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1
Chiu, Ya-Chu, Tai-Tien Wang, and Tsan-Hwei Huang. "Investigating continual damage of a nineteenth century masonry tunnel." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Forensic Engineering 167, no. 3 (August 2014): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/feng.13.00030.
Повний текст джерела
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Pyskunov, S. O., Yu V. Maksimyk, and V. V. Valer. "Finite Element Analysis of Influence of Non-homogenous Temperature Field on Designed Lifetime of Spatial Structural Elements under Creep Conditions." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21042/amns.2016.1.00020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe techniques of modeling of continual fracture process for spatial bodies under long-term static force loading condition in non-homogenous temperature field are presented. The scalar damage parameter is used to describe the material continual fracture process. A stress-strain problem solution made with semianalytic finite element method (SFEM). Results of lifetime determination of responsible parts are presented.
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Makarin, Viktor, Anna Uspenskaya, Arseniy Semenov, Natalya Timofeeva, Roman Chernikov, Ilya Sleptsov, Igor Chinchuk, et al. "INTRAOPERATIVE CONTINUOUS NEUROMONITORING OF LARYNGEAL RECCURENT NERVES IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID CANCER." Problems in oncology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-3-342-348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Laryngeal muscles paresis ranks second in prevalence of postoperative complications after thyroid surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) results in reduction of cases with dysphonia and prevents such severe complication as bilateral paresis. Currently there are two types of monitoring: intermittent and continual. When using intermittent IONM surgeon has no opportunity to control electrophysiology state of RLN during intervals between stimulations. In case of continual IONM date on amplitude and latency are available to surgeon in real time every second, allowing him instantly react to any disturbance of neural transmission to prevent its damage by changing surgical manipulation. This work presents the first experience of using continual neuromonitoring of RLN in Russia, the procedure is described in details its safety. It is represented the possibility of prevention of bilateral laryngeal muscles paresis.
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Kilburg, Gary M., and Tom Hancock. "Addressing Sources of Collateral Damage in Four Mentoring Programs." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108, no. 7 (July 2006): 1321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810610800702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the types of recurring problems that can inhibit K-12 mentoring team relationships and intervention strategies to remedy those problems. The study examines 149 mentoring teams in four school districts over a 2-year period. Data collection was coordinated by the researcher who was also the trainer for the four school districts’ mentoring programs. Each year of the study, the survey and interview processes were repeated. From the analysis of data, the research team identified a common set of recurring problems during both years. Intervention strategies were then identified, introduced, and assessed. Results indicate the need for continual assessment of mentoring programs and mentoring team relationships, financial commitment from the school district, a rigorous mentor selection process, and providing in-service and workshop opportunities for problem solving.
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Bozsik, András. "Slight damage of the great green bush-cricket (Tettigonia viridissima) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in some Hungarian maize fields." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 66 (June 2, 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/66/1894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Characteristic cricket damage was observed in two maize fields in northern Hungary, at Máriabesnyő, a district of Gödöllő. The damage level of the two fields did not differ significantly and continual monitoring of field1 showed also a stable infestation level. T. viridissima nymphs and a female were found and observed as feeding on maize plants. The crickets must have disappeared after 18.07. because no more fresh damage was observed after this date. The chewing’s number about on one and two % of the examined plants amounted one and six a plant and their size was between one and eight cm2. This infestation was quite little and might have caused apparently no yield loss. Compared this damage of T. viridissima with former Hungarian experience, this was the usual negligible damage despite the explicit draught in July and August 2015. As regards the global warming, orthopteran damage may be more obvious in the future.
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Davies, G. A. O., and R. Olsson. "Impact on composite structures." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1089 (November 2004): 541–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000000385.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of impact damage in laminated composite structures, and the consequent reduction in residual strength, has been a topic of continual research for over two decades. The number of journal papers on the subject now runs into four figures and most have been conscientiously reviewed by Abrate(1991, 1994, 1998). This review is not intended to be in the academic tradition, with emphasis on acknowledging the authorship of all the various research initiatives. Instead we present our opinions so that the reader can appreciate our current understanding of the problem, our capability of predicting by analysis, and the scope of the design tools for avoiding structural damage, or at least designing damage tolerant aerospace structures.
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Anđelković, Dejan, Boris Antić, Krsto Lipovac, and Ilija Tanackov. "Identification of hotspots on roads using continual variance analysis." Transport 33, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1289479.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a new statistical model for the identification of dangerous locations (subsections) on roads, also known as hotspots. The model is based on continual analysis of variance. The variance parameter has the potential for the synthesis of quantity and quality, especially regarding traffic accident frequencies and the consequences of traffic accidents within subsections and the significant comparison of the produced synthesis. The sensitivity of the suggested model can be adjusted with the level of disjunction and the length of subsections. A practical application of the new model is performed using a sample of 8442 traffic accidents, of which 6079 were Property Damage Only (PDO) accidents, 2041 resulted in injuries and 322 resulted in fatalities. The sample is for the period of 2001 to 2011 and is from an ‘I class’ two lane rural state road in the Serbia with total length of 284 kilometres. The results acquired using the continual analysis of variance were compared with previous results from four HotSpot Identification Methods (HSID) that are also based on the frequency of traffic accidents.
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Turner, Daniel, Pedro J. S. Cardoso, and João M. F. Rodrigues. "Modular Dynamic Neural Network: A Continual Learning Architecture." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 12078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Learning to recognize a new object after having learned to recognize other objects may be a simple task for a human, but not for machines. The present go-to approaches for teaching a machine to recognize a set of objects are based on the use of deep neural networks (DNN). So, intuitively, the solution for teaching new objects on the fly to a machine should be DNN. The problem is that the trained DNN weights used to classify the initial set of objects are extremely fragile, meaning that any change to those weights can severely damage the capacity to perform the initial recognitions; this phenomenon is known as catastrophic forgetting (CF). This paper presents a new (DNN) continual learning (CL) architecture that can deal with CF, the modular dynamic neural network (MDNN). The presented architecture consists of two main components: (a) the ResNet50-based feature extraction component as the backbone; and (b) the modular dynamic classification component, which consists of multiple sub-networks and progressively builds itself up in a tree-like structure that rearranges itself as it learns over time in such a way that each sub-network can function independently. The main contribution of the paper is a new architecture that is strongly based on its modular dynamic training feature. This modular structure allows for new classes to be added while only altering specific sub-networks in such a way that previously known classes are not forgotten. Tests on the CORe50 dataset showed results above the state of the art for CL architectures.
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Golub, V. P. "The nonlinear mechanics of continual damage and its application to problems of creep and fatigue." International Applied Mechanics 36, no. 3 (March 2000): 303–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681915.
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Hyttinen, Kannan, Felszeghy, Niittykoski, Salminen, and Kaarniranta. "The Regulation of NFE2L2 (NRF2) Signalling and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 5800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225800.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a mounting cause of loss of sight in the elderly in the developed countries, a trend enhanced by the continual ageing of the population. AMD is a multifactorial and only partly understood, malady. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most AMD patients. It is known that oxidative stress (OS) damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and contributes to the progression of AMD. We review here the potential importance of two OS-related cellular systems in relation to AMD. First, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2; NRF2)-mediated OS response signalling pathway is important in the prevention of oxidative damage and a failure of this system could be critical in the development of AMD. Second, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a change in the cellular phenotype, which ultimately leads to the fibrosis encountered in RPE, a characteristic of AMD. Many of the pathways triggering EMT are promoted by OS. The possible interconnections between these two signalling routes are discussed here. From a broader perspective, the control of NFE2L2 and EMT as ways of preventing OS-derived cellular damage could be potentially valuable in the therapy of AMD.
