Дисертації з теми "Consumption patterns and practices"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Consumption patterns and practices.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Consumption patterns and practices".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Denegri-Knott, Janice. "Consumption patterns and practices in the digital virtual." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529283.
Повний текст джерела
2
Frost, Anna. "Determining the practices and beliefs regarding nutritional supplement use in an urban adult population attending a medical centre in Rondebosch East, Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background
Empirical research on how and why nutritional supplements (including vitamin/mineral supplements and herbal supplements) are being taken by middle-income populations in South Africa is lacking. This study quantifies the types of nutritional supplements being taken. It unpacks beliefs regarding benefits and risks. This information is useful for healthcare practitioners in similar settings as it could affect their practice of history taking and alert practitioners to the need to know more about nutritional supplement benefits and risks. The information could be used to influence policy regarding advertising and labelling of nutritional supplements.
Method
The study was a cross-sectional survey. An anonymous self-completed structured questionnaire was completed by 123 participants attending a medical centre during the data collection period. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted on 16 participants to gather qualitative information.
Results
Nutritional supplements were widely taken in this questionnaire sample (59%). Consumption was not related to age, language, ethnic group, education and smoking, but nutritional supplements were more commonly used by women and higher income groups. Women who felt they had fair/poor health, women with chronic medical conditions, especially those with depression or women on chronic prescription medication were more likely to take nutritional supplements than those without these characteristics.
Wellness, treating tiredness and short-term disease prevention were the most common reasons for taking the supplements, although research proving these benefits is lacking. Chronic disease prevention was an uncommon reason for consumption. Participants were mostly unaware of possible drug interactions and side-effects and therefore felt it unnecessary to inform their practitioner of consumption habits.
Conclusion
Healthcare professionals should include a nutritional supplement question in their routine history taking, especially when prescribing chronic medication and in the presence of chronic conditions. They should be knowledgeable regarding efficacy, safety, possible side-effects and drug interactions of commonly consumed nutritional supplements in order to advise patients appropriately. Further empirical research is needed into proven benefits of nutritional supplements.
3
Bonnier, Thérèce. "Building Low Carbon Lifestyles : A qualitative study of the built environment’s potential to encourage low carbon lifestyles." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212937.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With over half of the world’s population living in urban settlements and an ongoing urbanization, cities today offer a unique opportunity to tackle climate change. Emissions of greenhouse gases derive from all products and services used, and in Sweden the average inhabitant emit 7 tons of greenhouse gases in carbon dioxide equivalents every year from privately acquired products and services, calculated from a consumption perspective. Long-term climate goals, and international climate agreements sets a limit of 1-2 tons. Lifestyle changes are important to achieve sustainable development, but planning practices today generally do not try to influence citizens’ consumption, and is presumed cannot affect inhabitants’ consumption of food, clothes, electronics, furniture, etc. This thesis investigates how planning and the built environment can practically encourage more sustainable consumption patterns, and which of these practices would be suitable to implement in the current sustainability project of Norra Kymlinge. The study concludes that sustainable consumption patterns could be encouraged in Norra Kymlinge through: collaborative living, sharing infrastructure, green leases, food production, personal measurement, and semi self-built apartments. For future research, more quantitative studies on the topic are suggested.
4
Dockner, Engelbert J., and Gustav Feichtinger. "Cyclical Consumption Patterns and Rational Addiction." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6278/1/WP_5.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
5
Drake, Rana. "Patterns of meat consumption and pregnancy." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245068.
Повний текст джерела
6
Yamada, Keiko Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "Consumption patterns of Canadian baby boomers." Ottawa, 1985.
Знайти повний текст джерела
7
Peck, Celeste 1956. "FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN OBESE WOMEN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276420.
Повний текст джерела
8
Sweetman, Christopher James. "Consumption Patterns of Chesapeake Bay Fishes." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As fisheries management moves away from single-species approaches and towards more holistic, ecosystem-based approaches, physiological and ecological interactions need to be explicitly considered and mechanistically understood. Accurate portrayals of food web interactions and the direction and magnitude of energy flow between predator and prey populations are fundamental components to further develop ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). to bolster information that is required within an EBFM framework in the Chesapeake Bay, I conducted research designed to advance traditional dietary studies and better understand the form and structure within the Bay's food web. This research relied on controlled feeding experiments, comprehensive sampling of predator and prey communities, and over 10 years of data from the Chesapeake Bay Monitoring and Assessment Program (ChesMMAP) and the Juvenile Fish and Blue Crab surveys. The dissertation presented here has two main objectives: 1) incorporate additional methodologies to improve stomach content identification, and 2) examine the drivers of trophic interactions and consumption within a suite of abundant and economically valuable predatory fishes in the Chesapeake Bay. Prey that is considered unidentifiable is often ignored in stomach content analyses, but can account for a significant proportion of fish diets. in Chapter 1, I demonstrate the use of molecular techniques to detect specific prey consumed by Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and evaluate factors that influence the rate of gastric evacuation. Molecular protocols developed to identify specific prey DNA from stomach contents determined that DNA from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) can be detected as long as prey resides in the stomach (~30 hours), which is long after prey can be considered visually identifiable. Furthermore, temperature significantly influenced gastric evacuation rates and therefore should be considered throughout the collection process to ensure accurate identification of prey. Chapter 2 evaluated prey selection patterns among three sympatric predators in the Chesapeake Bay: weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and Atlantic croaker. Comprehensive sampling of predator and prey (midwater, zooplankton, benthic) populations revealed selection patterns on dominant prey selection taxa driven by a variety of mechanisms. Bay anchovy selection was significantly influenced by predator size in both weakfish and summer flounder. Mysid selection was driven by both fish size and Julian Day in weakfish and by temperature in summer flounder. Atlantic croaker select for both polychaetes and bivalves, with selection patterns relating to predator size and Julian Day. to evaluate how trophic linkages and environmental conditions influence consumption, bioenergetics models were developed in Chapter 3 for young-of-the-year Atlantic croaker and weakfish. Annual consumption from 2006 – 2016 was estimated and subsequent analyses demonstrated that prey abundance metrics significantly influenced the observed consumption patterns. This research represents a comprehensive study on predator-prey interactions within the Chesapeake Bay and contributes to a broader understanding of fish ecology and production patterns. The results from this dissertation provides a better understanding of food web structure and aids in the development EBFM strategies towards the sustainable use of marine living resources.
9
Chunsheng, Guo. "Relationship between Consumption patterns and Waste Composition." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to explore whether changes in consumption patterns contributed to the changes in waste composition in Jinan during 1999-2008 and to predict trend of the waste composition relevant total household consumer expenditure in the future 10 years. The results reveal that household consumption is the most significant contributors in changes of waste composition. Although this study points to the possibility of predictions for several important fraction such as food scraps, metal, glass, paper and plastic by according to household consumption, these predictions has not been strong enough to decrease errors, a trend can only be given in the future 10 years.
