Книги з теми "Contaminant of emerging concern"
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1
U, Halden Rolf, American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry, and American Chemical Society, eds. Contaminants of emerging concern in the environment: Ecological and human health considerations. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2010.
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Halden, Rolf U., ed. Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Environment: Ecological and Human Health Considerations. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1048.
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Opsahl, Stephen P. Detections, concentrations, and distributional patterns of compounds of emerging concern in the San Antonio River basin, Texas, 2011-12. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey, 2013.
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Kumar, Manish, Sanjeeb Mohapatra, and Kishor Acharya. Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003247869.
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Kendall, Ronald J. Wildlife toxicology: Emerging contaminant and biodiversity issues. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010.
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Democracy in Japan: The emerging global concern. New York: Crown Publishers, 1994.
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Alok, Bhandari, Environmental Council of the States (U.S.). Emerging Contaminants of Concern Task Commitee., and Environmental and Water Resources Institute (U.S.), eds. Contaminants of emerging environmental concern. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009.
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Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water and Wastewater. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2016-0-05074-x.
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Fontanals, Núria, and Rosa Maria Marcé, eds. Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern. Wiley, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119763895.
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Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2019-0-04410-x.
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J, Kendall Ronald, ed. Wildlife toxicology: Emerging contaminant and biodiversity issues. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010.
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Division of Refuge Management., ed. Preliminary survey of contaminant issues of concern on national wildlife refuges. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Service, 1986.
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Society for Participatory Research in Asia., ed. Beedi industry in Rajnandgaon District: Some emerging issues of concern. Bhilai: PRIA, 2003.
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Villanueva, Marvin A., Claro N. Mingala, Gabriel Alexis S. Tubalinal, Paula Blanca V. Gaban, Chie Nakajima, and Yasuhiko Suzuki, eds. Emerging Infectious Diseases in Water Buffalo - An Economic and Public Health Concern. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73136.
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Massachusetts. General Court. Senate. Committee on Post Audit and Oversight., ed. Report of the Senate Committee on Post Audit and Oversight entitled An emerging concern: The state's role in hospital consolidations. [Boston, Mass.]: Massachusetts Senate, Senate Committee on Post Audit and Oversight, 1994.
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United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa. Regional Cooperation & Integration Division., ed. Emerging trends in the negotiations under WTO: Pertinent issues of concern to African countries : regional integration in Africa and the multilateral trading system. [Addis Ababa]: Economic Commission for Africa, RCID, 1997.
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V, Dr Vasugi, and Dr Helen Santhi M. International Virtual Conference on Emerging Research Trends in Structural Engineering (ERTSE 2022). Royal Book Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/royal.114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Civil and Structural Engineers are the builders of a nation. They always have played a significant role in providing the infrastructure required for the society. Ever increasing population, rapid urbanization and industrialization, global warming and climate change, increasing incidents of natural and manmade hazards and environmental degradation have become major concerns of the society today and these concerns pose several challenges to the Civil and Structural Engineers. There has been a noticeable change in the environment within which civil and structural engineers carry out their work. There is a growing concern on the adverse consequences of the development activities.There is a need for Civil and Structural Engineers to rise up to face these challenges and contribute to the development and betterment of the nation in all core areas. A multitude of threats confront us in our effort to achieve the same. Civil and Structural engineers have always been looking for innovative tools and techniques for solving the challenging problems that they face during planning, analysis, design and construction of structures. It is in this context that the School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai has come out with the proposal of organizing an International Virtual Conference on Emerging Research Trends in Structural Engineering (ERTSE 2022) for the second time. This conference is aimed to provide a forum to all Civil and Structural Engineers to deliberate on the emerging research trends and techniques that are needed to face the challenge in the fields of Structural Engineering.
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Bstan-'dzin-rgya-mtsho, Dalai Lama XIV, 1935-, Brück Michael von, Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute., and Inter-religious Conference on "Emerging Consciousness for a New Humankind" (1985 : Madras, India), eds. Emerging consciousness for a new humankind: Asian interreligious concern : papers, statement, and list of participants of an international conference held at Gurukul Lutheran Theological College, Madras, January 3-8, 1985. Bangalore: Asian Trading Corp., 1985.
