Книги: "Contexte sportif"

1

Exner, Jan. Sporting Nationality in the Context of European Union Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10807-6.

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2

Alvisi, Chiara. Il diritto sportivo nel contesto nazionale ed europeo. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2006.

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3

Jobert, Timothée. Champions noirs, racisme blanc: La métropole et les sportifs noirs en contexte colonial (1901-1944). Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 2006.

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4

Champions noirs, racisme blanc?: La metropole et les sportifs noirs en contexte colonial (1901-1944). Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 2006.

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5

Bennett, Simpson, Withers Rachel, and Des Moines Art Center, eds. Contested fields. Des Moines, Iowa: Des Moines Art Center, 2004.

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6

Special forces sporting guns: Weapons, skills, and techniques for the competitive shooting sports. New York: Metro Books, 2014.

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7

Cynarski, Wojciech J., Jerzy Kosiewicz, and Kazimierz Obodyński. Sport in the context of social sciences. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2012.

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8

Bizarre competitions: 101 ways to become a world champion. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books, Limited, 2016.

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9

Piątkowska, Monika, and Jerzy Kosiewicz. Sport in the context of social and cultural changes. Edited by Muzeum Sportu i Turystyki (Warsaw, Poland). Warsaw: Museum of Sports and Tourism in Warsaw, 2011.

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10

Jonsson, Hjorleifur. Contests in contexts: Readings in the anthropology of sports. [Dubuque, Ia.]: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 2011.

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11

Jonsson, Hjorleifur. Contests in contexts: Readings in the anthropology of sports. [Dubuque, Ia.]: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 2011.

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12

Fuller, Linda K. Sexual sports rhetoric: Historical and media contexts of violence. New York: Peter Lang, 2010.

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13

Journée d'études "L'institutionnalisation du sport" (2000 Neuchâtel, Suisse). Sports en formes: Acteurs, contextes et dynamiques d'institutionnalisation. Lausanne, Suisse: Antipodes, 2001.

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14

Doitsu chūsei kōki no supōtsu: Augusuburuku ni okeru "kōkai shageki taikai". Tōkyō: Fumaidō Shuppan, 1998.

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15

Zhuan xing qi wo guo ti yu sai shi shi chang hua yun zuo te zheng yu dui ce yan jiu. Beijing: Beijing ti yu da xue chu ban she, 2008.

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16

González, Josep. 2010 el ano de los campeones: El deporte espanol se corona como el mejor del mundo. Barcelona: Edecasa, 2010.

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17

Vieira, José Eduardo Fanha. A violência associada ao desporto: As opções legislativas no contexto histórico e sociológico. Lisboa: Instituto do Desporto de Portugal, 2003.

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18

Pauli, Vuolle, ed. Sport in social context: Commemorative book in honour of Professor Kalevi Heinilä. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1998.

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19

Chesterfield, Sadie. Surf's up: The legend of Big Z. New York: HarperEntertainment, 2007.

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20

Fu shi yu jing ji: The research on clothing & adornments and tournament. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo shi dai jing ji chu ban she, 2010.

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21

Aḥkām al-musābaqāt fī al-sharīʻah al-Islāmīyah wa-taṭbīqātuh al-muʻāṣirah. ʻAmmān: Dār al-Nafāʼis, 2004.

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22

Gutman, Dan. The Million Dollar Kick. New York: Hyperion Books For Children, 2001.

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23

Gutman, Dan. The Million Dollar Kick. New York: Hyperion Books For Children, 2001.

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24

Cusack, Carole M. Sports. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.33.

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Sport and religion are closely interrelated phenomena and this chapter details five significant intersections between sport and religion. First, in premodern polytheistic societies, ritualized sports were often part of devotional activities directed to the gods. Second, physical exertion may act as a trigger for altered states of consciousness in both sporting and religious contexts, which is why trials of sporting prowess merit consideration as religious acts or spiritual experiences. Third, sporting champions frequently profess faith and credit their success to divine intervention. Fourth, fan devotion to sporting stars and teams may resemble religious devotion. Finally, in the context of the secular West, sports may function as a substitute for religion, or as a ‘secular religion,’ for certain people in the contemporary, deregulated spiritual marketplace. This chapter provides evidence of all five of these relations between religion and sport, and ranges across historical eras and cultures.