10
com, emmayuen@hotmail, and Emma Yuen. "Water Consumption Patterns in Australian Aboriginal Communities." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051119.134422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aboriginal Australians have a significantly lower health status than their non-Aboriginal counterparts. To facilitate healthy living practices necessary for good health, a high level investment is currently made in water services, on the assumption that there is a relationship between the volume and quality of water supplied with health outcomes, despite the high economic and environmental cost. This thesis investigates whether the current design supply criteria of 1000-1200 litres per person per day of water, meeting the Australian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines, is both sufficient and necessary to improve the health of Aboriginal Australians. The scope of the thesis is limited to the sufficiency of design guidelines although it necessarily also touches on the broader issues of Aboriginal health.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore current water consumption patterns of consumers at multiple hierarchical levels (community, household and individual) and hence the requirements of physical infrastructure on which consumers depend. Multiple linear regression was used to consider factors correlated with supply volume, while metering was used at both the domestic and appliance level to determine where and how water was used. Meters were installed on fixtures in two houses in a community near Alice Springs. This was then complemented by qualitative information obtained through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and observation in the field. The appropriateness of the supply of high quality water for all uses was addressed by considering the volume of drinking water intake and its impact on the derivation of water quality guidelines. This was achieved by a face-to-face survey involving 57 volunteers. Fieldwork was conducted predominantly in three communities near Alice Springs although some additional data was collected in other communities in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
The results showed that the factors influencing water consumption were highly complex and variable between communities and individuals. However, there were some culturally specific needs identified in Aboriginal communities, such as the need for temperature and dust control, as well as the reduction of losses. The unique characteristics of each community made it difficult to provide a more precise estimate for design supply. As a result, overly conservative guidelines such as those already used are necessary in the short term despite there being no guarantee of improved health. In the long term, issues of community governance and capacity building will start to be addressed, and the realisation that social systems are both complex and dynamic will need to be reflected in policy. These issues were represented in a systemic conceptual model at the end of the thesis, which also highlighted inadequacies of reductionist approaches such as design supply guidelines. The thesis concluded that complex problem situations such as that of health, require a systems approach.
11
Yuen, Emma. "Water consumption patterns in Australian Aboriginal communities /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051119.134422.
Повний текст джерела
12
Pele, Winnie Kasoma. "Income and bean consumption patterns in Zambia." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent Amanor-Boadu
The literature shows that increases in incomes lead to changes in the allocation of income or expenditure shares to different food products. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the effect of income on expenditure share allocations among different food groups. The study was particularly interested in beans and how changes in incomes affect the share of bean expenditures. We used data from the 2010 Zambia Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS). The LCMS covers the whole country and provides segmentation of the respondents, across the region and rural versus urban. It also provides detailed information on the income and expenditure distributions of respondent households. This allowed for the achievement of the overall objective of this thesis: understanding how beans and other food products responded to income changes as well as other demographic and socio-economic variables. The food share is the proportion of total household income that was allocated to food. The results show that food averages about 40% of income but varied significantly across the four income groups. It was 92% for those earning less than ZMW300 per month and 37% for those earning between ZMW300 and ZMW750 per month. It was down to 22.6% for those earning between ZMW750 and ZMW2.1 million per month had a food share of total income of only 10.8%, similar to the average U.S. consumer. These averages were found to be statistically different across the income groups. We found that Zambians allocated about 40% of their food expenditure to cereals compared to 5% to pulses and 3.5% to beans. They allocated a higher proportion of their food expenditure to fruits and vegetables than to beans and/or to pulses. This shows that legumes are very low on the food hierarchy in Zambia. However, across income categories, it was found that consumers in the second income group (ZMW300 and ZMW750 per month) allocated the most of their food expenditure to beans, about 3.9%, while those in the highest income group (ZMW750 and ZMW2.1 million per month ) allocated the least, about 3%. The biggest influencing demographic factor for pulses and beans’ shares of food expenditure was locale, with urban consumers having about 1.1 and 0.8 percentage points higher share of food expenditures allocated to beans than rural consumers. The respective t-values were 15.58 and 16.96. All the demographic and socio-economic variables were statistically significant at or below the 5% level. There was no difference between the allocation of people in the highest income group and those in the lowest income group. The results suggest that if the long-term objective is to reap the nutritional benefits of beans, there may be value in focusing on two principal policy variables: education and income enhancement. However, because education is correlated with income, the benefits of undertaking this policy initiative would more than benefit the bean consumption. It should unleash across the economy a more productive workforce that understands the health benefits of its food choices.
13
Yuen, Emma. "Water consumption patterns in Australian Aboriginal communities." Thesis, Yuen, Emma (2005) Water consumption patterns in Australian Aboriginal communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/419/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aboriginal Australians have a significantly lower health status than their non-Aboriginal counterparts. To facilitate healthy living practices necessary for good health, a high level investment is currently made in water services, on the assumption that there is a relationship between the volume and quality of water supplied with health outcomes, despite the high economic and environmental cost. This thesis investigates whether the current design supply criteria of 1000-1200 litres per person per day of water, meeting the Australian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines, is both sufficient and necessary to improve the health of Aboriginal Australians. The scope of the thesis is limited to the sufficiency of design guidelines although it necessarily also touches on the broader issues of Aboriginal health.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore current water consumption patterns of consumers at multiple hierarchical levels (community, household and individual) and hence the requirements of physical infrastructure on which consumers depend. Multiple linear regression was used to consider factors correlated with supply volume, while metering was used at both the domestic and appliance level to determine where and how water was used. Meters were installed on fixtures in two houses in a community near Alice Springs. This was then complemented by qualitative information obtained through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and observation in the field. The appropriateness of the supply of high quality water for all uses was addressed by considering the volume of drinking water intake and its impact on the derivation of water quality guidelines. This was achieved by a face-to-face survey involving 57 volunteers. Fieldwork was conducted predominantly in three communities near Alice Springs although some additional data was collected in other communities in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
The results showed that the factors influencing water consumption were highly complex and variable between communities and individuals. However, there were some culturally specific needs identified in Aboriginal communities, such as the need for temperature and dust control, as well as the reduction of losses. The unique characteristics of each community made it difficult to provide a more precise estimate for design supply. As a result, overly conservative guidelines such as those already used are necessary in the short term despite there being no guarantee of improved health. In the long term, issues of community governance and capacity building will start to be addressed, and the realisation that social systems are both complex and dynamic will need to be reflected in policy. These issues were represented in a systemic conceptual model at the end of the thesis, which also highlighted inadequacies of reductionist approaches such as design supply guidelines. The thesis concluded that complex problem situations such as that of health, require a systems approach.