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Hacek, Miro, Simona Kukovic, and Marjan Brezovsek. "Problems of corruption and distrust in political and administrative institutions in Slovenia." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no. 2 (April 9, 2013): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.03.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corruption is perceived in all societies as a social pathology that causes great material and moral damage and is a threat to the society’s continual development. Especially in countries with a freshly consolidated democracy, as Slovenia, the phenomena of corruption must be treated with all due attention. This article emphasises that corruption in Slovenia is publicly perceived as one of the most important and even increasing problems in society. We are also analysing one of the crucial side effects of the corruption, resulting itself in ever deeper public distrust to most significant political and administrative institutions.
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Mahmood Alam, Junaid, Sumaira Imran Farooqui, Fatima Hussain, and Syed Riaz Mahmood. "DETERMINATION OF TRANSAMINASES AND CREATINE KINASE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2014): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.3.1/003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND The transaminases, ALT and AST (alanine and aspartate transaminases, respectively), that are generally considered to be the hepatic enzymes, also found in skeletal muscles. Continual elevated levels of both enzymes in patients with several forms of muscular dystrophy and musculoskeletal diseases have been documented in several studies. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The present study is undertaken to examine the possibility of highlighting transaminases elevation in muscular dystrophy as an indicator of concomitant muscular damage, rather than hepatic injury due to medications, and relate its significance with underlying myofibrillar damages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of a total of 52 patients (males = 38, females = 14) were obtained during December 2006 to December 2011 and complied as per criteria. Plasma CK enzyme and transaminases (AST and ALT) levels were performed by enzymatic methods on Hitachi 912. A specific hepatic marker gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was also measured to assess the extent or presence of hepatic damages. All enzymatic data were analyzed using regression correlation analyses with significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS Cumulative as well as individual data analysis showed significant correlation of transaminases with CK, which is the distinct indicator of muscle damage. ALT R2 correlation with CK showed linear regression correlation of R2 = 0.796 and for AST R2 = 0.814. Cumulative mean of CK was 406.83 ± 20.15 IU/L; ALT = 70.86 ± 10.21 IU/L, AST = 68.78 ± 8.30 IU/L and GT = 20.13 ± 4.30 IU/L. CONCLUSION The present study describes the elevated level of transaminase, ALT and AST in patients of muscular dystrophy and myopathies. It was also exhibited that both transaminases concentration linearly correlated with muscle marker CK. No hepatic damage was noted in all patients as manifested by normal levels of GGT, a distinct marker of hepatic origin.
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Deaton, C. "Effects of airway inflammation, ozone and exercise on the pulmonary antioxidant capacity of the horse: A war of nutrition." BSAP Occasional Publication 32 (2004): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00041318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within the body there is continual production of entities known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). These include radical derivatives of oxygen that contain at least one unpaired electron and include species such as the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. ROS also include nonradical derivatives of oxygen that are capable of oxidising biomolecules such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. ROS are formed from processes such as the respiratory burst of phagocytes and from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, so production is often increased by situations that elevate oxygen utilisation such as exercise. ROS may also act as “signalling” species within the body. Controlled production of ROS is therefore essential for normal cellular function and health, especially with respect to the functioning of the immune system. However, uncontrolled production of ROS can result in cell damage and death, the induction and propagation of inflammation and DNA damage. Thus, the body has evolved intricate and elaborate enzymatic and non–enzymatic antioxidant defences to control and buffer excess ROS production. In situations where the antioxidant defences are overwhelmed either due to their depletion, malfunction or simply due to excessive ROS bombardment, oxidative stress and oxidative damage are likely to occur.
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Kidner, Richard. "Remoteness of damage: the duty-interest theory and the re-interpretation or the Wagon Mound." Legal Studies 9, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1989.tb00383.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘The principle of elegance’ means that the law should be internally consistent with itself, and while it is in no sense an overriding principle it is preferable that rules should be logical rather than illogical within the parameters of the system. The principle cannot of course be an absolute one for there is nothing wrong with inelegance if the state ofaffairs comes about for good reasons of pragmatism or policy. However a consequence of the principle is that where in practical terms the rules of law become inelegant or dislocated, the situation should not be resolved by covering up the disjunction that has occurred by a bland generalisation which hides what is truly happening. The situation arises because of the continual struggle between principle and practical justice, and where a gap opens between the two, the principle of elegance suggests (but does not require) that the problem should be resolved, usually by refining principle to take account of variations of practice and developments of theory. In this way the cases and principles derived from them are re-interpreted or re-defined so as to re-establish a consistent system.
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Stejskal, V. "Non-linear relationship between food resource exploitation and population density of stored-product pests." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 3 (January 1, 2000): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8315-cjfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main current strategies (IPM, HACCP) to control pests in stored food products are based on critical thresholds derived from pest population density. These thresholds usually do not consider cumulative effects of earlier pest infestation although injuries caused by biotic pest organisms to stored food commodities are irreversible. We present conceptual and illustrative models showing that population size indices, in contrast to cumulative (population history) indices, could (i) underestimate critical thresholds if pest population can grow exponentially and (ii) provide incorrect information about the level of stored food damage if pest population density can fluctuate. The importance of entomological food microanalysis and continual “cumulative monitoring” based on trapping is discussed with respect to HACCP and IPM programmes in stored food products.
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Banerjee, Arup, and Aarti Tripathi. "Recent advances in understanding Japanese encephalitis." F1000Research 8 (November 13, 2019): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19693.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a clinical manifestation of the brain inflammation caused by JE virus (JEV). This virus imparts permanent neurological damage, thus imposing a heavy burden on public health and society. Neuro-inflammation is the hallmark of JEV infection. The prolonged pro-inflammatory response is due primarily to microglial activation, which eventually leads to severe encephalitis. A continual effort is going on in the scientific community toward an understanding of cellular and molecular factors that are involved in JEV neuro-invasion and inflammatory processes. This review not only gives a comprehensive update on the recent advances on understanding virus structure and mechanisms of pathogenesis but also briefly discusses crucial unresolved issues. We also highlight challenging areas of research that might open new avenues for controlling virus-induced neuro-inflammation.
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Peltzer, S. C., A. Hashem, V. A. Osten, M. L. Gupta, A. J. Diggle, G. P. Riethmuller, A. Douglas, J. M. Moore, and E. A. Koetz. "Weed management in wide-row cropping systems: a review of current practices and risks for Australian farming systems." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 5 (2009): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growing agricultural crops in wide row spacings has been widely adopted to conserve water, to control pests and diseases, and to minimise problems associated with sowing into stubble. The development of herbicide resistance combined with the advent of precision agriculture has resulted in a further reason for wide row spacings to be adopted: weed control. Increased row spacing enables two different methods of weed control to be implemented with non-selective chemical and physical control methods utilised in the wide inter-row zone, with or without selective chemicals used on the on-row only. However, continual application of herbicides and tillage on the inter-row zone brings risks of herbicide resistance, species shifts and/or changes in species dominance, crop damage, increased costs, yield losses, and more expensive weed management technology.
