Дисертації з теми "Contexte Sud"
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Dinh, Xuan Cuong. "Le Viêt-Nam dans le contexte de l'intégration régionale." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40001.
Повний текст джерелаIn our thesis, we tried to justify Vietnam's choice of regional integration. The country joined ASEAN in 1995 while seeking to develop its economy in order to catch up with other countries and expecting to enjoy the dynamism in the region. Its membership seems to result from its efforts in the field of economic liberalisation as well as openness which were carried out at the beginning of its Doi Moi. It is also a result of its global strategy to diversify its relationship to come out of the political insulation. Once the country's choice to proceed to regional economic integration is justified, it is necessary to identifydevelopment strategies which will enable the country to converge towards the level of development of its neighbours. In fact, since the economic recession in the middle of 1980's, South-East Asian countries have been commited to outward economic strategy which relies essentially on export and foreign direct investment. We have come to the conclusion that this strategy remains a good track which would help Vietnam further integrate into the region
Théry-Parisot, Isabelle. "Economie du combustible et paléoécologie en contexte glaciaire et périglaciaire : paléolithique moyen et supérieur du sud de la France (anthracologie, expérimentation, haptonomie)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010574.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper is a systemic study of fuel economy at six palaeolithic sites. The fuel economy is the outcome of several dynamically interacting factors : the nature of the settlements, their fuel requierments, quality and quantity of available fuel. The elements wich determine the economic system are examined as well as elements that may confuse the issue such as human selection, differential combustion and post depositional processes. The results along with the fuel proporties of wood, bone and lignite, that we have determinated by the way of experimentation, allow us to propose an economic model of fuel use in six palaeolithic settlements in southern France. The available biomass in each settlement, as determined by charcoal analysis indicates no simple relationship exists between fuel availability and fuel utilization. Differential use is the result of several factors such as available biomass, properties of the various fuel, their accessibility and use restrictions on use and the intensity of associated activities
Bouchard, Christian. "Le contexte énergétique des petites îles du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien." Agence Régionale de l’Énergie Réunion (ARER), 2005. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/329.
Повний текст джерелаMonloubou, Jean-Marie. "Les relations Sud-Sud à l'épreuve : le Brésil et l'Afrique dans le contexte des échanges économiques afro-latino-américains." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D019.
Повний текст джерелаEconomic relations between africa and latin america are as yet of secondary importance. Brazil, however, has gained prominence as an economic partner over the last twenty years. This development cannot be explained simply in economic terms: it corresponds to a cultural reality and to a political choice as well. An analysis of this phenomenon leads to consideration of "nic-ldc" and "south-south" relations in general. Economic exchange between africa and brazil appears to be lacking in specificity. It tends on the whole to resemble the relation between other industrials countries and the ldc's. An analysis of comparative advantages does not suggest that brazilian companies have a particular gift for "adapting technology" to the "local context" of africa. But if brazil's membership in the "south" has been contested by some authors, on account of the role of foreign capital in brazilian firms, the southern orientation does seem to be confirmed by the role of state and the public sector. But the conditions under which transactions occur have not given rise to a new international trade ethic, in conformity with the guiddines of the n. I. E. C. Brazil and a number of african countries are traditional rivals on the commodities market. The history of trade in coffee and cocoa over the last 25 years is studied in order to determine whether competitive strategies have changed. In spite of a few noteworthy but limited achievements, it would be difficult to argue that the new relations have taken hold. The originality of brazil's penetration into africa has resulted more from the dynamism of its businesses, the assistance of the governments, and a certain socio-cultural skills, than from a well defined "difference" of approach. Economic relations between brazil and africa are certainly favorable to the countries concerned in that they have diversified economic exchange and increased economic competition
Lacombe, Jean-Paul. "Les hommes de Paijan (Pérou) dans le contexte précéramique archai͏̈que et paléoindien de l'Amérique du Sud." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10533.
Повний текст джерелаChevillotte, Violaine. "Morphogenèse tropicale en contexte éprirogénique modéré : exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (Pacifique Sud-Ouest)." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NCAL0011.
Повний текст джерелаDoherty, Jean-François. "Phénologie et modèles prévisionnels d'éclosion printanière pour trois arthropodes ravageurs en plantation commerciale d'arbres de Noël dans un contexte de changements climatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27826.
Повний текст джерелаThe balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus and the spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis are two pests of economic importance for the Christmas tree industry in Québec. Current climate change could affect their biology and physiology in such a way that, if their local densities in commercial fir plantations grow in the future, potential damage to cultivated firs could increase substantially. In order to study the interactions between M. abietinus, its host tree, and ambient temperature, I followed populations of the aphid during three consecutive summers in commercial fir plantations of southern Québec. I found it possible to separate overlapping generations of different morphs of this aphid in growing colonies on fir shoots, which allowed to record a proportion of wingless daughters several times larger than previously known for this aphid in its complex life cycle. Based on a field experiment, a warmer environment surrounding the aphids on balsam fir shoots increased spring colony growth rates significantly, when compared to unaltered colonies on neighbouring trees. These results support the hypothesis that a warmer climate, caused by anthropogenic change, would promote higher densities of M. abietinus on fir shoots, which could increase esthetic damage to Christmas trees. In a laboratory experiment, I studied the effect of ambient temperature on postdiapause development of the overwintering eggs of both aphid and mite species, along with that of another conifer-feeding pest, the pine needle scale Chionaspis pinifoliae, which led to parametrise new linear and nonlinear development rate models for postdiapause egg development of all three species. Finally, by following fresh mass of M. abietinus overwintering eggs throughout their diapause of several months, it was possible to observe a substantial increase in size and mass of these eggs in early spring, suggesting that water could trigger diapause termination and/or initiate embryogenesis of the first active stage.
Roubertie, Lorraine. "La transmission du jazz en Afrique du Sud : penser l'héritage d'un enseignement inégalitaire dans le contexte post-apartheid : l'exemple du Western Cape." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/172295378#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаFor more than a century South Africa has been a place where the jazz idiom has been re-appropriated by specific and autonomous means. This exists in urban popular contexts, where people were subjected to racial oppression. This acculturation process happens both at musical and symbolical level, jazz being a model of a non-white counter-modernity. This music status has evolved after the end of apartheid, but it still carries some specific values that accompany the period of reconstruction of the country. Today, new questions arise for the new generations of musicians who face a global cultural standardisation which is seen as a new identity dissolution threat. These questions result sometimes in the temptation to go back to the roots, the nostalgia of a mythic golden age of non-white creation, or in the will to exceed apartheid’s imaginary. This thesis tries to shed light on these psycho-social mechanisms and their musical expressions. It questions and analyses jazz education processes in post-apartheid South Africa. Its two central questions ask the following: firstly, what are the methods used in this very specific context to teach a music which is characterized by improvisation and flexible handling of musical rules? Secondly, what does it mean to teach a music named jazz in South Africa in the 2000s, more specifically, what kind of identity constructions are attached to the idea of jazz, particularly when one speaks of South African jazz, or even of Cape Jazz?
