gabriel Katul, Shabtai Cohen, and Meir Teitel. Micrometeorological methods for inferring whole canopy evapotranspiration in large agricultural structures: measurements and modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594402.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions The original objectives as stated in the approved proposal were: (1) To establish guidelines for the use of micrometeorological techniques as accurate, reliable and low-cost tools for continuous monitoring of whole canopy ET of common crops grown in large agricultural structures. (2) To adapt existing methods for protected cultivation environments. (3) To combine previously derived theoretical models of air flow and scalar fluxes in large agricultural structures (an outcome of our previous BARD project) with ET data derived from application of turbulent transport techniques for different crops and structure types. All the objectives have been successfully addressed. The study was focused on both screenhouses and naturally ventilated greenhouses, and all proposed methods were examined. Background to the topic Our previous BARD project established that the eddy covariance (EC) technique is suitable for whole canopy evapotranspiration measurements in large agricultural screenhouses. Nevertheless, the eddy covariance technique remains difficult to apply in the farm due to costs, operational complexity, and post-processing of data – thereby inviting alternative techniques to be developed. The subject of this project was: 1) the evaluation of four turbulent transport (TT) techniques, namely, Surface Renewal (SR), Flux-Variance (FV), Half-order Time Derivative (HTD) and Bowen Ratio (BR), whose instrumentation needs and operational demands are not as elaborate as the EC, to estimate evapotranspiration within large agricultural structures; and 2) the development of mathematical models able to predict water savings and account for the external environmental conditions, physiological properties of the plant, and structure properties as well as to evaluate the necessary micrometeorological conditions for utilizing the above turbulent transfer methods in such protected environments. Major conclusions and achievements The major conclusions are: (i) the SR and FV techniques were suitable for reliable estimates of ET in shading and insect-proof screenhouses; (ii) The BR technique was reliable in shading screenhouses; (iii) HTD provided reasonable results in the shading and insect proof screenhouses; (iv) Quality control analysis of the EC method showed that conditions in the shading and insect proof screenhouses were reasonable for flux measurements. However, in the plastic covered greenhouse energy balance closure was poor. Therefore, the alternative methods could not be analyzed in the greenhouse; (v) A multi-layered flux footprint model was developed for a ‘generic’ crop canopy situated within a protected environment such as a large screenhouse. The new model accounts for the vertically distributed sources and sinks within the canopy volume as well as for modifications introduced by the screen on the flow field and microenvironment. The effect of the screen on fetch as a function of its relative height above the canopy is then studied for the first time and compared to the case where the screen is absent. The model calculations agreed with field experiments based on EC measurements from two screenhouse experiments. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The study established for the first time, both experimentally and theoretically, the use of four simple TT techniques for ET estimates within large agricultural screenhouses. Such measurements, along with reliable theoretical models, will enable the future development of lowcost ET monitoring system which will be attainable for day-to-day use by growers in improving irrigation management.

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Tanny, Josef, Gabriel Katul, Shabtai Cohen, and Meir Teitel. Application of Turbulent Transport Techniques for Quantifying Whole Canopy Evapotranspiration in Large Agricultural Structures: Measurement and Theory. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592121.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions The original objectives of this research, as stated in the approved proposal were: 1. To establish guidelines for the use of turbulent transport techniques as accurate and reliable tool for continuous measurements of whole canopy ET and other scalar fluxes (e.g. heat and CO2) in large agricultural structures. 2. To conduct a detailed experimental study of flow patterns and turbulence characteristics in agricultural structures. 3. To derive theoretical models of air flow and scalar fluxes in agricultural structures that can guide the interpretation of TT measurements for a wide range of conditions. All the objectives have been successfully addressed within the project. The only modification was that the study focused on screenhouses only, while it was originally planned to study large greenhouses as well. This was decided due to the large amount of field and theoretical work required to meet the objectives within screenhouses. Background In agricultural structures such as screenhouses and greenhouses, evapotranspiration (ET) is currently measured using lysimeters or sap flow gauges. These measurements provide ET estimates at the single-plant scale that must then be extrapolated, often statistically or empirically, to the whole canopy for irrigation scheduling purposes. On the other hand, turbulent transport techniques, like the eddy covariance, have become the standard for measuring whole canopy evapotranspiration in the open, but their applicability to agricultural structures has not yet been established. The subject of this project is the application of turbulent transport techniques to estimate ET for irrigation scheduling within large agricultural structures. Major conclusions and achievements The major conclusions of this project are: (i) the eddy covariance technique is suitable for reliable measurements of scalar fluxes (e.g., evapotranspiration, sensible heat, CO2) in most types of large screenhouses under all climatic conditions tested. All studies resulted with fair energy balance closures; (ii) comparison between measurements and theory show that the model is capable in reliably predicting the turbulent flow characteristics and surface fluxes within screenhouses; (iii) flow characteristics within the screenhouse, like flux-variance similarity and turbulence intensity were valid for the application of the eddy covariance technique in screenhouses of relatively dilute screens used for moderate shading and wind breaking. In more dense screens, usually used for insect exclusions, development of turbulent conditions was marginal; (iv) installation of the sensors requires that the system’s footprint will be within the limits of the screenhouse under study, as is the case in the open. A footprint model available in the literature was found to be reliable in assessing the footprint under screenhouse conditions. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The study established for the first time, both experimentally and theoretically, the use of the eddy covariance technique for flux measurements within agricultural screenhouses. Such measurements, along with reliable theoretical models, will enable more accurate assessments of crop water use which may lead to improved crop water management and increased water use efficiency of screenhouse crops.

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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.

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ENERGY DISSIPATING MODES AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATION OF H-SHAPED STEEL BAFFLES SUBJECTED TO BOULDER IMPACT. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.4.3.

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Flexible barriers are one of the most effective protective structures, which have been widely used for the mitigation of rockfalls. As the only compression members in a flexible barrier system, steel posts maintain the integrity of the interception structure to keep the function of the system. Due to the random trajectories of rockfalls, steel posts may be impacted by boulders directly. The impact scenario may result in the failure of the post and even the collapse of the system. In this paper, firstly, steel baffles were proposed to be an additional structural countermeasure to avoid the direct impact of posts. Secondly, numerical method was adopted to study the structural behaviour of steel baffles under direct boulder impact. Then, an available published experimental test of H-shaped steel beams under drop weight impact loading by others was back analyzed to calibrate the finite element model. Finally, numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the energy dissipating modes and energy dissipating efficiency of the H-shaped steel baffles. The simulation results show that there are three typical energy dissipating modes of H-shaped baffles subjected to boulder impact, namely flexural, local compression buckling and shear buckling. Local compression buckling is the most efficient energy dissipating mode. The thickness of the web of an H-shaped baffle is suggested to be 4 mm and 6 mm for the rated dissipating energy of 50 kJ and 100 kJ, respectively.

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