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Netikova, I., E. Sedlackova, B. Konopasek, and L. Petruzelka. "Therapy of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia after continual fluoropyrimidin administration with 10% uridin ointment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20690-e20690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20690.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e20690 Background: Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, so called hand -foot syndrom (HFS), is a common side effect and in many cases the limiting factor of chemotherapy with continual fluoropyrimidine administration. The exact mechanism of keratinocyte damage by fluoropyrimidins is as yet unknown, as well as effective therapy. Uridin was one of several chemicals that could influence cell metabolism of pyrimidins and is effective in case of HFS skin toxicity. The detailed pharmacological explanation of selective effect of uridin rescue has been missing. The local skin administration of uridin is proved to be efficient in patients with HFS; however, it works well only after 5-FU or capecitabine administration, but not as a prevention. This phenomenon is so far explained by displacing 5-FU from intracellular metabolic pathways due to the increased offer of uridine. Usage of an uridin ointment in spite of encouraging practical experiences has not been so far supported by any prospective randomized study. In many countries, including the Czech Republic, uridin is not registered for routine medical treatment. Methods: During the 2 years period 84 patients were treated with a fluoropyrimidin based chemotherapy (mainly capecitabin) with the 10% uridin ointment, 2–3 times daily and were followed. Number of chemotherapy cycles, a grade of HFS and it´s site, time of uridin local administration and a grade of HFS after treatment, were evaluted. Results: 16 patients have finished uridin treatment after first unit pack (100g). The reason was a change of therapy after tumor progresion or change of hospital. Next we evaluated a group of 68 patients. In 23 patients (34 %) we havent´t seen any effect. In 45 patients (66 %) decreasing of HFS intensity after 2 - 4 weeks of local administration about 1- 2 grades.1 pacient with alergic anamneses has developed atypical small white skin papulas. Other local or systemic allergic reactions were not observed. Conclusions: The 10% uridin ointment seems to be suitable as a supportive treatment for HFS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Tikkanen, Mikko, Michele Grieco, Markus Nurmi, Marjaana Rantala, Marjaana Suorsa, and Eva-Mari Aro. "Regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus under fluctuating growth light." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1608 (December 19, 2012): 3486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Safe and efficient conversion of solar energy to metabolic energy by plants is based on tightly inter-regulated transfer of excitation energy, electrons and protons in the photosynthetic machinery according to the availability of light energy, as well as the needs and restrictions of metabolism itself. Plants have mechanisms to enhance the capture of energy when light is limited for growth and development. Also, when energy is in excess, the photosynthetic machinery slows down the electron transfer reactions in order to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species and the consequent damage of the photosynthetic machinery. In this opinion paper, we present a partially hypothetical scheme describing how the photosynthetic machinery controls the flow of energy and electrons in order to enable the maintenance of photosynthetic activity in nature under continual fluctuations in white light intensity. We discuss the roles of light-harvesting II protein phosphorylation, thermal dissipation of excess energy and the control of electron transfer by cytochrome b 6 f , and the role of dynamically regulated turnover of photosystem II in the maintenance of the photosynthetic machinery. We present a new hypothesis suggesting that most of the regulation in the thylakoid membrane occurs in order to prevent oxidative damage of photosystem I.
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Tam, Paul Wing Ming, and Xue-qing Zhang. "Management of rubber dams in Hong Kong." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rubber dam is a relatively recent technological breakthrough. It was introduced to Hong Kong in the early 1960s. To date, a total of 20 rubber dams have been installed in Hong Kong. Most of the dams are used to impound water for irrigation. Due to its inflatable and deflatable characteristics, the rubber dam is excellent for flood mitigation and environmental protection. When a dam is inflated, it blocks water. When the river level reaches a preset value, the dam deflates automatically and the flood risk is reduced. Furthermore, silt deposits, debris, garbage, and animal wastes behind the dam can be removed by regular deflation. Much of the maintenance work required for rubber dams is related to punctures, which are simple to repair. The vulnerability of a rubber dam to damage by sharp objects or vandalism is the major disadvantage. Ceramic chips coating and stainless steel mesh have been used to strengthen the dam body against damage by sharp objects. Continual technological innovation is vital to the improvement of rubber dam performance. This paper highlights the various issues connected with rubber dam applications in Hong Kong, including procurement, construction, operation, maintenance, problems, and countermeasures.Key words: rubber dam, management, technological innovation, application, construction, operation, maintenance.
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Cui, Wenpeng, Yang Bai, Xiao Miao, Ping Luo, Qiang Chen, Yi Tan, Madhavi J. Rane, Lining Miao, and Lu Cai. "Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy by Sulforaphane: Possible Role of Nrf2 Upregulation and Activation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/821936.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study was to investigate whether sulforaphane (SFN) can prevent diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic mouse model induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin. Diabetic and age-matched control mice were given SFN at 0.5 mg/kg body weight daily for 3 months. At the end of 3-month SFN treatment, the diabetic nephropathy, shown by renal inflammation, oxidative damage, fibrosis, and dysfunction, was significantly prevented along with an elevation of renal Nrf2 expression and transcription in diabetes/SFN group compared with diabetic group. However, this renal prevention by SFN was not seen when the 3-month SFN-treated diabetic mice were aged for additional 3 months without further SFN treatment. Nrf2-mediated renal protective effects in diabetes were evaluated in human renal tubular HK11 cells transfected with control and Nrf2 siRNA and treated with 27.5 mM mannitol or high glucose plus palmitate (300 μM). Blockade of Nrf2 expression completely abolished SFN prevention of the profibrotic effect induced by high glucose plus palmitate. These results support that renal Nrf2 expression and its transcription play important roles in SFN prevention of diabetes-induced renal damage. However, the SFN preventive effect on diabetes-induced renal pathogeneses is not sustained, suggesting the requirement of continual use of SFN for its sustained effect.
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Lazic, Vesna, Ivana Vukoje, Bojana Milicevic, Biljana Spremo-Potparevic, Lada Zivkovic, Dijana Topalovic, Vladan Bajic, Dusan Sredojevic, and Jovan Nedeljkovic. "Efficiency of the interfacial charge transfer complex between TiO2 nanoparticles and caffeic acid against DNA damage in vitro: A combinatorial analysis." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 84, no. 6 (2019): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc181217017l.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The genotoxic and antigenotoxic behavior of the interfacial charge transfer (ICT) complex between nano-sized TiO2 particles and caffeic acid (CA) was studied in in vitro experiments. The formation of the ICT complex is indicated by the appearance of absorption in visible-spectral range. The continual variations method indicated bridging coordination between the ligand, caffeic acid, and the surface Ti atoms, while the stability constant of the ICT complex was found to be 1.5?103 mol-1 L. An agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical results, based on the density functional theory, was found. The ICT complex and its components did not display genotoxicity in the broad concentration range 0.4?8.0 mg mL-1 TiO2 at a mole ratio c(TiO2)/c(CA) = 8. On the other hand, post-treatment of damaged DNA by the ICT complex induced antigenotoxic effect at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, 5.125?10.250 mg mL-1 ICT, the ICT complex did not show any beneficial effect on H2O2-induced DNA damaged cells. The experimental data were analyzed using the combinatorial method to determine the effect of component interaction on the genotoxic and antigenotoxic behavior of the ICT complex.