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Scott, Tom. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0001.
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The history of Switzerland has rarely been of lively concern to foreign scholars. Apart from Edward Gibbon in the mid-eighteenth century (whose reflections on Switzerland and on Bern in particular were written in French), English-speaking historians have been content to treat the country as a peripheral curiosity, since neither its constitution nor its governance appear to fit the pattern of nations and states emerging elsewhere in Europe. This neglect has been compounded by Swiss historians themselves, who until recently have devoted their efforts to burnishing the image of a heroic Swiss past which emphasized separation and exceptionalism....
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Dahlström, Carl. Introduction. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.50.
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This chapter introduces the section on policy-making in Sweden. It starts from the observation that, at least for outside observers, Swedish policy-making has been portrayed as a rational process. Two features of Swedish policy-making have been particularly important for the emerging of the idea of a consensual and rational process. The first, and most well known, is the corporatist policy-making style, and the second feature is the commissions of inquiry and referral systems. Two other important characteristics of the Swedish policy process concern coordination and the creation of party-political support. The chapters in this section describe these four features of the Swedish policy-making process and pay special attention to changes over time.
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Akyüz, Yilmaz. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797173.003.0009.
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Before the world economy can fully recover from the crisis that began more than eight years ago, there is a widespread concern that it may be poised for yet another crisis. In several ways it looks no less fragile now than it did on the eve of the subprime debacle. Global income growth remains well below the levels recorded in the period before the 2009 crisis. The US and European economies have not got back to a decent shape and Japan is still grappling with deflation. Exceptional monetary policy measures introduced to deal with financial instability and recession are still in place. The economic landscape is not much better in the emerging and developing economies (EDEs),...
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Doering, James M. The War Years and a Shift to a New Era. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037412.003.0009.
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This chapter demonstrates how Judson's management empire began to plateau in the 1940s. The Depression had rattled music's funding structures. Technology had spawned greater competition for live musical experiences. Jazz had supplanted classical music on the pages of many newspapers and trade magazines. But particularly relevant for Judson was an emerging concern about the connection between music and big business. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) first raised this issue in 1938, when it launched an investigation into the chain-broadcasting practices of the NBC, CBS, and mutual radio networks. The commission also became concerned about the possibility of monopolistic behavior, specifically in the practice of networks representing artists and also buying artists for their radio programs.
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Xenos, Michael A. Citizens Making Sense of Science Issues. Edited by Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.31.
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Dramatic increases in media choice over the past few decades have had profound effects on virtually all processes of communication involving issues of public concern. For science issues in particular, exposure to information about a particular topic is typically driven by specific motivations, often in the highly fragmented world of online communication. Existing research on information seeking in a polarized media environment can guide thinking about how individuals make sense of contemporary science issues. However, the unique features of science topics, particularly those related to emerging science and technology fields, complicate simple applications of existing theories. Although a small number of existing studies attend to these issues, developing solid, evidence-based prescriptions for improving how individuals seek information and form opinions will require significant new research.
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Karl P, Sauvant, Economou Persephone, Gal Ksenia, Lim Shawn, and Wilinski Witold P. Trends in FDI, Home Country Measures and Competitive Neutrality. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780199386321.016.0001.
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This chapter begins by describing and assessing trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2012. It then turns to an understudied but increasing area of concern in investment policy—home country measures (HCMs), which influence and often direct investment flows to certain destinations. These measures have an effect on “competitive neutrality” by affecting companies' decisions about where to invest and even about whether to invest; some measures effectively subsidize outward foreign direct investment so long as it is directed in particular ways. The chapter provides a detailed survey of HCMs in the top ten developed countries and the top ten emerging markets, and an analysis of the potential effects of those measures on investment decisions and the policies that home countries seek to effectuate with the establishment of measures that encourage and direct investment.
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Martin, Finbarr. Service models. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689644.003.0004.