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25

Christesen, Paul, Paul Christesen, Noel Fallows, Alessandro Arcangeli, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt, Mike Huggins, Steven Riess, Charles Stocking, and Charles Stocking, eds. A Cultural History of Sport in Antiquity. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350182998.

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A Cultural History of Sport in Antiquity covers the period 800 BCE to 600 CE. From the founding of the Olympics and Rome’s celebratory games, sport permeated the cultural life of Greco-Roman antiquity almost as it does our own. Gymnasiums, public baths, monumental arenas, and circuses for chariot racing were constructed, and athletic contests proliferated. Sports-themed household objects were very popular, whilst the exploits of individual athletes, gladiators, and charioteers were immortalized in poetry, monuments, and the mosaic floors of the wealthy. This rich sporting culture attests to the importance of leisure among the middle and upper classes of the Greco-Roman world, but by 600 CE rising costs, barbarian invasions, and Christianity had swept it all away. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.

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26

Mallinckrodt, Rebekka von, Paul Christesen, Noel Fallows, Alessandro Arcangeli, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt, Mike Huggins, Steven Riess, and Charles Stocking, eds. A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350183025.

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A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Enlightenment covers the period 1650 to 1800, a period often seen as a time of decline in sporting practice and literature. In fact, a rich sporting culture existed and sports were practised by both men and women at all levels of society. The Enlightenment called into question many of the earlier notions of religion, gender, and rank which had previously shaped sporting activities and also initiated the commercialization, professionalization, and associativity which were to define modern sport. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.

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27

Huggins, Mike, Paul Christesen, Noel Fallows, Alessandro Arcangeli, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt, Mike Huggins, Steven Riess, and Charles Stocking, eds. A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350183032.

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A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry covers the period 1800 to 1920. Over this period, sport become increasingly global, some sports were radically altered, sports clubs proliferated, and new team games - such as baseball, basketball, and the various forms of football - were created, codified, commercialized, and professionalized. Yet this was also an age of cultural and political tensions, when issues around the role of women, social class, ethnicity and race, imperial relationships, nation-building, and amateur and professional approaches were all shaping sport. At the same time, increasing urbanization, population, real wages, and leisure time drove demand for sport ever higher, and the institutionalization and regulation of sport accelerated. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.

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28

Arcangeli, Alessandro, Paul Christesen, Noel Fallows, Alessandro Arcangeli, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt, Mike Huggins, Steven Riess, and Charles Stocking, eds. A Cultural History of Sport in the Renaissance. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350183018.

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A Cultural History of Sport in the Renaissance covers the period 1450 to 1650. Outwardly, Renaissance sports resembled their medieval forebears, but the incorporation of athletics into the educational curriculum signalled a change. As part of the scientific revolution, sport now became the object of intellectual analysis. Numerous books were written on the medical benefits of sport and on the best way to joust, fence, train horses and ride, play ball games, swim, practice archery, wrestle, or become an acrobat. Sport became the visible sign of the mind’s control over the physical body, such control often becoming an end in itself with some sports shaped more by decorum than exercise. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.

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29

Fallows, Noel, Paul Christesen, Noel Fallows, Alessandro Arcangeli, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt, Mike Huggins, Steven Riess, and Charles Stocking, eds. A Cultural History of Sport in the Medieval Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350183001.

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A Cultural History of Sport in the Medieval Age covers the period 600 to 1450. Lacking any viable ancient models, sport evolved into two distinct forms, divided by class. Male and female aristocrats hunted and knights engaged in jousting and tournaments, transforming increasingly outdated modes of warfare into brilliant spectacle. Meanwhile, simpler sports provided recreational distraction from the dangerously unsettled conditions of everyday life. Running, jumping, wrestling, and many ball games - soccer, cricket, baseball, golf, and tennis – had their often violent beginnings in this period. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.

