Дисертації з теми "Contaminant transfers"
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Bonnière, Antoine. "L'approche par multi-traçage géochimique, isotopique et organique comme outil d'étude de l'origine et du transfert des contaminants dans les eaux souterraines : Application à la nappe de la Vistrenque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0004.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, groundwater supports 65% of the drinking water supply. The increasing pressures of human activities lead to water pollution and the closure of water supply wells. The diversity of existing pollutants and the emergence of new contaminants require a comprehensive understanding of the functioning of groundwater bodies. The implementation of action plans by local authorities and resource managers requires identifying the origins of contaminants and defining vulnerable areas with precision. The objective of this work is to establish a multi-tracer approach on the Vistrenque aquifer (France, Gard), to study the origin and transfer of contaminants. Analyses include natural tracers of water origin (major, minor, and trace elements), stable isotopes of water molecules (δ18O/δ2H-H2O), stable nitrogen isotopes of nitrates δ15N/δ18O-NO3-, boron isotope δ11B, gadolinium (Gd), as well as a range of organic molecules including pesticides and pharmaceutical residues, serving as tracers themselves. Using this multi-tracer approach, it was possible to identify the origin of nitrates in water catchment areas where agricultural and urban nitrate sources overlap. Analysis of the isotopic signature in δ15N/δ18O-NO3- of easily mobilized nitrates in soils has proved to be an effective tool for characterizing nitrogen pollution in an agricultural context. The land parcels responsible for contamination were identified, based on the comparison of the isotopic signatures of soils and groundwater. In addition to agricultural contamination, the infiltration of an urban effluent plume from a wastewater treatment plant into the aquifer highlighted the importance of studying the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues and the vulnerability of aquifers to emerging contaminants. All these observations have laid the groundwork for extending this approach to other study areas, focusing on the operability of the geochemical, isotopic, and organic multi-tracer approach
Froger, Claire. "Sources et dynamiques spatiales et temporelles des contaminations en éléments traces et hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques du continuum atmosphère - sol - rivière d'un bassin versant contrasté." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS394/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of human societies since the 19th century has led to deleterious impacts on the Critical Zone (from atmosphere to river, including biosphere and soils). Despite the decrease of pollutions since the late 1960’s, contaminations remain especially in urban environment, concentrating human activities. To better manage this pollution, it is necessary to understand the dynamics and pathways of contaminants through the atmosphere – soil – river continuum. The goal of this study in thus to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of two contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and trace elements (TE)) in the Orge River catchment (900 km2, France) being under increasing urban pressure from up to downstream. Several fingerprinting approaches were used to trace sediment dynamics in the river (radionuclides: ⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs), to identify lead sources (lead isotopes) and PAH sources (PAH molecular ratios). The results demonstrated the strong influence of downstream urban areas on the river quality, with an increasing contamination for Cu, Zn, Sb, Pb and PAH in the particulate phase, and for SO42⁻, Na⁺ et Cl⁻, Cu, Zn and Pb in the dissolved phase. The sediment fingerprinting using radionuclides revealed a significant input of particles originating from urban areas and transferred through urban runoff, and identified road deposited sediments as the major source of contaminated particles downstream. Source tracking of Pb and PAH confirmed urban runoff as the main pathway of river contamination. In addition, annual and seasonal PAH and TE fluxes were estimated respectively for the atmospheric inputs, and riverine exports and revealed a global accumulation of contaminant over the catchment, already containing a significant stock of pollutants in its soils. Finally, this study highlights the need to integrate the Critical Zone and the potential of coupling multiples tracking approaches to properly evaluate the contaminant dynamics. These results may be used to establish a model of contaminants transfer in urban catchments
Weber, Sofie Aimee. "Contaminant transport and mass transfer to runoff including infiltration." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0151_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Sébastien. "Mécanismes de sorption et d'oxydoréduction à l'interface oxyde/solution : couplage chimie / transport." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S157.
Повний текст джерелаGiven the ubiquity of iron oxides in environmental settings, particularly goethite and hematite, the most stable forms, but also the proliferation of emerging contaminants, such as fluoroquinolones, in the environment, our goal was to study their reactivity and describe mechanisms of sorption and redox at oxide /solution interfaces in static batch) and hydrodynamic conditions (column) by coupling a macroscopic study (LC/MS, LC/UV) with a microscopic/molecular approach (vibrational spectroscopy and XPS) and mechanistic modeling (TPM and CD-MUSIC).. These works highlight the main mechanisms responsible of the transformation of organic molecules on iron oxide surfaces and thus provide valuable information necessary for the understanding of the fate of emerging contaminants in the environment
Rosca, Iosif-Daniel. "Applications du transfert de matière et chaleur : transfert de contaminant entre emballage cylindrique et aliment solide." Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STET4027.
Повний текст джерелаSime, Kristian John. "Characterisation and surface analysis of polymer interfaces used in dye diffusion thermal transfer printing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10559.
Повний текст джерелаGatel, Laura. "Construction et évaluation d'un modèle de transport de contaminants réactif couplé surface-subsurface à l'échelle du versant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU001/document.