Le, Menestrel Sara. "Constructions identitaires et contexte touristique : l'exemple des cadiens du sud-ouest de la Louisiane (États-Unis)." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100185.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research is to demonstrate the role of tourism on the cajun identity building process. Since the seventies, cajuns have been the object of an increasing tourist promotion, which is the result of the rehabilitation of their culture after a long debasement, and the necessity to diversify an economy devastated by the oil crisis. The louisiana french want to take advantage of this popularity, conferring on tourism an essential role in the group's self-awareness. The french movement's activists strive to develop tourism, perceived as an asset in the revitalization of the french language, and in some rural communities, individuals of french descent devote themselves to the promotion of local culture, determined to enhance it and encourage its perpetuation. Tourism also directs black creoles strategies, for long overshadowed by the cajuns in the tourist image, who have started to mobilize in order to assert their distinct identity. The admitted existence of common cultural traits to creoles and cajuns is not sufficient to attenuate the color line between the two groups, which emerges virulently in the tourist realm. If the establishment of a tourist policy reveals social divisions and lies in the heart of conflicts of power, it also represents a way to strengthen social ties in the rural communities. By presenting the group's history and traditions, tourism reinforce its collective memory and participates to its recognition by outsiders. While the ethnic revival feeds cultural tourism, the latter ascribes to the group an attractiveness and an economic value which cause its pride, legitimize its worth and participate to the construction of a positive identity. Among other points, the way cajuns internalize the touristic image shows that what is performed is not only intended for the other, but is part of the group's internal strategies and can be invested with a meaning in its view
Yerriah, Jocelyne. "Le Thermominéralisme carbo-gazeux du sud-est de la France (domaine sédimentaire) dans son contexte sismotectonique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601899q.
Повний текст джерелаLacombe, Jean-Paul. "LES HOMMES DE PAIJÁN (PEROU) DANS LE CONTEXTE PRECERAMIQUE ARCHAIQUE ET PALEO-INDIEN DE L'AMERIQUE DU SUD." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400792.
Повний текст джерелаBayet, Théophile. "Caractérisation de l'inclusivité des systèmes de vision par ordinateur basés sur l'apprentissage profond pour les pays du Sud." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS129.
Повний текст джерелаModern global changes, such as climate change and the sixth mass extinction, are profoundly disrupting our societies and ecosystems. New technologies, including machine learning, are both aggravating factors and potential means of mitigating the challenges posed by these changes. In 2015, the United Nations established the Sustainable Development Goals to assess the ecological impact and the risks for populations, revealing that the countries of the South are the furthest from achieving the objectives of this framework. Countries with limited digital infrastructures deploy less machine learning models, encountering a problem of context shift due to inconsistency between training and deployment data. In computer vision, this shift is exacerbated by the absence of data from southern countries in the training sets, leading to reduced model performance.In this thesis, we bridge the gap between artificial intelligence for sustainable science and the inclusivity of computer vision systems. We show how previous approaches to demonstrating the lack of inclusivity of current vision systems have overlooked important aspects of the problem, such as the formalisation of geographical bias and the metrics that reflect its impact. This has led us to propose a protocol for formalising bias, based on the identification of a source, a type and an impact in order to characterise it. This protocol has been implemented for geographical bias, initially on synthetic data. As known synthetic databases do not have a geographical bias, we create synthetic datasets with geographical biases, inspired by previous synthetic modifications of the MNIST database. We use these to test the implementation of our protocol and demonstrate its usefulness. We then experiment with the protocol on real data for characterising western bias in vision systems, and find that the results obtained are different from those expected, going against observations in previous academic work. We carry out a visual analysis of these results at different levels of granularity in an attempt to understand them and to propose possible themes for future research. In the end, we highlight the presence of concomitant biases, elements that make up the geographical bias but have different impacts that the main entity. These concomitant biases prevent the characterisation of the geographical bias by influencing the predictions of the models.We therefore show how the problem of characterising geographical bias is more complex than it might at first appear, what the current pitfalls are and what avenues are being pursued to remedy the problems encountered. Overall, we offer the scientific community tools to better understand the problems of deploying models in developing countries, in order to better understand the challenges of these deployments for applications in sustainable science
Vieira, Posada Edgar. "Développements régionaux d'espaces sous-nationaux, transfrontaliers et transnationaux : une option pour l'intégration de l'Amérique latine : analyse des possibilités sud-américaines et colombiennes dans le contexte de l'intégration européenne et latino-américaine." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030124.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to identify the reasons to Latin American difficulties in the process of integrating within a globalized context; and to suggest a new formulation of this integration through a regions’ perspective, with a more active participation of civil society. It has been taken into consideration the circumstances in each states´ period of independence and formation, and the lack of results in the process of integration in the XIX and XX centuries. The previous issues have been analyzed within a framework of various theories that refer to integration processes and to the regional development of the European Union. The configuration of sub-national spaces in Colombia has also been analyzed, as well as the development of regional cross-border spaces with neighboring countries, issues that, accompanied with infrastructural improvement, will result in the construction of new Latin American and South American transnational spaces, supporting the region’s development
Paquet, Marine. "Pétrogenèse des MORB en contexte de dorsale ultralente : exemple de la dorsale Sud-Ouest Indienne entre 61°-67°." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC070.
Повний текст джерелаThe easternmost part of the Southwest Indian Ridge (61°-67°E) is an end-member of the global ridge system in terms of very low magma supply. As such, it is a good laboratory to investigate the effect of melt-mantle interactions on the composition of erupted basalts: for a given volume of erupted basaltic melt, the volume of reacted mantle is potentially greater than at more magmatically robust ridges. We analyzed major, trace element and isotopic compositions in three groups of rocks : plagioclase-bearing ultramafic and gabbroic rocks dredged in nearly amagmatic spreading corridors; basalts from the sparse volcanic cover of these corridors ("ultramafic seafloor basalts"); and basalts dredged from the intervening, more volcanically active domains ("volcanic seafloor basalts"). Ultramafic seafloor basalts have significantly lower CaO and A1203 contents at a given MgO than most volcanic seafloor basalts. We observe no systematic isotopic or trace element variations between ultramafic and volcanic seafloor basalts, on- and off-axis. This suggests that these two types of basalts are derived from the same mantle source, which appears to be isotopically homogeneous for the past 8. 8 Myrs. We propose that both types of basalts are derived from similar parental melts, but that the ultramafic seafloor basalts are more affected by reactions between these parent melts and the mantle rocks in the lithosphere below the ridge. We infer that these reactions occur in the walls of conduits that allow the aggregated melts extracted from the melting mantle to rise through the axial lithosphere and to the eruption sites. The principal effect of these reactions is to enrich the asthenospheric melts in MgO through olivine dissolution. This effect is not expected to be as noticeable, but could still play a role in basait petrogenesis at more magmatic regions of the global slow-spreading MOR system. Alter moderate fractional crystallization that forms gabbros, reacted liquids can rise to the eruption sites, or be trapped in the lithosphere where they fractionate oxide gabbros. Oxide gabbros occur as intrusions or dikes in the peridotites. The minerai compositions of these oxide gabbros cannot be reproduce by a simple fractional crystallization model, suggesting reaction processes between the evolved melt and previously fractionated gabbroic rocks, and between the evolved melt and mantle host rocks
Rakotovao, Andrianjakavah Prosper. "Contexte géologique et métallogénique des minéralisations en émeraude du gisement de Ianapera, bloc du Vohibory, Sud-Ouest de Madagascar." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/648/.