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30

Australia's Asian Sporting Context, 1920s - 30s. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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31

Mangan, J. A., Boria Majumdar, Mark Dyreson, Sean Brawley, and Nick Guoth. Australia's Asian Sporting Context 1920S - 30S. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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32

Brawley, Sean, and Nick Guoth, eds. Australia's Asian Sporting Context, 1920s – 30s. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315868318.

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33

Esteban-Salvador, Maria Luisa, ed. The International Conference on Multidisciplinary Per- pectives on Equality and Diversity in Sports (ICMPEDS). 14th to the 16th of july 2021 . Book of abstracts. Universidad de Zaragoza, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-32-0.

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The International Conference on Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Equality and Diversity in Sports (ICMPEDS) is organized by GESPORT with the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union from the 14th to the 16th of July 2021. The conference is an excellent forum for academics, researchers, practitioners, athletes, man- agers and professionals of federations, associations and sport organizations, and those other- wise involved in sport to share and exchange ideas in different areas of sport related equality worldwide. We will keep you informed by email and post the latest information on this matter on the GESPORT website and social media. Sport and its management continues to be a field where men and masculinity strongly prevail. This conference aims to investigate the complexities attached to the following questions: What does gender openness mean in the context of sport in the 21st century? What persists as gen- der closure in the same context? What are the gender cultures that signify sport continuing to be defined by regimes that resort to a dominant masculinity embodied in a strong and athletic male body? Moreover, and albeit some exceptions, athletes, practitioners, decision and policy makers, and sports spectators are predominantly men. In this sense, gender discrimination and segregation are present in multiple aspects of sport. Some illustrations include: a) male athletes have high salaries, more career opportunities, and get more recognition by society than female athletes; b) management and leadership positions in sports organizations are mainly occupied by men, including in sports traditionally considered as feminine and which have become feminised (e.g. gymnastics and dance); c) masculinised sports and its male athletes have much more attention and recognition from the media than female athletes; d) sports journalism continues to be predominantly produced and managed by men; e) some sports spectatorships cultures are marked by rituals and interactions that resort to masculine tribalism, often leading to aggressive and violent behaviours. Gender discrimination in sport is somehow socially normalised and accepted through a dis- course that essentialises the embodied sexual differences between genders. This gender dis- course legitimises the exclusion of women in some sports modalities and traps female bodies in sociocultural constructions as less able to exercise and engage in sport, or as the second and weaker version of the ideal masculine body. However, there are signs that the context of sport may be changing. The European Union and some national governments have made an effort to promote gender equality and diversity by fostering the adoption of gender equality codes/policies in different modalities and in in- ternational and local sports organizations. These new policies aim to increase female partic- ipation and recognition in sport, their access to leadership positions and involvement in the decision-making in sport structures. Additionally, the number of women practising non-com- petitive sport and as sports spectators have started growing, leading to new representations of sport and challenging the role of women in such a context. Finally, different body constructions and the emergence of alternative embodied femininities and masculinities are also challeng- ing how athletes of both genders experience their bodies and sports practice. Yet, research is scarce about the impact of these changes/challenges in the sports context. This conference will focus on mapping gender relations in sport and its management by taking into account the different modalities, contexts, institutional policies, organizational structures and actors (e.g. athletes, spectators, media professionals, sport decision makers and man- agers). It will treat sport and its management as one avenue where gender segregation and inequality occurs, but also adopt such as a space that presents an opportunity for change and does so as a widely applicable topic whose traits and culture are reflected in organizations and work more broadly. In this sense, the conference is interested in theoretical and empirical research work that may explore, but are not limited to the following issues: • Women representativeness in sports modalities and in sport organizational structures in different countries; • Women and management accounting in sport organizations; • The gender regimes that (re)produce different sports policies, modalities, and institu- tions in sport; • The stories of resistance/conformity of women that already occupy different roles in sport contexts; • The challenges and impact of conventional and new body representations in sports institutions and including athletes of both genders; • The discourses of masculinities in sport and its effect on women and men athletes; • The emergence of nationalism and populist discourses in political and governments states and their impact on the (re)shaping of masculinity and femininity constructions in sport; • The gendered transformations of the spectators’ gaze in what concerns different sports modalities; • The effects of new groups of sports spectators on gender relations in sport; • The discourses in media and its participation in the sports gender (in)equality; • The impact of new technologies, and new practices of training/coaching in the body- work and identities of athletes of both genders.