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Grinčová, Anna, Miriam Andrejiová, and Peter Grendel. "Application the Renewal Theory to Determining the Models of the Optimal Lifetime for Conveyor Belts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 683 (October 2014): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.683.97.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Belt conveyance belongs to the continual transport systems characteristic with high-level conveying performances. Belt conveyors are of significant importance in the transportation of various types of materials in the industries like engineering, metallurgy and construction. The fundamental and the most expensive component of belt conveyors is the conveyor belt which is, during the operation on the belt conveyor, exposed to number of various loads that evoke the process of conveyor belt wear and damage. Lifetime of conveyor belts, which is the determining parameter for the belt conveyance economy and efficiency, is very important for the practice.Issues regarding the conveyor belt lifetime should be solved applying also the methods of operation analysis, especially the linear programming and the renewal theory that uses the theory of probability and mathematic statistics. The objective of our research was to determine the optimal lifetime (optimal performance duration) of a belt conveyor, applying the renewal theory, whereas the research was based on the cost approach of the renewal process.
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Wiltman, Stephanie, and April Chambers. "Weight Shifting Strategies and Discomfort during Prolonged Standing." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over half of the top ten occupations in the United States require prolonged standing, translating to nearly 3.2 million people who spend the majority of their workday standing ( Occupational Employment Statistics, 2014). Continual exposure to muscle fatigue, blood pooling, and cartilage compression due to prolonged standing may lead to long term injuries and damage. Current interventions show limited effectiveness in situ and in laboratory settings. The goal of this study is to investigate how weight shifting strategies may be used to alleviate discomfort. Seven subjects stood for one hour and reported their discomfort while weight distribution data was collected. Strategy significantly affected discomfort for overall tiredness (p < 0.0001), leg tiredness (p < 0.002), upper legs (p < 0.005), and feet (p < 0.0024). Those who use a moderate to full strategy reported less overall discomfort than moderate and full (p < 0.001) shifters. Standing strategy may minimize discomfort during the workday.
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MacLean, David A. "Impact of forest pests and fire on stand growth and timber yield: implications for forest management planning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impact of forest pests and fire on stand growth and timber yield is reviewed, with emphasis on spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)). Damaging agents reduce tree growth, kill trees, destroy the commercial value of stands, and sometimes reduce yield in subsequent rotations. Sustainable harvest may be reduced by up to 60% by a severe spruce budworm outbreak and up to 40% by a 1% per annum loss to fire. Serious overestimation of future timber supply can therefore result from the failure to allow for catastrophic or continual small losses caused by fire or biotic agents. Current efforts in New Brunswick to explicitly incorporate effects of spruce budworm defoliation into forest management planning are described, including research studies into protection planning and delivery, damage detection, and defoliation-based growth forecasting. An improved understanding of the impact of insects, disease, and fire on stand yield and methods to incorporate this information into timber supply analyses are essential to reduce uncertainty about future timber supply.
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Lauritzen, Knut H., Olve Moldestad, Lars Eide, Harald Carlsen, Gaute Nesse, Johan F. Storm, Isabelle M. Mansuy, Linda H. Bergersen, and Arne Klungland. "Mitochondrial DNA Toxicity in Forebrain Neurons Causes Apoptosis, Neurodegeneration, and Impaired Behavior." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 6 (January 11, 2010): 1357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01149-09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying changes in neurodegenerative diseases is often associated with apoptosis and a progressive loss of neurons, and damage to the mitochondrial genome is proposed to be involved in such pathologies. In the present study we designed a mouse model that allows us to specifically induce mitochondrial DNA toxicity in the forebrain neurons of adult mice. This is achieved by CaMKIIα-regulated inducible expression of a mutated version of the mitochondrial UNG DNA repair enzyme (mutUNG1). This enzyme is capable of removing thymine from the mitochondrial genome. We demonstrate that a continual generation of apyrimidinic sites causes apoptosis and neuronal death. These defects are associated with behavioral alterations characterized by increased locomotor activity, impaired cognitive abilities, and lack of anxietylike responses. In summary, whereas mitochondrial base substitution and deletions previously have been shown to correlate with premature and natural aging, respectively, we show that a high level of apyrimidinic sites lead to mitochondrial DNA cytotoxicity, which causes apoptosis, followed by neurodegeneration.
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Kant, Mani, and Shobha Shouche. "SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Without self-understanding we cannot hope for
Enduring solutions to environmental problems,
Which are fundamentally human problems.
—Yi-Fu Tuan, 1974
Human beings interact both with the social world and nature. Both, economic development and stable environment are required for the continual improvement of lifestyle and living standards of the people in the society and for the Earth Community as a whole. But until now, the development was human oriented and limited to rich nations. The development was achieved by damaging the environment and over exploitation of natural resources which were nonrenewable. That caused instability of environment and crossed the threshold limit of environmental damage.
The major challenge of our times is to find new and practical ways of drawing inspiration from the rich diversity of human experience as well as modern scientific insights in order to establish effective means of governing human behavior to ensure that we contribute to the prosperity of the whole Earth Community instead of destroying it.
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Jones-Held, Susan, Michael Held, Joe Winstead, and William Bryant. "Immediate and Delayed Effects of Severe Winds on an Old-Growth Forest in Kentucky: A Forty-Year Retrospective." Forests 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wind disturbance is an important factor that can affect the development of the forests of the Central Hardwood Region of the United States. However, there have been few long-term studies of the recovery of these systems following wind damage. Long-term studies of protected forest systems, such as Dinsmore Woods in Northern Kentucky, within the fragmented forest of this region are valuable as they provide a resource to document and understand the effect of both abiotic and biotic challenges to forest systems. This study is a 40-year analysis of both overstory and understory changes in the forest system at Dinsmore Woods as the result of damage caused by severe winds in the spring of 1974. The forest was surveyed before and immediately following the windstorm and then at 10-year intervals. Although the windstorm had an immediate effect on the forest, the pattern of damage was complex. The forest canopy (diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 30 cm) experienced an irregular pattern of damage while in the subcanopy (DBH ≤ 30 cm) there was a 25% reduction in total basal area. However, the major effects of the windstorm were delayed and subsequently have altered forest recovery. Ten years following the disturbance declines were seen in total density and basal area in the canopy and subcanopy of the forest as a consequence of windstorm damage. In the past 20 years the total basal area of the canopy has increased and exceeds the pre-disturbance total basal area. In contrast, the subcanopy total basal area continued to decline 20 years post-disturbance and has not recovered. Further openings in the canopy and subcanopy due to the delayed windstorm effects helped to establish a dense understory of native shrubs and sugar maple which have affected tree regeneration and is reflected in the continual decline in species diversity in the subcanopy and sapling strata over the 40-year period.