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Key points• There is increasing concern about quality of care received by older people in our health services.• Real progress over recent decades in overcoming ignorance and ageism is at risk if these services cannot become age-attuned.• Today’s older people are older, more numerous, and present complex challenges of multimorbidity and frailty.• Traditional divisions of staff and skills between primary and secondary care, and between clinical specialties, are an obstacle to meeting the challenge.• Promising innovative new models of care are emerging and will need refinement through research and experience.• Skills and attitudes needed to recognize and manage the geriatric syndromes must be mainstreamed through education, training, and dissemination of good practice.• Specialists in old-age medicine and mental health cannot do it all, but must champion this transformation.
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Baruah, Darshana M. India’s Evolving Maritime Domain Awareness Strategy in the Indian Ocean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479337.003.0010.
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Darshana Baruah, an emerging Indian maritime security analyst, examines India’s heightened focus on improving maritime domain awareness in the coastal domain, EEZ and far seas. This is increasingly being driven by growing naval presence in the Indian Ocean. Of particular concern is India’s ability to monitor the passage of PLA Navy submarine passages to Pakistan and elsewhere in the Indian Ocean. Despite improved maritime situational awareness in coastal waters, India still has difficulty in tracking surface and subsurface vessels transiting its EEZ or neighbouring waters. This will likely require coordination and collaboration with friendly states. Baruah concludes that despite India’s traditional attachment to strategic autonomy, the difficulties in any one country developing maritime domain awareness across the Indian Ocean will be a key driver in greater defence cooperation with the United States and its allies.
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Cabrera, Laura Y. Environmental neuroethics: Setting the foundations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0022.
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The ways in which humans relate to their environments have been studied from different perspectives, including ethics, sociology, behavioral sciences, and genetics. This chapter discusses an emerging approach within neuroethics—environmental neuroethics—that focuses on ethical and social implications of environmental influences on brain health and mental health. It begins with an overview of different disciplinary approaches to examine the relationship between the environment and human health and follows with a discussion of environmental effects on brain and mental health. It then argues for the importance of generating normative discussion about related issues, particularly because these matters are of global concern with linked social justice implications. This section also lays the foundations for the first generation of environmental neuroethics. The chapter concludes with key questions and challenges ahead for environmental neuroethics.
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Levien, Michael. On the Margins of a World City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859152.003.0007.
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This chapter shows how SEZs represent the abandonment of the developmentalist ambition of broad-based economic transformation and a retreat into elite private enclaves. It shows, first, that public infrastructural investment by the Rajasthan government was entirely geared toward the needs of this emerging corporate city with little concern for the welfare of surrounding rural populations. Private investment in the zone’s export-oriented “knowledge economy,” secondly, generated few productive linkages with the surrounding rural economy. The first process relegated Rajpura’s dispossessed farmers to a disinvested urbanizing village on the margins of a “world city,” and the second confined them to a tertiary informal economy dominated by rents, petty trade, and usury. The chapter concludes by showing how this exclusionary growth left a majority of dispossessed households—and a vast majority of lower caste households—poorer and less food secure than before.
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Beardsworth, Richard. Reflections on Institutional Cosmopolitanism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905651.003.0003.
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With its moral commitment to the individual, cosmopolitanism has often downplayed the role of the state in cosmopolitan commitments and their practices. There is, however, emerging concern to put the state back into cosmopolitan concerns. This chapter argues that two outstanding reasons for this intellectual move are of an institutional and political nature. First, despite the recent pluralization of global actors, states remain the major agents of change within a (post-Western) system of states; both the moral and political purpose of the state should therefore be aligned with global imperatives. Second, a clearly formulated “marriage” between the global and the national is required to line up institutional motivation for enlightened global policy. This chapter argues, accordingly, for cosmopolitan state responsibilities toward the provision of global public goods (examples include nuclear disarmament, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and sustainable development).
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Meierhenrich, Jens. Authoritarian Rule of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814412.003.0009.