Повний текст джерелаThe Ianapera Region is located in the northeastern reaches of the Neoproterozoic Vohibory tectonic block of southern Madagascar, in the Ampanihy shear zone. Field mapping, together with airborne geophysical and satellite data interpretation, allowed us to define the thus far-suspected suture zone separating Proto-Madagascar (Azania) to the high-grade terrains of the Mozambique belt. We named it the Ianapera Suture Zone. Among other evidence, is the discovery of an elongated alkaline complex, to date unknown in the Vohibory area, which we named the Mahabo Massif. Within this complex, we report the second African occurrence of magmatic corundum-bearing syenite, which we dated at 562±20 Ma by U-Th-Pb on monazite. We suggest that the Ianapera deposit represents another example of suture zone-related emerald deposit, such as the Mananjary emerald deposit, which is associated to the Betsimisaraka suture of eastern Madagascar. The Ianapera emerald deposit outcrops on the western limb, not far from the hinge, of a tightly folded structure, the Ianapera antiform. Emerald mineralization occurs mostly within phlogopite veins in mafic and ultramafic units, which are strongly altered to amphibolite and a temolite-talc-dolomite rock, respectively. Pegmatites are commonly closely associated to the mineralization, albeit not in all cases. Based on the presence or absence of pegmatite veins near the emerald occurrences, we define a proximal and a distal style of mineralization. The pegmatites are genetically related to alkaline granite, part of the Mahabo Massif. Based on colour and compositional variations, we could distinguish three types of emeralds. The principal chromophore element is chromium for all emerald types; vanadium contents are very low or nil. Noteworthy, some emeralds in this deposit have the most Al-depleted, Cr-rich composition ever recorded. Another characteristic feature of the Ianapera deposit is the association of some emeralds with scapolite (silvialite) in amphibolite. .
Menras, Caroline. "Les industries lithiques de trois occupations de plein air (étude techno-économique et typologique) et leur place dans le contexte Moustérien du Languedoc Méditerranéen : Le Cadénas (Bédarieux, Hérault), Les Cours (Plaissan, Hérault), Le Serre du Coucouyon (La Capelle-et-Masmolène, Gard)." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30087.
Повний текст джерелаMediterranean Languedoc is a vast region in Southern France where Mousterian occupations, mainly concentrated in the eastern sector, are numerous. In this region the Mousterian is known through early typological studies of stone assemblages from cave sites following Bordes’ methodology (Bordes, 1950). The three open air sites presented in this dissertation (two surface sites : the Cadénas and the Cours and one stratified site : the Serre du Coucouyon), as yet unpublished, have yielded lithic series from methodical excavations and collection. Presently, the Cadénas and the Cours are rare evidence of the Mousterian presence in the central part of Languedoc, while the Serre du Coucouyon is situated in the eastern sector of this region. The techno-economical approach used to analyse these three stone assemblages has brought to light variability in Neandertal behaviour concerning raw material collection and economy in sectors more or less rich in siliceous resources, and also concerning the different production systems used and their goals. Comparisons made with other Mousterian stone assemblages in Languedoc (Prentégarde, Brugas, Roquette II…) seem to indicate ties with certain sites from the Rhône Valley. Although these three open air occupations are known only through their stone industries, they contribute to a better understanding of Mousterian occupation management in Mediterranean Languedoc
Poda, Rogation. "La politique communautaire dans le contexte global des rapports Nord-Sud : enjeux, perspectives et spécificités à l'égard du Tiers-Monde." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100071.
Повний текст джерелаMondeguer, André. "Bassins sédimentaires en contexte extensif et décrochant : l'exemple du complexe des fosses sud-tanganyika, rift est-africain. Morphostructures et sédimentation." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2031.
Повний текст джерелаPaulo, Amadeu Antonio. "Motivation et enseignement/apprentissage du Français langue étrangère. Etude de cas : élèves angolais de la région sud (collégiens et lycéens)." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1004.
Повний текст джерелаIn a school context, teaching and learning are both determined by the learner’s motivation status in lessons of French as a foreign language. An active participation is required from the pupil for learning especially since, as far as a foreign language is concerned, learning very often entails a more important psychological commitment than in other school subjects. The learner should prove a complete availability and involvement in learning activities, which is far from being the case: in the Southern region of Angola in our scope of interest, the secondary school children prove very passive in lessons of French as a foreign language.In this work we have been above all wondering why a recurring passive attitude and a behaviour of evasive efforts, even a troublemaking one, mainly occur specifically in lessons of French as a foreign language. Is it due to a lack of motivation? If yes, what would then be the deep causes of it, as motivation simply results from other factors? The answers to these interrogations are based on a set of questionnaires sent to pupils, teachers and to pupils’ parents and on observing pupils’ behaviour and teachers’ practice in lessons of French as a foreign language. Thus the results obtained enabled us to answer to questions asked beforehand. For helping improve teaching/learning French as a foreign language we built up proposals of teaching remediation in accordance to difficulties met in the field
Couchoud, Isabelle. "Étude pétrographique et isotopique de spéléothèmes du sud-ouest de la France formés en contexte archéologique : contribution à la connaissance des paléoclimats régionaux du stade isotopique 5." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13266.
Повний текст джерелаLongépée, Esméralda. "La résilience des systèmes socio-écologiques des États atolliens dans le contexte du changement climatique : le cas de Kiribati (Pacifique Sud)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe threats to states entirely composed of atolls from climate change and associated sea-level rise have been widely publicized. The Republic of Kiribati is an atoll country situated in Pacific Ocean settled by 100,000 inhabitants. Over the past centuries, the atoll communities of Kiribati have developed natural resource management systems that have enabled their survival. Over the past decades, globalization has caused rapid changes, especially regarding lifestyles and relationships of atoll communities to their natural environment. Given the highly integrated nature of the societal system and the ecosystem in the atolls, this thesis addresses the question of the future of atoll countries in the context of climate change by studying the resilience of their social-ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. This thesis postulated that an assessment of social-ecological resilience of climate- and marine-related disturbances required a preliminary analysis of their general resilience. Such assessments are based on conceptual models made from interviews and surveys and from the analysis of aerial imagery. The future of atoll countries is discussed considering different scenario: adaptation, transformation, migration and collapse
Sondo, Dieudonné. "Les minéralisations en or de Bouroum-Sud (NE du Burkina-Faso ; Afr. Occ. ) dans leur contexte géologique et structural : approche métallogénique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066658.
Повний текст джерелаGHAFIRI, ABDESSAMAD. "Paleosismicite de failles actives en contexte de sismicite moderee : application a l'evaluation de l'alea sismique dans le sud-est de la france." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112055.
Повний текст джерелаBendel, Valérie. "Cadre géologique et composition des minéralisations hydrothermales en contexte arrière-arc : exemple de la dorsale du bassin nord fidjien (sud ouest Pacifique)." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2003.
Повний текст джерелаLapointe, Mathilde. "La santé et le bien-être des Inuit vivant à Montréal : perspectives, expériences et ressources en contexte urbain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68413.