Повний текст джерелаPesticide use on agricultural surfaces leads to a broad surface and subsurface water contamination in France. Awaiting a deep agricultural practices evolution and a sustained fall of the pesticide use, it is of interest to limit transfers form agricultural fields to rivers. In order to constrain those transfers, a deepen knowledge of processes at stake and their potential interactions is necessary, as well as taking full advantages of fields observations.The aim of this PhD is the reactive transfer processes integration in the Hydrological physically-based model CATHY (CATchment HYdrology) which simulates surface-subsurface coupled water flow and advectiv solute transport in three dimensions and in variably saturated situations. Linear adsorption and first order decay are implemented in subsurface. A mixing modules is added, and evens the concentration between surface runoff and subsurface first layer. This module simulates the solute mobilisation from soil to surface runoff. The water flow surface-subsurface coupling procedure is very accurate in CATHY, and the transport coupling procedure is improve in order to respect the mass conservation.The model is first evaluated on subsurface transfer laboratory experimentation data at a small scale (2 m long, o.5 m wide, 1 m deep). Results are compared to mass flux evolution in time and a Morris sensitivity analysis is conducted. The model is able to acceptably reproduce observation, and properly after a slight calibration. Horizontal and vertical saturated conductivities, porosity and the $n$ parameter of retention curve significantly influence hydrodynamics and solute transport. As a second step, the model is evaluated on data from a field wine hillslope on an intense rain event, therefore in a context with a lot of surface-subsurface interactions. A global sensitivity analysis is conducted and highlights same parameters as the Morris method. Interactions between parameters highly influence the variability of hydrodynamic and solute transfer outputs. Mass conservation is accurate despite the complexity of the context.The resulting model meets the objectives, its evaluation is strong even if its theoretically only valid in the precise context in which the evaluations where conducted. The model is robust and able to reproduce observed data. Some complementary processes are still missing in the model to properly represent transfer ways at the hillslope scale, such as subsurface preferential transfers and surface sedimentary transport
Marchand, Estelle. "Analyse de sensibilité déterministe pour la simulation numérique du transfert de contaminants." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271632.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Hua. "Investigation of Contaminant Transport in Tidally-Influenced Aquifers: Experiment and Analysis." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2010. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/43.
Повний текст джерелаOursel, Benjamin. "Transferts et dynamique des contaminants métalliques en zone côtière. : Impact d’une grande agglomération méditerranéenne." Thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD was to evaluate the impact from Marseille agglomeration on thecoastal area, using trace metals and organic carbon quantification. On the French Mediterraneancoast, Marseille is the largest agglomeration (~1.7M inhabitants), located directly on coast andhave the biggest European underground wastewater treatment plan (WWTP, 1.62M eq). Theimpact of this urbanized and industrialized area on the coastal zone (bulk fluxes) remainsmisunderstood, because of the multiplicity of contaminant sources (direct inputs(rivers/effluents) vs. diffusive ones (coastal industrial wasteland, aerosols, …)) partlycontrolled by climatic conditions. Similarly, the transfer mechanisms of contaminants thatcontrol their fate to the open sea (net fluxes) have to be studied. In such context, numerouswater and sediment sampling campaigns were performed during contrasted climatic conditions(baseflow vs. flood) in the tributaries and along a 2km coastal-offshore transect in front of theoutputs. The main objectives of this study were to determine contaminants sources, transfermechanisms and fate in the coastal zone. During baseflow conditions, results have shown thatthe system dynamic is mainly controlled by the WWTP inputs, that are for instance the maincontributor (>75%) of Ag, Cu or Pb inputs to the coastal area. When discharged to the sea, thestudied trace metals presented non-conservative behaviours, consecutive to adissolved/particulate fractionation out of equilibrium in the outlets associated to fastremobilization at the beginning of the salinity gradient. These results were confirmed by labremobilization experiments allowing to better understand the desorption kinetics of tracemetals. Under such conditions, it was demonstrated that on-field filtration is a prerequisite toavoid under-estimation of the dissolved fraction of trace metals. The monitoring of a flood eventduring a rainy period has shown the high reactivity of the studied system, a peculiarity ofMediterraneean coastal rivers. Most of the studied trace metals, mainly brought in theparticulate fraction, suffer desorption processes when discharged to the sea, a processcharacterized by kinetics slower and effective at higher salinity in comparison to baseflowinputs. These differences are most probably linked to the nature of particles being urban andorganic during baseflow, mostly terrigeneous and inorganic during flood. Finally, a settling rateexperiment was designed in the lab in order to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristicsof representative particles. The obtained parameters were integrated in the 3D hydrodynamicand sediment transport model of IFREMER allowing to better evaluate the fate of pollutedparticles in the coastal area
Meyer, Xuân-Mi. "Destruction thermique de contaminants levuriens dans des produits alimentaires : aspects thermiques et microbiologiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT066G.
Повний текст джерелаHamdouni, Aziz. "Etude de l'influence d'un manipulateur de couche limite sur les transferts turbulents de contaminant passif." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2257.
Повний текст джерелаMa, Xuewen. "Bioprocessing of algae and transfer of hydrophobic contaminants by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)." Connect to resource, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1232734419.