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What for many years was seen as an oxymoron—the notion of an authoritarian rule of law—no longer is. Instead, the phenomenon has become a cutting edge concern in law-and-society research. In this concluding chapter, I situate Fraenkel’s theory of dictatorship in this emerging research program. In the first section, I turn the notion of an authoritarian rule of law into a social science concept. In the second section, I relate this concept to that of the dual state and both to the political science literature on so-called hybrid regimes. Drawing on this synthesis, the third section makes the concept of the dual state usable for comparative-historical analysis. Through a series of empirical vignettes, I demonstrate the contemporary relevance of Fraenkel’s institutional analysis of the Nazi state. I show why it is essential reading for anyone trying to understand the legal origins of dictatorship, then and now.
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Jackson, Kristina M., and Carolyn E. Sartor. The Natural Course of Substance Use and Dependence. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.007.
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Substance use and substance use disorders show normative epidemiological age-related trends, with typically onset in the late adolescent to young adult years, manifesting peak prevalences in emerging adulthood, and decreasing thereafter. Although less prevalent in older adults, substance misuse is more consequential when present and thus represents a public health concern. Careful examination of the population-based empirical literature indicates the necessity of viewing substance involvement in the context of development, with unique developmental factors associated with its onset, course, and resolution. Many individuals who suffer from a substance use disorder appear to “recover” without formal treatment. Despite normative age-related trends, there is considerable individual course variation, and modern statistical techniques have identified several distinct prototypic courses that appear to differ in their determinants and consequences. Research using a lifespan perspective on substance use and misuse has powerful implications for the design of effective, developmentally informed prevention and intervention programs.
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Jessie, Hohmann. Part II Group Identity, Self-Determination, and Relations with States, Ch.6 The UNDRIP and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to Existence, Cultural Integrity and Identity, and Non-Assimilation: Articles 7(2), 8, and 43. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on the rights to identity, existence, and non-assimilation in Articles 7(2), 8, and 43, which together enshrine rights to the protection of indigenous peoples' continued survival and existence, both physically as individuals and as cultural entities in accordance with levels of human dignity and well-being. Indigenous peoples pressed for the inclusion of such principles in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in the recognition that pre-existing international, regional, and national laws had failed to protect their survival as communities with distinct cultures, or recognise them as distinct peoples. The three provisions studied in this chapter reflect this central concern of indigenous group/cultural survival and flourishing as peoples. As such, the final agreed text of Articles 7(2), 8, and 43 must be seen as containing norms aimed at the development of existing international law, which would protect and confirm indigenous collectivities in ways not currently recognised or only now emerging.
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Vanaik, Anish. Possessing the City. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848752.001.0001.
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This book is a social history of the property market in late-colonial Delhi; a period of much turbulence and transformation. It argues that historians of South Asian cities must connect transformations in urban space and Delhi’s economy. Utilizing a novel archive, it outlines the place of private property development in Delhi’s economy from 1911 to 1947. Rather than large-scale state initiatives, like the Delhi Improvement Trust, it was profit-oriented, decentralized, and market-based initiatives of urban construction that created the Delhi cityscape. A second thematic concern of Possessing the City is to carefully specify the emerging relationship between the state and urban space during this period. Rather than a narrow focus on urban planning ideas, it argues that the relationship be thought of in triangular fashion: the intermediation of the property market was crucial to emerging statecraft and urban form during this period. Finally, the book examines struggles and conflicts over the commodification of land. Rents and prices of urban property were directly at issue in the tussles over housing that are examined here. The question of commodification can, however, also be discerned in struggles that were not ostensibly about economic issues: clashes over religious sites in the city. Through careful attention to the historical interrelationships between state, space, and the economy, this book offers a novel intervention in the history of late-colonial Delhi.
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Herborth, Benjamin, and Oliver Kessler. The Public Sphere. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.426.