14
Yuen, Emma. "Water consumption patterns in Australian Aboriginal communities." Yuen, Emma (2005) Water consumption patterns in Australian Aboriginal communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/419/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aboriginal Australians have a significantly lower health status than their non-Aboriginal counterparts. To facilitate healthy living practices necessary for good health, a high level investment is currently made in water services, on the assumption that there is a relationship between the volume and quality of water supplied with health outcomes, despite the high economic and environmental cost. This thesis investigates whether the current design supply criteria of 1000-1200 litres per person per day of water, meeting the Australian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines, is both sufficient and necessary to improve the health of Aboriginal Australians. The scope of the thesis is limited to the sufficiency of design guidelines although it necessarily also touches on the broader issues of Aboriginal health.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore current water consumption patterns of consumers at multiple hierarchical levels (community, household and individual) and hence the requirements of physical infrastructure on which consumers depend. Multiple linear regression was used to consider factors correlated with supply volume, while metering was used at both the domestic and appliance level to determine where and how water was used. Meters were installed on fixtures in two houses in a community near Alice Springs. This was then complemented by qualitative information obtained through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and observation in the field. The appropriateness of the supply of high quality water for all uses was addressed by considering the volume of drinking water intake and its impact on the derivation of water quality guidelines. This was achieved by a face-to-face survey involving 57 volunteers. Fieldwork was conducted predominantly in three communities near Alice Springs although some additional data was collected in other communities in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
The results showed that the factors influencing water consumption were highly complex and variable between communities and individuals. However, there were some culturally specific needs identified in Aboriginal communities, such as the need for temperature and dust control, as well as the reduction of losses. The unique characteristics of each community made it difficult to provide a more precise estimate for design supply. As a result, overly conservative guidelines such as those already used are necessary in the short term despite there being no guarantee of improved health. In the long term, issues of community governance and capacity building will start to be addressed, and the realisation that social systems are both complex and dynamic will need to be reflected in policy. These issues were represented in a systemic conceptual model at the end of the thesis, which also highlighted inadequacies of reductionist approaches such as design supply guidelines. The thesis concluded that complex problem situations such as that of health, require a systems approach.
15
McIlvain, Gary Eugene. "CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND BELIEFS OF COLLEGE FRESHMEN." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, energy drinks that contain high caffeine content without any age restrictions for purchase, have been introduced into the U.S. market. Caffeine consumption in the U.S. has increased dramatically, resulting in an increase in emergency room visits and calls to poison control centers. This increase in energy drink consumption, along with the traditional coffees, teas, and soft drinks that people consume regularly, have pushed caffeine consumption to new highs in a multi-billion dollar market.
The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the amount of caffeine consumed by a sample of freshmen students at Marshall University, (2) their beliefs regarding caffeine consumption, (3) reported perceived benefits and adverse effects of caffeine consumption, (4) reasons for consuming or refraining from consuming caffeine, and (5) predictors of high and low caffeine consumption.
Eighty three percent reported having at least one sign/symptom of caffeine intoxication in the past while 51% reported having at least one sign/symptom of caffeine withdrawal. More than 78% consumed above the recommended 200mg of caffeine per day. The mean milligram of caffeine consumed per day in the present study was 849.86, which computes to 12.08 mg/kg/day. This was three to five times the recommended amount. Father’s social index, participation in organized activity in college, and three items for concentration, keep awake, and wake up (items of alertness) were statistically significant predictors of caffeine consumption. Respondents that participated in organized activity while in college consumed on average 60.7% more caffeine than those who indicated they did not participate in organized activity while in college. Every time the three items for concentration, keep awake, and wake up increased one point, caffeine consumption increased on average 41.1%. Females were more likely to believe that caffeine is addictive than their male counterparts. Beliefs of negative consequences of caffeine consumption did not deter caffeine consumption. Slightly more than 60% reported using caffeine to wake up in the morning and more than 76% reported using it to stay awake. This was consistent with reported beliefs of the effects of caffeine consumption. Implications for education were discussed.
16
Ornelas, Almaraz Gustavo. "Patterns of tobacco consumption in Mexico : current perspective." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/42973/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study has been to investigate current issues regarding the consumption of tobacco products in Mexico. The first chapter examines the incidence of the excise of tobacco using data from the National Income and Expenditure Household Survey of 2008. The results showed that, the excise is regressive taking the equivalent of 7.6% of consumption expenditure for smoking households in the lowest, and 3.3% from smoking households in the highest quintile. The unfairness of the excise on tobacco is confirmed by the calculation of the Kakwani index of progressivity which is estimated at -0.196. The results are valid for the 2008 taxschedule. The second chapter investigates the effect of demographic, socio-economic and psychosocial factors influencing the demand for cigarettes in Mexico. The data used for the analysis comes from two sweeps of the Mexican Family Life Survey of 2002 and 2005- 2007, a source individual-level data. A two-part model of cigarette demand is estimated. According to the estimation, a number of significant effects are found to determine the overall level of consumption in both sweeps. In the third chapter a panel hurdle model is applied to data on cigarette consumption. The model has the feature of applying the Box-Cox transformation to the dependent variable in order to address the skew distribution seen in data. It also includes a non-zero correlation coefficient to account for the temporal linkage of consumption. The data used for estimation comes from the short panel of individuals created from the Mexican Family Life Survey. The results reveal that individuals who are unusually likely to participate in the activity of smoking tend to smoke less intensively. This is confirmed by the estimated correlation parameter which appears to be significantly negative. A number of significant effects are found to determine the overall level of consumption overtime.
17
Seger, Joacim. "Bucchero : Forms and consumption patterns in San Giovenale." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Antikens kultur och samhällsliv, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Swedish excavation took place in the settlement of San Giovenale between the years 1956 to 1965 to shed further light on Etruscan settlements. During the excavation, a great amount of bucchero was uncovered at the site. This study focusses on the forms of bucchero that were uncovered in the San Giovenale area and how these vessels might be connected to a broader network of the ware. By identifying the forms of bucchero found in the area and by bringing together all the earlier publications concerned with the bucchero finds from San Giovenale, this study tries to look at the bucchero material in its totality. By locating and counting the forms and context in which the bucchero was found, together with the other finds from the area, this study attempts to contextualize and uncover the status of the bucchero ware within the settlement and how this particular ware might be connected with the Etruscan banquets. By bringing all the material together from all the areas in San Giovenale, this study hopes to paint a clearer picture of the bucchero in San Giovenale in terms of form, amount, chronology and spread of bucchero. By studying the bucchero from the settlement of San Giovenale we might greatly enhance our understanding of the bucchero ware outside of the tomb context that it is usually found within.
18
Ing, Amy. "Food consumption patterns and nutrient intake of homebound elderly." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food consumption patterns and their association with nutrient intake in 290 homebound elderly living in Sherbrooke, Quebec were: investigated. Dietary data were collected using three repeated non-consecutive 24-hour recalls and sociodemographic, physical, physiological and psychosocial characteristics were measured. Factor and cluster analyses were used to define food patterns. Due to the homogeneous dietary patterns of this population, neither the five factors nor six clusters formed were distinct. There were few dietary predictors of nutrient intake as mean intakes of energy, folacin, calcium, vitamin D and zinc by subjects in all clusters were inadequate. Protein intakes were also marginal. Eating beef predicted higher intakes of protein, niacin and zinc for women. Smoking predicted both poorer food choices and nutrient intake. A diagnosis of emphysema predicted higher food intakes. Recommended dietary changes for this population include increased consumption of dairy products and other protein sources as well as energy-dense foods in order to increase micronutrient intake and prevent weight loss in some individuals.
19
Boys, Annabel Frances. "Young substance users : modelling consumption patterns, problems and expectations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/young-substance-users--modelling-consumption-patterns-problems-and-expectations(350a7ff3-f70f-4d4a-9acb-814c5ded88d5).html.
Повний текст джерела
20
Sleep, Janet. "Patterns of consumption across an urban hierarchy 1650-1725." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318084.
Повний текст джерела
21
Reed, Theresa Louise. "The electricity consumption patterns of greater Boston non-profits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69382.