Повний текст джерелаMobile, Michael Anthony. "Quantification of Parameters in Models for Contaminant Dissolution and Desorption in Groundwater." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37812.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Hachgenei, Nico. "Transfert d'eau et de résidus pharmaceutiques vétérinaires dans un bassin versant agricole de méso-échelle soumis aux crues éclairs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALU007.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on environmental transfer of residues of veterinary drugs entering the environment via dung from treated animals. It is studied under the conditions of a meso-scale catchment under Mediterranean climate with extensive agriculture.In a first step, interviews with livestock breeders were conducted to identify the treatment practices. 14 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) were identified to be systematically used in the catchment, 10 of which antiparasitic drugs. Antibiotics were of significant use only for goats. We chose Ivermectin (IVM) as a representative molecule for those antiparasitic drugs and did further transfer experiments on this compound.For these experiments, we developed a device to sample intact soil monoliths and subject them to simulated rainfall. Dung from untreated cows was spiked to a realistic concentration (3 mg kg−1) as reported in literature and placed on the soil. Consecutive intense rain events were simulated and surface runoff and drainage flow were measured and sampled at high frequency. Concentration values of up to 3855 ng L−1 were observed in overland flow (OF). The concentration in drainage flow was significantly reduced in soils from the sedimentary foothills part of the study site (< 150 ng L−1). On soils from the Coiron basaltic plateau, water repellency led to strong preferential flow and the concentration of IVM was not substantially reduced by leaching through the soil. Higher initial soil moisture led to increased retention of IVM through both drainage and OF. Overall, up to 1 % of the initial mass of IVM was exported during two consecutive rain events. In addition, we could show that drying of cow dung effectively reduces the mobilization of IVM. In general, more OF and a higher export of IVM were observed on soils from the Coiron plateau. On this scale, soil water repellency (SWR) seems to play a substantial role in the generation of OF.Finally, in order to link those results to the catchment scale and the overall problematic of transfer of pharmaceutical residues to surface water bodies, a semi-distributed conceptual hydrological model was developed on the scale of the Claduègne catchment using SAS functions and age tracking in order to estimate transit time distributions (TTD) on an hourly time step. The model was calibrated against observed discharge, silica concentration and deuterium isotope ratio of the water molecule at the outlet. The model predicts fractions of up to 60 % of discharge at the outlet of an age below one day during major flood events. Over the whole observation period, this fraction represents 8.4 % of the total runoff. In average, 25 % of the discharge are less than 30 d old.The analysis of a few stream water samples from the Claduègne catchment for three veterinary pharmaceuticals revealed that Fenbendazole (FBZ) and Mebendazole (MBZ) were only present at detectable concentrations throughout flood events, indicating a strong importance of preferential flow for their transfer into the streams. Concentrations of the pork antiparasitic FBZ of up to 28.4 ng L-1 were observed during a small flood event in summer, which is 355 time the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for fish.This thesis shows that high amounts of IVM can be mobilized from cow dung and transferred through and over soil at the plot-scale, despite the fact that IVM is generally considered immobile due to its hydrophobicity and therefore strong adsorption to the soil's organic matter. The highest mobilization of IVM was observed under the condition of intense precipitation on dry soil due to water repellency causing strong preferential flow (including OF). Preliminary results on the catchment scale suggest that this mechanism may as well be effective on this scale, despite the smaller amplitude of the hydrological response. An age tracking model reveals a high fraction of event water in the discharge at the Claduègne outlet during major flood events
Hu, Qinhong. "Effect of solute size and mass transfer on transport of contaminants in porous media." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187149.
Повний текст джерелаLay, Patrick Winfield. "Demersal predator exposure to toxic organic contaminants: Direct effects of macrofauna in trophic transfer." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616733.
Повний текст джерелаHo, Son Hong. "Numerical simulation of thermal comfort and contaminant transport in air conditioned rooms." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000548.
Повний текст джерелаRanawaka, Arachchige Dinusha. "Ion transfer stripping voltammetry method using conductive polymer to low concentration detection of environmental contaminants." Thesis, Arkansas State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10095768.
Повний текст джерелаDetecting environmental contaminants such as Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and Cr (VI) compounds is essential since they are highly toxic contaminants of many drinking water supplies leading to adverse health effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are common antidepressants therapeutics and fluoxetine; Prozac®, citalopram; Celexa ® and sertraline; Zoloft® were successfully detected in this study. Ion transfer stripping voltammetry (ITSV) was applied to detect those as cations at nanomolar concentrations using an inexpensive and disposable pencil lead electrode, with a lower detection limit of 30 nM. The pencil lead electrode was modified using the conducting polymer Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-C14) and PVC (poly-vinyl chloride) membrane. The PVC/PEDOT-C14 -modified electrode demonstrated a linear current response from 100 to 1000 nM for these therapeutics. Ion transfers of Hydrogen chromate as anions were studied using a double-polymer modified glassy carbon electrode using the conducting polymer poly (3-octylthiophene) (POT), and PVC membrane. Lipophilicity of Hydrogen chromate ions were evaluated comparing to other common inorganic contaminants. Exhaustive stripping of Hydrogen chromate ions in cyclic voltammetry and their relative high lipophilicity infer that ITSV can be successfully applied to detect them in future studies.
Vicente, Anne. "Développement d’un réseau trophique microbien standardisé pour l’évaluation de l’impact des contaminants sur les écosystèmes dulçaquicoles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0355.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of risk assessment, more environmentally realistic ecotoxicity tests taking complexity of ecosystems into account must be developed. Despite the importance of microorganisms in ecosystems and in their associated functional processes, this compartment is not enough taken into account in ecotoxicity assessment. The main objective of this thesis was the development of a model microbial food web to evaluate impact of contaminants on freshwater ecosystems. This network is composed of rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus, primary and secondary consumers) that feed on both algae (Chlorella vulgaris, primary producer) and protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis, bacterivorous ciliate). A nitrifying microbial consortium produced in the laboratory associated with protozoa constitute a microbial loop that ensure trophic links between bacteria and metazoans. Organisms of the microbial network are in interaction by trophic relationships (prey-predator) and/or by functions they ensure within the ecosystem (oxygen production, primary production, nutrient recycling). The system can evolve into 4 ml over at least 28 days without medium renewing and, for example can allow to analyze the resilience of the system over a long period of time. In order to better evaluate different effects of pollutants on the food web, various analytical methods have been adapted and tested on this system. Among them, monitoring rotifer population dynamics was found to be a suitable parameter to evaluate the response of the miniaturized ecosystem to contaminants in a simple and fast way
Ajalloueian, Mohammad. "Modélisation du transfert des contaminants dans un aquifère multicouche par une méthode de marche au hasard." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL013N.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Lihua. "Aging of NAPLs interfaces in porous media and their effects on mass transfer of organic contaminants." Tübingen Inst. für Geowiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/998360392/34.