Повний текст джерелаThis study explores the way Inuit who live permanently in Montreal perceive their health and their ability to maintain and restore it in their local urban context. In partnership with the Qanuikkat Siqinirmiut? project, this research in medical anthropology aims to contribute to a knowledge base on the health and well-being of Inuit living in southern Quebec. Rooted in a critical and post-colonial perspective, the analysis of the ethnographic data collected during this fieldwork focuses on urban Inuit’s perspectives of their health and well-being, as well as their capacity to maintain or restore it, according to the institutional, community and personal resources available in Montreal. As part of the macro-social analysis, we explore how colonization is a historical, political and economic process that still influences participants' options, choices and behaviours regarding their ability to maintain or restore their health and well-being in an urban context. At the meso-social level, we focus on their perspectives and experiences within the professional (the public health system and non-insured health services) and alternative (community and personal resources) sectors of healthcare. Finally, at the microsocial level, we are seeking to capture how participants live, negotiate and define their health and their well-being in order to emphasize the outlines of their conceptualization of these notions. Four dimensions (physical, mental, cultural/identity and social) emerged from the analysis of the popular sector, a sector where depictions of health are individually and collectively defined.
Chorfi, Kamel. "La prise en compte du contexte économique et social dans le plan d'aménagement forestier intégré : le cas des forêts de genévrier du Sud Kirghizistan [Asie Centrale]." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004420.
Повний текст джерелаCrassard, Rémy. "Apport de la technologie lithique à la définition de la préhistoire du Hadramawt, dans le contexte du Yémen et de l'Arabie du Sud." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00423980.
Повний текст джерелаL'étude se base ainsi, dans un premier temps, sur la définition des contextes, à la fois environnementaux et méthodologiques. Intervient ensuite une étude dans une région particulière, le Hadramawt, qui sert de référent solide à une dernière étape du raisonnement, laquelle s'intéresse à la place qu'a occupée l'Arabie du Sud-Ouest au cours des différentes époques de la préhistoire. À partir des témoignages les plus anciens (bifaces acheuléens et méthodes Levallois), jusqu'aux plus récents (microlithes sudarabiques), en passant par une étude approfondie des industries de l'Holocène ancien/moyen, la démonstration s'appuie sur un nombre importants de modalités de taille.
La description des techniques employées au cours du temps autorise la proposition de modèles de peuplements et d'occupations préhistoriques à travers le territoire du Yémen actuel. La découverte de plusieurs sites stratifiés permet par ailleurs de réorganiser la terminologie chronologique employée dans la région et d'ouvrir des perspectives de recherche jusque là mésestimées.
Mahéo, Gweltaz. "Formation et exhumation de roches de haute température en contexte de collision continentale : exemple des dômes migmatitiques néogène du sud Karakorum (NE Pakistan)." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10198.
Повний текст джерелаMwene-batu, Lyabayungu Pacifique. "Malnutrition durant l’enfance, maladie chronique, capital humain à l’âge adulte dans le contexte de l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo (Sud-Kivu)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/327226.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Low- and middle-income countries are going through a nutritional transition phase that is accompanied by a rapid increase in cardio-metabolic diseases and their risk factors, such as obesity in adults, while undernutrition still predominates in children in these regions. This double burden of malnutrition constitutes a major public health problem. According to the theory of developmental origins of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), these 2 burdens would be closely causally linked. The objective of our study was to trace subjects with a history of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood, to assess their long-term socioeconomic, cognitive, and health outcomes, and finally to investigate the different cardiometabolic markers of NCDs. All this was done in order to establish an association between SAM during childhood and different chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemias and body composition) as well as with socio-demographic and economic status in adulthood, in a context without nutritional transition.Methodology: Records of subjects admitted for SAM between 1988 and 2007 were retrieved from the archives of Lwiro Hospital, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Between December 2017 and April 2019, we undertook to identify these subjects in the Miti-Murhesa and Katana health zones. Study subjects were identified from the Lwiro Pediatric Hospital (LPH) database. They were then traced to their home villages. They were then divided into four categories (living in or near the village, deceased, displaced, or lost to follow-up). For each former malnourished found, a community non-exposed was randomly selected for comparison. Our outcomes of interest were primarily NCDs including primarily metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, global obesity, visceral obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias as well as body composition assessed by their different clinical and biological markers and, secondarily, renal impairment through serum creatinine level. Secondly, we evaluated the human capital through the socio-economic level (deduced from the education, the profession and the living conditions), the self-esteem, the cognitive disorders as well as the daily disabilities on the relational and functional level related to the health condition. It should be noted, however, that at the time of reconstitution of the cohort, we collected data on survival (and its corollary, mortality and its causes) and long-term nutritional status.Results: A total of 1981 records of subjects admitted for SAM from 1988 to 2007 were retrieved from the archives of the LPH. The median age at admission was 41 months. Six hundred subjects were found and 201 subjects died. 65.6% of the deceased subjects were ≤10 years of age at death. 59.2% of deaths occurred within 5 years of hospital discharge. The leading causes of death were malaria (14.9%), kwashiorkor (13.9%), respiratory infections (10.4%), and diarrheal diseases (8.9%). Compared to the unexposed, the exposed had low weight (-1.7 kg, p=0.001), short stature [sitting (-1.3 cm, p=0.006) and standing (-1.7 cm, p=0.003)], shorter leg length (-1.6 cm, p=0.002), and small brachial circumference (-3.2 mm, p= 0.051). There were no differences in BMI, chest length, and head or chest circumference between the 2 groups.In terms of BC, exposed, compared to unexposed, had a reduced FFM [-1.56 kg (-2.93, -0.20); p=0,024] but this observation was more marked in exposed males (45.4 5.4 vs. 48.2 6.9 kg, p=0.01) than females compared to unexposed. However, no difference between exposed and unexposed was observed in terms of FM. Finally, adjusting for height, FFMI and FMI show no difference in either sex.In terms of human capital, compared to the community unexposed, the proportion with high education and socioeconomic status (SES) of formerly malnourished was decreased [study (35.2 vs. 46.4; p 0.); SES (3.0 vs. 6.7; p= 0.007)]. In addition, in terms of cognition and self-esteem, compared to the non-exposed, the formerly malnourished had lower scores on cognitive tests [25.6 vs 27.8, p = 0.001 (MMSE) and 22.8 vs 26.3, p < 0.001 (MMSE-I)] and had lower self-esteem (20.3% vs 12.3%; p = 0.003) Nevertheless, in terms of health-related disabilities, they had less disability in relationships (28.6 vs. 31.5; p = 0.034) than the general population, although no difference was observed in daily activities (5.8 vs. 9.1; p = 0.322).In terms of NCDs, compared to the community unexposed, the malnourished elders had an increased waist circumference [+1.2 (0.02, 2.3) cm, p=0.015] and a higher waist/standing height ratio [0.01 (0.01, 0.02) cm; p0.001]. On the other hand, they had a decreased hip circumference [-1.5 (-2.6, -0.5) cm; p=0.021], and reduced muscle strength. Regarding cardiometabolic markers of NCDs, apart from a higher HbA1c [+0.4 % (0.2, 0.6); p0.001], no differences were found in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, creatinine, lipid profile and albumin levels in the exposed compared to the unexposed. Compared to unexposed individuals, exposed individuals had an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.35 (1.22, 4.54); p=0.010], visceral obesity [adjusted OR 1.44 (1.09, 1.89); p=0.001] and leanness [adjusted OR 1.92 (1.03, 3.57)]. In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight and dyslipidemia was similar in both groups.Conclusion: SAM in childhood puts survivors at high risk for NCDs and reduced human capital in adulthood, even in the absence of subsequent nutritional transition. Policymakers and funders interested in combating the global expansion of NCDs in adults might consider the long-term benefit of reducing SAM in childhood as a preventive measure to reduce the socioeconomic burden attributable to NCDs.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
STARO, FRANCESCO. "Anthropologie politique et gestion de l’eau en contexte pastoral. Réconfigurations socioéconomiques et identitaires chez les Garri du sud éthiopien entre Etat et ONG." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/136103.