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The term “public” is predominantly used in International Relations (IR), often appearing as an attribute in collocations such as “public goods” or “public opinion.” The study of public spheres can be meaningfully situated within the scope of the emerging field of International Political Sociology (IPS). At the heart of the study of public spheres as an integral part of IPS is the challenge of theorizing the relations between public spheres and an emerging postnational political order. One perennial concern of IPS that can be addressed through the study of public spheres is the relation between empirical and normative inquiry. In addition, the study of public spheres constitutes an interdisciplinary arena that contributes to the process of opening up IR to the theoretical and methodological toolkit of adjacent intellectual fields. In this context, the study of social movements comes to mind, especially when it directly tackles processes of “contentious politics.” An analysis of the way in which the term “public” is used in IR can offer important insights into the social-theoretical presuppositions and implicit concepts of social and international order that go along with it. The study of public spheres is not confined to the study of a set of firmly delineated empirical phenomena, which may or may not be observed. It can also be used to elucidate the oft-neglected problem of how political authority is constituted in terms of both theoretical and empirical inquiry.
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Labrador, Angela M., and Neil Asher Silberman. Introduction. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.32.
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The field of cultural heritage is no longer solely dependent on the expertise of art and architectural historians, archaeologists, conservators, curators, and site and museum administrators. It has dramatically expanded across disciplinary boundaries and social contexts and now includes vernacular architecture, intangible cultural practices, knowledge, and language, performances, and rituals, as well as cultural landscapes. Heritage has become entangled with the broader social, political, and economic contexts in which heritage is created, managed, transmitted, protected, or destroyed. Heritage protection now encompasses a growing set of methodological approaches whose objectives are not necessarily focused upon the maintenance of material fabric, traditionally cultural heritage’s primary concern. Rather, these objectives have become explicitly social with methods foregrounding public engagement, diverse values, and community-based action. Thus, we introduce the term “public heritage” as a way of bringing together these emerging practices. This handbook charts major sites of convergence between the humanities and the social sciences—where new disciplinary perspectives are being brought to bear on public heritage. This introduction outlines the potential contributions of development studies, political science, anthropology, management studies, human geography, ecology, psychology, sociology, cognitive studies, and education to the field of public heritage.
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John, Juliet, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Literary Culture. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199593736.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Literary Culture is a major contribution to the dynamic field of Victorian studies. This collection of 37 original chapters by leading international Victorian scholars offers new approaches to familiar themes (for example, science, religion, gender) and gives space to newer and emerging topics (for instance, old age, fair play, economics). Structured around three broad sections (on ‘Ways of Being: Identity and Ideology’, ‘Ways of Understanding: Knowledge and Belief’, and ‘Ways of Communicating: Print and Other Cultures’), the volume is sub-divided into 9 sub-sections each with its own ‘lead’ essay: on subjectivity, politics, gender and sexuality, place and race, religion, science, material and mass culture, aesthetics and visual culture, and theatrical culture. The collection, like today’s Victorian studies, is thoroughly interdisciplinary and yet its substantial Introduction explores a concern which is evident both implicitly and explicitly in the volume’s essays: that is, the nature and status of ‘literary’ culture and the literary from the Victorian period to the present. The diverse and wide-ranging essays present original scholarship framed accessibly for a mixed readership of advanced undergraduates, graduate students and established scholars.
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Simpson, Paul, Paul Reynolds, and Trish Hafford-Letchfield, eds. Desexualisation in Later Life. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447355465.001.0001.
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This multi-disciplinary volume brings together international scholarship from across cultural studies, humanities and social sciences. It involves critical review of a comparatively neglected issue – the desexualization of older people – that itself forms part of an emerging field of knowledge that relates to older people’s sexuality and intimacy. Funnelling down from more general to more particular experiences (often related to identity difference), the volume explores the various ways that older people encounter constraints on their sexual and intimate self-expression. Indeed, risk and surveillance can be seen as structuring conditions of ageing sexualities and the issues addressed concern difficulties in relation to consent, relating and relatives erotic aesthetics, gendered ageing sexuality (menopause), disabilities, dementia, care homes and their residents, sex and older lesbian, gay bisexual, trans and intersex people, and care services and ageing sexuality. As well as providing an overview of broader themes to which chapter point, the final chapter also outlines a research agenda that itself points towards creative forms of resexualization of diverse older selves. Although the volume’s focus is on desexualization, resexualization is to some extent acknowledged in each chapter.