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Cao, Mengtao, and Shunde Yin. "Study on the Tri-axial Time-Dependent Deformation and Constitutive Model of Glauberite Salt Rock under the Coupled Effects of Compression and Dissolution." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solution mining for glauberite salt rock is a long-term process that takes several years to several decades. Therefore, deposit deformations and subsidence of ground surfaces are time-dependent deformation problems that should consider the effect of water dissolution. In order to investigate the time-dependent deformation characteristics of glauberite salt rock, tri-axial time-dependent deformation tests were conducted under the condition of 4 MPa confining pressure and 5 MPa axial pressure with infiltration pressures of 3, 2, 1, and 0 MPa, respectively, and the micro-CT scan system was used to scan the glauberite specimens before and after the experiment in order to study the fracture evolution inside the specimen, and a damage constitutive model was established to fit the time-dependent deformation curves based on the damage mechanics and effective stress principle. To simulate the solution mining process, the time-dependent deformation process of glauberite salt rock was divided into three stages: hydraulic connection stage, water-saturated stage, and drainage stage. The results demonstrate that the hydraulic connection time for glauberite salt rock decreases with increasing infiltration pressure. The time-dependent deformations of the specimens at the hydraulic connection and saturated-water stages are significantly affected by the effective stress and continual mineral dissolution. At the drainage stage, the softening degree of the solid skeleton mechanical properties, which is caused by the dissolution effect and infiltration pressure loading history, decides the deformation of glauberite salt rock. In addition, the degree of softening inside glauberite salt rock caused by dissolution becomes more severe with increasing infiltration pressure using the micro-CT scan technology. Lastly, the time-dependent damage constitutive model is able to describe the tri-axial time-dependent deformation behavior of glauberite salt rock, and the variations of time-dependent deformation parameters further indicate the damage evolution of the solid skeleton mechanical properties of glauberite caused by infiltration pressure and dissolution effect.
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Nakamura, Mitsutoshi, Jeffrey M. Verboon, and Susan M. Parkhurst. "Prepatterning by RhoGEFs governs Rho GTPase spatiotemporal dynamics during wound repair." Journal of Cell Biology 216, no. 12 (September 18, 2017): 3959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201704145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Like tissues, single cells are subjected to continual stresses and damage. As such, cells have a robust wound repair mechanism comprised of dynamic membrane resealing and cortical cytoskeletal remodeling. One group of proteins, the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), is critical for this actin and myosin cytoskeletal response in which they form distinct dynamic spatial and temporal patterns/arrays surrounding the wound. A key mechanistic question, then, is how these GTPase arrays are formed. Here, we show that in the Drosophila melanogaster cell wound repair model Rho GTPase arrays form in response to prepatterning by Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), a family of proteins involved in the activation of small GTPases. Furthermore, we show that Annexin B9, a member of a class of proteins associated with the membrane resealing, is involved in an early, Rho family–independent, actin stabilization that is integral to the formation of one RhoGEF array. Thus, Annexin proteins may link membrane resealing to cytoskeletal remodeling processes in single cell wound repair.
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Mueller, M. E., D. A. Sanchez, H. L. Bergman, D. G. McDonald, R. G. Rhem, and C. M. Wood. "Nature and Time Course of Acclimation to Aluminum in Juvenile Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). II. Gill Histology." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gill samples from juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) acclimated to low-level aluminum at pH 5.2 showed severe damage by day 4, with necrosis and fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells. Over the following 20 d, there was a continual process of repair with proliferation and hypertrophy of mucous cells. Qualitative analysis of gill samples plus physiology and mortality data collected in a companion study indicated progressive development (by day 10 onward) of increasing acclimation to Al. Quantitative analysis of gill samples on day 13 showed that mucous cell volume density had tripled and mucous cell area had doubled in Al-exposed fish compared with control fish. A lamellar fusion index showed evidence of fusion in Al-exposed fish by day 4 with recovery to nearly control levels by day 13. Physiological disturbances appear to be directly related to the histological changes observed in the gill epithelium. At the cellular level, changes in either mucous cell production and secretion or changes in mucus chemistry contribute, in part, to acclimation to Al.
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Sciubba, Daniel M., Daniel Liang, Karl F. Kothbauer, Joseph C. Noggle, and George I. Jallo. "The Evolution of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery." Operative Neurosurgery 65, suppl_6 (December 1, 2009): ons84—ons92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000345628.39796.40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objective: Resections of intramedullary spinal cord tumors were attempted as early as 1890. More than a century after these primitive efforts, profound advancements in imaging, instrumentation, and operative techniques have greatly improved the modern surgeon’s ability to treat such lesions successfully, often with curative results. Methods: We review the history of intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery, as well as the evolution and advancement of technologies and surgical techniques that have defined the procedure over the past 100 years. Results: Surgery to remove intramedullary spinal cord tumors has evolved to include sophisticated imaging equipment to pinpoint tumor location, laser scalpel systems to provide precise incisions with minimal damage to surrounding tissue, and physiological monitoring to detect and prevent intraoperative motor deficits. Conclusion: Modern surgical devices and techniques have developed dramatically with the availability of new technologies. As a result, continual advancements have been achieved in intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery, thus increasing the safety and effectiveness of tumor resection, and progressively improving the overall outcomes in patients undergoing such procedures.
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Peake, David, James Black, Elias Kumbakumba, Sheillah Bagayana, Celestine Barigye, Peter Moschovis, Ivan Muhumuza, et al. "Technical results from a trial of the FREO2 Low-Pressure Oxygen Storage system, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): e0248101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased access to reliable medical oxygen would reduce the global burden of pneumonia. Oxygen concentrators have been shown to be an effective solution, however they have significant drawbacks when used in low-resource environments where pneumonia burden is the heaviest. Low quality grid power can damage oxygen concentrators and blackouts can prevent at-risk patients from receiving continual oxygen therapy. Gaps in prescribed oxygen flow can result in acquired brain injuries, extended hypoxemia and death. The FREO2 Low-Pressure Oxygen Storage (LPOS) system consists of a suite of improvements to a standard oxygen concentrator which address these limitations. This study reports the technical results of a field trial of the system in Mbarara, Uganda. During this trial, oxygen supplied from the LPOS system was distributed to four beds in the paediatric ward of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Over a three-month period, medical-grade oxygen was made available to patients 100% of the time. This period was sufficient to quantify the ability of the LPOS system to deal with blackouts, maintenance, and an unscheduled repair to the LPOS store.
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Mohammed, Fatima, Abbas Khalaf Muhammad Al-Hamidawi, Mustafa Hasan Azeez AL-buhayder, and Thifaf Jasim Mohammed. "Sustainable Materials Production for Oily Wastewater Treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 961, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The discharge of water from oil fields It has become one of the most significant environmental concerns associated with the oil sector. Hydrocarbon spills and crude oil fuel spills are a continual hazard to aquatic ecosystems. Inexpensive and sustainable sorbent materials are needed to mitigate the environmental damage of this pollution. To meet this need, this study features a low-density polysulfide polymer prepared by Sulfur and used cooking oils react directly. Since both sulfur and cooking oils are hydrophobic, the polymer is close to hydrocarbons such as crude oil and diesel fuel and can easily remove them from seawater. Oil can be recovered and polymer can be reused in oil spill treatment. Polysulfide is unique in that it is prepared from completely recycled waste. Sulfur is a by-product of the petroleum industry, and used cooking oil can also be used as a raw material. Therefore, waste sulfur from the petroleum industry is used to make effective anti-pollution adsorbents from the same sector According to the study’s findings, 98.55 percent of the oil was removed from the north.