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34

Widener, Daniel. Race and Sport. Edited by Robert Edelman and Wayne Wilson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.013.32.

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This chapter explores the relationship between race and sport from the late nineteenth century to the present. It tracks processes of racial exclusion, colonial control, and antiracist contestation, as well as the more diffuse context of an ostensibly postracial neoliberal sporting landscape. Included are discussions of crucial figures such as Jack Johnson, Jackie Robison, Muhammad Ali, and Michael Jordan. Campaigns such as the sporting boycott of apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympic protest by black American athletes are discussed, as is the Algerian revolution, racism in European football (soccer), and the contradictions of nominally amateur collegiate sports in the contemporary United States. Reference is likewise made to the relationship between race and class and gender inequities and struggles.

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35

Reiche, Danyel, and Tamir Sorek, eds. Sport, Politics and Society in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190065218.001.0001.

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Sport in the Middle East has become a major issue in global affairs. The contributors to this timely volume discuss the intersection of political and cultural processes related to sport in the region. Eleven chapters trace the historical institutionalization of sport and the role it has played in negotiating ‘Western’ culture. Sport is found to be a contested terrain where struggles are being fought over the inclusion of women, over competing definitions of national identity, over preserving social memory, and over press freedom. Also discussed are the implications of mega-sporting events for host countries, and how both elite sport policies and sports industries in the region are being shaped. Sport, Politics and Society in the Middle East draws on academic disciplines from the humanities and social sciences to offer in-depth, theoretically grounded, and richly empirical case studies. It employs diverse research methodologies, from ethnography and in-depth interviews to archival research, to make a lasting contribution to this critical subject.

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36

Wacker, Christian, ed. Sport im Museum. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956508448.

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Sport is omnipresent in museums. There are around 1,500 sports museums worldwide—from the lovable bicycle museum in the Palatine to the FIFA World Football Museum. Sport gets collected, sports objects are researched, sport is exhibited, and sport can be experienced and learned about in museums. In this anthology, international authors deal with 'Sport in Museums' and reflect on the fast-moving phenomenon of sport in the context of museum work, which offers opportunities for future-oriented museum work. The editor has been working in the context of sports museums for almost 30 years and compiled this volume to describe and research sport in museums and to raise awareness of it as an important component of popular culture. With contributions by Jason Beck, Prof. Dr. Louise Bielzer, Martin Ehlers, Dr. Matthias Henkel, Pekka Honkanen, Yousef Khacho, Volker Kluge, Geoffrey Z. Kohe, Prof. Dr. Michael Krüger, Barbara Kummler, Ulrich Schulze Forsthövel, Jed Smith, Prof. Dr. Junko Tahara (und Kyoko Raita), Jurryt van de Vooren, Prof. Dr. Axel Vogelsang, Kalle Voolaid, Dr. Christian Wacker, Prof. Dr. Ronald Wadsack and Helen Walpole.

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37

Harker, Brian. Sportin' Life. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514511.001.0001.

