Книги з теми "Containers as constructs"
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1
IMPROVED MODELS AND CONSTRUCTS OF STRUCTURAL INTERACTION IN RAILWAY CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION. Tuculart Edition, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47451/book2022-02-01.
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Allegro, Linda, and Andrew Grant Wood. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037665.003.0013.
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This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This volume sought to encourage the reshaping of communities and the redrawing of boundaries as we rethink the study of the Americas. Moving beyond nation-state constructs—those containers of citizenship and fixed borders—it offers new meanings of place and belonging. Tracking the contributions of farmworkers in Idaho, Nebraska, North Carolina, Iowa, and elsewhere, the case studies presented here examine the enormous obstacles and often violent conditions Latin American farmworkers endure in their work experiences in the United States. It also draws attention to the reprehensible notion of “deportability” that continues to instill fear in the hearts of those who live in the shadows. It argues that it is not “foreigners” and people of color who are depressing wages and costing jobs but corporate decision makers themselves who exploit the laboring classes in their zeal to maximize profits.
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Booij, Geert E. Morphology in Construction Grammar. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0014.
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This chapter presents a whole range of arguments for a Construction Grammar approach to morphology. It shows that the lexicon contains both (simplex and complex) words and word formation schemas of various degrees of abstraction, and provides evidence supporting the view that morphological construcitons have holistic properties. The chapter considers both word formation and inflectional morphology and discusses the relationship between morphological and syntactic constructions. The findings confirm that the lexicon is to be reinterpreted as the "constructicon," a structured and hierarchically ordered array of constructions and constructs with phrasal or word status.
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Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Templates, the standard C++ library, and modern C++. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0017.
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This chapter is devoted to programming techniques which rely on the C++ template mechanism. This mechanism, which is the basis of a computing style known as generic programming, allows whole families of functions and classes to be easily written. It is described early in the chapter. A host of extremely useful template functions and classes is universally available in the C++ standard library, including container classes (vector, list, set, and map) and algorithms used to sort, shuffle, and otherwise manipulate or query their contents. The chapter closes with an introduction to the newer constructs of modern C++: smart pointers, lambda functions, the auto keyword, range-based for loops, and more. An application to group theory is explored in the exercises.
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Hrushovski, Ehud, and François Loeser. Continuity of homotopies. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161686.003.0010.
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This chapter includes some additional material on homotopies. In particular, for a smooth variety V, there exists an “inflation” homotopy, taking a simple point to the generic type of a small neighborhood of that point. This homotopy has an image that is properly a subset of unit vector V, and cannot be understood directly in terms of definable subsets of V. The image of this homotopy retraction has the merit of being contained in unit vector U for any dense Zariski open subset U of V. The chapter also proves the continuity of functions and homotopies using continuity criteria and constructs inflation homotopies before proving GAGA type results for connectedness. Additional results regarding the Zariski topology are given.
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Morawetz, Klaus. Nonequilibrium Green’s Functions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0007.
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The method of the equation of motion is used to derive the Martin–Schwinger hierarchy for the nonequilibrium Green’s functions. The formal closure of the hierarchy is reached by using the selfenergy which provides a recipe for how to construct selfenergies from approximations of the two-particle Green’s function. The Langreth–Wilkins rules for a diagrammatic technique are shown to be equivalent to the weakening of initial correlations. The quantum transport equations are derived in the general form of Kadanoff and Baym equations. The information contained in the Green’s function is discussed. In equilibrium this leads to the Matsubara diagrammatic technique.
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Cruces, Guillermo, Gary S. Fields, David Jaume, and Mariana Viollaz. Data and Methodology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801085.003.0002.
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This study is based on microeconomic data from more than 150 household surveys, five million households, and eighteen million persons contained in the SEDLAC—Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean. These data cover the following sixteen Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Based on these household surveys and the SEDLAC harmonization methodology, the study constructs comparable time series for a wide range of labour market, poverty, and income inequality indicators. It also employs aggregate macroeconomic indicators from two sources: the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean’s database on social expenditure.
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McDuff, Dusa, and Dietmar Salamon. Constructing symplectic manifolds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794899.003.0008.
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This chapter examines various ways to construct symplectic manifolds and submanifolds. It begins by studying blowing up and down in both the complex and the symplectic contexts. The next section is devoted to a discussion of fibre connected sums and describes Gompf’s construction of symplectic four-manifolds with arbitrary fundamental group. The chapter also contains an exposition of Gromov’s telescope construction, which shows that for open manifolds the h-principle rules and the inclusion of the space of symplectic forms into the space of nondegenerate 2-forms is a homotopy equivalence. The final section outlines Donaldson’s construction of codimension two symplectic submanifolds and explains the associated decompositions of the ambient manifold.