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Deaux, Kay, and Mark Snyder, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190224837.001.0001.
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The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology captures the history, current status, and future prospects of personality and social psychology—presented not as a set of parallel accounts, but as an integrated perspective on the behavior of persons in social contexts. This handbook combines these two fields in a single integrated volume, offering a unique and generative agenda for psychology. It is dedicated to the proposition that personality and social psychology are best viewed in conjunction with one another and that the synergy to be gained from considering links between the two fields can do much to move both fields forward and to enrich our understanding of human nature. Such interdependence is particularly crucial if one wishes to address the ongoing functioning of persons in their natural environments, where splits between person and situation are not so easily fashioned. The chapters of the Handbook weave together work from personality and social psychology, not only in areas of long-standing concern, but also in newly emerging fields of inquiry, addressing both distinctive contributions and common ground. In so doing, they offer compelling evidence for the power and the potential of an integrated approach to personality and social psychology.
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Taxman, Faye S., and Mary Mun. Recidivism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0013.
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High rates of rearrest and recidivism, especially among drug-involved individuals, are of grave concern for the justice system and society at large. This chapter looks at the factors affecting recidivism rates of substance-involved individuals involved in the justice system. We begin by considering the complexity of measuring recidivism and the meaning of this concept; the term is fraught with difficulties due to the complexities of generalizing findings across studies with varying sampling frames and time-frames for follow-up, and differences in the types of recidivism events studied. Recent research illustrates that recidivism rates among drug users vary by drug of choice and are typically higher among individuals who use amphetamines, heroin, and/or cocaine. Recidivism rates may also vary depending on the presence of certain comorbid factors, although this is an emerging area of research. Factors that appear to elevate recidivism rates include personality disorders, co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders, other psychiatric disorders, and other serious mental illness. The location of an individual’s residence also appears to impact the recidivism rate, possibly mediated by the presence or absence of various protective factors in the community. While the nature of the relationship between drugs and crime is still unclear, the same is true for our understanding of recidivism among substance users in the justice system. There is a need for a greater understanding of the relationship between substance use and recidivism, in order to fill existing knowledge gaps.
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Gardiner, Stephen M., and Allen Thompson, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental ethics is an academic subfield of philosophy concerned with normative and evaluative propositions about the world of nature and, perhaps more generally, the moral fabric of relations between human beings and the world we occupy. This Handbook contains forty-five newly commissioned essays written by leading experts and emerging voices. The essays range over a broad variety of issues, concepts, and perspectives that are both central to and characteristic of the field, thus providing an authoritative but accessible account of the history, analysis, and prospect of ideas that are essential to contemporary environmental ethics. The Handbook includes sections on the broad social contexts in which we find ourselves (e.g., chapters on history, science, economics, governance, and the Anthropocene), on what ought to count morally and why (e.g., chapters on humanity, animals, living individuals, ecological collectives, and wild nature), on the nature and meaning of environmental values (e.g., truth and goodness, practical reasons, hermeneutics, phenomenology, and aesthetics), on theoretical understandings of how we should act (e.g., on consequentialism, duty and obligation, character, caring relationships, and the sacred), on key concepts (e.g., responsibility, justice, gender, rights, ecological space, risk and precaution, citizenship, future generations, and sustainability), on specific areas of environmental concern (e.g., pollution, population, energy, food, water, mass extinction, technology and ecosystem management), on climate change considered as the defining environmental problem of our time (e.g., chapters on mitigation, adaptation, diplomacy, and geoengineering), and on social change (e.g., pragmatism, conflict, sacrifice, and action).
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Grossman, Emiliano, and Isabelle Guinaudeau. Do Elections (Still) Matter? Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847218.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book sheds new light on this central democratic concern based on an ambitious study of democratic mandates through the lens of agenda-setting in five West European countries since the 1980s. The authors develop and test a new model bridging studies of party competition, pledge fulfilment, and policymaking. The core argument is that electoral priorities are a major factor shaping policy agendas, but mandates should not be mistaken as partisan. Parties are like ‘snakes in tunnels’: they have distinctive priorities but they need to respond to emerging problems and their competitors’ priorities, resulting in considerable cross-partisan overlap. The ‘tunnel of attention’ remains constraining in the policymaking arena, especially when opposition parties have resources to press governing parties to act on the campaign priorities. This key aspect of mandate responsiveness has been neglected so far because in traditional models of mandate representation, party platforms are conceived as a set of distinctive priorities, whose agenda-setting impact ultimately depends on the institutional capacity of the parties in office. Rather differently, this book suggests that counter-majoritarian institutions and windows for opposition parties generate key incentives to stick to the mandate. It shows that these findings hold across five very different democracies: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. The results contribute to a renewal of mandate theories of representation and lead to question the idea underlying much of the comparative politics literature that majoritarian systems are more responsive than consensual ones.
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Hurley, Michael D., and Marcus Waithe, eds. Thinking Through Style. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737827.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What is ‘style’, and how does it relate to thought in language? It has often been treated as something merely linguistic, independent of thought, ornamental; stylishness for its own sake. Or else it has been said to subserve thought, by mimicking, delineating, or heightening ideas that are already expressed in the words. This ambitious and timely book explores a third, more radical possibility, in which style operates as a verbal mode of thinking through. Rather than figure thought as primary and pre-verbal, and language as a secondary delivery system, style is conceived here as having the capacity to clarify or generate thinking. The book’s generic focus is on non-fiction prose, and it looks across the long nineteenth century. Leading scholars survey twenty authors, to show where writers who have gained reputations as either ‘stylists’ or as ‘thinkers’ both in fact exploit the interplay between the what and the how of their prose. But the study demonstrates more than that celebrated stylists might after all have thoughts worth attending to, or that distinguished thinkers might be enriched for us if we paid more due to their style. More than reversing the conventional categories, the innovative chapters collected here show how ‘style’ and ‘thinking’ can be approached as a shared concern. At a moment when, especially in nineteenth-century studies, interest in style is re-emerging, this book revaluates some of the most influential figures of that age, re-imagining the possible alliances, interplays, and generative tensions between thinking, thinkers, style, and stylists.
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Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. Concussion. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury, is common, and occurs both in sport and as a result of falls or accidents. Concussion has become an increasingly recognized public health concern, largely driven by prominent media coverage of athletes who have sustained concussion. Although much has been written about this condition, its natural history is still not well understood, and practitioners are only now beginning to recognize that concussion often manifests in different clinical domains. These may require targeted treatment in and of themselves; otherwise, persistent post-concussive symptoms may develop. Although most individuals who sustain a concussion recover, and although concussion is a treatable condition, it is important that concussion be managed early and comprehensively to avoid a more prolonged clinical trajectory. A relatively recent term often used in the setting of concussion is repetitive head impact exposure—a biomechanical force applied to the head that does not generate a clinical manifestation of concussion, but may result in structural brain changes. Although it is often assumed that repetitive head impact exposure leads to long-term neurological sequelae, the science to document this assumption is in its infancy. Repeated concussions may lead to depression or cognitive impairment later in life, and there is an emerging literature that repeated concussion and repetitive head impact exposure are associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy or other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently there is no known causal connection between concussion, repetitive head impact exposure, and neurodegeneration, although this research is also still in its infancy.
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Akyüz, Yilmaz. Playing with Fire. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797173.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the early 1990s many emerging and developing economies (EDEs) liberalized their capital accounts, allowing greater freedom for international lenders and investors to enter their markets, as well as for their residents to operate in international financial markets. Despite recurrent crises, liberalization has accelerated in the new millennium. Global financial integration of EDEs has been greatly facilitated by progressively looser US monetary policy, notably policies culminating in crises in the US and Europe and the ultra-easy monetary policies adopted in response. Not only have traditional cross-border financial linkages of EDEs deepened and their external balance sheets expanded rapidly, but also foreign presence in their domestic markets and the presence of their nationals in foreign markets have reached unprecedented proportions. As a result new channels have emerged for the transmission of financial shocks from global boom–bust cycles. Almost all EDEs are now vulnerable irrespective of their balance-of-payments, external debt, net foreign assets, and international reserves positions, although these play an important role in the way such shocks could impinge on them. This is a matter for concern since the multilateral system lacks mechanisms to prevent beggar-thy-neighbour policies in major advanced economies that exert strong impact on global economic and financial conditions or for orderly and equitable resolution of financial crises with international dimensions. This volume provides a comprehensive treatment of global financial linkages of EDEs and the vulnerabilities they entail, based on a rich set of data and information that have not been put together so far in the literature.
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Iversen, Vegard, Anirudh Krishna, and Kunal Sen, eds. Social Mobility in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility—especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves—which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines—typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?
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Dryfoos, Joy G. Adolescents at Risk. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072686.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seven million youngsters--one in four adolescents--have only limited potential for becoming productive adults because they are at high risk for encountering serious problems at home, in school, or in their communities. This is one of the disturbing findings in this unique overview of what is known about young people aged 10 to 17 growing up in the United States today. The book explores four problem areas that are the subject of a great deal of public interest and social concern: delinquency, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, and school failure. In examining these problem areas, Dryfoos has three objectives: to present a more cogent picture of adolescents who are at risk of problem behaviors and where they fit in society; to synthesize the experience of programs that have been successful in changing various aspects of these behaviors; and to propose strategies for using this knowledge base to implement more effective approaches to helping youngsters succeed. Among the key concepts emerging from this study are the importance of intense individual attention, social skills training, exposure to the world of work, and packaging components in broad, community-wide interventions. Schools are recognized as the focal institution in prevention, not only in regard to helping children achieve academically, but in giving young people access to social support and health programs. The author also proposes comprehensive youth development initiatives at the local, state and national level, based on programs shown to be effective in real practice. This landmark, state-of-the-art study represents an indispensable resource for anyone interested in the welfare and current problems of youth, including psychologists, sociologists, school administrators, state and federal officials, policymakers, and concerned parents.
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Fensholt, Rasmus, Cheikh Mbow, Martin Brandt, and Kjeld Rasmussen. Desertification and Re-Greening of the Sahel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past 50 years, human activities and climatic variability have caused major environmental changes in the semi-arid Sahelian zone and desertification/degradation of arable lands is of major concern for livelihoods and food security. In the wake of the Sahel droughts in the early 1970s and 1980s, the UN focused on the problem of desertification by organizing the UN Conference on Desertification (UNCOD) in Nairobi in 1976. This fuelled a significant increase in the often alarmist popular accounts of desertification as well as scientific efforts in providing an understanding of the mechanisms involved. The global interest in the subject led to the nomination of desertification as focal point for one of three international environmental conventions: the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), emerging from the Rio conference in 1992. This implied that substantial efforts were made to quantify the extent of desertification and to understand its causes. Desertification is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon aggravating poverty that can be seen as both a cause and a consequence of land resource depletion. As reflected in its definition adopted by the UNCCD, desertification is “land degradation in arid, semi-arid[,] and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climate variation and human activities” (UN, 1992). While desertification was seen as a phenomenon of relevance to drylands globally, the Sahel-Sudan region remained a region of specific interest and a significant amount of scientific efforts have been invested to provide an empirically supported understanding of both climatic and anthropogenic factors involved. Despite decades of intensive research on human–environmental systems in the Sahel, there is no overall consensus about the severity of desertification and the scientific literature is characterized by a range of conflicting observations and interpretations of the environmental conditions in the region. Earth Observation (EO) studies generally show a positive trend in rainfall and vegetation greenness over the last decades for the majority of the Sahel and this has been interpreted as an increase in biomass and contradicts narratives of a vicious cycle of widespread degradation caused by human overuse and climate change. Even though an increase in vegetation greenness, as observed from EO data, can be confirmed by ground observations, long-term assessments of biodiversity at finer spatial scales highlight a negative trend in species diversity in several studies and overall it remains unclear if the observed positive trends provide an environmental improvement with positive effects on people’s livelihood.