Повний текст джерелаHerisson, Alexandre. "Flottation réactive à l'ozone de contaminants modèles issus de papiers récupérés : étude hydrodynamique et réactivité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI104.
Повний текст джерелаThe decrease of the recovered paper collection quality and the accumulation of dissolved substances in process water affect the deinking line efficiency and contaminate more and more the liquid effluents. In this context the LGP2 has developed an innovative deinking process, the ozone reactive flotation, to chemically degrade dissolved pollutants in parallel with ink removal. To better understand the mechanisms involved, air and ozone/oxygen flotation trials have been conducted on three model contaminants selected in a preliminary bibliographic review, in a two-phase gas/liquid system, in the absence of fibers. Experiments have been carried out on two instrumented laboratory pilots: a bubble column operating only with air for the study of the hydrodynamics of the reactor (bubbles size and distribution, gas hold-up) in the presence of dissolved contaminants, and a second one, similar in its conception but built using materials resistant to corrosive gas, dedicated to the study of the oxidation reactions with ozone. The evaluation of the hydrodynamics related to gas flow and injection system selected, studied with air but supposed to be the same with ozone/oxygen gas mixture, shows that the bubble size, with or without contaminants, is optimal for an efficient flotation process. The study of ozone mass transfer and reactivity with the three model contaminants, for several temperatures and ozone concentrations, leads to the calculation of kinetic constants and shows that the contaminants, depending on their nature, have been oxidized or depolymerized. Although the COD of the treated solutions does not decrease a lot after the ozone reactive flotation, the effluent quality has been improved in terms of biodegradability since contaminants are partially degraded
Raux, Julie. "Transferts des contaminants organiques dans les bassins versants du Pays du Roumois et du Plateau du Neubourg." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES026.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic micro-pollutants, pesticides and PAHs are on the priority list of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) for groundwater protection. If there is no major quantitative challenge for groundwater of the Roumois and Plateau of Neubourg, a deterioration of their quality is however observed. Indeed, the resource is extremely sensitive to diffuse contaminations caused by some fast connections between surfaces and underground and originating in agriculture & industrial activities and road traffic. Thus, it is necessary to study the fate of these molecules in these catchments. The transfer of micro-pollutants was studied both by monitoring the evolution of the chemical quality of water (major elements, PAHs and pesticides) and by characterizing the adsorption capacity of surficial materials. The results show a spatial variability between the two watersheds and temporal variability between seasons. The influence of meteorological and hydrogeological parameters has been demonstrated both in the total concentartions of pollutants and in the relative contribution of each of the compounds studied. Once being deposited on soils, these molecules are first transferred to the unsaturated zone of soil in the saturated zone and can reach the water reservoir for domestic purposes by lateral flows through karst conduits. This study highlighted the importance of the storage of pollutants in the agricultural soils of the Roumois, whose mobilisable fraction can represent up to 80% of the stock in the soil. Our results assist in establishing a conceptual transfer of pollutants by monitoring some target molecules, as fluoranthene (PAH) and Diflufenican (pesticide) within the continuum soil - water gravity - hydraulic downstream
Raux, Julie. "Transferts des contaminants organiques dans les bassins versants du Pays du Roumois et du Plateau du Neubourg." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731536.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Ningxin. "Processus de transfert de l’eau et des contaminants agricoles dans la zone non saturée de la craie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS588.
Повний текст джерелаThe chalk aquifer is an important source of drinking water, and the quality of which has deteriorated in recent decades, due to the use of fertilizers and pesticides on the surface. Chalk is a heterogeneous medium because of its double porosity: matrix and fractures, and often covered by superficial formations. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize the transfer processes of water and contaminants in the unsaturated zone (UZ), and to understand how they are influenced by the properties of the UZ. This study is carried out on the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud. The chalk is covered by a layer of clay of varying thickness. The quarry is at the boundary between the UZ and the saturated zone (ZS) allows direct access to the ZNS. On the ceiling, the water percolates and in the lower parts watertable forms lakes. The hydrochemical and hydrodynamic properties of 16 sites (lake + percolation) were observed for several years. The study of the spatio-temporal variation of groundwater shows: water and contaminants are transferred mainly by the matrix (~1 m / year) with a part transferred by fractures (~100 m / year) and these transfer rates vary depending on the type of molecule (different between solute and organic molecule); the transfers are mainly results of the piston flow with a small part of direct transfer. Characteristics of the UZ’ effect on water and contaminants transfers and pesticide degradation: deeper water table has fewer contaminants; clay-with-flints promotes pesticide degradation by creating a perched sheet in the near surface; clay-with-flints accelerates the transfer of water and contaminants through preferential paths
Staudinger, Jeff. "Evaluation of mass transfer correlations for packed column air stripping of volatile organic contaminants from water supplies." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101153.