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Husain, Husam R., ed. Heritage and the City: Values and Beyond. Cinius Yayınları Publication, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/2022_362598.362.
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Values bind us together which makes our communities stronger and united. Communities are built upon our tolerance and understanding of the value of our ties, and ties pave our cities towards a bright future. The structure of this book is constructed around the concept of value”. It contains a collection of readings about the Challenges we face in Cities, Culture, and Heritage. The book is divided into three Parts. The first part focuses on aesthetical values; the second contains articles on cultural values in cities, and the third part is a specialized theme on water values and urban areas. Collectively, the 12 chapters discusses findings, approaches, methodologies, and provide new ways of understanding values in old and new cities. This collection of essays and contributors is concerned with underlying issues such as architectural values, heritage and the city, urban identity, conservation and preservation, water values, and climate issues. Each part contains several chapters to enable cross-reference and comparison. This book is a useful collection of academic resource which discusses some questions and issues that cities have to face.
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McDuff, Dusa, and Dietmar Salamon. The arnold conjecture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794899.003.0012.
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This chapter contains a proof of the Arnold conjecture for the standard torus, which is based on the discrete symplectic action. The symplectic part of this proof is very easy. However, for completeness of the exposition, one section is devoted to a fairly detailed discussion of the relevant Conley index theory and of Ljusternik–Schnirelmann theory. Closely related to the problem of finding symplectic fixed points is the Lagrangian intersection problem. The chapter outlines a proof of Arnold’s conjecture for cotangent bundles that again uses the discrete symplectic action, this time to construct generating functions for Lagrangian submanifolds. The chapter ends with a brief outline of the construction and applications of Floer homology.
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Lindemann, Hilde. Who Am I When I’m Pregnant? Edited by Leslie Francis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199981878.013.23.
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Who you understand yourself to be when you are pregnant depends to a greater or lesser extent on whether you wanted to be pregnant in the first place. Pregnant women may step gladly into a desired new role, may seek an abortion if the pregnancy is unwelcome, or may be forced into a new identity as prospective mother if abortion is unavailable. In either case, the bodily changes of pregnancy may alter the woman’s self-conception in many ways. This chapter explores three destructive master narratives of pregnancy: the pregnant woman as fetal container, as good mother, and as public body. It concludes that counterstories must be constructed and socially circulated to counter the master narratives that damage pregnant women’s identities, stories that more accurately represent the women and depict them as worthy of respect. Examples are stories that describe pregnant women as calling the fetuses they carry into personhood.
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Wu, Ka-ming. Narrative Battle. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039881.003.0003.
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This chapter examines how Xiaocheng Folk Art Village in Yan'an was transformed into a container of tradition and the practice of paper-cutting into an intangible cultural heritage. It first considers the origin narrative of Xiaocheng Folk Art Village before discussing how China's urban intellectuals in the fields of folklore, religious studies, and anthropology have sought to re-understand the meanings of their work in the broader national and international framework. It then explains how Xiaocheng Folk Art Village emerged as a site of local, national, and international interests, with particular emphasis on the birth of creative rural subjects, reconfigured domestic relations, and a new public life in the village. It also describes the village's democratic struggles over folk art and concludes with an analysis of the politics of cultural authenticity and the invention of tradition in the broader context of intense urbanization and agrarian crisis in China. The chapter argues that heritage making in China is a process of “narrative battle” in which various actors construct differentiated meanings of history and tradition against the official party-state narrative.
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Pendray, George Edward. Story of the Westinghouse Time Capsule: What the Project Means, How the Time Capsule Was Constructed, What It Contains, How It Will Be Protected Against Vandalism, How Word of Its Location Has Been Left for the Future. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Henning, C. Randall. New Facilities and Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801801.003.0009.
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As the crisis evolved, euro-area governments first constructed two transitional financial facilities and then created a permanent fund. This chapter reviews the creation of the financial facilities of the euro area culminating in the establishment of the European Stability Mechanism. The ESM treaty contains a strong presumption, but not a strict legal requirement, that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) will also be involved in assistance to a member state. As a political matter, the Fund’s involvement is strongly favored in creditor countries of the euro area. The emergence of the ESM, a new institutional player in crisis finance, prompted a reconsideration of the institutional arrangements under which crisis programs are designed. The chapter reviews proposals from research institutes and the European Parliament to combine resources of the European Commission and the ESM into a European Monetary Fund.