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Ahmad, Saleem, Kye-Young Koh, Dae-Sung Yoo, and Jae-Il Lee. "Spatial Variation in Risk for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N6 Viral Infections in South Korea: Poultry Population-Based Case–Control Study." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given the substantial economic damage caused by the continual circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks since 2003, identifying high-risk locations associated with HPAI infections is essential. In this study, using affected and unaffected poultry farms’ locations during an HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we identified places where clusters of HPAI cases were found. Hotspots were defined as regions having clusters of HPAI cases. With the help of the statistical computer program R, a kernel density estimate and a spatial scan statistic were employed for this purpose. A kernel density estimate and detection of significant clusters through a spatial scan statistic both showed that districts in the Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do provinces are more vulnerable to HPAI outbreaks. Prior to the migration season, high-risk districts should implement particular biosecurity measures. High biosecurity measures, as well as improving the cleanliness of the poultry environment, would undoubtedly aid in the prevention of HPAIV transmission to poultry farms in these high-risk regions of South Korea.
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Hünger, K. J., H. Wollgarn, R. Rathnow, and R. Frey. "Zum Reaktionsverhalten präkambrischer Grauwacken im alkalischen Milieu von Betonen / The reactions of precambrian greywackes in an alkaline pore solution of concretes." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 4, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-1998-5291.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Two precambrian greywackes GW1A and GW1C with different structures were investigated to describe their reaction behaviour in concrete. A portlandcement CEM I, 32,5 with a high alkali content (Na2O-eq. = 1,4 %) was used. The soluble constituents of the greywackes in the alkaline pore solution of the concrete were determined by using a special method of chemical concrete analysis. The concrete samples were storaged in a special fog chamber at 40 °C and 100 % rel. humidity until to 9 month. The following conclusions can be given: 1 The concrete samples which were made with greywacke GWIA show a damage value of about 4 to 5 by means of rifts observed. Analogeous to the damage it can be found that the concentration of the soluble constituents which were release from greywacke begins at zero and increases continual}· until the end of the investigation. A specific discussion of several soluble oxides shows enormous differences between the reactivity of certain constituents investigated. 2 The concrete samples which were manufactured with greywacke GWIC show a damage value of about 1...2 only. But the quantity of the soluble constituents which come from the greywacke is higher. Characteristically here is a shoot up of the soluble constituents after beginning of the cement hydration process. After this the content of the soluble constituents decreases again. This behaviour in chemical reactivity of greywacke investigated can be declared by different structures. The mainly differences between both the GWIA and the GWIC were the size of the greywacke constituents. The chemical reactivity which was determined immediately after the alkali attack of the pore solution of the hardened cement and the macroscopical reactivity observed by means of rifts after 9 month are not the same.
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Hearn, G. J., and J. R. Hart. "Engineering on the precipice: the performance of mountain road rehabilitation in the Central Cordillera of the Philippines." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 53, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 542–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2019-152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parts of the Central Cordillera of Luzon are among the most challenging locations on Earth in which to build and maintain transport infrastructure, a situation perhaps most epitomized by the Halsema Highway. Since its original construction in the 1920s, the highway has undergone phased improvement and has become a socio-economic lifeline to the rural communities it serves. Unfortunately, in 1990, continuing road improvement works had to be abandoned owing to the outcome of a 7.8 Ms earthquake and the effects of subsequent typhoon damage. Earthquake reinstatement works were designed in 1998 and constructed between 2001 and 2006. The engineering geological challenge this posed was compounded by the effects of severe typhoon rains during the reconstruction period, requiring continual assessment of changing slope and drainage conditions. Since construction, the road has been affected by several new typhoons including, most notably, Typhoons Pepeng and Ompong in 2009 and 2018 respectively. Field inspections in 2010 and 2018, combined with the interpretation of satellite imagery available in Google Earth, have allowed the performance of the works implemented between 2001 and 2006 to be assessed and the outcome has been largely favourable. Very little of the recorded damage has occurred in the locations of earthquake reinstatement. Instead, several new areas of slope failure and subsequent blockage and damage to the road have developed. Many of these areas can be explained with respect to their underlying engineering geology and geomorphology. However, there are just as many that owe their origin to the pattern of rainfall and runoff arising during the passage of individual and successive typhoons, modified significantly by drainage management practices in the road corridor, where engineering serviceability and land use practices sometimes have conflicting objectives.
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Ulieme, Raven E., Surjania Awer, John C. Stagg, Wilson Yau, and Worlanyo E. Gato. "The hepatic effects in dams that ingested 2-aminoanthracene during gestation and lactation." Toxicology and Industrial Health 35, no. 9 (September 2019): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233719875018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diabetes mellitus has been on a continual rise as one of the top chronic diseases to affect individuals worldwide. The goal of this study was to determine how exposure from a well-known toxicant, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon called 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), could potentially lead to diabetes, damage the liver, and have negative effects to the offspring. Humans are exposed to 2AA from foods cooked in high heat and tobacco smoke, among others. To analyze the effects of 2AA, three groups of Sprague Dawley dams consumed an adulterated 2AA diet from gestation to their postnatal period. Timed-pregnant dams ingested 0 mg/kg (control group (C)), 50 mg/kg (low dose group (LD)), and 100 mg/kg (high dose group (HD)) 2AA. Hepatic gene expressions of Adam8, Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, Cdkn1c, and Ddit4 indicated a significant overexpression of Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, and Cdkn1c in treated groups. Although there was no significant difference in the damage to the liver architecture by 2AA, the positively stained CD68+ cells were slightly increased in treated rats. Significant decreases in the albumin and aspartate aminotransferase levels might indicate an inflammatory response from 2AA exposure in dams. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration was also decreased, in contrast to studies of liver cirrhosis that reported increased serum IgA concentration. Overexpression of genes Ddit4, Cdkn1c, Ccng1, Bax, CD93, and CD68 point to hepatic inflammation and apoptosis. Overall results suggest a link between environmental 2AA exposure and adverse liver effects, which has potential to increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and other diseases.
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Parrish, Sarah. "A Study of Defects in High Reliability Die Sort Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 000463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract For high-reliability microelectronics with uses in aerospace, defense, automotive, and medical applications, in-line visual inspection during the die sort process allows for a higher quality and more robust process for generating known-good-die. The visual inspection serves three primary functions: verifying unique device characteristics (such as bumps, MEMS structures, waveguides, etc.), verifying the device is free from singulation defects, and verifying the die sort process induces no device damage. Performing a visual inspection of the die top surface and one edge during the pick and place process allowed qualification of a non-surface contact edge grip approach for sensitive surface MEMS and optoelectronic parts. Die 100 microns thick or less were also inspected to ensure no cracking during the die pick process. For continual process reliability improvement and optimization, the inspection results must be captured and logged along with incoming product details including the wafer ID, electrical test results, and chip ID. This logged information is then traceable to the die position in the output medium. As new device manufacturing technology is implemented, this screening for process-induced defects is required for a robust manufacturing process.