Повний текст джерелаCe travail analyse les dynamiques de reconfiguration socio-économique et identitaire auprès des groupes pastoraux habitant les régions rurales au sud de l’Ethiopie, à la frontière avec le Kenya. Les formes d’organisation sociale qui règlent l’accès à l’eau sont considérées en tant que principal outil d’analyse pour comprendre les dynamiques socio-culturelles de ces régions, et cela par la mise en exergue des relations, historiques et contemporaines, entre les populations locales, les autorités étatiques et les organisations internationales du développement et de l'aide humanitaire. Nous analysons les formes d’organisation sociale chez les populations nomades en prêtant une attention particulière aux problématiques d’eau, et plus largement au rapport entre « nature » et « société », dans l’étude de ces groupes. La complexité de l’imbrication sociale de l’eau, ressource dont le caractère naturel et ici mis en question, nous porte à focaliser sur d’autres domaines « extra-hydriques » : les processus de construction des identités ethniques dans les régions du sud-est éthiopien ; les enjeux liés aux intérêts de l’Etat éthiopien visant à incorporer les nomades dans l’ordre politique national ; les stratégies de contrôle du territoire mises en place par les populations locales vis-à-vis de l’Etat et des opérateurs des organisations internationales. Dans ce cadre, l’intervention d’acteurs internationaux est examinée en prenant en compte l'histoire des relations entre populations locales et ONGs – qui se trouve inscrite dans les points d’eau – et en situant les projets de développement dans la perspective dynamique d'une interaction et négociation matérielle et symbolique.
Nguyen, Anh Tung. "Accroissement de la compétitivité de la compagnie Vietnam Airlines dans le contexte de libéralisation du transport aérien et de l'apparition des compagnies à bas coûts en Asie du Sud-Est." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24006.
Повний текст джерелаEsnault, Olivier. "Diversité des agents pathogènes de l’abeille dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Océan Indien dans un contexte d’invasion récente de Varroa destructor et mortalités associées." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0044/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a key species in its native range for both ecosystem services offerred and for bee products. However, its populations are subject to various biotic stressors responsible for significant mortalities. In the South-West Indian Ocean region the endemic bee subspecies is A. m.unicolor. However, no studies had been carried out on its pathosphere and it is only since 2010 where the ectoparasite Varroa destructor invaded some of these islands, threatening this subspecies, that first studies were conducted. In this thesis work, we carried out a general inventory of the health of honeybee herds through descriptive epidemiological surveys in the majority of islands: Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar and Seychelles. We were able to show quite similar epidemiological facies between islands, characterized by a dominance of Nosema ceranae especially in small islands (80-100%) and the presence of 3 viruses: BQCV (4-89%), CBPV (2- 51% except in Rodrigues) and DWV (4-40% except in Reunion). Other pathogens have only been found in certain territories such as Aethinatumida, Braula pretoriensis, Acarapis sp. or Melissococcus plutonius. The analysis of the genetic diversity carried out on the 3 viruses showed a proximity of viral strains within the SOOI. Surveys conducted in a context without varroa showed good colony health with no clinical signs. The observed mortalities concerned only the territories invaded by varroa: Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion. Varroa therefore appears to be the main cause of acute colony mortality in the area long before other pathogens or environmental causes. Its impact on bee populations and ultimately on native ecosystems will be evaluated in future years
Chelala, Hilda. "Du traumatisme à la résilience chez les élèves dans les classes primaires dans le contexte de la guerre de juillet 2006 au Liban-sud." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720407.
Повний текст джерелаMathieu, Jérôme. "Etude de la macrofaune du sol dans une zone de déforestation en Amazonie du sud-est, au Brésil, dans le contexte de l'agriculture familiale." Paris 6, 2004. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01342197.
Повний текст джерелаBeroule, Benoit. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la chaîne logistique pharmaceutique dans un contexte multi-sites : application au groupe hospitalier de la région Mulhouse et sud Alsace." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to study and improve the logistical aspects of the hospitals group named "Groupement Hospitalier de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace" (GHRMSA). Our study focuses on the problematics of the pharmacy of the Emile Muller hospital at Mulhouse in France, which is dedicated to become the central pharmacy of the group. This new consideration implies to centralize several pharmaceutical processes such as the medical devices management which are mandatory for surgical operations. This work is divided into two different parts on the management of surgical devices.Indeed, as a first step we study the optimization of the layout to store surgical devices. The special characteristics of the pharmaceutical environment compared to the industrial one are used to propose methods to design layouts of the warehouse in order to minimize the average distance traveled by the employees during the picking phase. First, we define a linear mathematical model and a dedicated heuristic but also two other methods hybridizing the latter with genetic algorithms and branch and bounds. In order to improve this work and prepare the future, we also propose methods to optimise the routing of the employees to completes endowment lists using a transport vehicle with a multi level storing policy. The use of such a vehicle implies the following constraints: u-turn impossibility, imposed traffic direction and respect of the transport capacity. Any of theses constraints can be considered or not in order to create a model as near as possible of the real world.As a second step, we propose surgical operations scheduling methods. This work focuses on the assignment of the needed surgical devices boxes. The purpose is to improve the decision between the operating theaters of each site of the hospital group and the sterilization service in order to smooth the sterilization workload and to improve the reactivity in case of emergencies or any other unexpected problems. To solve the scheduling problem, we define a linear mathematical model as well as a particle swarm optimization algorithm to create surgical operations plannings which minimize the number of needed surgical devices boxes. Moreover, we extend the initial problem with the transport between hospital locations, and present a method to create plannings for surgical operations and for the delivery of the surgical boxes to minimize the global cost considering the parameters of the transport system
Ponthus, Léandre. "Origine, évolution et mise en place d'un pluton alcalin récent en contexte intraplaque océanique : exemple du complexe sud de Rallier du Baty, Kerguelen (T.A.A.F.)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30052/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of this alkaline plutonic complex was multidisciplinary, mixing field observations and measurements, AMS, petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry (major and traces), isotopic geochemistry Rb / Sr and Sm / Nd and geochronology U-Pb on zircons. The synthesis of the results shows the minor participation of several sources (metasomatised mantle and continental fragments) in addition to the predominant source which is the typical asthenospheric mantle of the Kerguelen plume. In a dynamic and open magmatic system, the contaminated magmas formed the oldest magmatic and calcic series of the complex. The second and younger magmatic series produced (in a closed environment) more and more agpaitic rocks during differentiation. The incremental emplacement of the intrusions occurred between 11.7 (in the south) and 7.9 Ma (in the north). Finally, the type of construction of this pluton makes it a unique known example of laccolith in oceanic within-plate settings
Vita, Ndugumbo. "La reconstruction de l'éducation en contexte «d'après-guerre» en République démocratique du Congo : visions et rôles des acteurs et des bénéficiaires d’enseignement dans le développement du curriculum d’enseignement secondaire technique et professionnel au Sud-Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25570.