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Isett, Philip. A Main Lemma for Continuous Solutions. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174822.003.0005.
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This chapter introduces the Main Lemma that implies the existence of continuous solutions. According to this lemma, there exist constants K and C such that the following holds: Let ϵ > 0, and suppose that (v, p, R) are uniformly continuous solutions to the Euler-Reynolds equations on ℝ x ³, with v uniformly bounded⁷ and suppR ⊆ I x ³ for some time interval. The Main Lemma implies the following theorem: There exist continuous solutions (v, p) to the Euler equations that are nontrivial and have compact support in time. To establish this theorem, one repeatedly applies the Main Lemma to produce a sequence of solutions to the Euler-Reynolds equations. To make sure the solutions constructed in this way are nontrivial and compactly supported, the lemma is applied with e(t) chosen to be any sequence of non-negative functions whose supports are all contained in some finite time interval.
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Gamble, Ruth. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190690779.003.0010.
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The conclusion reviews the transformation in identity that Rangjung Dorje undertook between his life and death and then describes the traditions and institutions that Rangjung Dorje left behind. It looks at what remained after his lifetime, in two parts. Part 1 looks at things, people, and texts. It reviews the objects and buildings he had constructed, the students he mentored, and the works he composed. Part 2 focuses specifically on his reinvention of reincarnation. It explains that the traditions and institutions of reincarnation lineages developed slowly, and it was, therefore, easy to assume that they had always been there. It explains that most of the work Rangjung Dorje did to systemize, sacralize, and locate the lineage was contained within his liberation stories and poetry. It finishes by examining briefly the broader influence of reincarnation traditions on the social and political life of Tibet, the Himalaya, and even internationally.
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Campbell, Lindsay K. City of Forests, City of Farms. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707506.001.0001.
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This book begins with the question of why PlaNYC2030—New York City’s municipal, long-term sustainability plan, launched during the Mayor Michael Bloomberg administration—had a robust urban forestry agenda, but lacked an urban agriculture agenda. PlaNYC launched the MillionTreesNYC campaign, investing over $400 million in city funds and leveraging a public-private partnership to plant one million trees citywide. Meanwhile, despite NYC having a long tradition of community gardening and burgeoning interest in local food systems, the plan contained no mention of community gardens or urban farms. In contrasting the top-down, centralized investment in the urban forest with the dispersed and decentralized social movement around urban agriculture, the book describes the ways in which political, discursive, and material processes intertwine to construct nature in the city. Urban greening unfolds through the strategic interplay of actors, the deployment of different narrative frames, and the mobilizing and manipulation of the physical environment—including other living, non-human entities. Understanding how and why the sustainability agenda is set and implemented provides crucial lessons to scholars, policymakers, and activists alike as they engage in the greening of cities.
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Britton, Hannah E. Ending Gender-Based Violence. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043093.001.0001.
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South Africa’s democratization has been celebrated internationally for the remarkable advances of women in political office. Despite these visible steps forward, South Africa continues to face exceedingly high levels of sexual assault, rape, and intimate-partner violence. This book is about this juxtaposition between women’s national political power and these egregious violations of human rights. The South African women’s movement initially pursued state feminism, specifically using insider strategies to construct institutions and enact policies for women’s advancement. Yet the most poignant measure of the shortcomings of state feminism is the persistence of gender-based violence. The recent turn toward carceral feminism, with its focus on arrests and prosecutions, also fails to address the complexity of interpersonal violence. Through fieldwork in nine local communities, this book contains the voices of service providers, religious leaders, traditional leaders, police officers, and medical professionals who address gender-based violence at the community level. Specifically, this book examines how community networks are created on a landscape that is still marked by apartheid legacies of racism, inequality, and violence. It is also a story about understanding how place and space affect policy implementation. Rather than becoming immobilized by this complexity, policy makers could support street-level workers who are at the cutting edge of the struggle to end gender-based violence.
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Smortchkova, Joulia, Krzysztof Dołęga, and Tobias Schlicht, eds. What are Mental Representations? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686673.001.0001.
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Mental representation is one of the core theoretical constructs within cognitive science and, together with the introduction of the computer as a model for the mind, is responsible for enabling the “cognitive turn” in psychology and associated fields. Conceiving of cognitive processes, such as perception, motor control, and reasoning, as processes that consist in the manipulation of contentful vehicles representing the world has allowed us to refine our explanations of behavior and has led to tremendous empirical advancements. Despite the central role that the concept plays in cognitive science, there is no unanimously accepted characterization of mental representation. Technological and methodological progress in the cognitive sciences has produced numerous computational models of the brain and mind, many of which have introduced mutually incompatible notions of mental representation. This proliferation has led some philosophers to question the metaphysical status and explanatory usefulness of the notion. This book contains state-of-the-art chapters on the topic of mental representation, assembling some of the leading experts in the field and allowing them to engage in meaningful exchanges over some of the most contentious questions. The collection gathers both proponents and critics of the concept of mental representation, allowing them to engage with topics such as the ontological status of representations, the possibility of formulating a general account of mental representation which would fit our best explanatory practices, and the possibility of delivering such an account in fully naturalistic terms.
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Salinas-Rodríguez, Sergio G., Juan Arévalo, Juan Manuel Ortiz, Eduard Borràs-Camps, Victor Monsalvo-Garcia, Maria D. Kennedy, and Abraham Esteve-Núñez, eds. Microbial Desalination Cells for Low Energy Drinking Water. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062120.
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The world's largest demonstrator of a revolutionary energy system in desalination for drinking water production is in operation. MIDES uses Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC) in a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis (RO), for simultaneous saline stream desalination and wastewater treatment. MDCs are based on bio-electro-chemical technology, in which biological wastewater treatment can be coupled to the desalination of a saline stream using ion exchange membranes without external energy input. MDCs simultaneously treat wastewater and perform desalination using the energy contained in the wastewater. In fact, an MDC can produce around 1.8 kWh of bioelectricity from the energy contained in 1 m3 of wastewater. Compared to traditional RO, more than 3 kWh/m3 of electrical energy is saved. With this novel technology, two low-quality water streams (saline stream, wastewater) are transformed into two high-quality streams (desalinated water, treated wastewater) suitable for further uses. An exhaustive scaling-up process was carried out in which all MIDES partners worked together on nanostructured electrodes, antifouling membranes, electrochemical reactor design and optimization, life cycle assessment, microbial electrochemistry and physiology expertise, and process engineering and control. The roadmap of the lab-MDC upscaling goes through the assembly of a pre-pilot MDC, towards the development of the demonstrator of the MDC technology (patented). Nominal desalination rate between 4-11 Lm-2h-1 is reached with a current efficiency of 40 %. After the scalability success, two MDC pilot plants were designed and constructed consisting of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with a 0.4 m2 electrode area per unit. This book presents the information generated throughout the EU funded MIDES project and includes the latest developments related to desalination of sea water and brackish water by applying microbial desalination cells. ISBN: 9781789062113 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062120 (eBook)
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Ayala-Rodríguez, Nelly, and Ever José López-Cantero, eds. Semilleros: contribuciones investigativas desde la psicología a realidades sociales en Colombia. Editorial Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/9789585133884.2021.
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This book contains the investigative results of seven investigative training processes developed in the Department of Psychology of the Catholic University of Colombia, which are linked to the Europsis and Enlace research groups, and thus materialize the objectives that underpin the lines of research, such as: educational psychology, legal and criminological psychology, health psychology and addictions. In this way, the phenomena studied, among which are the sense of community, gender violence, sexuality, emotional recognition, cognitive deterioration, quality of life and Covid 19 are of great importance and interest to the discipline in this historical moment that Colombia is going through. The constructed and presented knowledge in this book is the reflection of a high level of commitment and discipline of the research staff, who voluntarily accepted the invitation of the university to strengthen their training processes in the research aspect, simultaneously contributing to the development of psychology as a discipline and profession. Readers will find in the work a production of high academic quality, oriented from various methodological perspectives and study techniques through which a response is given to the research problems addressed. The conclusions of each chapter show the need not only to continue working on the issues raised but also to build connected agendas among the research hubs.
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Murray, Michelle. The Struggle for Recognition in International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878900.001.0001.
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How can established powers manage the peaceful rise of new great powers? With The Struggle for Recognition in International Relations, the author offers a new answer to this perennial question in international relations, arguing that power transitions are principally social phenomena whereby rising powers struggle to obtain recognition of their identity as a great power. At the center of great power identity formation is the acquisition of particular symbolic capabilities—such as battlesheips, aircraft carriers, or nuclear weapons—that are representative of great power status and that allow rising powers to experience their uncertain social status as a brute fact. When a rising power is recognized, this power acquisition is considered legitimate and its status in the international order secured, leading to a peaceful power transition. If a rising power is misrecognized, its assertive foreign policy is perceived to be for revisionist purposes, which must be contained by the established powers. Revisionism—rather than the product of a material power structure that encourages aggression or domestic political struggles—is a social construct that emerges through a rising power’s social interactions with the established powers as it attempts to gain recognition of its identity. The question of peaceful power transition has taken on increased salience in recent years with the emergence of China as an economic and military rival of the United States. Highlighting the social dynamics of power transitions, this book offers a powerful new framework through which to understand the rise of China and how the United States can facilitate its peaceful rise.