Повний текст джерела
22
Yu, Xuewei. "Interconnections between regional industrial structure and energy consumption patterns." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human society exerts its influence on the ecosystem through economic activities. While the robustness of an economy manifests through its industrial structure, human impact on nature is well represented by an economy's energy consumption patterns. Therefore, evaluating the industrial structure and unraveling its interconnection with energy consumption is crucial for achieving sustainable development.
In this dissertation, I address the topic from several perspectives. First, I start with an exploratory analysis on the industrial structure itself, developing an easy measure, revealed comparative dependence (RCD), to compare regional dependence on sectors. Building on the RCD measure, I indirectly evaluate the economic resilience of U.S. states by quantifying their economic diversity. Second, I bring the measure for industrial structure into context with energy consumption patterns. RCD is used to characterize sector interactions, which are then used to explain the historical trend of regional energy consumption. I find that while the expansion of low energy intensity sectors does reduce energy use, these sectors' level of interaction with other sectors also plays a key role in determining energy use. As a third step, I investigate how regional structure affects an economy's response towards energy efficiency improvements, i.e., the economy-wide rebound effect. My regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model proves that production-side energy efficiency improvement induces moderate rebound effects, while feeding back into the industrial structure by changing sectoral production scale in different directions. I also identify sectors being able to trigger different levels of energy saving and energy rebound, and explore the mechanism for their impact propagation throughout the industrial structure.
This study establishes the linkage between regional industrial structure and energy consumption from different perspectives. From the scientific perspective, it improves the fundamental understanding of how industrial structure and energy consumption are intricately connected to each other. From the policy perspective, it informs policy makers of the importance of considering sector interaction when designing energy policies, as well as the effectiveness of efficiency measures in achieving energy conservation.
23
Afzalan, Milad. "Building Energy Profile Clustering Based on Energy Consumption Patterns." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the widespread adoption of smart meters in buildings, an unprecedented amount of high- resolution energy data is released, which provides opportunities to understand building consumption patterns. Accordingly, research efforts have employed data analytics and machine learning methods for the segmentation of consumers based on their load profiles, which help utilities and energy providers for customized/personalized targeting for energy programs. However, building energy segmentation methodologies may present oversimplified representations of load shapes, which do not properly capture the realistic energy consumption patterns, in terms of temporal shapes and magnitude. In this thesis, we introduce a clustering technique that is capable of preserving both temporal patterns and total consumption of load shapes from customers’ energy data. The proposed approach first overpopulates clusters as the initial stage to preserve the accuracy and merges the similar ones to reduce redundancy in the second stage by integrating time-series similarity techniques. For such a purpose, different time-series similarity measures based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) are employed. Furthermore, evaluations of different unsupervised clustering methods such as k-means, hierarchical clustering, fuzzy c-means, and self-organizing map were presented on building load shape portfolios, and their performance were quantitatively and qualitatively compared. The evaluation was carried out on real energy data of ~250 households. The comparative assessment (both qualitatively and quantitatively) demonstrated the applicability of the proposed approach compared to benchmark techniques for power time-series clustering of household load shapes. The contribution of this thesis is to: (1) present a comparative assessment of clustering techniques on household electricity load shapes and highlighting the inadequacy of conventional validation indices for choosing the cluster number and (2) propose a two-stage clustering approach to improve the representation of temporal patterns and magnitude of household load shapes.M.S.
With the unprecedented amount of data collected by smart meters, we have opportunities to systematically analyze the energy consumption patterns of households. Specifically, through using data analytics methods, one could cluster a large number of energy patterns (collected on a daily basis) into a number of representative groups, which could reveal actionable patterns for electric utilities for energy planning. However, commonly used clustering approaches may not properly show the variation of energy patterns or energy volume of customers at a neighborhood scale. Therefore, in this thesis, we introduced a clustering approach to improve the cluster representation by preserving the temporal shapes and energy volume of daily profiles (i.e., the energy data of a household collected during 1 day). In the first part of the study, we evaluated several well-known clustering techniques and validation indices in the literature and showed that they do not necessarily work well for this domain-specific problem. As a result, in the second part, we introduced a two-stage clustering technique to extract the typical energy consumption patterns of households. Different visualization and quantified metrics are shown for the comparison and applicability of the methods. A case-study on several datasets comprising more than 250 households was considered for evaluation. The findings show that datasets with more than thousands of observations can be clustered into 10-50 groups through the introduced two-stage approach, while reasonably maintaining the energy patterns and energy volume of individual profiles.
24
Taniguchi, Kiyoshi. "Three essays on Japanese consumption patterns and agricultural policy." Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261312378.
Повний текст джерела
25
Peri, Luis Andrés. "Consumption patterns in Uruguay between culture and the economy /." Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992887.
Повний текст джерела
26
Russell, Dan. "Buying into identity : Inclusion and exclusion through consumption practices." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522568.
Повний текст джерела
27
Duffy, Katherine M. "Framing practices, spaces and socialities of consumption in vintage." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores how practices, spaces and socialities intersect in the consumption of vintage. The study is based within Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) with a particular focus on studies that consider alternative spaces and practices of consumption. Vintage has become a widespread movement in the UK that encompasses production, marketing and consumption, but it has largely been omitted from the consumer research discussions to date. As a site of enquiry this ethnographic study focuses within the vintage 'pop-up markets' of Glasgow, UK and considers the vintage scene as an embodied set of social practices and values. This thesis addresses four research objectives detailing the 'doings' of vintage from a practice perspective and extends the CCT understanding of the 'circuit of practice' to be spatially bound. The markets exist as marginal sites of consumption and were found to be active spaces that were an amalgamation of market objects, actors and values that encoded particular practices. The findings of this study contribute to CCT in demonstrating how objects, practices and knowledge intersected in the marketspace in the performance of the alternative. This research contributes to an understanding of the consumer as an active practitioner in the marketspace and the aesthetic labour this necessitates. Further it finds the vintage tribe as a collective consumption site of learning and apprenticeship. The findings advance consumer research understandings of space with the pop-up markets as a practiced space of 'the familiar'. The final contribution frames the 'fluidity of value' in vintage as liminal and transient in practice. The study concludes by emphasising the importance of a turn to a practice perspective methodologically within the CCT landscape and the development of future research opportunities that probe market labour, formation and creativity in practice.
28
Horton, John. "Children's everyday popular cultural consumption : things, practices, spacings, times." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/3056e501-9e7a-49eb-959e-d2393d5363a8.