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This book is the first published biography of the tap dancer, singer, actor, and comedian John W. Bubbles. From an impoverished childhood in Nashville, Bubbles rose to prominence in the world of entertainment, fashioning a long and varied career in vaudeville, Broadway, movies, and television. Along the way he invented a new style of tap dancing (now called rhythm tap) and created the role of Sportin’ Life for George Gershwin’s classic opera Porgy and Bess. With pianist Buck Washington he formed the team Buck and Bubbles, one of the greatest acts in the history of vaudeville. As a tap dancer in the 1920s and 1930s, Bubbles not only inspired a generation of dancers but also probably influenced the development of jazz music as well. Through it all he had to contend with the soul-crushing barriers of a country built on white supremacy. Although his dancing innovations provided a model for white movie stars such as Fred Astaire and Eleanor Powell, Bubbles himself was denied success in Hollywood because of his skin color. Even in vaudeville, his natural element, the powers-that-be artificially restricted his advancement so as not to overwhelm his white competitors. These injustices were the greatest sorrows of a heady and tumultuous life, one marked by dazzling professional achievements as well as corrosive personal addictions. Drawing from a wealth of newly discovered primary sources, this book places that life in the context of its time.

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38

Baker, Thomas A. Recreational Sports Law. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.24.

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This chapter discusses application of legal doctrines and defenses within recreational sport settings. Many of the concepts discussed here are very general in that they apply to an array of recreational sport settings. Some are more specific to particular recreational situations. The general concepts are introduced so that the reader appreciates the way courts apply the law across various types of recreational sports cases. The more specific concepts involve problems that are relevant, timely, and somewhat unique to particular recreational sports. Ultimately, recreational sports law is not a field of law with its own distinct legal norms. Instead, “recreational sports law” encapsulates legal applications that are more common to recreational sport cases than to others. Exposure to the contents of this chapter will provide the reader with a more nuanced understanding of those legal applications of which recreational sport providers and participants need to be the most concerned.

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39

Riess, Steven A., Paul Christesen, Noel Fallows, Alessandro Arcangeli, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt, Mike Huggins, Steven Riess, and Charles Stocking, eds. A Cultural History of Sport in the Modern Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350183049.

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A Cultural History of Sport in the Modern Age covers the period 1920 to today. Over this time, world-wide participation in sport has been shaped by economic developments, communication and transportation innovations, declining racism, diplomacy, political ideologies, feminization, democratization, as well as increasing professionalization and commercialization. Sport has now become both a global cultural force and one of the deepest ways in which individual nations express their myths, beliefs, values, traditions, and realities. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.

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40

Understanding UK Sport Policy in Context. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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41

Understanding UK Sport Policy in Context. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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42

Schultz, Jaime. Women's Sports. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190657710.001.0001.

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Although girls and women account for approximately 40 percent of all athletes in the United States, they receive only 4 percent of the total sport media coverage. SportsCenter, ESPN’s flagship program, dedicates less than 2 percent of its airtime to women. Local news networks devote less than 5 percent of their programming to women’s sports. Excluding Sports Illustrated’s annual "Swimsuit Issue," women appear on just 4.9 percent of the magazine’s covers. Media is a powerful indication of the culture surrounding sport in the United States. Why are women underrepresented in sports media? Sports Illustrated journalist Andy Benoit infamously remarked that women’s sports "are not worth watching." Although he later apologized, Benoit’s comment points to more general lack of awareness. Consider, for example, the confusion surrounding Title IX, the U.S. Law that prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program that receives federal financial assistance. Is Title IX to blame when administrators drop men’s athletic programs? Is it lack of interest or lack of opportunity that causes girls and women to participate in sport at lower rates than boys and men? In Women’s Sports, Jaime Schultz tackles these questions, along with many others, to upend the misunderstandings that plague women’s sports. Using historical, contemporary, scholarly, and popular sources, Schultz traces the progress and pitfalls of women’s involvement in sport. In the signature question-and-answer format of the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, this short and accessible book clarifies misconceptions that dog women’s athletics and offers much needed context and history to illuminate the struggles and inequalities sportswomen continue to face. By exploring issues such as gender, sexuality, sex segregation, the Olympic and Paralympic Games, media coverage, and the sport-health connection, Schultz shows why women’s sports are not just worth watching, but worth playing, supporting, and fighting for.