Повний текст джерелаThis Systems Approach Modeling Integral Action Research (SAMIAR) Cardinal and Morin (1994) take its place in the context of the reconstruction of education in the Democratic Republic of Congo, more precisely in the province of South Kivu. Indeed, reducing the gap between curriculum requirements, and social needs that secondary technical and vocational education should meet, is the main concern of this study. This gap is reflected in terms of mismatch between the needs of society and the teaching curriculum on the one hand, and on the other hand, in terms of lack of consistency between the skills in technical and vocational secondary education skills for the labor market. The literature about the development of the educational curriculum in various contexts, mainly in post-war contexts, has revealed how the beneficiaries and educational actors evolve in educational curriculum development (OECD, 1995; Lenoir and Bouillier-Oudot, 2006; Goddard, 2007; Trabelsi and Dubois, 2006; Benavente, 2006; Obura, 2003; Sinclair, 2005). The theoretical framework, symbolic interactionism (Coulon, 1993, Le Breton, 2004) supported by systems thinking (Bausch, 2001; Checkland, 1981; Lapointe, 1995; Morin, 2010) has allowed us to understand how, from the experiences and the visions of beneficiaries and the actors of teaching, can we develop and/or adjust the technical and vocational secondary education curriculum, and develop guiding principles of an action plan and its implementation to meet the emerging needs in the province of South Kivu in the post-war context. We use the Soft Systems Methodology to understand the complexity of the problem situation of education in South Kivu. Using two research techniques: focus groups and participation in the Round Table, we obtained results that meet our research objectives. These results relate to the visions of education and skills development in the teaching curriculum to meet emerging needs: need peace, social security, socio-economic and educational needs. Finally, the perceptions of the actors on the problematic situation of teaching were used to update the action changes to the education curriculum. To improve the current situation map, we have developed guiding principles for the design and implementation of action of a South Kivu technical and vocational education curriculum.
Hinault, Catherine. "Catholiques et protestants dans le sud-ouest du Québec,des années 1830 à 1920." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030209.
Повний текст джерелаCross-cultural relationships, complete with conflictual overtones and strategic dealings, have been part and parcel of the fabric of Quebec history. This work sets out to analyse these crosscultural phenomena at work in Catholic and Protestant relationships in South-Western Quebec from the 1830’s to 1920, mainly through the lens of the growing French-Protestant community. Before offering a typology of those who opted for Evangelical Protestantism in this rural context, I have first thoroughly gone through the ways of the process of conversion/acculturation as experienced by those who dared transgress confessional boundaries and the reasons why they chose to do so. I have then argued that this conversion was, to a higher or lesser degree, closely intertwined with the then prevailing Victorian ethos, and overwhelmingly translated into a staunch loyalty towards the British empire, a complex and controversial posture to adopt for any French Canadian in that colonial context. Particular attention was finally paid to the relations between Catholics and Protestants, French and English-speaking, as they lived their lives from day-to-day, in an attempt to appraise the prevailing idea that these relations were perenially conflictual or at best, on a footing of reciprocated indifference
Staro, Francesco. "Anthropologie politique de la gestion de l'eau en contexte pastoral. : reconfigurations socio-économiques et identitaires chez les Garri du sud éthiopien entre Etat et ONG." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080068/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyzes socio-economic reconfigurations among pastoral groups living in the southern Ethiopian lowlands on the border with Kenya. Forms of social organization that regulate water access are considered as the main analytical tool for understanding the socio-cultural dynamics in these regions, highlighting historical and contemporary relationships between pastoralists, state authorities and international aid actors.Our approach consists of merging two research axes: the analysis of pastoral social systems and the importance of water issues as part of a wider relationship between nature and society. The social embeddedness of water leads us to focus on the processes of ethnicity, which is used as a tool to analyze nomads’ incorporation in a national political order as well as their local strategies vis-à-vis the State. In this context, the involvement of international aid actors is examined, taking into account the history of NGO intervention and by locating development projects in a dynamic perspective of a material and symbolic negotiation
« Antropologia politica della gestione dell’acqua in contestopastorale. Riconfigurazioni socioeconomiche ed identitarie presso i Garri del sud Etiopia traStato e ONG »Questa tesi analizza i processi di riconfigurazione sociale ed economica presso lepopolazioni pastorali nelle aree rurali del sud Etiopia, al confine con il Kenya. Le formed’organizzazione che regolano l'accesso all'acqua sono considerate come il principalestrumento per comprendere le dinamiche socio-culturali di queste regioni, evidenziando lerelazioni storiche e contemporanee tra le popolazioni locali, le autorità statali e leorganizzazioni internazionali dello sviluppo dell’aiuto umanitario.La nostra problematica é stata formulata analizzando, da un lato, i sistemi socialipastorali e, dall’altro lato, l’importanza della gestione dell’acqua e più in generale delrapporto tra natura e società nello studio di queste popolazioni. La complessità sociale dellarisorsa idrica ci porta a considerare il processo di costruzione delle identità etniche, l’interessedello stato etiope ad incorporare i nomadi nell'ordine politico nazionale e le strategie dicontrollo del territorio messe in atto dalla popolazione locale. In questo contesto, analizziamoil ruolo delle ONG e le dinamiche di negoziazione materiale e simbolica che hanno luogo nelquadro dei progetti di sviluppo.Se la gestione dei sistemi di irrigazione rappresenta il centro di interesse predominantenella letteratura antropologica sull’acqua, la gestione delle risorse idriche fornisce unaprospettiva di ricerca centrale per lo studio delle società pastorali. Il nostro punto di partenzaè la decostruzione della categoria analitica del « pastore nomade » per rendere conto deifattori economici, politici e socio-culturali in gioco nell’organizzazione dei sistemi sociali edelle pratiche di mobilità pastorali. A tal proposito mostriamo come gli stereotipi riguardol’irrazionalità ecologica della popolazioni pastorali hanno legittimato progetti di sviluppoagricolo e programmi di sedentarizzazione. Adottando un approccio simile a quello utilizzatoper la categoria di « pastore nomade », critichiamo un’idea dell’acqua come semplice risorsanaturale o come risorsa rara per analizzare il rapporto tra la gestione dell’acqua e ledinamiche più ampie di cambiamento sociale. In particolare, sviluppiamo l'analisi dell’acquacome operatore simbolico: a causa dell’associazione tra fattori socio-culturali e ambientalinell'organizzazione dell’accesso ai pozzi, l'acqua rappresenta una risorsa vitale per i pastori eper la riproduzione della comunità
Werner, Jutta. "Nomades entre marginalisation, entreprenariat et conflits : stratégies des éleveurs mobiles du sud du Maroc face aux bouleversements du contexte pastoral et aux impératifs d'un développement durable /." Weikersheim : Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2769910&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Повний текст джерелаWerner, Jutta. "Nomades entre marginalisation, entreprenariat et conflits stratégies des éleveurs mobiles du sud du Maroc face aux bouleversements du contexte pastoral et aux impératifs d'un développement durable." Weikersheim Margraf, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2769910&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Повний текст джерелаOlive, Valérie. "Etude géochimique de la dualité accrétion-subduction dans les Appalaches du Quebec méridional : genèse de magmas boninitiques en contexte orogénique." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30270.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Faouder Antoine. "Caractérisation géochimique (déséquilibres 230Th/238U, isotopes Sr, Nd et Pb, éléments en traces) du volcanisme de dorsale en contexte d'interaction point chaud dorsale : Cas des bassins marginaux du Sud Ouest Pacifique et de la dorsale Centrale Indienne." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2039.