Повний текст джерелаM.S.
Babey, Tristan. "Compartimentation et transfert de contaminants dans les milieux souterrains : interaction entre transport physique, réactivité chimique et activité biologique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S107/document.
Повний текст джерелаModelling of contaminant transfer in the subsurface classically relies on a detailed representation of transport processes (groundwater flow controlled by geological structures) coupled to chemical and biological reactivity (immobilization, degradation). Calibration of such detailed models is however often limited by the small amount of available data on the subsurface structures and characteristics. In this thesis, we develop an alternative approach of parsimonious models based on simple graphs of interconnected compartments, taken as generalized multiple interacting continua (MINC) and multiple rate mass transfer (MRMT). We show that this approach is well suited to systems where diffusion-like processes are dominant over advection, like for instance in soils or highly heterogeneous aquifers like fractured aquifers. Homogenization induced by diffusion reduces concentration gradients, speeds up mixing between chemical species and makes residence time distributions excellent proxies for reactivity. Indeed, simplified structures calibrated solely from transit time information prove to provide consistent estimations of non-linear reactivity (e.g. sorption and precipitation/dissolution). Finally, we show how these models can be applied to tracer observations and to biodegradation reactions. Two important advantages of these parsimonious approaches are their facility of development and application. They help identifying the major controls of exchanges between advective and diffusive zones or between inert and reactive zones. They are also amenable to extrapolate reactive processes at larger scale. The use of isotopic fractionation data is proposed to help discriminating between structure-induced effects and reactivity
Raoul, Francis. "Ecologie des transferts de contaminants dans les réseaux trophiques: application à Echinococcus multilocularis et aux éléments trace métalliques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952370.
Повний текст джерелаChong, Andrea Denise. "Unintentional contaminant transfer from groundwater to the vadose zone via gas exsolution and ebullition during remediation of volatile organic compounds." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57060.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
Mézière, Marie. "Analytical strategy development for the analysis of chlorinated paraffins : Study of the fate of those contaminants of emerging concern in the laying hens and contribution of the evaluation of the human dietary exposure." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR146F.
Повний текст джерелаChlorinated paraffins (CPs) are polychlorinated n-alkane chains, used as plasticizers, flame retardants or lubricants. While their ubiquity in the environment has been evidenced in various studies, the risk assessment related to the human exposure to those contaminants in Europe remains incomplete. As the lack of data arises from many analytical challenges, this thesis was initiated to develop an innovative analytical strategy and to provide new insight on the behaviour of CPs along the food chain and their occurrence in food. An analytical strategy based on LC-HRMS coupling was first implemented, with particular attention paid to their chromatographic separation and ionization efficiency. The finalised analytical strategy, including an optimized sample preparation and automated data processing, enables trace analysis (ppb) of CPs from C10 to C36 in complex biological matrices. This method was applied to study the behaviour of CPs in the laying hen according to chain length and degree of chlorination after dietary exposure. It was thus demonstrated that all CPs are bioavailable. Moreover, the CPs were found in the internal organs of the hen demonstrating their circulation in the organism, with the exception of the longest chains with a high chlorine content. Last, the analysis of various foodstuffs representing the household basket has allowed to present a first assessment of dietary exposure in France
Zhang, Yangyang. "Modeling and Design of Photocatalytic reactors for Air Purification." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4621.
Повний текст джерелаDurin, Leïla. "Transfert d'eau et de contaminants organiques dans les structures d'étanchéité synthétiques et minérales des centres de stockage de déchets ménagers." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112111.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Lihua [Verfasser]. "Aging of NAPLs interfaces in porous media and their effects on mass transfer of organic contaminants / vorgelegt von Lihua Liu." Tübingen : Inst. für Geowiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/998360392/34.
Повний текст джерелаSimon, Erwan. "Étude des mécanismes de mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques contaminants des sédiments fluviaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10150.
Повний текст джерелаThis study presents the consequences, on PAH mobility, of 3 possible actions a watercourse administrator can take while facing a contaminated sedimentary bed: no action, the opening of the canal to navigation and its dredging. In this respect, concentration rates of free Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons have been obtained in the sedimentary column and in the water column by displaying passive samplers on different locations along the watercourse, one of them being exposed to navigation. A follow-up is made before, during and after the dredging of the watercourse. The impact of the age of the sedimentary matrix and of the microbiologic activity on the PAH transfer to the water column is studied through a remobilized sediment in batch experiments. It is then observed that the PAH sorption increases with the age of the matrix in one homogenous section of the sedimentary column. However, in case of a discontinuity in the matrix nature, sudden variations of free PAH concentration can occur in interstitial water. It results in a diffusion of free PAH. This PAH diffusion is even more sensitive to the water-sediment interface, on which we can observe a transfer of the PAH towards the water column. Navigation decreases the boundary layer and thus reinforces theses transfers.The dredging of the sediment bed results in a large release of free PAH in the water column. Those PAH are fixed again by the suspended material. Yet, this new fixation is frail : the PAH can be freed once more by the biodegradation of the suspended material transporting them
Kim, Gene W. "Trophic transfer of energy and polychlorinated biphenyls by native and exotic fish in Lake Erie." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1174664048.