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43

Koller, Dionne. The Increasing Role of Disability Issues in U.S. Sports Law. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.8.

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This chapter discusses the leading issues involving individuals with disabilities who participate, or seek to participate, in U.S. sports. This analysis highlights the most important issues in the interscholastic, intercollegiate, professional, and Olympic sports contexts. This chapter asserts that while current legal doctrine focuses on prohibiting discrimination and accommodating “qualified” persons with disabilities within existing sports programs, more should be done to expand adaptive sports programming. In this way, law can be used to help expand our current understandings of who is an “athlete” and what is a “sport,” so that in the future, more individuals with disabilities can enjoy the benefits of athletic competition.

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Cantu, Robert C., and Robert V. Cantu. Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports. Edited by Ruben Echemendia and Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.4.

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Traumatic brain injury in sports encompasses a spectrum including injuries such as concussion, skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, malignant brain edema syndrome, and axonal shear. Knowledge of these injuries and their signs and symptoms is important for medical personnel covering a sporting contest or practice. The authors discuss each of these injuries, how they typically occur, and what the initial treatment entails.

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45

Sociology of Football in a Global Context. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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46

Cleland, Jamie. Sociology of Football in a Global Context. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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47

Schultz, Jaime. Women’s Sport and Questionable Sex. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038167.003.0005.

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This chapter explores how leaders of several international athletic federations worked to quell anxieties about “manly” women competitors by instituting “sex-testing” policies to verify the femaleness of female athletes. Purporting to safeguard women's sport and its participants, the tests have too often disadvantaged women and served as a powerful form of social control that encouraged normative femininity in the context of sport. Although most organizations have since declared an end to sex-testing in their official policies, new forms of surveillance and detection continue to define who counts as a woman in the context of sport. For better or worse, the introduction of the sex-test signified that women's sports were on the rise, and in the 1970s American women went through what many felt was an athletic revolution.

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48

O’Mahony, Mike. The Visual Turn in Sport History. Edited by Robert Edelman and Wayne Wilson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.013.35.

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The representation of sport in visual culture has generated a valuable research resource that, until recently, has been underutilized and undertheorized. Recent interventions, drawing on developments within other academic disciplines including art history, film, and media studies have, however, opened up opportunities for sport historians to engage with a wide range of sport-related visual artifacts. This chapter offers insights into how sport historians can effectively engage with this wide range of visual material. It deploys specific case studies to reveal potential opportunities and strategies to enable sport historians to treat visual materials as complex forms of documentation that can thus enhance an engagement with the complexities of sport’s past and present. It also reflects on how the recent expansion of the sport museum as a repository for, and means of displaying, this material provides a context for the future expansion of sport history studies into the field of visual culture.

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Cantu, Robert V., and Robert C. Cantu. Injuries to the head and cervical spine. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0046.

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Traumatic brain and cervical spine injuries in young athletes encompass a wide spectrum, with some injuries occurring in otherwise ‘safe’ sports, and others in high-risk sports where head and cervical spine injuries are the norm. Athletic brain injuries include concussion, intracranial haemorrhage, malignant brain oedema syndrome, and axonal shear. In the cervical spine, injuries include muscle strains, contusions, fractures, or ligamentous disruptions with nerve root or spinal cord injury. Knowledge of these injuries and their signs and symptoms is important for the physician covering a sporting contest or practice. Additionally, preparedness for potential head or cervical spine injury must be addressed by health professionals providing sporting event coverage. This chapter reviews how traumatic brain and cervical spine injuries typically occur in young athletes. It also discusses what the initial treatment of these injuries should entail, along with a discussion of return to play considerations.

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50

Exner, Jan. Sporting Nationality in the Context of European Union Law: Seeking a Balance between Sporting Bodies’ Interests and Athletes’ Rights. Springer, 2019.

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