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Lian, Xugang, Yanjun Zhang, Hongyan Yuan, Chenlong Wang, Junting Guo, and Jibo Liu. "Law of Movement of Discontinuous Deformation of Strata and Ground with a Thick Loess Layer and Thin Bedrock in Long Wall Mining." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The surface discontinuous deformation caused by coal mining has great damage to the ecological environment and threatens the safety of human lives. Focusing on the problem of discontinuous deformation (ground fissures and collapsed pits) in mining areas with a thick loess and thin bedrock, this paper uses a coal panel in southern Shanxi in China as research background, and uses field investigation, theoretical analysis and the particle flow code 2D (PFC2D) numerical simulation method to study the movement of overburden and discontinuous ground deformation of mining areas with a thick loess layer and a thin bedrock. The results show that with the continual advance of the working face, the failure of the overlying rock, the changing of force chain shape and the development of cracks under this geological and mining condition have their unique rules. This study analyzes the law of movement of overburden in coal seam mining, explains why discontinuous deformation of the surface occurs in case of a thick loess layer and thin bedrock, and provides reference for the prediction of fracture development under the same geological conditions and the application of the PFC2D in coal seam mining in different geological conditions.
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Meech, James, Christopher Crabtree, and Zoltán Rácz. "Star Type Wireless Sensor Network for Future Distributed Structural Health Monitoring Applications." Inventions 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A star type wireless sensor network based on nine-axis micro-electromechanical inertial motion sensors with the potential to include up to 254 sensor nodes is presented, and an investigation into the mechanical and structural effects of bell ringing on bell towers is presented as a possible application. This low-power and low-cost system facilitates the continual monitoring of mechanical forces exerted by swinging bells on their support and thus helps avoid structural degradation and damage. Each sensor measures bell rotation, and a novel method utilising only the instantaneous rotational angle is implemented to calculate the force caused by bell ringing. In addition, a commonly used, however, previously experimentally unconfirmed assumption that allows great simplification of force calculations was also proven to be valid by correlating predicted theoretical values with measurement data. Forces produced by ringing a 1425 kg bell in Durham Cathedral were characterised and found to agree with literature. The sensor network will form the basis of a toolkit that provides a scalable turnkey method to determine the exact mechanisms that cause excessive vibration in mechanical and architectural structures, and has the potential to find further applications in low-frequency distributed structural health monitoring.
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Zhou, Yuning, Qingding Wang, Heidi L. Weiss, and B. Mark Evers. "Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 increases intestinal goblet cell differentiation through an mTOR/Notch signaling pathway." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 18 (September 15, 2014): 2882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Previously, we have shown that the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is involved in the regulation of intestinal enterocyte differentiation. Here we show that treatment with sodium chloride (NaCl), which activates NFAT5 signaling, increased mTORC1 repressor regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) protein expression and inhibited mTOR signaling; these alterations were attenuated by knockdown of NFAT5. Knockdown of NFAT5 activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and significantly inhibited REDD1 mRNA expression and protein expression. Consistently, overexpression of NFAT5 increased REDD1 expression. In addition, knockdown of REDD1 activated mTOR and Notch signaling, whereas treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin repressed Notch signaling and increased the expression of the goblet cell differentiation marker mucin 2 (MUC2). Moreover, knockdown of NFAT5 activated Notch signaling and decreased MUC2 expression, while overexpression of NFAT5 inhibited Notch signaling and increased MUC2 expression. Our results demonstrate a role for NFAT5 in the regulation of mTOR signaling in intestinal cells. Importantly, these data suggest that NFAT5 participates in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis via the suppression of mTORC1/Notch signaling pathway.
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Chen, Yi-An, Chung-Pai Chang, Wei-Chia Hung, Jiun-Yee Yen, Chih-Heng Lu, and Cheinway Hwang. "Space-Time Evolutions of Land Subsidence in the Choushui River Alluvial Fan (Taiwan) from Multiple-Sensor Observations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land subsidence is a significant problem around the world that can increase the risk of flooding, damage to infrastructure, and economic loss. Hence, the continual monitoring of subsidence is important for early detection, mechanism understanding, countermeasure implementation, and deformation prediction. In this study, we used multiple-sensor observations from the Continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS), the small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm, interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR), precise leveling, multi-layer compaction monitoring wells (MLCWs), and groundwater observation wells (GWs) to show the spatial and temporal details of land subsidence in the Choushui River alluvial fan (CRAF), Taiwan, from 1993 to 2019. The results showed that significant land subsidence has occurred along the coastal areas in the CRAF, and most of the inland subsidence areas have also experienced higher subsidence rates (>30 mm/yr). The analysis of subsidence along the Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) revealed a newly formed subsidence center between Tuku and Yuanchang Townships in Yunlin, with high subsidence rates ranging from 30 to 70 mm/yr. We propose a map showing, for the first time, the distribution of deep compactions occurring below 300 m depth in the CRAF.
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Rezende, Izabela Maurício, Leonardo Soares Pereira, Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico, Marcelo Antônio Pascoal Xavier, Pedro Augusto Alves, Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo, Elaine Speziali, et al. "Late-Relapsing Hepatitis after Yellow Fever." Viruses 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One patient presented hyporexia, asthenia, adynamia, and jaundice two months after acute yellow fever (YF) onset; plus laboratory tests indicating hepatic cytolysis and a rebound of alanine and aspartate transaminases, and total and direct bilirubin levels. Laboratory tests discarded autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory or metabolic liver disease, and new infections caused by hepatotropic agents. Anti-YFV IgM, IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected in different times, but no viremia. A liver biopsy was collected three months after YF onset and tested positive for YFV antigens and wild-type YFV-RNA (364 RNA-copies/gram/liver). Transaminases and bilirubin levels remained elevated for five months, and the arresting of symptoms persisted for six months after the acute YF onset. Several serum chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors were measured. A similar immune response profile was observed in the earlier phases of the disease, followed by more pronounced changes in the later stages, when transaminases levels returned to normal. The results indicated viral persistence in the liver and continual liver cell damage three months after YF onset and reinforced the need for extended follow-ups of YF patients. Further studies to investigate the role of possible viral persistence and the immune response causing relapsing hepatitis following YF are also necessary.
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Chu, Y., C. L. Wu, C. C. Holbrook, and P. Ozias-Akins. "Conditions that Impact Artificial Hybridization of Arachis hypogaea L." Peanut Science 43, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps16-11.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Modern farming is dependent on continual development of improved cultivars and efficient cultural management practice. In addition, dissecting genetic components of heritable traits also relies on the development of large mapping populations. Artificial hybridization is the critical initial step in these processes. Peanut is a self-pollinating crop with a typical yield of less than three seeds per flower; therefore, significant effort is required to produce sufficient hybrid seeds for subsequent trait selection and/or establishment of mapping populations. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multiple factors on the success rate of artificial hybridization assessed by transmission of molecular markers unique to the paternal parent. Multiple peanut genotypes were crossed with a breeding line homozygous for both high oleic acid and nematode resistance. The impacts of operator, pollination time, flower integrity, genotype and environment on hybridization were evaluated. Data indicated that operator, pollination time and environment significantly affected the success rate of peanut hybridization. Pods from runner type parental plants that contain hybrid seeds were more likely to contain single seeds than those derived from self-pollination. Hybrid seed loss due to seed rot and peg damage reduced yield. Improving hybridization success rate by increasing humidity, decreasing temperature, personnel training and greenhouse management is recommended.