Повний текст джерела
29
Komninou, Margarita. "Ethical consumption : identities, practices and potential to bring about social change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent decades, individuals as well as businesses – mainly those living and operating within advanced capitalist systems – have become increasingly aware of the social context of production and, thus, of the impact consumption has on the environment, animals and other fellow humans. Such reflexivity is echoed both in spheres of production (e.g. corporate social responsibility policies) and consumption (e.g. labelling schemes such as fair-trade and organic). Under these conditions the ‘ethical consumer’ was born. While, however, the concepts of ethical and political consumption have been around for some time now, our understanding of what it really means to be ‘ethical’ as a consumer today is still very fuzzy. In contrast with previous studies which ascribe a priori certain meanings and criteria to the ethical consumer concept, this study follows a bottom-up approach that provides space for individuals to express their own views on ethical consumption. To cater for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon under investigation, the research is designed as a case study within a specific geographical location; Partick, Glasgow. This study makes use of primary data generated through 20 in-depth interviews with self-identified ethical consumers, 10 interviews and 15 questionnaires with managers of grocery shops operating in the area, as well as 112 questionnaires completed by the public in a street survey. The findings challenge our conventional understanding of ‘ethics’ in the context of consumption; being ethical as a consumer extends beyond simply purchasing ethically marketed products and services, to include various lifestyle choices. Consumers raised concerns about the degree and nature of change that conventional ethical consumption can achieve. Utilising insights from this research, the study draws a conceptual distinction between the “ethical Shopper” (representing the side of ethical consumption that is hegemonically market-driven) and the “ethical Consumer” (representing its creative, pro-active, agency-driven counterpart). It is suggested that the latter allows consumption as a tool for social change to reach its full potential, since it escapes the fabricated ‘ethics’ of the market. Feeding back to the theoretical frameworks of ethical and political consumption, this study highlights the class and taste bias built into the (very expensive) idealized model of ethical lifestyle and, thus, calls for the inclusion of different types of consumer action such as downshifting, file-sharing, or even collective shoplifting, which have been –until now – neglected.
30
Lanehart, Rheta E. "Patterns of Consumption: Ceramic Residue Analysis at Liangchengzhen, Shandong, China." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5858.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this thesis was to identify the different patterns of food consumption across space and time at Liangchengzhen, a Longshan (ca. 2600-1900 B.C.) site located in Shandong Province, China. The primary hypothesis of the research contended that evidence of increasing social inequality with respect to food consumption would be found from early to late phases at Liangchengzhen. In addition, rice and meat from mammals, especially pigs, were hypothesized as the most likely types of prestigious foods for daily and ritual activities. Fish and marine foods in general were hypothesized to be foods that average households could obtain since Liangchengzhen was close to the sea and would not have as high a value as mammal meat.
Pottery was sampled from Early Phase storage/trash and ritual pits as well as Late Phase storage/trash and ritual pits located in Excavation Area One. Pottery types included ding and guan, hypothesized for cooking meat, and yan, hypothesized for steaming vegetables and grains. Lipid residue analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) to quantify the amount of C15 and C17 alkane peaks in the pottery and compare these quantities to the amount of C15 and C17 alkane peaks in terrestrial and marine food reference sources.
Results indicated that socially valued food consumption transitioned from marine food sources in the early phase ritual pits to rice and pig in the late phase ritual pits. Millet and plant residues were consistently present in storage/trash pits from both early and late phases. Findings also indicated that the use of pottery types for cooking were not limited to one source, i.e., marine, rice, millet and plant residues were found in all pottery types while pig residues were found in ding and yan pottery.
Results of the lipid residue analysis provide partial support of increasing social inequality with respect to food consumption from early to late phases at Liangchengzhen, The findings from the lipid residue analysis in this thesis more closely resemble the distribution of integrative, communal consumption pattern in the early phase and a hierarchical consumption pattern during the late phase. Fish, more abundant in the early phase, was almost non-existent by the late phase. Pig and rice, hypothesized as preferred foods, were found only during the late phase, primarily in the ritual pit, H31. Millet and plant were conspicuously present during both phases, but had greater separation from ritual pits during the late phase. However, these findings are surprising since it does not match the material remains of rice and pig found in early phase pits or late phase storage/trash pits from Excavation Area One.
It can be concluded that patterns of consumption at Liangchengzhen changed substantially from the early phase to the late phase with regards to food residues found in hypothesized ritual pits. Considering these data with the understanding that food in China has historically been used as a tool to wield influence and power, it can be hypothesized that a social hierarchy may have developed by the late phase that was not present during the early phase. However, participation in the activities held in late phase ritual pits may have been inclusive for all Liangchangzhen residents rather than exclusive for higher status individuals.
The current research provides a starting point for further investigation into the foodways at Liangchengzhen. This thesis is the first systematic study of food residues from the interior of Neolithic vessels from ancient China that relates the results of the residue analysis to patterns of food consumption and social change.
31
Rose, Hannah Elspeth. "Adolescent drinking patterns : associations between alcohol consumption and neuropsychological development." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adolescent-drinking-patterns(f34fe598-c79e-4280-bccb-8ea0116dc82c).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background and rationale: Adolescence presents a unique time of neurodevelopment, whereby the use of alcohol may have detrimental consequences for brain structures and neurological functioning. Adolescent drinking patterns have been largely formulated using measures designed for adult populations, which may lack the fine-grained characterisations, which might theoretically more likely lead to neuropsychological impairment in this group. Methods: This study explored the prevalence and nature of alcohol use drawing from the SIPS Junior research programme (n=5576) a screening and prevalence survey of alcohol consumption in adolescents (10-17yrs) attending Emergency Departments in England and IMAGEN, (n=1557) a European research project examining risk taking behaviours in teenagers (14yrs). Metrics of alcohol use were formulated into latent class structures aimed to represent the heterogeneity of drinking behaviours. Associations between latent classes and a range of outcomes of harm and neuropsychological function tasks were examined. Findings: Results revealed 39.3% of SIPS Junior participants had consumed alcohol in their lifetime and had a mean age of onset of 12.88 years (SD 2.19). A total of 76.6% of IMAGEN participants reported having ever consumed alcohol and revealed a mean age of onset of 12.44 years (SD 1.02). Subgroups characterised by beverage type consumption were associated with varying levels of risk of harms with observed differences between genders. In addition, latent classes characterised by unit consumption, onset, intoxication, AUDIT-C scores and drinking days in both data sets and across all countries were examined. Varying levels of harm were associated with class membership demonstrating observed differences between genders. IMAGEN results revealed differences in neuropsychological functioning tasks involved in attention and memory in adolescents identified as higher risk drinkers. Conclusions: Adolescents, characterised by a limited number of drinking indicators were found to be associated with a range of harms and neuropsychological function tasks. Latent class formulations offered insight as to how these drinking typologies may present neuropsychologically at a time when a young person may be making decisions around their future course.
32
Smith, Nigel Anthony. "Oxygen consumption and muscle activation patterns during constant load exercise." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36769/1/36769_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The collective purpose of these two studies was to determine a link between the V02 slow component and the muscle activation patterns that occur during cycling. Six,
male subjects performed an incremental cycle ergometer exercise test to determine asub-TvENT (i.e. 80% of TvENT) and supra-TvENT (TvENT + 0.75*(V02 max - TvENT)
work load. These two constant work loads were subsequently performed on either three or four occasions for 8 mins each, with V02 captured on a breath-by-breath basis
for every test, and EMO of eight major leg muscles collected on one occasion. EMG was collected for the first 10 s of every 30 s period, except for the very first 10 s
period. The V02 data was interpolated, time aligned, averaged and smoothed for both intensities. Three models were then fitted to the V02 data to determine the kinetics
responses. One of these models was mono-exponential, while the other two were biexponential. A second time delay parameter was the only difference between the two
bi-exponential models. An F-test was used to determine significance between the biexponential models using the residual sum of squares term for each model. EMO was
integrated to obtain one value for each 10 s period, per muscle. The EMG data was analysed by a two-way repeated measures ANOV A. A correlation was also used to
determine significance between V02 and IEMG. The V02 data during the sub-TvENT intensity was best described by a mono-exponential response. In contrast, during
supra-TvENT exercise the two bi-exponential models best described the V02 data. The resultant F-test revealed no significant difference between the two models and
therefore demonstrated that the slow component was not delayed relative to the onset of the primary component. Furthermore, only two parameters were deemed to be
significantly different based upon the two models. This is in contrast to other findings. The EMG data, for most muscles, appeared to follow the same pattern as V02 during
both intensities of exercise. On most occasions, the correlation coefficient demonstrated significance. Although some muscles demonstrated the same relative increase in IEMO based upon increases in intensity and duration, it cannot be assumed that these muscles increase their contribution to V02 in a similar fashion. Larger muscles with a higher percentage of type II muscle fibres would have a larger increase in V02 over the same increase in intensity.
