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1
Hardman, David, Thomas George Thuruthel, Antonia Georgopoulou, Frank Clemens, and Fumiya Iida. "3D Printable Soft Sensory Fiber Networks for Robust and Complex Tactile Sensing." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human tactile system is composed of multi-functional mechanoreceptors distributed in an optimized manner. Having the ability to design and optimize multi-modal soft sensory systems can further enhance the capabilities of current soft robotic systems. This work presents a complete framework for the fabrication of soft sensory fiber networks for contact localization, using pellet-based 3D printing of piezoresistive elastomers to manufacture flexible sensory networks with precise and repeatable performances. Given a desirable soft sensor property, our methodology can design and fabricate optimized sensor morphologies without human intervention. Extensive simulation and experimental studies are performed on two printed networks, comparing a baseline network to one optimized via an existing information theory based approach. Machine learning is used for contact localization based on the sensor responses. The sensor responses match simulations with tunable performances and good localization accuracy, even in the presence of damage and nonlinear material properties. The potential of the networks to function as capacitive sensors is also demonstrated.
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Chowdhury, Azmal Huda, Borzooye Jafarizadeh, Nezih Pala, and Chunlei Wang. "Wearable Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Contact and Non-Contact Sensing and Pulse Waveform Monitoring." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 6872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206872.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sensitive and flexible pressure sensors have invoked considerable interest for a broad range of applications in tactile sensing, physiological sensing, and flexible electronics. The barrier between high sensitivity and low fabrication cost needs to be addressed to commercialize such flexible pressure sensors. A low-cost sacrificial template-assisted method for the capacitive sensor has been reported herein, utilizing a porous Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer and a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite-based dielectric layer. The sensor shows high sensitivity of 2.42 kPa−1 along with a low limit of detection of 1.46 Pa. The high sensitivity originates from adding MWCNT to PDMS, increasing the composite polymer’s dielectric constant. Besides this, the pressure sensor shows excellent stability at a cyclic loading of 9000 cycles, proving its reliability for long-lasting application in tactile and physiological sensing. The high sensitivity of the sensor is suitable for the detection of small deformations such as pulse waveforms as well as tactile pressure sensing. In addition, the paper demonstrates a simultaneous contact and non-contact sensing capability suitable for dual sensing (pressure and proximity) with a single data readout system. The dual-mode sensing capability may open opportunities for realizing compact systems in robotics, gesture control, contactless applications, and many more. The practicality of the sensor was shown in applications such as tactile sensing, Morse code generator, proximity sensing, and pulse wave sensing.
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Arai, Yoshikazu, Atsushi Shibuya, Y. Yoshikawa, and Wei Gao. "Online Measurement of Micro-Aspheric Surface Profile with Compensation of Scanning Error." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A novel scanning probe measurement system has been developed to achieve precise profile measurements of micro-aspheric surfaces. The system consists of a scanning stage (a spindle and a linear slide) and a sensor unit. The sensor unit consists of a ring artifact, two capacitance sensors and a contact-mode displacement sensor. The two capacitance sensors scan the surface of the ring artifact to measure and compensate the error motions of the scanning stage while the contact-mode displacement sensor scans the surface of a micro-aspheric. In this paper, a new contact-mode displacement sensor that has a small contact force of less than 2.3 mN and a stable output has been developed. After investigating the fundamental performance of the contact-mode displacement sensor, the sensor has been applied to the micro-aspheric surface profile measurement system. The effectiveness of the measurement system has been verified by the measurement results.
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Xu, Shaoyi, Fangfang Xing, Ruilin Wang, Wei Li, Yuqiao Wang, and Xianghui Wang. "Vibration sensor for the health monitoring of the large rotating machinery: review and outlook." Sensor Review 38, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2017-0049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose At present, one of the key equipment in pillar industries is a large rotating machinery. Conducting regular health monitoring is important for ensuring safe operation of the large rotating machinery. Because vibrations sensors play an important role in the workings of the rotating machinery, measuring its vibration signal is an important task in health monitoring. This paper aims to present these. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the contact vibration sensor and the non-contact vibration sensor have been discussed. These sensors consist of two types: the electric vibration sensor and the optical fiber vibration sensor. Their applications in the large rotating machinery for the purpose of health monitoring are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are also presented. Findings Compared with the electric vibration sensor, the optical fiber vibration sensor of large rotating machinery has unique advantages in health monitoring, such as provision of immunity against electromagnetic interference, requirement of less insulation and provision of long-distance signal transmission. Originality/value Both contact vibration sensor and non-contact vibration sensor have been discussed. Among them, the electric vibration sensor and the optical fiber vibration sensor are compared. Future research direction of the vibration sensors is presented.
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Enser, Herbert, Christina Offenzeller, Marcel Knoll, Wolfgang Hilber, and Bernhard Jakoby. "Capacitive Contact Sensor on an Elastic Polymer Sheet." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (December 13, 2018): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an increasing need for embedded sensors integrated into parts and mechanical components, which are often polymer based. We investigated a solution to print capacitive sensors onto elastic polymer sheets to monitor the physical contact with other adjacent components. The capacitive sensors are oriented in an array across the surface of said sheet to monitor the contact and the distance to a neighboring electrically conductive object. In the particularly investigated setup, the sheet is embedded between to metallic (aluminum) plates and the capacitance of the sensor is changed due to the compression of the dielectric material between the interdigital fingers constituting the sensor.
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Sequeira, Gerald Joy, Robert Lugner, Ulrich Jumar, and Thomas Brandmeier. "A validation sensor based on carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic for early activation of automotive occupant restraint systems." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-19-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In the automotive industry, sensors and sensor systems are one of the most important components in upcoming challenges like highly automated and autonomous driving. Forward-looking sensors (radar, lidar and cameras) have the technical capability to already provide important (pre-)crash information, such as the position of contact, relative crash velocity and overlap (width of contact) before the crash occurs. Future safety systems can improve crash mitigation with sophisticated vehicle safety strategies based on this information. One such strategy is an early activation of restraint systems compared with conventional passive safety systems. These integrated safety systems consist of a combination of predictive forward-looking sensors and occupant restraint systems (airbags, belt tensioners, etc.) to provide the best occupant safety in inevitable crash situations. The activation of the restraint systems is the most critical decision process and requires a very robust validation system to avoid false activation. Hence, the information provided by the forward-looking sensor needs to be highly reliable. A validation sensor is required to check the plausibility of crucial information from forward-looking sensors used in integrated safety systems for safe automated and autonomous driving. This work presents a CFRP-based (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic) validation sensor working on the principle of change in electrical resistance when a contact occurs. This sensor detects the first contact, gives information on impact position (where the contact occurs) and provides information on the overlap. The aim is to activate the vehicle restraint systems at near T0 (time of first contact). Prototypes of the sensor were manufactured in house and manually and were evaluated. At first, the sensor and its working principle were tested with a pendulum apparatus. In the next stage, the sensor was tested in a real crash test. The comparison of the signals from the CFRP-based sensor with presently used crash sensors in the vehicle highlights its advantages. The crash event can be identified at 0.1 ms after the initial contact. The sensor also provides information on impact position at 1.2 ms and enables a validation of the overlap development. Finally, a possible algorithm for the vehicle safety system using forward-looking sensors with a validation sensor is described.
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Kikuchi, Shin, and Yoshio Koide. "Linear Image Sensors. High Speed, High Gradation Contact Type Linear Image Sensor BASIS Multi-Chip Contact Sensor." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 47, no. 9 (1993): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.47.1177.
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Meteier, Quentin, Michiel Kindt, Leonardo Angelini, Omar Abou Khaled, and Elena Mugellini. "Non-Intrusive Contact Respiratory Sensor for Vehicles." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, we propose a low-cost solution capable of collecting the driver’s respiratory signal in a robust and non-intrusive way by contact with the chest and abdomen. It consists of a microcontroller and two piezoelectric sensors with their respective 3D printed plastic housings attached to the seat belt. An iterative process was conducted to find the optimal shape of the sensor housing. The location of the sensors can be easily adapted by sliding them along the seat belt. A few participants took part in three test sessions in a driving simulator. They had to perform various activities: resting, deep breathing, manual driving, and a non-driving-related task during automated driving. The subjects’ breathing rates were calculated from raw data collected with a reference chest belt, each sensor alone, and the fusion of the two. Results indicate that respiratory rate could be assessed from a single sensor located on the chest with an average absolute error of 0.92 min−1 across all periods, dropping to 0.13 min−1 during deep breathing. Sensor fusion did not improve system performance. A 4-pole filter with a cutoff frequency of 1 Hz emerged as the best option to minimize the error during the different periods. The results suggest that such a system could be used to assess the driver’s breathing rate while performing various activities in a vehicle.
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Pospelov, Alexander P., Victor I. Belan, Dmytro O. Harbuz, Volodymyr L. Vakula, Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk, Yuliya V. Volkova, and Gennadii V. Kamarchuk. "Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (October 28, 2020): 1631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Of all modern nanosensors using the principle of measuring variations in electric conductance, point-contact sensors stand out in having a number of original sensor properties not manifested by their analogues. The nontrivial nature of point-contact sensors is based on the unique properties of Yanson point contacts used as the sensing elements. The quantum properties of Yanson point contacts enable the solution of some of the problems that could not be solved using conventional sensors measuring conductance. In the present paper, we demonstrate this by showing the potential of quantum point-contact sensors to selectively detect components of a gas mixture in real time. To demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed approach, we analyze the human breath, which is the most complex of the currently known natural gas mixtures with extremely low concentrations of its components. Point-contact sensors allow us to obtain a spectroscopic profile of the mixture. This profile contains information about the complete set of energy interactions occurring in the point contact/breath system when the breath constituents adsorb to and desorb from the surface of the point-contact conduction channel. With this information we can unambiguously characterize the analyzed system, since knowing the energy parameters is key to successfully identifying and modeling the physicochemical properties of various quantum objects. Using the point-contact spectroscopic profile of a complex gas mixture it is possible to get a functional dependence of the concentration of particular breath components on the amplitude of the sensor output signal. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, we analyze the point-contact profiles from the breath of several patients and compare them with the concentrations of serotonin and cortisol in the body of each patient. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed methodology allows one to get an effective calibration function for a non-invasive analysis of the level of serotonin and cortisol in the human body using the point-contact breath test. The present study indicates some necessary prerequisites for the design of fast detection methods using differential sensor analysis in real time, which can be implemented in various areas of science and technology, among which medicine is one of the most important.
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Zhang, Yingxuan, Feng Ju, Xiaoyong Wei, Dan Wang, and Yaoyao Wang. "A Piezoelectric Tactile Sensor for Tissue Stiffness Detection with Arbitrary Contact Angle." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 6607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a piezoelectric tactile sensor for detecting tissue stiffness in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) is proposed. It can detect the stiffness not only when the probe is normal to the tissue surface, but also when there is a contact angle between the probe and normal direction. It solves the problem that existing sensors can only detect in the normal direction to ensure accuracy when the degree of freedom (DOF) of surgical instruments is limited. The proposed senor can distinguish samples with different stiffness and recognize lump from normal tissue effectively when the contact angle varies within [0°, 45°]. These are achieved by establishing a new detection model and sensor optimization. It deduces the influence of contact angle on stiffness detection by sensor parameters design and optimization. The detection performance of the sensor is confirmed by simulation and experiment. Five samples with different stiffness (including lump and normal samples with close stiffness) are used. Through blind recognition test in simulation, the recognition rate is 100% when the contact angle is randomly selected within 30°, 94.1% within 45°, which is 38.7% higher than the unoptimized sensor. Through blind classification test and automatic k-means clustering in experiment, the correct rate is 92% when the contact angle is randomly selected within 45°. We can get the proposed sensor can easily recognize samples with different stiffness with high accuracy which has broad application prospects in the medical field.
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Marchiori, Bastien, Simon Regal, Yanid Arango, Roger Delattre, Sylvain Blayac, and Marc Ramuz. "PVDF-TrFE-Based Stretchable Contact and Non-Contact Temperature Sensor for E-Skin Application." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development of stretchable electronics has been driven by key applications such as electronics skin for robotic or prosthetic. Mimicking skin functionalities imposes at a minimal level: stretchability, pressure, and temperature sensing capabilities. While the research on pressure sensors for artificial skin is extensive, stretchable temperature sensors remain less explored. In this work, a stretchable temperature and infrared sensor has been developed on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The sensor is based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) as a pyroelectric material. This material is sandwiched between two electrodes. The first one consists of aluminium serpentines, covered by gold in order to get electrical contact and maximum stretchability. The second one is based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) that has shown good electrical compatibility with PVDF-TrFE and provides the stretchability of the top electrode. Without poling the PVDF-TrFE, sensor has shown a sensitivity of around 7 pF.°C−1 up to 35% strain without any change in its behaviour. Then, taking advantage on infrared absorption of PEDOT:PSS, a poled device has shown a pyroelectric peak of 13 mV to an infrared illumination of 5 mW at 830 nm. This stretchable device valuably allows an electronic skin (e-skin) use for contact and more importantly non-contact thermal sensing.
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Yefremov, A., and N. Makarova. "Mechanoluminescent Contact Type Sensor." Science and Education of the Bauman MSTU 17, no. 01 (January 3, 2017): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7463/0117.0000923.
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Ye, Yong, Xiangjun Zeng, Kun Yu, Feng Liu, and Lanxi Bi. "Traveling Wave Fault Location Technology in Distribution Network Based on Non-Contact Sensor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2186, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2186/1/012003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In view of the fact that traditional traveling wave sensors need to be directly connected with primary high-voltage equipment, the layout is not flexible, construction is inconvenient, and the traditional ferromagnetic coil traveling wave sensors have problems such as low sensitivity and magnetic saturation. The use of magnetoresistance chip to design non-contact traveling wave sensor is proposed. Theoretical analysis of the magnetoresistance chip is carried out, and the tunnel magnetoresistance chip is selected as the non-contact sensor magnetic sensitive element; the non-contact sensor hardware circuit is designed, the sample is trial-produced, and the experimental test is carried out. The experiment shows that the non-contact sensor can detect a traveling wave signal with a bandwidth of 100kHz∼5MHz, which meets the requirements of traveling wave detection for common fault types in the distribution network. A demonstration project has been built, and operation shows that the non-contact sensor can successfully detect single-phase grounding, interphase short circuit, lightning strikes and other fault types traveling wave signal, sensitivity is higher than traditional traveling wave sensor, positioning error is less than 150m.
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Arif, Ridi, Okta Irviana Muminin, Nenis Rahma Wulandari, Koekoeh Santoso, and Dhani S. Wibawa. "Use of the MLX 90164 sensor and the ThingSpeak platform for internet of things-based animal body temperature check." ARSHI Veterinary Letters 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avl.5.2.35-36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The MLX 90614 sensor is an IR sensor used to measure temperature without contact. This sensor can measure the object's temperature and ambient temperature in the range of -40 oC – 125 oC. These sensors are widely used in areas such as room temperature measurement, machine temperature, ambient temperature, and body temperature. The MLX 90614 sensor is not yet fully usable directly to perform temperature measurements due to the program's simple defaults so that the measurement results are inaccurate. Therefore, optimization is needed to increase the precision value of the body's internal temperature estimation using this sensor. The method carried out in this study used 6 experimental sheep. Temperature checks are performed through a contact thermometer and compared to non-contact checks by MLX 90614 sensors. Results showed the average temperature of the contact thermometer was 39.28±0.09 oC while the MLX sensor yield was 35.78±1.38 oC. The average temperature difference was 3.5±1.48 oC. The results showed that the temperature difference correction factor needs to be included in the script code when running MLX 90614 sensor. The results of temperature checks by the sensor can be sent directly in real time to the ThingSpeak platform so that the results can be stored and accessed in different places easily. The use of MLX 90614 sensor combined with IoT concept using ThingSpeak can facilitate the process of non-contact body temperature check, and also make the data can be accessed dan stored easily.
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Sawada, Renshi, and Hirofumi Nogami. "Micro Laser Blood Flow Sensor with Built-In Contact Pressure Sensor and Contact Skin Temperature Sensor." Journal of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 23, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep.23.368.
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Tsuji, Satoshi, and Teruhiko Kohama. "Proximity and Contact Sensor by Combining Multiple ToF Sensors and Self-Capacitive Sensor." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 141, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.141.197.
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MacRae, Braid A., Christina M. Spengler, Agnes Psikuta, René M. Rossi, and Simon Annaheim. "A Thermal Skin Model for Comparing Contact Skin Temperature Sensors and Assessing Measurement Errors." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144906.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To improve the measurement and subsequent use of human skin temperature (Tsk) data, there is a need for practical methods to compare Tsk sensors and to quantify and better understand measurement error. We sought to develop, evaluate, and utilize a skin model with skin-like thermal properties as a tool for benchtop Tsk sensor comparisons and assessments of local temperature disturbance and sensor bias over a range of surface temperatures. Inter-sensor comparisons performed on the model were compared to measurements performed in vivo, where 14 adult males completed an experimental session involving rest and cycling exercise. Three types of Tsk sensors (two of them commercially available and one custom made) were investigated. Skin-model-derived inter-sensor differences were similar (within ±0.4 °C) to the human trial when comparing the two commercial Tsk sensors, but not for the custom Tsk sensor. Using the skin model, all surface Tsk sensors caused a local temperature disturbance with the magnitude and direction dependent upon the sensor and attachment and linearly related to the surface-to-environment temperature gradient. Likewise, surface Tsk sensors also showed bias from both the underlying disturbed surface temperature and that same surface in its otherwise undisturbed state. This work supports the development and use of increasingly realistic benchtop skin models for practical Tsk sensor comparisons and for identifying potential measurement errors, both of which are important for future Tsk sensor design, characterization, correction, and end use.
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Ponticelli, R., and P. Gonzalez de Santos. "Full perimeter obstacle contact sensor based on flex sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 147, no. 2 (October 2008): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2008.05.029.
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Yoshikai, Tomoaki, Marika Hayashi, Yui Ishizaka, Hiroko Fukushima, Asuka Kadowaki, Takashi Sagisaka, Kazuya Kobayashi, Iori Kumagai, and Masayuki Inaba. "Development of Robots with Soft Sensor Flesh for Achieving Close Interaction Behavior." Advances in Artificial Intelligence 2012 (November 13, 2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/157642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to achieve robots' working around humans, safe contacts against objects, humans, and environments with broad area of their body should be allowed. Furthermore, it is desirable to actively use those contacts for achieving tasks. Considering that, many practical applications will be realized by whole-body close interaction of many contacts with others. Therefore, robots are strongly expected to achieve whole-body interaction behavior with objects around them. Recently, it becomes possible to construct whole-body tactile sensor network by the advancement of research for tactile sensing system. Using such tactile sensors, some research groups have developed robots with whole-body tactile sensing exterior. However, their basic strategy is making a distributed 1-axis tactile sensor network covered with soft thin material. Those are not sufficient for achieving close interaction and detecting complicated contact changes. Therefore, we propose “Soft Sensor Flesh.” Basic idea of “Soft Sensor Flesh” is constructing robots' exterior with soft and thick foam with many sensor elements including multiaxis tactile sensors. In this paper, a constructing method for the robot systems with such soft sensor flesh is argued. Also, we develop some prototypes of soft sensor flesh and verify the feasibility of the proposed idea by actual behavior experiments.
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Costanzo, Marco, Giuseppe De Maria, Ciro Natale, and Salvatore Pirozzi. "Design and Calibration of a Force/Tactile Sensor for Dexterous Manipulation." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040966.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the design and calibration of a new force/tactile sensor for robotic applications. The sensor is suitably designed to provide the robotic grasping device with a sensory system mimicking the human sense of touch, namely, a device sensitive to contact forces, object slip and object geometry. This type of perception information is of paramount importance not only in dexterous manipulation but even in simple grasping tasks, especially when objects are fragile, such that only a minimum amount of grasping force can be applied to hold the object without damaging it. Moreover, sensing only forces and not moments can be very limiting to securely grasp an object when it is grasped far from its center of gravity. Therefore, the perception of torsional moments is a key requirement of the designed sensor. Furthermore, the sensor is also the mechanical interface between the gripper and the manipulated object, therefore its design should consider also the requirements for a correct holding of the object. The most relevant of such requirements is the necessity to hold a torsional moment, therefore a soft distributed contact is necessary. The presence of a soft contact poses a number of challenges in the calibration of the sensor, and that is another contribution of this work. Experimental validation is provided in real grasping tasks with two sensors mounted on an industrial gripper.
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Sato, Kouki, Luis Canete, and Takayuki Takahashi. "Development of a Spray-Coated Tactile Sensor – Prototype and Modeling of 2D Sensor on Cylindrical Surface –." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 6 (December 20, 2019): 882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is to extend the application of the spray-coated tactile sensor, ScoTacS, which is being developed by the authors and can be constructed simply by “coating” with a spray gun, from one dimension to two dimensions, and further to configure it into various shapes such as a ring. This sensor is constructed by coating three layers-conductive, piezoelectric, and resistive films-in sequence. It is based on a unique principle by which the contact position is detected from the delay time, i.e., the time difference between the arrivals of peaks in the output signals. As the delay time varies with the contact position, it can be used to estimate the contact position. In this paper, after analyzing the characteristics of one-dimensional sensors, such as linear and ring sensors, we present the equivalent circuit models and experimental results of a two-dimensional sensor fully coated on a cylinder.
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Mohammadi, Alireza, Yangmengfei Xu, Ying Tan, Peter Choong, and Denny Oetomo. "Magnetic-based Soft Tactile Sensors with Deformable Continuous Force Transfer Medium for Resolving Contact Locations in Robotic Grasping and Manipulation." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224925.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The resolution of contact location is important in many applications in robotics and automation. This is generally done by using an array of contact or tactile receptors, which increases cost and complexity as the required resolution or area is increased. Tactile sensors have also been developed using a continuous deformable medium between the contact and the receptors, which allows few receptors to interpolate the information among them, avoiding the weakness highlighted in the former approach. The latter is generally used to measure contact force intensity or magnitude but rarely used to identify the contact locations. This paper presents a systematic design and characterisation procedure for magnetic-based soft tactile sensors (utilizing the latter approach with the deformable contact medium) with the goal of locating the contact force location. This systematic procedure provides conditions under which design parameters can be selected, supported by a selected machine learning algorithm, to achieve the desired performance of the tactile sensor in identifying the contact location. An illustrative example, which combines a particular sensor configuration (magnetic hall effect sensor as the receptor, a selected continuous medium and a selected sensing resolution) and a specific data-driven algorithm, is used to illustrate the proposed design procedure. The results of the illustrative example design demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed design procedure and the proposed sensing strategy in identifying a contact location. The resulting sensor is also tested on a robotic hand (Allegro Hand, SimLab Co) to demonstrate its application in real-world scenarios.
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Jin, Sheng, Srihari Rajgopal, and Mehran Mehregany. "Characterization of Poly-SiC Pressure Sensors for High Temperature and High Pressure Applications." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 1211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.1211.
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We report two improvements of our all-silicon carbide (SiC) micromachined capacitive diaphragm-based pressure sensors: Ti/TaSi2/Pt contact metallization to enhance temperature cycling durability and a 0.5 μm-thin sensing gap to further improve sensor sensitivity. Three sensors with 0.5 μm and 1.5 μm sensing gaps were packaged individually in high temperature ceramic packages and characterized to designed (static) pressures of 2.1 MPa (300 psi), 3.4 MPa (500psi) and 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) up to 550°C. For the 3.4 MPa range sensor (0.5 μm gap, 70 μm diaphragm radius), a sensitivity of 0.06 fF/Pa and a nonlinearity of 2.0% was obtained at 550°C in contact mode operation. In comparison, the 2.1 MPa range sensor (1.5 μm gap, 95 μm diaphragm radius) demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.07 fF/Pa and a nonlinearity of 4.6% at 550°C in contact mode operation. The 6.9 MPa range sensor (1.5 μm gap, 70 μm diaphragm radius) demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.03 fF/Pa and a nonlinearity of 4.0% at 500°C, also in contact mode.
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Lyu, Fei, Shuo Huang, Chaoran Wu, Xingcheng Liang, Pengzhan Zhang, Yuxuan Wang, Hongbing Pan, and Yu Wang. "A New Design of a CMOS Vertical Hall Sensor with a Low Offset." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 5734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155734.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vertical Hall sensors (VHSs), compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, are used to detect magnetic fields in the plane of the sensor. In previous studies, their performance was limited by a large offset. This paper reports on a novel CMOS seven-contact VHS (7CVHS), which is formed by adding two additional contacts to a traditional five-contact VHS (5CVHS) to alleviate the offset. The offset voltage and offset magnetic field of the 7CVHS are reduced by 90.20% and 88.31% of those of the 5CVHS, respectively, with a 16.16% current-related sensitivity loss. Moreover, the size and positions of the contacts are optimized in standard GLOBALFOUNDRIES 0.18 μm BCDliteTM technology by scanning parameters using FEM simulations. The simulation data are analyzed in groups to study the influence of the size and contact positions on the current-related sensitivity, offset voltage, and offset magnetic field.
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Guan, Jiaxi, Xinglin Zhou, Lu Liu, Maoping Ran, and Yuan Yan. "Investigation of Tri-Axial Stress Sensing and Measuring Technology for Tire-Pavement Contact Surface." Coatings 12, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040491.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A tri-axial stress sensor was designed to measure contact stresses in the tire–pavement contact patch. The shape and size of the sensor surface were designed considering both the asphalt pavement texture and the tire pattern. The top-down cracking mechanism was also taken into account, and the sensor was placed at the vertical crack depth. Temperature drifts and zero drifts were compensated for. The sensor had high structural strength and met the sensing requirements of specialized heavy vehicles. In a preliminary study, three sensors were fabricated and calibrated in three directions. Simulated measurements were performed using a tire–pavement surface contact test bench. Signals from the L-shaped sensor region were obtained for the upper, middle, and lower parts of the tire, and preliminary stress distributions were determined at different positions on the contact surface. This study has laid a foundation for the design and construction of a more precise test system in the future.
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Lozanova, Siya, Ivan Kolev, Avgust Ivanov, and Chavdar Roumenin. "2D In-Plane Sensitive Hall-Effect Sensor." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 30, 2018): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130711.
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A new 2D (two-dimensional) in-plane sensitive Hall-effect sensor comprising two identical n-Si Greek-crosses is presented. Each of the crosses contains one central square contact and, symmetrically to each of their four sides, an outer contact is available. Outer electrode from one configuration is connected with the respective opposite contact from the other configuration, thus forming four parallel three-contact (3C) Hall elements. These original connections provide pairs of opposite supply currents in each of the cross-Hall structure. Also the obligatory load resistors in the outer contacts of 3С Hall elements are replaced by internal resistances of crosses themselves. The samples have been implemented by IC technology, using four masks. The magnetic field is parallel to the structures’ plane. The couples of opposite contacts of each Greek-cross are the outputs for the two orthogonal components of the magnetic vector at sensitivities S ≈ 115 V/AT whereas the cross-talk is very promising, reaching no more than 2.4%. The mean lowest detected magnetic induction B at a supply current Is = 3 mA over the frequency range f ≤ 500 Hz at a signal to noise ratio equal to unity, is Bmin ≈ 14 μT.
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Meydan, T., and B. M. F. Bushofa. "Non-contact amorphous speed sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 37-38 (June 1993): 458–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(93)80078-u.
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Morón, C., and E. Suárez. "Non-contact digital speed sensor." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 133, no. 1-3 (May 1994): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)90635-1.
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Matsuki, Kaoru. "Vibration-type contact detection sensor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 4 (2003): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1627515.
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Du, Yanli, and Quanmin Zhu. "Decentralized adaptive force/position control of reconfigurable manipulator based on soft sensors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, no. 9 (June 18, 2018): 1260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818779848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two soft sensor control methods are proposed to deal with force/position control of reconfigurable manipulator without using wrist force sensors. First, modeling uncertainties and coupled interconnection terms between the subsystems are approximated by using adaptive radial basis function neural network, and the soft sensor model of the contact force is established by means of adaptive radial basis function neural network to design hybrid force/position controller. Then, a decentralized explicit force controller based on impedance inner control is designed. The reference trajectory of impedance inner controller is provided by explicit force controller based on the fuzzy prediction, and the soft sensor model of the contact force is established by the fuzzy system. The proposed soft sensor models do not request the exact mathematical relationship between the contact force and auxiliary variables and provide a feasible method to replace the wrist force sensors which are expensive and easily influenced by the external factors. Compared with the observer method, the proposed soft sensor methods do not depend on the knowledge about the model of reconfigurable manipulator, so provide better position and force tracking precision.
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Kim, Kyung-Hwa, and Hwee-Kwon Jung. "Development of a Remote Displacement Measuring Laser System for Bridge Inspection." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051963.
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Measuring displacement is essential for assessing the safety of bridges. Non-contact sensors such as vision sensors can precisely measure displacement but may be expensive or incapable of micro-scale measurement at a low cost, unlike contact displacement sensors, which are economical but challenging to install. This study proposes an economical, remote non-contact sensor system. The system comprises a laser beam transmitter and a light receiver, deriving the displacement based on the position where the laser beam is irradiated to the light-receiving surface. To measure this, the light receiver was installed at the measurement point and included a wireless communicator to transmit the displacement data. A displacement experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance. The results confirmed that precise displacement measurements were possible at a resolution of 100 µm. For bridge load tests, a light receiver under a bridge was installed, laser beams irradiated to the light-receiving surface from a distance, and the displacement was measured for each test and compared with the values measured by a conventional contact sensor. The results were highly consistent with those of the existing sensor, indicating that the proposed sensor system applies to bridge loading tests and the safety diagnosis for various structures.
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Liu, Lishuang, Yang Xu, Jianfeng Zhu, Tao Liu, Tianyuan Hou, Yongchao Li, Hongyan Liu, Yi Xin, and Xianfeng Zhou. "A Flexible Thermal Sensor Based on PVDF Film for Robot Finger Skin." Integrated Ferroelectrics 201, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2019.1668687.
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Multifunctional tactile signal detection systems for material recognition, artificial skin and unknown environment sensing have achieved good results in the study of touch and sliding. However, there are still many aspects need to be improved for thermal sensing such as changes in temperature and the thermal conductivity of the contact object. This article mainly discusses the fabrication, test and analysis of the thermal sensor. The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film is used as the carrier of the thermal sensor due to the excellent features, such as high thermal stability, good flexibility, and stable structure. The thermal sensor system based on PVDF film can detect the thermal conductivity of the contact object. Namely, the “cold” and “hot” of the contact object can be sensed and the thermal sensor system is capable of identifying the type of signal acquired and determining if there are changes in temperature of the contact object. The signals detected by sensors are tested and analyzed by the thermal sensor system and also the temperature range of the system is verified in the thermal signal detection test. It is shown in the experiments that the signal detection system can detect changes in temperature on the sensor surface sensitively. The excellent detection sensitivity and intellectualization trend of thermal sensors make PVDF films have more promising applications in prosthetics and intelligent robots.
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Son, Byoung Jong, Yoon Su Baek, and Jung Hoon Kim. "Development of Foot Modules of an Exoskeleton Equipped with Multiple Sensors for Detecting Walking Phase and Intent." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1016.
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This paper presents design and application of foot modules in exoskeleton. Detecting the walking phase and intent is most important data for controlling the wearable exoskeleton. The zero moment point (ZMP) trajectory in the robot foot support area is significant criterion for a stability of the walk. The ZMP is calculated by measured force / torque data and Force / Torque sensor (F/T sensor) can measure that. But, the thick foot module is inconvenient to walking. For such a reason, most foot modules are developed using the film type sensors such as force sensing resistor (FSR), ground contact sensor such as tape switch and so on. In this paper, the foot modules equipped optimal design of 3-axis F/T sensor and ground contact sensor are presented and experimental application of detecting the walking phase using both sensors is introduced.
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Lu, Guo Hua, Fang Fang, Xi Jing Jing, Xiao Yu, and Jian Qi Wang. "A Contact-Free Monitor of Human’S Vital Signs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 1063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.1063.
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Heart rates and breathing rates are widely used to assess the health state of human in clinic. Tranditional method uses eletrodes or sensors touching the body to measure electrocardiography (ECG) and respiratory signals.A vital signs monitor via a micorwave sensor was disscused to contact-free measurement of the heart rate and breathing rate. Comparison of vital signs derived from the microwave sensor and tranditional contact monitor demonstrated that there were no significant differences between each other, which suggested the contact-free vital signs monitor may prove a practical alternative method to measure heart rate and breathing rate.
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K., Gobi, Kannapiran B., Devaraj D., and Valarmathi K. "Design, development and performance evaluation of pressure sensor using eddy current displacement sensing coil." Sensor Review 38, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2017-0145.
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Purpose The conventional strain gauge type pressure sensor suffers in static testing of engines due to the contact transduction method. This paper aims to focus on the concept of non-contact transduction-based pressure sensor using eddy current displacement sensing coil (ECDS) to overcome the temperature limitations of the strain gauge type pressure sensor. This paper includes the fabrication of prototypes of the proposed pressure sensor and its performance evaluation by static calibration. The fabricated pressure sensor is proposed to measure pressure in static test environment for a short period in the order of few seconds. The limitations of the fabricated pressure sensor related to temperature problems are highlighted and the suitable design changes are recommended to aid the future design. Design/methodology/approach The design of ECDS-based pressure sensor is aimed to provide non-contact transduction to overcome the limitations of the strain gauge type of pressure sensor. The ECDS is designed and fabricated with two configurations to measure deflection of the diaphragm corresponding to the applied pressure. The fabricated ECDS is calibrated using a standard micro meter to ensure transduction within limits. The fabricated prototypes of pressure sensors are calibrated using dead weight tester, and the calibration results are analyzed to select the best configuration. The proposed pressure sensor is tested at different temperatures, and the test results are analyzed to provide recommendations to overcome the shortcomings. Findings The performance of the different configurations of the pressure sensor using ECDS is evaluated using the calibration data. The analysis of the calibration results indicates that the pressure sensor using ECDS (coil-B) with the diaphragm as target is the best configuration. The accuracy of the fabricated pressure sensor with best configuration is ±2.8 per cent and the full scale (FS) output is 3.8 KHz. The designed non-contact transduction method extends the operating temperature of the pressure sensor up to 150°C with the specified accuracy for the short period. Originality/value Most studies of eddy current sensing coil focus on the displacement and position measurement but not on the pressure measurement. This paper is concerned with the design of the pressure sensor using ECDS to realize the non-contact transduction to overcome the limitations of strain gauge type pressure sensors and evaluation of the fabricated prototypes. It is shown that the accuracy of the proposed pressure sensor is not affected by the high temperature for the short period due to non-contact transduction using ECDS.
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Henderson, Jeffrey, Joan Condell, James Connolly, Daniel Kelly, and Kevin Curran. "Reliability and Validity of Clinically Accessible Smart Glove Technologies to Measure Joint Range of Motion." Sensors 21, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051555.
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Capturing hand motions for hand function evaluations is essential in the medical field. For many allied health professionals, measuring joint range of motion (ROM) is an important skill. While the universal goniometer (UG) is the most used clinical tool for measuring joint ROM, developments in current sensor technology are providing clinicians with more measurement possibilities than ever. For rehabilitation and manual dexterity evaluations, different data gloves have been developed. However, the reliability and validity of sensor technologies when used within a smart device remain somewhat unclear. This study proposes a novel electronically controlled sensor monitoring system (ECSMS) to obtain the static and dynamic parameters of various sensor technologies for both data gloves and individual sensor evaluation. Similarly, the ECSMS was designed to closely mimic a human finger joint, to have total control over the joint, and to have an exceptionally high precision. In addition, the ECSMS device can closely mimic the movements of the finger from hyperextension to a maximum ROM beyond any person’s finger joint. Due to the modular design, the ECSMS’s sensor monitoring board is independent and extensible to include various technologies for examination. Additionally, by putting these sensory devices through multiple tests, the system accurately measures the characteristics of any rotary/linear sensor in and out of a glove. Moreover, the ECSMS tracks the movement of all types of sensors with respect to the angle values of finger joints. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of sensory devices, the ECSMS was first validated against a recognised secondary device with an accuracy and resolution of 0.1°. Once validated, the system simultaneously determines real angles alongside the hand monitoring device or sensor. Due to its unique design, the system is independent of the gloves/sensors that were tested and can be used as a gold standard to realise more medical equipment/applications in the future. Consequently, this design greatly enhances testing measures within research contact and even non-contact systems. In conclusion, the ECSMS will benefit in the design of data glove technologies in the future because it provides crucial evidence of sensor characteristics. Similarly, this design greatly enhances the stability and maintainability of sensor assessments by eliminating unwanted errors. These findings provide ample evidence for clinicians to support the use of sensory devices that can calculate joint motion in place of goniometers.
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Song, Yang, Mingkun Li, Feilu Wang, and Shanna Lv. "Contact Pattern Recognition of a Flexible Tactile Sensor Based on the CNN-LSTM Fusion Algorithm." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071053.
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Recognizing different contact patterns imposed on tactile sensors plays a very important role in human–machine interaction. In this paper, a flexible tactile sensor with great dynamic response characteristics is designed and manufactured based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) material. Four contact patterns (stroking, patting, kneading, and scratching) are applied to the tactile sensor, and time sequence data of the four contact patterns are collected. After that, a fusion model based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network named CNN-LSTM is constructed. It is used to classify and recognize the four contact patterns loaded on the tactile sensor, and the recognition accuracies of the four patterns are 99.60%, 99.67%, 99.07%, and 99.40%, respectively. At last, a CNN model and a random forest (RF) algorithm model are constructed to recognize the four contact patterns based on the same dataset as those for the CNN-LSTM model. The average accuracies of the four contact patterns based on the CNN-LSTM, the CNN, and the RF algorithm are 99.43%, 96.67%, and 91.39%, respectively. All of the experimental results indicate that the CNN‑LSTM constructed in this paper has very efficient performance in recognizing and classifying the contact patterns for the flexible tactile sensor.
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Chen, Yanr Feng, Chuan Li, Yun Shui Xu, Qing Hua Yan, Shao Quan Zhang, Yan Chen, Xiao Ping Xu, Jiang Chun Xu, and Ying Na Li. "The Using of Insulated Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensor in 35kV Switch Cabinet." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1055.
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In long-period running of switch cabinet, the temperature of contact points will be rose by the big contact resistance, poor contact and longtime overloading. Overheat can cause oxidation of contact points and the increasing of contact resistance, and then the contact may be generated the spark and arc discharge. That is a bad circle. So the temperature of contact points can affect the reliability of switch cabinet. For detecting the temperature of contacts and the switch cabinet’s environment in Yanjin transformer substation, we design an Insulated FBG temperature sensor. The surveys of upper reaches indicate that the temperature of moving contact A gets the maximum 32.98°C Aug.20, 2011, the temperature of stationary contact A gets the minimum 5.75°C, and the change temperature between contacts and environment gets the maximum 2.82°C. According to relevant state regulations, the contact’s temperature of 70 °C and temperature’s changes of 35 °C in the case of environment’s temperature below 40°C are Alarm threshold value of switch cabinet.
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Cao, Guanqun, Jiaqi Jiang, Chen Lu, Daniel Fernandes Gomes, and Shan Luo. "TouchRoller: A Rolling Optical Tactile Sensor for Rapid Assessment of Textures for Large Surface Areas." Sensors 23, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052661.
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Tactile sensing is important for robots to perceive the world as it captures the physical surface properties of the object with which it is in contact and is robust to illumination and colour variances. However, due to the limited sensing area and the resistance of their fixed surface when they are applied with relative motions to the object, current tactile sensors have to tap the tactile sensor on the target object a great number of times when assessing a large surface, i.e., pressing, lifting up, and shifting to another region. This process is ineffective and time-consuming. It is also undesirable to drag such sensors as this often damages the sensitive membrane of the sensor or the object. To address these problems, we propose a roller-based optical tactile sensor named TouchRoller, which can roll around its centre axis. It maintains being in contact with the assessed surface throughout the entire motion, allowing for efficient and continuous measurement. Extensive experiments showed that the TouchRoller sensor can cover a textured surface of 8 cm × 11 cm in a short time of 10 s, much more effectively than a flat optical tactile sensor (in 196 s). The reconstructed map of the texture from the collected tactile images has a high Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 0.31 on average when compared with the visual texture. In addition, the contacts on the sensor can be localised with a low localisation error, 2.63 mm in the centre regions and 7.66 mm on average. The proposed sensor will enable the fast assessment of large surfaces with high-resolution tactile sensing and the effective collection of tactile images.
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Nagahama, Shunsuke, Kayo Migita, and Shigeki Sugano. "Soft Magnetic Powdery Sensor for Tactile Sensing." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122677.
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Soft resistive tactile sensors are versatile devices with applications in next-generation flexible electronics. We developed a novel type of soft resistive tactile sensor called a soft magnetic powdery sensor (soft-MPS) and evaluated its response characteristics. The soft-MPS comprises ferromagnetic powder that is immobilized in a liquid resin such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) after orienting in a magnetic field. On applying an external force to the sensor, the relative distance between particles changes, thereby affecting its resistance. Since the ferromagnetic powders are in contact from the initial state, they have the ability to detect small contact forces compared to conventional resistive sensors in which the conductive powder is dispersed in a flexible material. The sensor unit can be made in any shape by controlling the layout of the magnetic field. Soft-MPSs with different hardnesses that could detect small forces were fabricated. The soft-MPS could be applied to detect collisions in robot hands/arms or in ultra-sensitive touchscreen devices.
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Lee, JeeEun, and Sun K. Yoo. "Radar-Based Detection of Respiration Rate with Adaptive Harmonic Quefrency Selection." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061607.
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Continuous respiration monitoring is important for predicting a potential disease. Due to respiration measurements using contact sensors, it is difficult to achieve continuous measurement because the sensors are inconvenient to attach. In this study, a radar sensor was used for non-contact respiration measurements. The radar sensor had a high precision and could even be used in the dark. It could also be used continuously regardless of time and place. The radar sensor relied on the periodicity of respiration to detect the respiration rate. A respiration adaptive interval was set and the respiration rate was detected through harmonic quefrency selection. As a result, it was confirmed that there was no difference between the respiratory rate measured using a respiration belt and the respiratory rate detected using a radar sensor. Furthermore, case studies on changes in the radar position and about measurement for long periods confirmed that the radar sensor could detect respiration rate continuously regardless of the position and measurement duration.
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Wang, Yang, Heting Wu, Lin Xu, Hainan Zhang, Ya Yang, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Hierarchically patterned self-powered sensors for multifunctional tactile sensing." Science Advances 6, no. 34 (August 2020): eabb9083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9083.
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Flexible sensors are highly desirable for tactile sensing and wearable devices. Previous researches of smart elements have focused on flexible pressure or temperature sensors. However, realizing material identification remains a challenge. Here, we report a multifunctional sensor composed of hydrophobic films and graphene/polydimethylsiloxane sponges. By engineering and optimizing sponges, the fabricated sensor exhibits a high-pressure sensitivity of >15.22 per kilopascal, a fast response time of <74 millisecond, and a high stability over >3000 cycles. In the case of temperature stimulus, the sensor exhibits a temperature-sensing resolution of 1 kelvin via the thermoelectric effect. The sensor can generate output voltage signals after physical contact with different flat materials based on contact-induced electrification. The corresponding signals can be, in turn, used to infer material properties. This multifunctional sensor is excellent in its low cost and material identification, which provides a design concept for meeting the challenges in functional electronics.
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Choi, Byung June, Kwang Mok Jung, Jae Do Nam, Sang Moo Lee, Yasu Yoshi Yokokohji, and Hyouk Ryeol Choi. "Multilayered and Arrayed Flexible Tactile Sensor Using PVDF." Solid State Phenomena 120 (February 2007): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.120.229.
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In this paper, we present a multilayered and arrayed flexible sensor made of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), which can detect contact normal forces as well as positions. Since the sensor is flexible enough to be adapted to arbitrarily curved three-dimensional surfaces, it can be employed as the fingertip sensor of the robot hand, contact sensors for robot manipulators etc. The sensor displays enhanced characteristic features in terms of ease of fabrication, high spatial resolution and cost-effectiveness. We propose a new design of the sensor that can be fabricated without adopting sophisticated processing technique as well as with improved spatial resolution. In addition, an electronic hardware for signal processing using a DSP chip has been proposed and, its effectiveness is validated experimentally.
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Merker, Lukas, Sebastian J. Fischer Calderon, Moritz Scharff, Jorge H. Alencastre Miranda, and Carsten Behn. "Effects of Multi-Point Contacts during Object Contour Scanning Using a Biologically-Inspired Tactile Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072077.
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Vibrissae are an important tactile sense organ of many mammals, in particular rodents like rats and mice. For instance, these animals use them in order to detect different object features, e.g., object-distances and -shapes. In engineering, vibrissae have long been established as a natural paragon for developing tactile sensors. So far, having object shape scanning and reconstruction in mind, almost all mechanical vibrissa models are restricted to contact scenarios with a single discrete contact force. Here, we deal with the effect of multi-point contacts in a specific scanning scenario, where an artificial vibrissa is swept along partly concave object contours. The vibrissa is modeled as a cylindrical, one-sided clamped Euler-Bernoulli bending rod undergoing large deflections. The elasticae and the support reactions during scanning are theoretically calculated and measured in experiments, using a spring steel wire, attached to a force/torque-sensor. The experiments validate the simulation results and show that the assumption of a quasi-static scanning displacement is a satisfying approach. Beyond single- and two-point contacts, a distinction is made between tip and tangential contacts. It is shown that, in theory, these contact phases can be identified solely based on the support reactions, what is new in literature. In this way, multipoint contacts are reliably detected and filtered in order to discard incorrectly reconstructed contact points.