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Iqbal, Asif, Hazwani Suhaimi, Wei Zhao, Muhammad Jamil, Malik M. Nauman, Ning He, and Juliana Zaini. "Sustainable Milling of Ti-6Al-4V: Investigating the Effects of Milling Orientation, Cutter′s Helix Angle, and Type of Cryogenic Coolant." Metals 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ti-6Al-4V, the most commonly used alloy of titanium, possesses excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, which is the prime reason for the continual rise in its industrial demand worldwide. The extraordinary mechanical properties of the alloy are viewed as a hindrance when it comes to its shaping processes, and the process of milling is no exception to it. The generation of intense heat flux around the cutting zones is an established reason of poor machinability of the alloy and unacceptably low sustainability of its machining. The work presented in this paper attempts to enhance sustainability of milling Ti-6Al-4V by investigating the effects of milling orientation, cutter’s helix angle, cutting speed, and the type of cryogenic coolant and lubricant on the sustainability measures, such as tool damage, cutting energy consumption, process cost, milling forces, and work surface roughness. It was found that micro-lubrication is more effective than the two commonly used cryogenic coolants (carbon dioxide snow and liquid nitrogen) in reducing tool wear, work surface roughness, process cost, and energy consumption. Furthermore, down-milling enormously outperformed up-milling with respect to tool wear, work surface quality, and process cost. Likewise, the high levels of cutter’s helix angle and cutting speed also proved to be beneficial for milling sustainability.
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Buchholz, Kerry R., and Richard S. Stephens. "The Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Induces the Inflammatory Factor Interleukin-8 following Chlamydia trachomatis Infection." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 12 (September 24, 2007): 5924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01029-07.
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ABSTRACT Diseases associated with Chlamydia infection, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy, are due to inflammation-mediated tissue damage and scarring that occur after chronic or repeated infections. The inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is produced by Chlamydia-infected cells through an endogenous mechanism of activation, independent of soluble factors in the supernatant. The host signaling pathways necessary for this response are not understood, but the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been shown to be activated at similar times as IL-8 mRNA up-regulation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the MAPK pathways necessary to induce the endogenous IL-8 response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection of epithelial cells. IL-8 induced by infection with C. trachomatis L2 was shown to be dependent on ERK and independent of p38 and Jun N-terminal MAPK by use of chemical inhibitors of the signaling pathways. Persistent ERK activation during IL-8 mRNA production at 24 h postinfection was necessary to maintain the response. C. trachomatis serovar D also induced IL-8 in an ERK-dependent manner. We concluded that IL-8 induced during infection of epithelial cells is dependent on continual activation of ERK by C. trachomatis.
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Langley, David J. "Digital Product-Service Systems: The Role of Data in the Transition to Servitization Business Models." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031303.
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The Circular Economy, as a guiding model for business processes, is attracting interest due to its potential for aligning business and societal goals as it offers companies the opportunity to simultaneously focus on economic value creation and on the mitigation of environmental damage. It is becoming increasingly clear that digital technologies are an essential component of this model as they enable transparency and efficiency in closing material and energy cycles. Additionally, digitalization leads to efficient business models that revolve around adapting the value proposition to the insights gained from the continual analysis of data, shifting the emphasis of Product-Service Systems towards the service end of the spectrum. As such, these new business models are categorized as forms of Servitization. Despite the increasing importance of Servitization and digitalizing business processes, such as the move towards what is referred to as Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing industry, the associated transition towards widespread adoption of the principles of the Circular Economy is slow. This explorative study investigates key themes and challenges in transitioning towards digitally-enabled Servitization in the manufacturing industry and the relationship with the Circular Economy. Through interviews with experts from the realms of digital technology, Industry 4.0, and business sustainability, a set of research questions is developed that forms a research agenda.
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Nabi, Showkat Ul, Andleeb Khan, Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui, Muneeb U. Rehman, Saeed Alshahrani, Azher Arafah, Sidharth Mehan, Rana M. Alsaffar, Athanasios Alexiou, and Bairong Shen. "Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Malfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Therapeutic Hope." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (May 14, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4759963.
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Mitochondria play a critical role in neuron viability or death as it regulates energy metabolism and cell death pathways. They are essential for cellular energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, Ca++ homeostasis, aging, and regeneration. Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are thus essential processes in the quality control of mitochondria. Improvements in several fundamental features of mitochondrial biology in susceptible neurons of AD brains and the putative underlying mechanisms of such changes have made significant progress. AD’s etiology has been reported by mitochondrial malfunction and oxidative damage. According to several recent articles, a continual fusion and fission balance of mitochondria is vital in their normal function maintenance. As a result, the shape and function of mitochondria are inextricably linked. This study examines evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant early impact on AD pathology. Furthermore, the dynamics and roles of mitochondria are discussed with the link between mitochondrial malfunction and autophagy in AD has also been explored. In addition, recent research on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in AD is also discussed in this review. It also goes into how these flaws affect mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, advanced therapy techniques and lifestyle adjustments that lead to improved management of the dynamics have been demonstrated, hence improving the conditions that contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
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Kong, Anthony, James Good, Amanda Kirkham, Joshua Savage, Rhys Mant, Laura Llewellyn, Joanna Parish, et al. "Phase I trial of WEE1 inhibition with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment, and a window of opportunity trial with cisplatin in patients with head and neck cancer: theWISTERIAtrial protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e033009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033009.
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IntroductionPatients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with locally advanced disease often require multimodality treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy is offered to patients with high-risk pathological features postsurgery. While cure rates are improved, overall survival remains suboptimal and treatment has a significant negative impact on quality of life.Cell cycle checkpoint kinase inhibition is a promising method to selectively potentiate the therapeutic effects of chemoradiation. Our hypothesis is that combining chemoradiation with a WEE1 inhibitor will affect the biological response to DNA damage caused by cisplatin and radiation, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes, without increased toxicity. This trial explores the associated effect of WEE1 kinase inhibitor adavosertib (AZD1775).Methods and analysisThis phase I dose-finding, open-label, multicentre trial aims to determine the highest safe dose of AZD1775 in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy preoperatively (group A) as a window of opportunity trial, and in combination with postoperative cisplatin-based chemoradiation (group B).Modified time-to-event continual reassessment method will determine the recommended dose, recruiting up to 21 patients per group. Primary outcomes are recommended doses with predefined target dose-limiting toxicity probabilities of 25% monitored up to 42 days (group A), and 30% monitored up to 12 weeks (group B). Secondary outcomes are disease-free survival times (groups A and B). Exploratory objectives are evaluation of pharmacodynamic (PD) effects, identification and correlation of potential biomarkers with PD markers of DNA damage, determine rate of resection status and surgical complications for group A; and quality of life in group B.Ethics and disseminationResearch Ethics Committee, Edgbaston, West Midlands (REC reference 16/WM/0501) initial approval received on 18/01/2017. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and presentation at international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN76291951andNCT03028766.