33
Wilson, Karen. "The energy consumption and environmental aspects of household cooking practices." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309648.
Повний текст джерела
34
Watley, George. "Identity and consumption practices of Northamptonshire Caribbeans c.1955-1989." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2012. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/5167/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this thesis is to delineate and analyse Northamptonshire Caribbeans' consumption c.1955-1989. Author-collected and other oral histories alongside complementary primary and secondary references dovetail to unearth and analyse aspects of Post-War Caribbean consumption in a British provincial location that have been significantly unexplored previously. Central to the argument is the contention that identity is fundamentally significant in comprehending and analysing Northamptonshire Caribbeans' consumption. Various conceptualisations of identity facilitated development of consumer materialisations and aspirations. This thesis explores how multiple forms of identity as Caribbean, Black and British people were significant in shaping local Caribbeans' consumption. The succeeding pages address and analyse how these multiple identities influenced consumption and how provincial consumer behaviour was shaped by Caribbeans' relative co-ethnic isolation in Northamptonshire. Chapter 3 delineates and analyses consumer practices and practicalities of Northamptonshire Caribbeans. Integral within these consumer practices and practicalities are changes in consumption over time, intergenerational differences in consumption, as well as aspects of consumption that could be considered 'typical' and/or 'atypical' Northamptonshire Caribbean consumption; all of which are incorporated within this chapter. Chapter 4 connects identity and consumption through enhancing understanding of Northamptonshire Caribbeans' consumer networks. These networks interacted with the combination of identities local Caribbeans psychologically felt part of within various Caribbean, Black and British permutations. Furthermore, such identities varied more widely amongst the younger generation than their co-ethnic elders, a concept which is also addressed. Education and cultural currency are two novel strands through which to analyse connections between consumption and identity. The final two chapters deploy these concepts in an innovative manner creating and developing greater understanding of Northamptonshire Caribbeans' consumption. Chapter 5 expounds on the concept that education can be used as consumption whilst shaping future consumer behaviour, both ideas significantly under-explored previously. Chapter 6 introduces the theory of cultural currency, the idea that aspects of culture have finite, but changing, values and must be shared to have value similar to monetary currencies having exchange values for other monetary currencies. This chapter demonstrates how Northamptonshire Caribbeans shared aspects of Caribbean culture as cultural currency, fostering co-ethnic strength whilst gaining inter-ethnic respect for Caribbeans. Through comprehending Caribbean identity, correlations between empirical and social history, local consumption, as well as educational and cultural circumstances that stimulated and inspired Northamptonshire Caribbeans, this thesis distinctively illuminates how local Caribbeans' consumption interacted with various permutations of Afro-Caribbean, Black and/or British identities whilst representing idiosyncratic local nodes within these larger amalgamations.
35
Darr, Christine Theresa. "The social practices of consumption and the formation of desire." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1580.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The central aim of this dissertation is to provide a conceptual framework for people wishing to consider how their desires are shaped by forces often unnoticed by them and how they can regain some degree of control over those desires. To this end, it offers a model for desire that acknowledges the importance of social forces in shaping a person's desire, and consequently moral character. It examines the specific social context of American capitalism, and American consumption, in order to understand how it is that many Americans seem to desire and act in ways that appear contrary to their well-being.
This dissertation is a work of descriptive Christian virtue ethics, meaning that it considers the desire for and consumption of material goods in light of a person's commitment to a greater system of beliefs and values. Taking the approach of virtue ethics, it considers how a person's desires are shaped by what she takes to be constitutive of her well-being, or her telos. It argues that many Americans participate in practices that dispose them to acquire habits of desiring, consuming, and enjoying material goods in ways that tend over time to distort participants' abilities to judge and reason well about the ends that are really worth pursuing, both on the part of individuals and on the part of societies.
When a person participates in a practice she acquires habits of thinking, feeling, and acting that enable her to engage in such practices effortlessly. A practice is often oriented by certain rules and standards of excellence that orient the practitioners to certain ways of thinking, feeling, and acting over others. Taking advertising as a key example, participants often acquire habits that lead them to accept a conception of well-being that is based on the ideas that growth is always to be pursued and more of a good thing is always better. Such an orientation, in turn, can direct a person's desires so that she becomes disposed to satisfy her immediate desires without seriously considering whether those desires will contribute to her well-being and, more broadly, whether the vision of the good life she has in mind is truly worth pursuing.
This dissertation offers a way of engaging in critical reflection that can enable a person to bring to awareness many of these unseen social forces, and consider the ways in which participation in her many practices does or does not contribute to her well-being. It suggests that, for Christians in particular, a vision of the good life might focus on the cultivation of virtue--especially the virtues of temperance and justice. Considering a person's practices in light of virtue can be helpful for articulating clearly and strategizing effectively about how to engage in consumer activity in ways that contribute to her well-being.
36
Sprague, Jill. "Recommended changes for knee wall insulation practices to increase energy efficiency." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explains typical knee wall construction and insulation in homes in Indiana and demonstrates the energy inefficiencies caused by such methods. Literature research gives examples of possible opportunities for changing the standard methods of knee wall construction and insulation. The methodology of the study is explained, as is energy intensity (EI) — the main evaluation tool used in this paper. EI allows a researcher to compare homes of different sizes in different locations. Overall, the study shows that homes whose knee walls have an air barrier backing use less energy than homes without knee walls. Additionally, as expected, homes with improperly constructed knee walls use the most energy. Finally, the paper contains recommendations about what methods might be used to change the standard practices involved in building and insulating knee walls.Department of Urban Planning
37
Shah, Dharmesh S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "On Startups : patterns and practices of contemporary software entrepreneurs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-109).
"When you write a book, you need to have more than an interesting story. You need to have a desire to tell the story. You need to be personally invested in some way. You need to care about it." Malcolm Gladwell Author, "The Tipping Point". "I have never thought of writing for reputation and honor. What I have in my heart must come out, that is the reason why I compose. " Ludwig van Beethoven. The above quotes answer the basic question that many people have asked me (and I have asked myself): Why are you writing a thesis? The answer is simple: I believe there's a story to be told, and I have a personal passion for the subject. This thesis will analyze the patterns and practices of contemporary software startups. Though much has been written about software companies and much has been written on startups, I'm primarily interested in the intersection: software startups. More specifically, I will explore contemporary software startups that were started after the Internet bubble burst. About The Website: onstartups.com
As part of the thesis writing experience, I started a blog called "OnStartups" (http://onstartups.com) where I have been posting articles on software startups. More information on the onstartups.com site is included at the end of the thesis. My passion for learning more about software startups, the opportunity to work with two exceptional individuals as co-advisors and the overwhelming response to my onstartups.com website are my primary motivations for this thesis. Onward!
by Dharmesh Shah.