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Jiang, Shali, and Qiong Ren. "Application of Sensors in Intelligent Clothing Design." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 06 (June 22, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i06.8694.
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<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">In order to study the application of sensors in intelligent clothing design, the artificially intelligent cutting-edge technology -machine learning method was proposed to combine a variety of signals of non-contact sensors in several different positions. Higher accuracy was achieved, while maintaining the comfort brought by a non-contact sensor. The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy focused on the combination of clothing design technology and artificial intelligence technology. As a result, without changing the sensor materials, it enhances the comfort and precision of clothing, eliminates the comfort reduced by sensor close to the skin, and transforms inaccurate measurement into accurate measurement. </span></p>
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Peña, F., J. C. Rico, G. Valiño, P. Fernández, V. Meana, and P. Zapico. "Contact Image Sensor integration in Fused Filament Fabrication machines for layer inspection." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1193, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1193/1/012091.
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Abstract One of the limiting factors for industrial application of additive manufacturing (AM) is the lack of geometrical accuracy of manufactured parts. To improve precision, non-contact sensors should be integrated into AM machines, capable of performing in-situ inspection of the part and being able to detect and compensate for the actual geometrical errors. A non-contact digitizing system is proposed in this work for the inspection of the deposited material layers, based on a Contact Image Sensor (CIS) extracted from a commercial flatbed paper scanner. In order to integrate this sensor in an AM machine, a methodology was developed that includes the sensor operation analysis, the design of the necessary hardware and software to be externally controlled and the subsequent processing of the captured images. Results prove that the CIS sensor can be integrated in any device external to the original scanner.
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Patton, Declan A., Colin M. Huber, Susan S. Margulies, Christina L. Master, and Kristy B. Arbogast. "Comparison of Video-Identified Head Contacts and Sensor-Recorded Events in High School Soccer." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0191.
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Field studies have evaluated the accuracy of sensors to measure head impact exposure using video analysis, but few have studied false negatives. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the proportion of potential false negatives in high school soccer head impact data. High school athletes (23 females and 31 males) wore headband-mounted Smart Impact Monitor-G impact sensors during competitive soccer games. Video footage from 41 varsity games was analyzed by 2 independent reviewers to identify head contact events, which were defined as visually observed contact to the head. Of the 1991 video-identified head contact events for which sensors were functioning and worn by the players, 1094 (55%) were recorded by the sensors. For female players, 45% of video-identified head contact events were recorded by the sensor compared with 59% for male players. For both females and males, sensitivity varied by impact mechanism. By quantifying the proportion of potential false negatives, the sensitivity of a sensor can be characterized, which can inform the interpretation of previous studies and the design of future studies using head impact sensors. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining ground truth labels of head impacts, video review should be considered a complementary tool to head impact sensors.
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Ciro Zuleta, Erwin, Carla Lupi, Ferdinando Felli, Claudio Paris, and Cristian Vendittozzi. "Railway overhead contact wire monitoring system by means of FBG sensors." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, no. 57 (June 22, 2021): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.57.18.
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Safety of infrastructures represents one of the most significant concerns for governments and service providers to preserve people's well-being. One of the main ways to keep in safe facilities (buildings, bridges, railways, etc.) involves the use of monitoring sensor systems in charge of measuring critical operating conditions. Those measurements together with periodical maintenance, contribute to minimize potential risks that the infrastructure faces. The paper aims at designing, developing, and testing a monitoring system for mechanical stresses acting on the overhead contact wire (OCW) to ensure the operational safety of the railway network. In this regard, the paper proposes two Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors-based solutions, relying on the ability of these sensors to allow real-time and continuous data acquisition. The first one consists in a polyimide-coated sensor bonded on an OCW clamp, the second one is a copper-coated sensor hanging between the two separated halves of an OCW clamp. Significant results have been obtained mechanically testing both solutions, trying to simulate the operative conditions.
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Shimizu, Yuki, Yuki Matsuno, Yuan-Liu Chen, and Wei Gao. "Design and Testing of a Micro Thermal Sensor for Non-Contact Surface Defect Detection." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0781.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents an experimental study on a new concept of a surface defect detection method, in which surface defects will be detected by monitoring a change in heat flow between a micro thermal sensor and a smoothly-finished measuring surface such as magnetic disks, sapphire substrates and so on. In the proposed method, the micro thermal sensor is designed to detect surface defects without any contacts in between them. Since the change in heat flow across the gap is utilized, the method is expected to find out both the convex and concave defects. Searching for the possibility of the non-contact surface defect detection by the micro thermal sensor, in this paper, a simple heat transfer model is established to estimate the change in heat flow due to the change in gap between the measuring surface and the sensor surface. Some basic experiments are also carried out by using prototype micro thermal sensors, each of which is composed of a pair of electrodes and a thin metal film resistor, fabricated on both the silicon and glass substrates.
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Zhou, Maolei, Chresten von der Heide, and Andreas Dietzel. "Four-Level Micro-Via Technology (4LµV) for ASIC Integration in Active Flexible Sensor Arrays." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 4723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Systems-in-foil with multi-sensor arrays require extensive wiring with large numbers of data lines. This prevents scalability of the arrays and thus limits the applications. To enable multiplexing and thus reducing the external connections down to few digital data links and a power supply, active circuits in the form of ASICs must be integrated into the foils. However, this requires reliable multilayer wiring of the sensors and contacts for chip integration. As an elegant solution to this, a new manufacturing process for multilayer wiring in polyimide-based sensor foils has been developed that also allows ASIC chips to be soldered. The electrical four-level micro-via connections and the contact pads are generated by galvanic copper deposition after all other process steps, including stacking and curing of polyimide layers, are completed. Compared to layer by layer via technology, the processing time is considerably reduced. Because copper plating of vias and solderable copper contact pads happens as the final step, the risk of copper oxidation during polyimide curing is completely eliminated. The entire fabrication process is demonstrated for six strain sensor nodes connected to a surface-mounted ASIC as a detecting unit for sensing spatially resolved bending states. Each sensor node is a full-bridge configuration consisting of four strain gauges distributed across interconnected layers. The sensor foil allows bending of +/−120° without damage. This technology can be used in future for all kinds of complex flexible systems-in-foil, in particular for large arrays of sensors.