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Tammisto, Tuomas, and Heikki Wilenius, eds. Valtion antropologiaa: Tutkimuksia ihmisten hallitsemisesta ja vastarinnasta. SKS Finnish Literature Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/skst.1470.
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What is a state? This volume approaches the question from an anthropological perspective, which means that the starting point of the analysis is not the concept of the state, but instead, what kinds of structures the state consists of, what kinds of effects these structures have, and how states are experienced by the people who inhabit, make, enact, and resist them. The volume introduces a contemporary anthropological approach to the study of the state for a Finnish-speaking audience. This new approach examines the state as a diverse, socially and culturally constructed phenomenon that varies in time and place. Additional aims of the volume are to introduce and translate concepts from political anthropology to the Finnish language, and to make anthropological analyses of the state known to other disciplines that study the state and to the general Finnish-speaking public. Covering a wide variety of ethnographic contexts examining both the effects of the state and the state-like effects of other institutions, the volume contains case studies from Brazil, Uganda, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar, Finland, Bolivia, Cuba, Egypt, Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Ghana. A theoretical introduction presents the development of anthropological thinking with regard to the state and state-like institutions. An afterword reflects on the contribution of the volume in light of the ethnographic context of Indonesia.
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Eisen, Robert. Religious Zionism, Jewish Law, and the Morality of War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687090.001.0001.
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When the state of Israel was established in 1948, it was immediately thrust into war, and rabbis in the religious Zionist community were challenged with constructing a body of Jewish law to deal with this turn of events. Laws had to be “constructed” here because Jewish law had developed mostly during prior centuries when Jews had no state or army, and therefore it contained little material on war. The rabbis in the religious Zionist camp responded to this challenge by creating a substantial corpus of laws on war, and they did so with remarkable ingenuity and creativity. The work of these rabbis represents a fascinating chapter in the history of Jewish law and ethics, but it has attracted relatively little attention from academic scholars. The purpose of the present book is therefore to bring some of their work to light. It examines how five of the leading rabbis in the religious Zionist community dealt with key moral issues in the waging of war. Chapters are devoted to R. Abraham Isaac Kook, R. Isaac Halevi Herzog, R. Eliezer Waldenberg, R. Sha’ul Yisraeli, and R. Shlomo Goren. The moral issues examined include the question of who is a legitimate authority for initiating a war, why Jews in a modern Jewish state can be drafted to fight on its behalf, and whether the killing of enemy civilians is justified. Other issues examined include how the laws of war as formulated by religious Zionist rabbis compares to those of international law.
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Ceccarelli, Paola, Lutz Doering, Thorsten Fögen, and Ingo Gildenhard, eds. Letters and Communities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804208.001.0001.
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The writing of letters often evokes associations of a single author and a single addressee, who share in the exchange of intimate thoughts across distances of space and time. This model underwrites such iconic notions as the letter representing an ‘image of the soul of the author’ or constituting ‘one half of a dialogue’. However justified this conception of letter-writing may be in particular instances, it tends to marginalize a range of issues that were central to epistolary communication in the ancient world and have yet to receive sustained and systematic investigation. In particular, it overlooks the fact that letters frequently presuppose and are designed to reinforce communities—or, indeed, constitute them in the first place. This volume offers a theoretically informed Introduction on the interrelation of letters and communities, followed by thirteen case studies from four key cultural configurations in the ancient world: Greece and Rome, Judaism and Christianity. After two papers on the theory and practice of epistolary communication that focus on ancient epistolary theory and the unavoidable presence of a letter-carrier who introduces a communal aspect into any correspondence (Section A), the volume comprises five chapters that explore configurations of power and epistolary communication in the Greek and Roman worlds, from the archaic period to the end of the Hellenistic age (Section B). Five chapters on letters and communities in ancient Judaism and early Christianity follow (Section C). The final Section D (‘Envoi’) contains a paper on the trans-historical or indeed timeless philosophical community Seneca the Younger construes in his Letters to Lucilius.