Повний текст джерелаStudying U series disequilibria in young lavas (<10kyr) is a powerful tool for understanding magma genesis and transfer such as time constraints of melt ascent or mantle porosity. Combined trace element geochemistry, isotope composition and U series data are able to indicate source heterogeneity due to the possible input of plume-derived enriched material. Input of additional mantle material can be carried out under two forms : melt or solid transport state. A major constrain to decipher between these two mechanisms is the duration of transport. Thus, U series disequilibria can provide information about the rate of the transfer process and therefore the transport mechanism of the process. The study presented here (on lavas from the North Fiji and Lau basins and the Central Indian Ridge) is probably one of the first to constrain ridge hotspot interaction using U series disequilibria and accentuates the peculiar interest of this method
Couchoud, Isabelle. "Etude pétrographique et isotopique des spéléothèmes du sud-ouest de la France formés en contexte archéologique : Contribution à la connaissance des paléoclimats régionaux du stade isotopique 5." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00252039.
Повний текст джерелаGerber, William. "Evolution tectono-métamorphique du Briançonnais interne (Alpes Occidentales, massifs de Vanoise Sud et d'Ambin) : comportement du socle et de sa couverture dans un contexte de subduction continentale profonde." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340057.
Повний текст джерелаNotre travail de terrain permet de cartographier en détail les macrostructures (schistosités, linéations, plis, bandes de cisaillement), et de proposer un calendrier des déformations. L'étude des microstructures, associée à l'analyse pétrologique des phases minérales, nous permet de définir les assemblages minéralogiques développés à chaque étape de déformation (D1, D2). Les estimations thermo-barométriques, couplées aux datations Ar-Ar in situ sur phengite (inédite dans les deux massifs), nous permettent de reconstituer dans un espace Pression-Température-temps-déformation, les principales étapes de l'exhumation des unités de socle et de couverture :
- Une première phase alpine (D1) se développe dans le faciès des Schistes Bleus vers 50 Ma, et correspond au début de l'exhumation des unités subductées. Dans le massif de Vanoise Sud, nous montrons un fort contraste métamorphique entre les unités de socle (17kbar-480°C) et de couverture (11kbar–300°C). Nous l'interprétons comme la conséquence d'un découplage précoce au cours de l'enfouissement, en relation avec les cisaillements syn-Schistes Bleus à vergence NW.
- L'événement D2 débute à 43 Ma dans le faciès des Schistes Bleus de bas grade, et se poursuit dans le faciès des Schistes Verts. L'événement cisaillant majeur à vergence est (C2) débute à 37 Ma et atteint son paroxysme à 34 Ma. D2 est associé à un réchauffement généralisé dans l'ensemble de la pile structurale (+100°C), qui permet d'atteindre le pic thermique (530°C-7kbar dans le socle, et 350°C–6kbar dans la couverture).
- En Vanoise Sud, les unités de socle et de couverture sont juxtaposées autour de 30 Ma, à la faveur des cisaillements vers l'Est (3-4kbar-350°C). Nous repoussons la limite des dernières déformations ductiles à 28 Ma (3kbar-300°C).
- L'exhumation tardive des unités se produit dans le domaine cassant, en trois étapes :
(i) entre 28 et 20 Ma : vitesses élevées atteignant 1.5 km/Ma.
(ii) entre 20 et 5 Ma : les unités stationnent à 3km de profondeur (période de stabilité thermique, vitesse de refroidissement = 1°C/Ma).
(iii) depuis 5Ma, nouvelle accélération de l'exhumation (0.6 km/Ma).
Gerber, William. "Evolution tectono-métamorphique du Briançonnais interne (Alpes Occidentales, massif de Vanoise Sud et d'Ambin) : comportement du socle et de sa couverture dans un contexte de subduction continentale profonde." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340057.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to characterize the main steps of high-pressure (HP) units metamorphosed in a deep continental subduction context, during the subduction of European plate below Apulian plate. Selected targets are Vanoise Sud and Ambin massifs (Internal Briançonnais domain), where exposed basement and cover units underwent a HP event. Field work led to a detailed map of structural patterns (schistosities, lineations, folds, shear bands), and allow us to understand the timing of deformations. Microstructures and petrological studies, suggest that a typical mineralogical assemblage developped during D1 and D2 deformation stages. Pressure and temperature estimates, linked with the first Ar-Ar in situ dating on phengites from these two massifs, led us to a synthetic P-T-t-deformationdiagram where exhumation steps of basement and cover units are plotted. A first alpine stage (D1) occured in the blueschist facies around 50 My, and is related to the beginning of exhumation of subducted units. In the Vanoise Sud massif, we show a strong metamorphic contrast between basement (17kbar-480°C) and cover units (11kbar-300°C). This data is consistent with an early uncoupling, associated with the burial and related to a NW-verging shear in the blueschist facies. The D2 stage begins at 43 My in the lower blueschist facies, down to the greenschist facies. The main East-verging shear event (C2) starts at 37 My and reaches its paroxysm at 34 My. D2 is related to a heating event in the whole stack of units (+100°C), which leads to the thermal peak (530°C-7kbar in the basement and 350°C– 6kbar in the cover). In the Vanoise Sud massif, basement and cover units have been set in contact around 30 My, thanks to East-verging shears (3-4kbar-350°C). The youngest limit for the latest ductile events is consequently shifted around 28 My (3kbar-300°C). The late exhumation of the units occured in the brittle domain, through 3 stages : (i) between 28 and 20 My : high speeds, up to 1. 5km/My. (ii) between 20 and 5 My : units remain stable at 3km deep (period of thermal stability, cooling rate = 1°C/My). Iii) since 5 My, increase of exhumation rate (0. 6 km/My)
Tardy, Nicolas. "Les industries en quartz de Kovačevo (Bulgarie), Madžari (ARYM), Promachonas-Topolniča et Dikili Tash (Grèce) : reconstitution des systèmes techniques dans le contexte de la Néolithisation de l’Europe du Sud-Est." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2058/document.