Повний текст джерелаBaudrot, Virgile. "Modélisation des interactions trophiques impliquant des transferts de contaminants biologiques et chimiques : application à Echinococcus multilocularis et aux éléments traces métalliques." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2019/document.
Повний текст джерелаStructure and strength of trophic interactions shaping food webs regulate a large part of biomass andenergy transfer in ecosystems, but also the transfer of biological and chemical contaminants. The aim ofthe PhD thesis is to develop models describing the mechanisms of contaminant transmission and using them to study the dynamics of infectious diseases and chemical pollutions, and also the response of trophic networks subject to those contaminations.[...] Following those works, a fourth step of the thesis has been to integrate trophic interactions, parasite dynamics and pollutions effects in order to study the stability of meta community (i.e. spatially connectedcommunities) and the risk of disease outbreaks. To do so, we use the theory of random matrices andwe introduced new criteria of metacommunity stability and of disease outbreak in metacommunity, both under external pressures. The study showed that external perturbations increase the risk of epidemics,but that those risks could be reduced with the dispersal of individuals (susceptible and infectious) underspecific conditions such as, for TTP, a greater number of species than that of connected ecosystems, and a smaller virulence than the contagion rate.In this way, in a context of planetary increase of anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems, this PhD thesis in modeling provides a set of tools and conceptual developments suitable to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the transfers and impacts of contaminants in ecosystems
Simon, Erwan. "Étude des mécanismes de mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques contaminants des sédiments fluviaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10150/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study presents the consequences, on PAH mobility, of 3 possible actions a watercourse administrator can take while facing a contaminated sedimentary bed: no action, the opening of the canal to navigation and its dredging. In this respect, concentration rates of free Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons have been obtained in the sedimentary column and in the water column by displaying passive samplers on different locations along the watercourse, one of them being exposed to navigation. A follow-up is made before, during and after the dredging of the watercourse. The impact of the age of the sedimentary matrix and of the microbiologic activity on the PAH transfer to the water column is studied through a remobilized sediment in batch experiments. It is then observed that the PAH sorption increases with the age of the matrix in one homogenous section of the sedimentary column. However, in case of a discontinuity in the matrix nature, sudden variations of free PAH concentration can occur in interstitial water. It results in a diffusion of free PAH. This PAH diffusion is even more sensitive to the water-sediment interface, on which we can observe a transfer of the PAH towards the water column. Navigation decreases the boundary layer and thus reinforces theses transfers.The dredging of the sediment bed results in a large release of free PAH in the water column. Those PAH are fixed again by the suspended material. Yet, this new fixation is frail : the PAH can be freed once more by the biodegradation of the suspended material transporting them
Coelho, Macedo Cláudia Filipa. "Transfer and effects of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on three plant species and one earthworm species in anthroposoils." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET008/document.
Повний текст джерелаA comprehensive study was conducted in two distinct areas (Estarreja in Portugal, noted EST, and Casier Peyraud 6 in France, noted PEY) to assess the contamination levels as well as their behavior in soils and the potential risks posed by these contaminants to soil organisms. The principal aim was to evaluate the environmental mobility of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in a terrestrial ecosystem, namely to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and plants (alfalfa (Medicago sativa), watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and white mustard (Sinapis alba)), concerning the BFRs transfer risk evaluation. The Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) as well as the SET and ERITME indexes were calculated. The BAF allow to determine if a substance is accumulated in a certain organism and if there exists the risk of entry and diffusion along the food chain. SET and ERITME indexes allow to rank the tested sites according to the effective OCs transfer from anthroposoils to the tested organisms and have an idea of the potential risk to the ec system. The SET index gives a global idea of the excess of transfer for all the contaminants in the studied matrices. The ERITME index allows to evaluate the possible inherent global environmental risk associated with the excess of transfer on the considered contaminants. Considering the ERITME values, the studied matrices can be classified in an apparent increasing order of toxicity that it is also in accordance with the levels of OCs found in the all the tested organisms (E. fetida, alfalfa, cress and mustard)
Ho, Son Hong. "Numerical modeling and simulation for analysis of convective heat and mass transfer in cryogenic liquid storage and HVAC&R applications." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002266.
Повний текст джерелаSatyamurthy, Ranjan. "Investigations of pile foundations in brownfields." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,219.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering"--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Bruner, Kathleen A. "Bioconcentration and trophic transfer of lipophilic contaminants by the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha : the role of lipid content, body size, and route of exposure /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784448589928.
Повний текст джерелаIlina, Tatiana. "Modèles pseudo-diphasiques de transport facilité des colloïdes en milieux faiblement perméables." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL001N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD thesis is to create and to develop a colloid suspension transport model in the saturated porous media that will be able to detect and to predict the apparition of the difference between water and suspension velocity; to distinguish cases of acceleration and of deceleration of the colloidal particles and also to calculate the two velocities using the initial information on the properties of porous media and of particles. We are proceeded by two different manners. Firstly, we are proposed an analytical method of calculation of enhancement velocity factor that can be introduced in the classic colloid transport model that is single-phase one. Secondly, we are proposed a new phenomenological mathematical approach to describe a colloid transport. To develop this approach, we are used the fact that two velocities appear automatically in the two-phase transport model. Thus our model must be similar to two-phase one. Therefore, for our mathematical model we are refused the traditional approach that assumes a transport of a single-phase liquid
Rahmeh, Mireille. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des performances de la ventilation mécanique par insufflation : qualité de l’air intérieur dans les bâtiments résidentiels." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS011/document.
Повний текст джерелаPoor indoor air quality has been ranked among the top five environmental risks on public health (EPA, 2013). The ventilation is a well-recognized solution for reducing the variety of contaminants that could be found inside residential buildings. However, as well as clean air is an essential factor for a healthy life and a healthy building, low energy consumption is significant for a healthy planet. For these reasons, scientific research are conducted to improve the performance of ventilation systems in order to obtain a balance in the controversial relationship between the air distribution and indoor air quality on the one hand and the thermal comfort and energy efficiency on the other hand. One of the existing ventilation systems is the Supply-Only Ventilation (SOV), known also as positive input ventilation (PIV). It functions by mechanically introducing fresh, filtered and preheated air into the center of the building. So far, the existing systems in France introduce air through one or two supply points (usually located in the center of the house). As for the evacuation, steal air goes out through natural vents installed in each room of the house. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of this system in terms of indoor air quality in a real environment and to find improvement field that will help in increasing the indoor air quality. Based on preliminary studies and on the airflow path principle required by French regulation, we decided to investigate a Multi Supply-Only Ventilation system (M-SOV). The idea is to have an insufflation point in the bedrooms and living room, while the free air outlets are located in the utility rooms (kitchen, bathroom and toilets). Different emission scenarios are experimentally simulated using tracer gas methods. The study shows that even though the flow rate of this system is lower than the extract only ventilation system (EOV), it provides satisfactory results. In addition, it helps fight against the confinement room and reduce the indoor particles concentrations originated from outdoor sources. A numerical study using a multizone airflow and contaminant transport model is performed. The numerical results show a good agreement with that of the experimental ones. Moreover, they are promising for the future parametric study in order to improve the SOV performance
Navarrete, Rivas Cláudia Andrea. "Estimativa da transferência de Salmonella typhimurium DT 177 entre faca de aço inoxidável e carne suína artificialmente contaminada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170373.
Повний текст джерелаCross-contamination by Salmonella spp. during the pig slaughtering process contributes to increase the prevalence of positive carcasses in pre-chilling. One of the factors that may contribute to cross-contamination is the implementation of cuts and palpation of carcasses during the inspection process. The present study aimed to estimate, through laboratory tests, the transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium between knife and swine meat, to support future analyzes applied to the slaughter process. Independent and random observations of the transfer of a strain of S. Typhimurium Ampicillin-resistant (AmpR) between knife and swine meat were conducted, which formed four collections of data: Data collection A: Transfer of S. Typhimurium AmpR from contaminated knife to one portion of swine meat cut once (n = 20); Data collection B: Transfer of S. Typhimurium AmpR from contaminated knife to swine meat portion cut five times in the same place (n=20); Data collection C: Transfer of S. Typhimurium AmpR from portion of contaminated meat swine to knife after a cut (n=20); Data collection D: Transfer of S. Typhimurium AmpR from swine meat portion contaminated to knife after five cuts in the same place (n=20). The transfer percentages between the data collection were compared by t-test for independent samples using the R Core Team software. The mean transfer percentages in the data collection A and B were 6,26% (4,7% - 7,7%) and 8,32% (6,4% - 10,2%). In the C and D data collections, mean transfer rates were, respectively, 0.42% (0.3% - 0.5%) and 0.3% (0.2% - 0.4%). There was not significant difference between transfer rates after one and five consecutive cuts. From this, it is concluded that there is transfer of S. Typhimurium from the knife to the swine meat as well as from the swine meat to the knife. The percentage of transfer of contaminated pork to the knife is low, while the contaminated knife transfers at high percentage of the total number of S. Typhimurium cells it carries during cuts.
Barraza, Castelo Fiorella. "Evaluation de l'exposition humaine liée aux activités pétrolières en Equateur : de la surveillance de la qualité de l'air à l'étude du transfert des contaminants métalliques dans le continuum sol-plante." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30168/document.
Повний текст джерелаEcuador is the 5th crude oil producer country in South America. Oil extraction and refining generate toxic waste containing metals co-emitted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), naturally present in crude oil or added during production, and known for their carcinogenic and toxic effects in humans. In this context and as a part of the ANR MONOIL program, the first aim of this PhD research was to determine the distribution of metal(loid)s in the environment in the provinces of Orellana and Sucumbíos (oil extraction, North Amazon " NAR ") and the city of Esmeraldas (oil refining, North Pacific Coast, " NPC "). The second aim was to determine if there was a transfer of toxic metals, such as Cd, from soil or air to cacao crops, widely cultivated in Ecuador, and if the consumption of cacao-based products could imply risks for human health. Finally, the third aim was to monitor air quality over 2 years in both areas to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities and the oxidative burden of particulate matter (PM10). Soils and local crops were collected in 31 small-scale farms, between 2014 and 2016. Monthly PM10 samples were collected in 3 sites, in the vicinity of oil platforms close to the refinery. PM10 chemical composition (contents in metals, organic and elementary carbon (OC, EC), ions, sugars, polyols, PAHs) was determined. Human health risk assessment was performed taking into account ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. Non carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects were quantified using the Hazard Index (HI) and the Total Cancer Risk (TCR). Bioaccessibility of Cd after ingestion was determined by the BARGE in vitro test in cacao beans and liquors. In aerosols, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was quantified using 3 acellular assays: DTT (dithiothreitol), AA (ascorbic acid) and DCFH (2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein). Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, V and Zn concentrations in 72% of the study soils exceeded the limits of the Ecuadorian legislation. For most of the crops, elements were below the limits of detection but, Cd in cacao and Pb in manioc were above the international standards for food quality. Cacao trees accumulate Cd in leaves, pod husks and beans. Because Cd contents in crude oil were below the detection limits, agrochemical products and natural inputs may also be important sources. Almost 100% of the total Cd content in cacao beans and liquor was bioaccessible by ingestion. The health risk after chocolate consumption was low to high, depending on the ingestion rate and the cacao liquor percentage. In PM10, As, Cd, Ni and Pb were below the EU thresholds. However, Ba and Mo, specific tracers of oil activities, used as weighting agents or catalyzers during drilling and refining, showed values much higher than those recorded in other urban-industrialized sites. PM10 composition depended on oil activity. OC/EC ratios were higher in the NAR (oil extraction) than in the NPC (oil refining), suggesting that biogenic emissions were more important in the Amazon area. PAHs contents were higher in the NPC, but levels of benzo-a-pyrene were below the EU limits. Oxidative potential results showed that compounds emitted by oil industry (PAHs, Ba, Ni, Zn) and by biomass burning (sugars) in the NAR as well as industrial tracers in the NPC (As, Ba, Ni, NH4+) were correlated with ROS generation. Regarding residential exposure, the main routes of exposure to metal(loid)s were first ingestion, inhalation and in a small extent soil dermal contact, being both children and adults vulnerable. Finally, the oil Ecuadorian environment is not only contaminated by oil activities. Other factors like deforestation, agriculture and natural emissions (volcanos) in the NAR and industries in the NPC also contribute to environmental damages and may lead to adverse health effects
Derdar, Mawaheb M. Zarok. "Experimental and kinetic modelling of multicomponent gas/liquid ozone reactions in aqueous phase. Experimental investigation and Matlab modelling of the ozone mass transfer and multicomponent chemical reactions in a well agitatated semi-batch gas/liquid reactor." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4872.
Повний текст джерелаMinistry of Higher Education in Libya and the Libyan Cultural Centre and Educational Bureau in London.
Derdar, Mawaheb M. Zarok. "Experimental and kinetic modelling of multicomponent gas/liquid ozone reactions in aqueous phase : experimental investigation and Matlab modelling of the ozone mass transfer and multicomponent chemical reactions in a well agitated semi-batch gas/liquid reactor." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4872.
Повний текст джерелаPerrier, Fanny. "Nanocontamination d'organismes aquatiques par des particules inorganiques : transfert trophique et impacts toxiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0959.
Повний текст джерелаDue to an increasing and massive use, engineered nanoparticles are raising as potentialemerging contaminants in the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. While trophictransfer appears to constitute a major exposure route for organisms, scientific literature hasdifficulties to respond to the questions raised to explore the range of the interactions existingbetween nanoparticles and living organisms at different scales from the trophic interactionsto the cellular impacts. This problem is partly due to experimental difficulties inherent tothis exposure type. For this work performed in controlled laboratory conditions, sphericalgold nanoparticles (10 nm, coated with PEG-amines, positively charged) were chosen tostudy the trophic transfer and toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Trophic chains concernedseveral trophic levels (up to three) with a variety of species considered : the basis of thetrophic web with natural biofilms or microalgae, intermediate levels with grazing fish orsuspensivorous bivalves, and up to top food chain organisms, with the European eel, a carnivorousfish.With relatively low doses for exposures, this work tends to represent environmentalconditions. Integrative methodological approaches from subcellular to tissue levels(RT-qPCR, RNA-sequencing, histology) were performed in order to assess toxic impacts.The results indicate a high retention capacity of nanoparticles by natural biofilms. Followinga 21-day exposure, gold quantifications reveal a transfer from biofilms to grazing fish, witha gold distribution in all organs. Moreover, this transfer is associated with an inflammatoryresponse according to the histological lesions observed in the liver, spleen and muscle ofexposed fish. A longer food chain, with three trophic levels involving microalgae - bivalves- European eels, is set up to give a better representation of the complexity of trophic interactionsin the aquatic environment. It shows a significant transfer to the predatory fish.Transcriptomic analyses, using the RNA-sequencing approach, for the liver and the brain ofexposed eels by nanoparticles’ enriched food, highlight a joint response for these two organsin the biological processes associated with the immune system and its regulation, includingNOD-like receptors involved in inflammasome.All the experimental results suggest long-term harmful effects that nanoparticles would generatein aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the ability of these contaminants to be transferredthroughout trophic chains
Smith, Rose-Michelle. "Transfert de polluants émergents issus du secteur de la santé entre les compartiments sol/sédiment et eau en présence de cuivre- Effet cocktail." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS047.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at studying the behaviour of pharmaceuticals in the environment at sediment/soil-water interfaces in order to better understand the involved processes following their release, their fate and their impact. Thus, the retention of four pharmaceuticals was investigated on different solids (soil/sediment). The cation exchange capacity has been identified as the parameter governing the propranolol retention and the pH value governing sotalol adsorption. In the case of contaminant mixtures, a competition for the surface sites was evidenced with in particular a decrease of sotalol and furosemide adsorption.The influence of copper, a ubiquitous metal in the environment, on pharmaceutical retention was also studied. Although copper did not influence the retention of propranolol, sotalol and furosemide, its presence increased the mobility of sulfamethoxazole in the environment by decreasing its adsorption. Finally, it has been shown that the presence of these pollutants in the environment induced toxic effects on aquatic organisms