S.M.M.O.T.
38
Valli, Carlotta. "International market segmentation : a comparison of alternative segmentation approaches applied to the European yoghurt market." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270248.
Повний текст джерела
39
Seerpi, Nivedita. "Patterns of Cocaine Consumption: A Sub-Analysis of the Drugnet Survey." TopSCHOLAR®, 2003. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/565.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The myths and misconceptions that surround cocaine use lead to the over-estimation of the prevalence of cocaine addiction in society. Health education curricula and drug policy do not differentiate between cocaine use and abuse. This study describes the cocaine consumption patterns in a nonclinical, non-incarcerated sample of cocaine users. The resulting patterns are compared to those found by Cohen (1989) and Cohen and Sas (1993, 1994, 1995). DRUGNET is an online survey of recreational drug use by nondeviant adults via the WWW. Self-selected subjects completed a survey over the Internet between February and October 1997 (N= 701). This sample was predominantly white (92%), male (85.3%), young (mean = 34.13 years, SD = 9.40, Range = 18 to 71), employed full-time (72.6%), and earned a median income of $50,000-69,999 (21.2%). The most prevalent pattern observed was a period of moderate consumption followed by declining use (52.7%). The second most common pattern observed was a period of increased consumption followed by steady decline to a lower stable level (25.5%). The most prevalent pattern of consumption found in this study and those reported by Cohen and Sas is that the most prevalent patterns all showed an eventual decline in consumption over time. Further, DRUGNET respondents exhibited similar patterns of use as those described by Cohen and Sas. The study's demonstration that cocaine use does not inevitably lead to increased use and probability of addiction raises serious questions about current policy and the content of most drug intervention models (i.e., DARE, court ordered treatment, etc.).
40
Conner, Cassidy. "Culinary omnivorousness the relationship between social class and food consumption patterns /." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211388888/.
Повний текст джерела
41
Damström, Julia, and Cecilia Gerlitz. "Classification of Power Consumption Patterns for Swedish Households Using K-means." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Society is facing a big challenge. To achieve a more sustainable development the power distribution system needs to change. The development of Smart Grid is one way of making the electricity market more sustainable. More information about the grid, such as information about where renewable energy sources are installed, is essential for the development of Smart Grids. When new energy sources, for example solar panels, are connected to the grid there will be consequences. Sudden changes in the energy transportation in the grid when the weather changes from sunny to cloudy will affect the balance. The grid owners need to be able to control the grid more actively to compensate the inconsistency of renewable energy sources. One way of handling this is to obtain more information about the end users’ consumption patterns and to analyse this information to create a useful tool for the grid owners. This project aims to propose a method for classification of power consumption profiles for Swedish household by using hourly data from smart meters. The presented method first divides the data according to season and type of day and thereafter it is normalised before it is clustered into typical clusters using the K-means algorithm. To be able to run K-means, the number of clusters needs to be set in advance. The presented method therefore tries to find the optimum number of clusters by controlling the similarities between clusters, using cross correlation. The project shows it is possible to profile Swedish households using K-means.
42
Keast, Debra Rose. "Patterns of beverage consumption associated with adolescent obesity in the U.S." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 260-289). Also issued in print.
43
Touchie, Rachel. "Sustainable Food Consumption Practices : Case Studies and Contexts from Edmonton, Canada." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The globalized food system poses many systemic challenges that have significant impacts on the environment and human health. In order to tackle these challenges, especially those relating to climate change, it is assumed that consumers need to be accountable for the role they play in these issues, requiring them to alter their harmful consumption habits. In terms of the food system, this means that people need to evolve into ethical consumers and become more invested in what and how much they eat, where it comes from, etc . However, throughout the literature and in policies, there remains a focus on altering what people buy, rather than reducing waste from their overconsumption. Reducing waste and consumption would have a more beneficial impact for the environment, human health, and urban sustainability, yet it remains secondary to the narrative of buying sustainable alternatives. A waste reduction narrative would encourage sustainable behaviours that would also be more accessible to households of various socioeconomic backgrounds, and would provide more tangible results in terms of money saved, reduced greenhouse gases and waste output, and increased sustainability. However, food consumption is the result of many ingrained daily food practices influenced by a multitude of factors that prevent people from consciously considering the consequences of their actions. Food consumption and waste management as a phenomenon can therefore be interpreted using Social Practice Theory (SPT), which states that all humans act autonomously and according to social norms. This means that practices are recursive and routinized, subject to change, yet somewhat unconscious. All practices lead to consumption in some way, and changing such deeply embedded routines to become more sustainable requires a full understanding of these deeply entrenched practices. Practices can be broken down into three main components that drive how practices are formed and maintained:materials, competences, and meanings. This project uses mini-ethnographic studies to highlight SPT in order to understand the factors (contextual, materials, competences, and meanings) influencing households in Edmonton, Canada as they navigate the current sustainability narrative, and how they approach sustainable food consumption and food waste management. The results from this study lend some insight into what materials, competences, meanings, and other factors drive people already somewhat aware of sustainable food consumption issues to practice such types of behaviour. These influential elements have been found in many other recently published works, and give further insight into how broad external factors and specific internal factors can drive consumption practices. Prevention and reduction behaviours were already somewhat prevalent in this group. It is important that education programs targeting sustainable food consumption behaviours understand what drives certain food related practices, and how they can target the barriers that prevent certain groups of people from adopting more sustainable habits.
44
Kuo, Win-Ping. "The production and consumption practices of online journalism in digital Taiwan." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533086.
Повний текст джерела
45
Foden, Michael. "Reclaiming unwanted things : alternative consumption practices, social change and the everyday." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2016. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19166/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study looks at ways of acquiring, using and disposing of goods 'outside' the formal economy, focusing on three examples of reclamation practices: (1) giving and receiving goods free of charge via online reuse networks; (2) collecting and redistributing unwanted fruit from public and private spaces; and (3) reclaiming discarded food from supermarket bins. A central concern is with the relationship between everyday life and social change: how can engagement in these alternative yet mundane practices be conceptualised as a way to secure wider change? The research engages with and contributes to several intersecting debates, including: the relationship between 'alternative' and 'mainstream' economies; understandings of how new ways of doing things become adopted and spread; and interactions between values and practices. These issues are explored from a practice perspective. Analytical focus shifts from the attitudes and preferences of detached rational individuals to the social organisation of practices and the engagement of embodied social actors with those practices. Attention is paid to the lives of practices and their practitioners: how different social patterns of activity emerge and evolve; and how these become integrated into people's lives. In considering the lives of reclamation practices, analysis draws on participant observation, interviews and documentary sources. Moving on to the lives of practitioners, in-depth interview material takes centre stage, detailing how participants made sense of their engagement in these practices, how they became engaged, how engagement has been sustained and how it fits alongside other everyday practices. Findings can be summarised with respect to two analytical framings of reclamation practices, (1) as alternative consumption practices and (2) as a form of ordinary prefigurative politics. First, the research highlights the messy, overlapping nature of 'alternative' and 'mainstream' economic practices. On the one hand, aspects of capitalist social relations and market valuations continued to play a (problematic) role. On the other hand, concerns with saving money were not straightforwardly utility maximising and rarely existed in isolation from other-oriented social and environmental concerns. Second, the study adds to understandings of everyday practices as expressions of ordinary prefigurative politics, whereby prevailing social arrangements are subject to change by people acting differently. It sheds light on how people come to act differently, seldom a simple response to new information. Involvement in new practices was often a continuation and extension of existing activities. Introduction to new practices came about through interpersonal relationships and/or was prompted by changes in material circumstances. Both were important in practices becoming established in everyday life, as well as fitting alongside other ongoing commitments. Competing forms of value and values were negotiated in navigating between potential ways of acting. Conversely, ongoing engagement in practices helped shape the ways people valued things.
