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Статті в журналах з теми "Contaminant of emerging concern"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2022

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1

Kadmi, Yassine, Lidia Favier, Mouni Lotfi, Noureddine Nasrallah, and Dominique Wolbert. "A highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of a toxic water disinfection by-product, N-nitrosomethylethylamine." Anal. Methods 6, no. 10 (2014): 3231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00146j.

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2

Browne, Mark, Tamara Galloway, and Richard Thompson. "Microplastic - an emerging contaminant of potential concern?" Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management preprint, no. 2007 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/ieam_2007-048.

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3

Browne, Mark A., Tamara Galloway, and Richard Thompson. "Microplastic-an emerging contaminant of potential concern?" Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 3, no. 4 (October 2007): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.5630030412.

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4

Vandermeersch, Griet, Helena Maria Lourenço, Diana Alvarez-Muñoz, Sara Cunha, Jorge Diogène, German Cano-Sancho, Jens J. Sloth, et al. "Environmental contaminants of emerging concern in seafood – European database on contaminant levels." Environmental Research 143 (November 2015): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.011.

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5

Galindo-Miranda, J. Manuel, Cecilia Guízar-González, Elías J. Becerril-Bravo, Gabriela Moeller-Chávez, Elizabeth León-Becerril, and Ramiro Vallejo-Rodríguez. "Occurrence of emerging contaminants in environmental surface waters and their analytical methodology – a review." Water Supply 19, no. 7 (June 10, 2019): 1871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.087.

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Abstract A new concern about surface water quality is the occurrence of emerging contaminants that have being recognized as a new class of water contaminants such as antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, personal care products and pharmaceutical products. The occurrence of these contaminants in the aquatic environment and especially in surface water is a serious concern because this is usually the source of water for drinking water treatment plants (DWTP). This review provides a summary of the occurrence and the analytical methodology (extraction process, chromatography analysis, detection systems and ionization source) of emerging contaminant analysis in surface waters including rivers, lakes, creeks and wetlands for their analysis.

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6

Gewurtz, Sarah B., and Miriam L. Diamond. "Distribution and burdens of bioaccumulative contaminants in the Lake Erie food web: A review." Environmental Reviews 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a03-014.

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The bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in the Lake Erie food web is reviewed in context of the numerous changes experienced by the system. In the late 1960s, internal lake processes, related to the eutrophic status of the lake, minimized contaminant bioaccumulation despite high contaminant loadings. From the 1970s to 1980s contaminant concentrations decreased at different rates in many species of different trophic levels, coincident with decreased loadings to the lake. Since the early 1980s contaminant concentrations in biota have not changed consistently. Several factors have been proposed to account for these patterns, including reduced nutrient loadings and productivity, and the invasion of several exotic species such as zebra mussels. These factors have altered the food web structure and the internal distribution of contaminants in the lake. Emerging and continuing issues, such as climate change, invasions of additional exotic species, new chemical contaminants of concern, and algal toxins will likely impact contaminant dynamics in the future.Key words: Lake Erie, bioaccumulative contaminants, food web.

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7

Anderko, Laura, Emma Pennea, and Stephanie Chalupka. "Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: An Emerging Contaminant of Concern." Annual Review of Nursing Research 38, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.38.159.

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Concerns about the health impacts from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) continue to grow as the science continues to emerge associating this chemical family with a wide range of health impacts. PFAS exposure may affect growth, learning, and behavior of infants and older children, and also impact reproductive health, cardiovascular health, and the immune system. PFAS exposure is widespread, with communities surrounding military bases at potentially greater risk of exposure from the use of fire fighting foam that may have entered the drinking water. As trusted health professionals, nurses have been in the frontlines communicating risks regarding PFAS to impacted communities. This chapter describes a large number of PFAS studies in blood and harmful health effects in people. The chapter discusses primary sources of exposure and risk reduction. It explains health advisory levels, minimal risk levels. The chapter provides medical testing and medical management.

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8

Kuskopf, Laura, Madoc Sheehan, and Anna Whelan. "Contaminants of Emerging Concern." Water e-Journal 5, no. 3 (2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2020.019.

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There are potentially many thousands of municipally derived contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) present in discharged wastewaters that may cause adverse effects in receiving aquatic environments. Wastewater authorities, therefore, may face the momentous task of investigating these compounds with little or no prior CEC data for their sewage treatment plants (STPs). Such is the case for the Cleveland Bay Sewage Treatment Plant (CBSTP). To evaluate the potential environmental risk posed by municipal CECs, it is first necessary to understand which CECs are present in discharging wastewater, how they will be sampled and quantified, and which CECs are the most concerning regarding ecological risk. A Sampling Analysis and Quality Plan (SAQP) is a valuable tool that can be used to critically review and detail the strategy that will be adopted to achieve these outcomes. As such, this paper describes the development of a SAQP for screening wastewaters released from the CBSTP into Cleveland Bay as part of a preliminary CEC assessment. This paper describes the qualitative decision-making process employed to shortlist CECs into those perceived to pose the greatest ecological risk. In addition, the rationale and methods adopted to determine sampling locations and frequency are described.

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9

Naidu, R., and M. H. Wong. "Contaminants of emerging concern." Science of The Total Environment 463-464 (October 2013): 1077–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.085.

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10

Cotruvo, Joseph A., and Andrew D. Eaton. "Contaminants of Emerging Concern." Journal - American Water Works Association 110, no. 4 (April 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1057.

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11

Samanta, Sucharita, Somnath Chowdhury, Debasis DasSharma, and Gopinath Halder. "The biosorptive uptake of enrofloxacin from synthetically produced contaminated water by tamarind seed derived activated carbon." RSC Advances 10, no. 2 (2020): 1204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08995k.

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12

Moreira, Juliana Botelho, Thaisa Duarte Santos, Munise Zaparoli, Ana Claudia Araujo de Almeida, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, and Michele Greque de Morais. "An Overview of Nanofiltration and Nanoadsorption Technologies to Emerging Pollutants Treatment." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 8352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168352.

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The presence of emerging contaminants in water resources has been a global concern due to their environmental impact and effects on human and animal health. These compounds include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, fire retardants, hormones, and plasticizers, among others. These contaminants are not completely removed during water and wastewater conventional treatment. Thus, alternative processes are necessary to face this issue. In this context, nanotechnology represents a promising strategy for the remediation of emerging contaminants. Nanostructured materials have highlighted properties, such as adsorption capacity and porosity, chemical stability, reactivity, mobility, and antimicrobial activity. The diversity of nanomaterials and the possibility of combining them contribute to their application in contaminant mitigation. Furthermore, they can be used in different removal techniques such as adsorption, and membrane filtration. Thus, this review article provides an overview and advances in the production and application of nanofiltration membranes and adsorbent nanomaterials for the treatment of effluents containing emerging pollutants.

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13

Kudlek, Edyta. "Transformation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) during UV-Catalyzed Processes Assisted by Chlorine." Catalysts 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121432.

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Every compound that potentially can be harmful to the environment is called a Contaminant of Emerging Concern (CEC). Compounds classified as CECs may undergo different transformations, especially in the water environment. The intermediates formed in this way are considered to be toxic against living organisms even in trace concentrations. We attempted to identify the intermediates formed during single chlorination and UV-catalyzed processes supported by the action of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide or ozone of selected contaminants of emerging concern. The analysis of post-processing water samples containing benzocaine indicated the formation of seven compound intermediates, while ibuprofen, acridine and β-estradiol samples contained 5, 5, and 3 compound decomposition by-products, respectively. The number and also the concentration of the intermediates decreased with the time of UV irradiation. The toxicity assessment indicated that the UV-catalyzed processes lead to decreased toxicity nature of post-processed water solutions.

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14

Sanderson, Hans, and Keith Solomon. "CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN CHALLENGE ECOTOXICOLOGY." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 28, no. 7 (2009): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/09-119.1.

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15

Macdonald, Robie W., Brian Morton, and Sophia C. Johannessen. "A review of marine environmental contaminant issues in the North Pacific: The dangers and how to identify them." Environmental Reviews 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 103–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a03-017.

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Chemical contaminants in the North Pacific Ocean include hydrocarbons, persistent organic pollutants, metals, persistent solids, and domestic pollutants. Here, we review contaminant research conducted over the past decade, finding that the effects of contaminants cannot be considered in isolation from other major factors causing change to North Pacific ecosystems. Climate change, over-fishing, habitat destruction, eutrophication, and the introduction of exotic species interact with one another and alter contaminant pathways. Climate change and over-fishing are perceived as the main threats to the remote northern marginal seas, the central North Pacific, and the west coast of North America, with contaminants engendering local concern, especially in semi-enclosed bodies of water. Climate change receives less attention in Asian waters, probably because widespread habitat destruction and contamination provide, by themselves, an impending ecological disaster. A systematic approach is urgently required to recognize and prioritize the threats to North Pacific coastal ecosystems. This should include box models, case studies, proxy records, and time series. The ocean should be monitored as a system, including physical media (water, sediment) and the full trophic range of the food web, and tissues should be preserved in archives to provide a resource for understanding emerging concerns. Finally, the development of ecological indicators is urgently required to provide a robust warning system based on the health of the marine ecosystems themselves. It is time to conduct a multi-national assessment of the North Pacific Ocean to develop a common, factual awareness of the threats looming over our coastal waters. Key words: contaminants, climate change, ecosystem change, monitoring, North Pacific, trends.

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16

Coffin, Scott, Holly Wyer, and J. C. Leapman. "Addressing the environmental and health impacts of microplastics requires open collaboration between diverse sectors." PLOS Biology 19, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): e3000932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000932.

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Public concern over the environmental and public health impacts of the emerging contaminant class “microplastics” has recently prompted government agencies to consider mitigation efforts. Microplastics do not easily fit within traditional risk-based regulatory frameworks because their persistence and extreme diversity (of size, shape, and chemical properties associated with sorbed chemicals) result in high levels of uncertainty in hazard and exposure estimates. Due to these serious complexities, addressing microplastics’ impacts requires open collaboration between scientists, regulators, and policymakers. Here we describe ongoing international mitigation efforts, with California as a case study, and draw lessons from a similarly diverse and environmentally persistent class of emerging contaminants (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) that is already disrupting traditional regulatory paradigms, discuss strategies to address challenges associated with developing health-protective regulations and policies related to microplastics, and suggest ways to maximize impacts of research.

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17

Kanwischer, Marion, Noomi Asker, Ann-Sofie Wernersson, Marisa A. Wirth, Kathrin Fisch, Elin Dahlgren, Helena Osterholz, et al. "Substances of emerging concern in Baltic Sea water: Review on methodological advances for the environmental assessment and proposal for future monitoring." Ambio 51, no. 6 (October 12, 2021): 1588–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01627-6.

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AbstractThe Baltic Sea is among the most polluted seas worldwide. Anthropogenic contaminants are mainly introduced via riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition. Regional and international measures have successfully been employed to reduce concentrations of several legacy contaminants. However, current Baltic Sea monitoring programs do not address compounds of emerging concern. Hence, potentially harmful pharmaceuticals, UV filters, polar pesticides, estrogenic compounds, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or naturally produced algal toxins are not taken into account during the assessment of the state of the Baltic Sea. Herein, we conducted literature searches based on systematic approaches and compiled reported data on these substances in Baltic Sea surface water and on methodological advances for sample processing and chemical as well as effect-based analysis of these analytically challenging marine pollutants. Finally, we provide recommendations for improvement of future contaminant and risk assessment in the Baltic Sea, which revolve around a combination of both chemical and effect-based analyses.

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18

Marasco Júnior, César Augusto, Natália Da Costa Luchiari, and Paulo Clairmont Feitosa Lima Gomes. "Occurrence of caffeine in wastewater and sewage and applied techniques for analysis: a review." Eclética Química Journal 44, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v44.4.2019.p11-26.

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Emerging contaminants are substances found in the environment whose concentrations vary from µg to ng L-1 and whose presence in wastewater has gained popularity in the scientific community due to the potential impacts these compounds can cause to the environment. This designation concerns the lack of legislation to regulate their discharge or even to monitor these compounds. Moreover, emerging contaminants are capable of causing harmful effects to nontarget organisms and therefore affect the ecosystem balance. There are several compounds classified as emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, hormones, pesticides, among others. And among them, caffeine is considered an emerging contaminant and can be highlighted due its presence in medicines, beverages, foodstuff and several other products. In addition, it is a compound used worldwide recognized as a marker of anthropogenic activity. In this review, we present a discussion about emerging contaminants, focusing on caffeine, regulatory aspects that involve the theme, as well as effects on organisms, removal technologies and techniques for analyzing these compounds in environmental matrices.

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19

Rahmati, Shahrooz, William Doherty, Arman Amani Babadi, Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor, Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli, Volker Hessel, and Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov. "Gold–Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Contaminant Sensing." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060719.

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The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.

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20

Shikha, Swarna, and Pammi Gauba. "Phytoremediation of Industrial and Pharmaceutical Pollutants." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 02 (2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2016.02.341789.

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Pollution in water bodies and soil is a major and ever-increasing environmental issue nowadays, and most conventional remediation approaches do not provide appropriate solutions. The contamination of soil is a major concern for the environment and needs to be remediated. These pollutants include complex organic compounds, heavy metals released from industries and plants and natural products such as oils from accidental release. Further the nature of pollution will be governed by the source and type of the contaminant, and other inorganic compounds are released into the environment from a number of sources like mining, smelting, electroplating, and farming. Plants can clean up many types of contaminants like metals, pesticides, oils, and explosives. Phytoremediation is emerging as a bio-based and low-cost alternative in the cleanup of heavy metal-contaminated soils.

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21

Llamas, Marta, Iñaki Vadillo-Pérez, Lucila Candela, Pablo Jiménez-Gavilán, Carmen Corada-Fernández, and Antonio F. Castro-Gámez. "Screening and Distribution of Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Regulated Organic Pollutants in the Heavily Modified Guadalhorce River Basin, Southern Spain." Water 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113012.

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Emerging pollutants have aroused an increasing concern due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and harmful potential. Both emerging (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products) and regulated organic pollutants pose a serious threat to water quality and their presence and spatial distribution are complicated to address as they can derive from several factors: distribution of point and diffuse sources, environmental conditions, hydrogeological features of the region and inherent properties of the considered contaminants. In this study, a ground and surface water monitoring campaign was conducted in the three main detritic groundwater bodies of an extensive and heavily modified river basin in order to draft an initial description of the occurrence and distribution of a wide range of organic contaminants. In total, 63 out of 185 target pollutants were detected. An attempt to understand the importance of different factors governing the distribution of some of the most frequently found pollutants was made. Antibiotics spatial distribution is potentially influenced by the hydrogeological functioning of the basin modified by hydraulic infrastructures (reflected by hydrochemistry and environmental tracers δ2H and δ18O), not directly related to the distribution of potential sources. The presence of other organic pollutants does not reflect an evident correlation with flow pathways. Differences in contaminant occurrence are potentially attributed to the way pollutants are released into the environment as well as physico-chemical properties.

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22

Metcalfe, Chris D. "Pharmaceutical contaminants of emerging concern in the environment." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 32, no. 8 (July 10, 2013): 1683–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2293.

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23

Battaglin, William A., and Alan Kolok. "Featured Collection Introduction: Contaminants of Emerging Concern II." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 50, no. 2 (April 2014): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12176.

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24

Fatta-Kassinos, Despo, and Costas Michael. "Wastewater reuse applications and contaminants of emerging concern." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20, no. 6 (April 24, 2013): 3493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1699-5.

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25

Diamond, Jerry, and G. Allen Burton. "Moving Beyond the Term “Contaminants of Emerging Concern”." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 40, no. 6 (April 23, 2021): 1527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5022.

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26

Pontius, Frederick Wendell. "Emerging Contaminants in Water: Detection, Treatment, and Regulation." Water 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111470.

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27

Tognon, Gianluca. "Emerging Food Chemical Contaminants from Industry Pollution." European Journal of Risk Regulation 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002816.

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In May 2011, the illegal use of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in clouding agents for use in foods and beverages was reported in Taiwan. This food scandal has caused shock and panic among the majority of Taiwanese people and has attracted international attention raising once again concern regarding the contamination of food by chemical toxic compounds. However, although these accidents cause a lot of concern, it is worth remembering that governments throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. In Europe in particular, food policy is based on high safety standards, aimed to protect and promote consumers’ health. EU legislation specifies that food containing a level of contaminants that is unacceptable from a public health viewpoint, cannot be put on the market.Currently, one of the great challenges in food safety is the control of risks associated with mixtures of contaminants, which are constantly changing. Food may be contaminated by chemical substances through production practices, packaging, transport, or storage. The contamination might also result from environmental pollution through contaminated air, water, soil, and accumulation in the food chain. Among the most prominent groups of emerging food contaminants, those from industrial sources (perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and, partially, nanomaterials) cause particular concern. Many of these can be associated with severe damage to human health, for example some are suspected to be cancer promoters. Other compounds have been associated with endocrine disruptor effects, or can be accumulated and biomagnified through the food chain.

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28

Park, Minji, and Mi-Hyun Park. "Evaluation of Watershed Susceptibility to Contaminants of Emerging Concern." Journal - American Water Works Association 107, no. 4 (April 2015): E174—E186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0015.

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29

Rossner, Alfred, Shane A. Snyder, and Detlef R. U. Knappe. "Removal of emerging contaminants of concern by alternative adsorbents." Water Research 43, no. 15 (August 2009): 3787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.009.

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30

Diamond, Jerome M., Henry A. Latimer, Kelly R. Munkittrick, Kent W. Thornton, Steven M. Bartell, and Karen A. Kidd. "Prioritizing contaminants of emerging concern for ecological screening assessments." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, no. 11 (October 15, 2011): 2385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.667.

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31

Meador, James P., Andrew Yeh, Graham Young, and Evan P. Gallagher. "Contaminants of emerging concern in a large temperate estuary." Environmental Pollution 213 (June 2016): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.088.

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32

Battaglin, William A., and Dana W. Kolpin. "Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Introduction to a Featured Collection." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00299.x.

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33

Baker, Erin S., and Detlef R. U. Knappe. "Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)—contaminants of emerging concern." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 414, no. 3 (December 2, 2021): 1187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03811-9.

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34

Awuchi, Chinaza, and Ikechukwu Amagwula. "Environmental Pollutants and Contaminants of Emerging Concern: An African Perspective." Journal La Lifesci 2, no. 3 (September 16, 2021): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v2i3.418.

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Анотація:

This review focuses on the environmental pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern in Africa. There is increasing reports and identification of ecotoxicological impact of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), such as plastic, pharmaceutical products, modern pesticides, and personal care products, in terrestrial and aquatic environment within Africa. Identification of CECs, including pharmaceuticals, plastic wastes, pesticide residues, fungal toxins, and personal care products, have been documented in African region including in sediments, sludge, treated drinking water, surface water, wastewater, groundwater, land, solid deposits, etc. Some of the emerging pollutants of concern to environment and humans include lindane, heptachlor, endrin, endosulfan, dieldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), benzaldehyde, aldrin, bisphenol A, phthalates, bisphenol S, etc. There is need for more studies to identify and quantify the existing and more emerging pollutants.

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35

Smiljanić, Danijela, Aleksandra Daković, Milena Obradović, Milica Ožegović, Francesco Izzo, Chiara Germinario, and Bruno de Gennaro. "Application of Surfactant Modified Natural Zeolites for the Removal of Salicylic Acid—A Contaminant of Emerging Concern." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 7728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247728.

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This work aimed to test composites (surfactant modified zeolites prepared by treatment of natural zeolites—clinoptilolite (IZ CLI) and/or phillipsite (PHIL75)-rich tuffs with two different amounts of cationic surfactants: cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) and Arquad® 2HT-75 (ARQ)) for the adsorption of salicylic acid (SA)—a common contaminant of emerging concern. Adsorption of SA was studied at different initial drug concentrations (in the range of 2–100 mg/L) in water solution. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the highest adsorption was achieved by bilayer composite of IZ CLI and CPyCl—around 11 mg/g. Kinetic runs were performed by using the initial drug concentration of 20 mg/L in the time interval from 0 to 75 min and pseudo-second order had good correlation with experimental data. The influence of the four different temperatures on the SA adsorption was also investigated and thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption drug onto composites is an exothermic and nonspontaneous process, followed by the decrease of randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption. Zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) had been performed for the characterization of composites after adsorption of SA confirming the presence of the drug at composite surfaces.

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36

Ekwomadu, Theodora I., Stephen A. Akinola, and Mulunda Mwanza. "Fusarium Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 11741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211741.

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The genus Fusarium produces a number of mycotoxins of diverse chemical structures. Fusariotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi of the genus Fusarium. The important and commonly encountered fusariotoxins are trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Fusarium mycotoxins pose varying toxicities to humans and/or animals after consumption of contaminated grain. They can cause acute or chronic illness and, in some cases, death. For instance, a range of Fusarium mycotoxins can alter different intestinal defense mechanisms, such as the epithelial integrity, cell proliferation, mucus layer, immunoglobulins, and cytokine production. Of recent concern is the occurrence of emerging and masked Fusarium mycotoxins in agricultural commodities, which may contribute to toxic health effects, although the metabolic fate of masked mycotoxins still remains a matter of scientific discussion. These mycotoxins have attracted attention worldwide because of their impact on human and animal health, animal productivity, and the associated economic losses. In this paper, we review Fusarium mycotoxins and their metabolites with the aim of summarizing the baseline information on the types, occurrence, and health impacts of these mycotoxins in order to encourage much-needed research on integrated management of this unavoidable food contaminant as concerns for food safety continues to grow worldwide.

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Heberer, Th, K. Reddersen, and A. Mechlinski. "From municipal sewage to drinking water: fate and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment in urban areas." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0060.

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Recently, the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment was recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry and as a matter of public concern. Residues of PhACs have been found as contaminants in sewage, surface, and ground- and drinking water samples. Since June 2000, a new long-term monitoring program of sewage, surface, ground- and drinking water has been carried out in Berlin, Germany. Samples, collected periodically from selected sites in the Berlin area, are investigated for residues of PhACs and related contaminants. The purpose of this monitoring is to investigate these compounds over a long time period to get more reliable data on their occurrence and fate in the different aquatic compartments. Moreover, the surface water investigations allow the calculation of season-dependent contaminant loads in the Berlin waters. In the course of the monitoring program, PhACs and some other polar compounds were detected at concentrations up to the μg/L-level in all compartments of the Berlin water cycle. The monitoring is accompanied and supported by several other investigations such as laboratory column experiments and studies on bank filtration and drinking water treatment using conventional or membrane filtration techniques.

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38

Oró-Nolla, Bernat, Silvia Lacorte, Kristine Vike-Jonas, Susana V. Gonzalez, Torgeir Nygård, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, and Veerle L. B. Jaspers. "Occurrence of Bisphenols and Benzophenone UV Filters in White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from Smøla, Norway." Toxics 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9020034.

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There is a growing concern about the occurrence of bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters in natural ecosystems, while data are limited regarding their actual occurrence in wildlife species, especially in raptors. In this study, concentrations of bisphenol and benzophenone UV filter analogues were determined in liver tissue samples (n = 38) from white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) that were found dead in Smøla (2006–2018), which is a Norwegian municipality that holds one of the densest breeding populations of white-tailed eagles in Europe. Bisphenol AF (BPAF; a fluorinated analogue) was the most ubiquitous contaminant since it was detected in 32 liver samples at concentrations ranging from 1.08 to 6.68 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), followed by bisphenol A (BPA, mean 10.4 ng/g w.w.), benzophenone-1 (BzP-1, mean 3.24 ng/g w.w.), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BzP, mean 0.62 ng/g w.w.). The concentrations found in livers suggested that white-tailed eagles potentially accumulate bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters, which raises concern, as these plastic and personal care product-related emerging contaminants can show endocrine-disrupting properties. The high detection frequency of the fluorinated BPAF warrants further attention as other fluorinated compounds have proven to be extremely persistent and potentially harmful to wildlife.

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39

Mangalgiri, K. P., K. He, and L. Blaney. "Emerging Contaminants: A Potential Human Health Concern for Sensitive Populations." PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 69, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2015.01034.

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40

Olson, Gregg, Andrzej Wilczak, Manouchehr Boozarpour, Andrew DeGraca, and June M. Weintraub. "Evaluating and Prioritizing Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water." Journal - American Water Works Association 109 (December 1, 2017): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0151.

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41

Martín-Girela, Isabel, Beatriz Albero, Brijesh K. Tiwari, Esther Miguel, and Ramón Aznar. "Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Microalgae Food Supplements." Separations 7, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7020028.

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The frenetic lifestyle in the developed countries has driven us to be deficient in some nutrients, which may be overcome by supplements. Microalgae, like spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and chlorella (Chlorella ssp.) are widely used as supplements due to their high contents of macro- and micronutrients. Chlorella and spirulina can be grown naturally in a range of water bodies, showing their high adaptability to harsh environments. They are mainly produced in countries with poor water quality and sometimes inexistent water legislation, which can be a vector of micropollutant introduction into the food chain. Thus, a method for the simultaneous determination of 31 emerging contaminants commonly found as micropollutants in freshwater (pharmaceutical and personal care products, hormones, flame retardants and biocides) in two microalgae is presented. Target contaminants were extracted from the microalgae employing ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The method was validated for chlorella and spirulina with recoveries ranging from 70% to 111% at concentrations of 25 and 100 ng·g−1, and good linearity in the range from 5 to 400 ng·g−1 with limits of detection below 2.5 ng·g−1, in both microalgae. The method validated was applied to a range of microalgae supplement foods and the results proved that the compounds studied were below limits of detection.

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42

Kudlek, Edyta. "Decomposition of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Advanced Oxidation Processes." Proceedings 2, no. 5 (November 16, 2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-2-04949.

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43

Biel-Maeso, Miriam, Victoria Burke, Janek Greskowiak, Gudrun Massmann, Pablo A. Lara-Martín, and Carmen Corada-Fernández. "Mobility of contaminants of emerging concern in soil column experiments." Science of The Total Environment 762 (March 2021): 144102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144102.

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44

Yan, Song, S. Bala Subramanian, R. D. Tyagi, Rao Y. Surampalli, and Tian C. Zhang. "Emerging Contaminants of Environmental Concern: Source, Transport, Fate, and Treatment." Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 14, no. 1 (January 2010): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.1944-8376.0000015.

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45

Epstein, Eliot. "EMERGING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN FROM LAND APPLICATION OF BIOSOLIDS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784343261.

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46

Kudlek, Edyta. "Decomposition of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Advanced Oxidation Processes." Water 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070955.

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This paper compares the removal degrees of selected contaminants of emerging concern in water solutions during advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as H2O2, O3, UV, UV/TiO2, UV/H2O2, and UV/O3. The tested micropollutants belong to the following groups: pharmaceuticals, dyes, UV filters, hormones, pesticides, and food additives. The highest removal rate of pharmaceutical compounds was observed during the UV/TiO2 process. The decomposition of hormones in this process exceeded 96% and the concentration of the UV filter dioxybenzone was reduced by 75%. The pesticide triallat and the food additive butylated hydroxytoluene were most effectively oxidized by the UV process and their removal degrees exceeded 90%. The lowest removal degree in all examined processes was observed in the case of caffeine. Toxicological analysis conducted in post-processed water samples indicated the generation of several oxidation by-products with a high toxic potential. The presence of those compounds was confirmed by the GC-MS analysis. The performance of the UV/O3 process leads to the increase of the toxicity of post-processed water solutions, especially solutions containing degradation by-products of carbamazepine, diclofenac sodium salt, acridine, trialatte, triclosan, and β-estradiol were characterized by high toxicity.

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47

Sangion, Alessandro, and Paola Gramatica. "PBT assessment and prioritization of contaminants of emerging concern: Pharmaceuticals." Environmental Research 147 (May 2016): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.021.

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48

Pillai, Suresh C., Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, John A. Byrne, Alejandro Pérez-Larios, and Dionysios D. Dionysiou. "Photocatalysis for disinfection and removal of contaminants of emerging concern." Chemical Engineering Journal 261 (February 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.001.

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49

Edwards, Quincy A., Tamanna Sultana, Sergei M. Kulikov, Leah D. Garner-O’Neale, Viviane Yargeau, and Chris D. Metcalfe. "Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Wastewaters in Barbados, West Indies." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 101, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2346-0.

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50

Halden, Rolf U. "Epistemology of contaminants of emerging concern and literature meta-analysis." Journal of Hazardous Materials 282 (January 2015): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.074.

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