Повний текст джерелаScientific publications dealing with the use of quartz in Prehistory are rare compared to those dealing siliceous cryptocristalline rocks such as flint, chert and obsidian. Yet, human populations have extensively used the various materials gathered under the appelation « quartz » for making their tools since the remotest times of the Lower Palaeolithic to modern times. The reasons for this preferential selection of flint tools as study materials are multiple. Besides the weight of traditional approaches to prehistoric times where the study of flint is predominant, quartz materials present difficulties of studies that are both related to the texture of the material and its mechanical properties, but also to the use of derivative methodologies of analysis of the study of flint that prove inadequate or unsuitable for vein quartz materials.An introductory chapter is thus intended to present the main causes of the lack of interest from prehistorians towards quartz materials. We then propose to deliver the main mineralogical and petrographic elements that characterize what is commonly called “quartz”.The second chapter is fully intended to unite and confront the main results of some pioneers specialists who have worked on the use of quartz for the manufacture of stone tools. This collection of informative data will help us establish the main features of vein quartz in terms of knapping behavior and also to list the main technological, morphological and typological criteria enabling its analysis.The third chapter is devoted to the presentation of the methodology used in this study. It consists of a typo-technological analysis mainly based on the various criteria outlined in chapter 2.The fourth and final chapter is fully devoted to the analysis of the quartz series from Neolithic sites Kovačevo (Bulgaria), Madzari (FYROM), Promachonas-Topolnica (Greek-Bulgarian border) and Dikili Tash (Greece). The objective is to recognize the choices made by the Balkan Neolithic societies in the management and production of their domestic tools. These choices are evaluated in cultural terms, establishing the share of environmental constraints, resource availability of local lithological domains, technologies and major areas of activity involving the use of quartz tools. The quartz industry production patterns will also be replaced in the management of the entire Neolithic industries, flint, but also pottery, to understand their place in the socio-economic system of the first agro-pastoral communities in the Balkans
Blouin, Arthur. "Génération de boue à partir de sédiments stratifiés dans un contexte de volcanisme de boue : le rôle du gaz." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3040.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript assesses the role of gas in the mud generation processes by focusing on a dense and multidisciplinary dataset of the active Absheron mud volcano (AMV), South Caspian Basin. The study is divided in three main parts: definition of the mud source; analysis of the hydro-mechanical behavior of compacted sediments after gas exsolution; numerical modeling of the AMV formation.First, I identified the source of the AMV as being the Anhydritic Surakhany Fm. (ASF): seismic geomorphology evidences a depletion zone below the AMV and samples from surface mudflows indicate a Pliocene age and the same mineralogy as the ASF. The ASF is composed of interstratified anhydritic beds and low-density overpressured and undercompacted clay-rich layers. The mud source seems located in an interval presenting intrinsic favorable properties to remobilization and at the convergence of overpressure build-up and gas accumulation.I then tested the impact of gas exsolution on the hydro-mechanical properties of compacted sediments through a novel consolidation apparatus. Results show that sediments are damaged by gas exsolution and do not recover completely after reloading. Gas exsolution leading to a degree of gas saturation higher than 38% generates a critical behavior interpreted as the result of mud generation.I finally integrated multidisciplinary data and results in simple numerical models to confront the hypothesis on the AMV formation with the geological conditions. A 2D diffusion model confirms that the association of lateral pressure transmission and vertical gas migration along faults leads to mud generation. Fluid mechanics equations show that mud is then able to rise up to the seafloor by density-inversion. Accounting for fracture propagation and dynamic viscosity may improve and accelerate the mud remobilization process. I tested several working hypotheses through this modeling and went from a purely conceptual formation model for the AMV to a semi-quantitative one.This study identified key parameters for mud volcano formation that are believed to be common to most of these structures and allowed developing a modeling approach that may be adapted and improved to describe mud volcanoes formation in other geological contexts
Asavaplungkul, Saisingha Monruedee. "Le Râmâyana dans les peintures du temple du Buddha d'Émeraude (Wat Phra Kèo) à Bangkok : sources, contexte, prolongements." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040049.
Повний текст джерелаThe Râmakîen is one of the most important literary works in Thailand. Derived from the Indian epic of Vâlmîki, it became very important at the royal Thai court, and is one of the most popular texts in South-East Asia. At Wat Phra Kèo its episodes are represented on the four sides of the gallery. This thesis aims to study the parts illustrating the ten incarnations of Viṣṇu, the birth of the Hindu Gods and the main characters of the Indian epic. These episodes lead us through the Râmakîen’s prelude and our study stops at the moment of King Jânaka’s return to Mithilâ, his kingdom. The comparison between the paintings, the Tamrâ Thewarûp, the iconographic albums of Hindu Gods and the Tamrâ Thewapâng (the book of legends containing the god’s creation and the ten incarnations of Viṣṇu) proved necessary to understand some of the painted scenes which do not relate to the Râmakîen, as told in the version composed by King Râma I. The omnipresence of a number of scenes borrowed from the epic (particularly the ten incarnation scenes of Viṣṇu and the Hindu God images) in the temples founded by the kings or their families around Bangkok’s Grand Palace can be explained by the great importance attributed by the sovereigns to the Râma avatâra of Viṣṇu. Besides, the Thai Kingdom borrowed from the Khmer court their Hindu rituals. A review of the Râmâyana images in Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar completes our study
Marot, Emmanuel. "L'approvisionnement céramique de Javols-Anderitum de la fin du Ier s. Av. Au IIIème s. Ap. J. -C. Dans son contexte chrono-typologique, économique et culturel pour le Sud-Est du Massif Central." Tours, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01430550.
Повний текст джерелаThe south-east Massif Central's ceramological knowledge during the Upper Empire leads to numerous pardoxes : whereas this area includes in the 1st and 2nd centuries leading workshops dealing out their fine ceramics throughout the whole Empire, one bare knows the crockery used in this area. This study aims at filing partly this documentary gap, focusing on the site of Javols-Anderitum, the Gabales' city ancient chief town (Lozère, nowadays). The analysis, which delt with homogeneous ceramic sets dating back to the end of the 1st century b. C. Until the end of the 3d century p. C. , intended to study the ceramic categories present in Javols, as well as to identify their chronology, function and origin. This work therefore managed to establish different chrono-typological referentials, which remain open to further research and should allow better discussion between archaeologists. The analysis also intended to set the ceramics the inhabitants of this gallo-roman capital used in a wider economical and cultural frame. Since the very beginnings of the Gabales' chief town, the mediterranean model's penetration thus apparead quite deep as far as crockery is concerned. Yet this acculturation occurred not because of italic import, but is rather on the one hand the consequence of unbroken cultural, economical and commercial links with Arverns on the north, on the other the result of leading workshops emerging in the soul of Gaul. The whole set of kitchen ustensils, through tooking advantage of potters' technical improvements, nevertheless betrays not a clear adoption of a roman alimentation. From an economical point of view, Javols' as well as other local sites' ceramic supplies seem to be tightly fastened with the leading workshops from the south of Gaul, especially with La Gaufresenque. Those consumption sites then take advantage from the Rutenian workshop's rise, yet all the more suffer from its production breaking off, hence the emergence of a new and original crockery from the middle of the 2nd century p. C