46
Omphornuwat, Kosum. "In pursuit of looking good : Thai women office workers and everyday consumption practices at work." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing upon my eleven-month ethnographic fieldwork in two business organisations in Bangkok, Thailand, this thesis explores Thai women office workers consumption of makeup and clothes at work. What emerges from this thesis is that a claim to beauty as a reason for which women are engaged in the consumption of makeup and clothes is not always valid. Grounded in theoretical discussions and empirical findings, I argue that the women s consumption of makeup and clothes is not always in the pursuit of beauty, but rather the pursuit of looking good. While beauty is perceived as an innate quality of the body, looking good entails the materialisation of the outer body through consumption practices in an attempt to achieve an ideal look. I introduce a concept of looking good practices. Looking good practices demonstrate the ways in which women office workers exert agency in mobilising their outer bodies to achieve an appropriate appearance at work. I argue that looking good practices entail a process of social learning. The women office workers learn to look good through the process by which they look at other women, participate in the practices shared amongst themselves, negotiate the meanings of appropriateness and reify such meanings through their consumption of makeup and clothes. By sharing meanings and practices, the women office workers inevitably participate in looking good practices, which, I argue, are social practices. My research also demonstrates how, through their engagement in the consumption of makeup and clothes, the women office workers aestheticise their bodies to be situated in the aesthetic workplace.
47
Gellner, Michael. "Usability evaluation patterns best practices zur Durchführung von Usability-Evaluationen." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2004. http://d-nb.info/988799375/04.
Повний текст джерела
48
Helgesson, Anna. ""Society Treats You According to What You Are" : A Qualitative Study of Consumption Patterns Emphasising Conspicuous Consumption, Entebbe, Uganda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8965.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis stands result of a research conducted in Entebbe Uganda, during approximately five weeks in the autumn of 2009. The aim was to understand the reasoning behind decisions taken concerning the use of economic means, after covering the consumption of necessities. The options set were either to increase the level of conspicuous consumption or enhance the level of investments or consumption of necessities. The point of departure and ontological approach is taken from a household member i.e. individual level. The analytical framework applied elaborating the empirical material collected was Bourdieu’s conceptualisation of habitus. Enhancing the understanding of habitus concepts e.g. needs, methods introduced by Lull was utilised. The primary data consisted of assembled interviews and direct observations. The secondary data consists of qualitative literature. The results display an individual vision of vertical or transversal social movement. Identified incentives were inter alia peer pressure and competition. Conspicuous consumption is viewed as a process decreasing the distance from an individual social movement i.e. changes habitus. Methods realising a status increase of social position and status, is of symbolic items possessed through conspicuous consumption in combination with social capital, economic capital and level of knowledge.
49
Pittman, Cassi. "Race, Social Context, and Consumption: How Race Structures the Consumption Preferences and Practices of Middle and Working-Class Blacks." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10648.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The contemporary experience of race in America demands that blacks become astute observers of their surroundings, required to read subtle social, interactional and environmental cues to determine how to appropriately engage others in order to gain respect and social acceptance. Consumption objects, whether physical or material goods or services and experiences, are symbolic tools that blacks mobilize in order to define and assert themselves wherever they may be. Market research reveals that divergent patterns of consumption exist along racial lines. Blacks outspend whites in three central categories: apparel, personal care, and electronics and technology. Sociological research on consumption, however, has inadequately addressed how race influences blacks' consumption. Claims that blacks are conspicuous consumers are pervasive in both popular and academic works, and research indicates that blacks' consumption is, at least partially explained by status considerations, yet no comprehensive, empirically grounded theory exists to account for the contextually determined, symbolic and strategic use of goods by middle and working-class blacks. In my dissertation entitled “Race, Social Context, and Consumption: How Race Structures the Consumption Preferences and Practices of Middle and Working-class Blacks,” I offer an account of blacks' consumption that addresses this gap in the literature. I analyze qualitative interview data collected from 55 blacks residing in the New York City area, focusing on blacks' consumption preferences and practices in three social arenas: where they live, where they work, and where they play. Through examining middle and working-class blacks' consumption I show the ways that race remains salient in blacks' everyday lives; affecting their routine practices and marketplace interactions. Blacks differ as consumers as a consequence of a history of racial alienation, segregation, and discrimination in public settings, which has resulted in their use of goods to mitigate racial stigma, but distinct patterns of consumption emerge as blacks mobilize consumption objects to express and affirm their racial identities. This dissertation demonstrates that whether consumption goods are used to contest racial stigma or to express feelings of racial affinity, in both instances blacks' consumption preferences and practices reflect their reactions to the settings in which their consumption is enacted.
50
Leong, Kuan Long. "Detecting anomalies in activity patterns of lone occupants from electricity consumption data." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56586.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the global population is ageing, the demand for elderly care facilities and services is expected to increase. Assisted living technologies for detecting medical emergencies and assessing the wellness of the elderly are becoming more popular. A person normally performs activities of daily living (ADLs) on a regular basis. A person who is able to perform recurring ADLs indicates a certain wellness level. Anomalies in activity patterns of a person might indicate changes in the person's wellness. A method is proposed in this thesis for detecting anomalies in activity patterns of a lone occupant using electricity consumption measurements of his/her residence. The proposed method infers anomalies in activity patterns of an occupant from electricity consumption patterns without a need of explicitly monitoring the underlying individual activities. The proposed method provides a score which is a quantitative assessment of anomalies in the electricity consumption pattern of an occupant for a given day. A survey was conducted to obtain the hourly activities of three lone occupants for a month. The level of suspicion values, which are quantitative assessments of anomalies in the daily activity patterns of the occupants, were deduced from the survey. Using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering with Euclidean distance measure, the scores and level of suspicion values were clustered respectively. A day was then classified as regular or irregular based on the clustering results of the scores and level of suspicion values respectively. The results showed that anomalies in electricity consumption patterns can effectively reflect anomalies in the underlying activity patterns. The results also showed that the proposed feature and model based method outperforms a chosen raw data based approach. The performance of the proposed method was improved when subsets of features were considered based on the minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature selection. A supervised learning method based on the Curious Extreme Learning Machine (C-ELM) was then proposed. The proposed method based on C-ELM (PM-CELM) outperforms the proposed method based on FCM (PM-FCM), but PM-FCM can operate without labelled training data.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate