Дисертації з теми "Constructions en béton – Perméabilité"
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Maalouf, Joe. "Perméabilité à l’air du béton armé endommagé par des Réactions de Gonflement Interne (RGI)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES018.
The work described in this manuscript is part of research programs dedicated to the study of the aging of nuclear civil engineering structures, initiated by the Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) and conducted within the Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions (LMDC) in Toulouse. This research falls within the framework of a project aimed at extending the operational lifespan of French nuclear power plants. The objective of this study is to contribute to the acquisition of knowledge related to the impact of the development of certain internal pathologies within irreplaceable components of nuclear power plants, such as containment structures, on the transport characteristics of concrete. It is worth noting that the behavior of these materials at the containment level is of crucial importance in the assessment of the safety of nuclear installations, as containment structures represent the third and final barrier of protection against any potential release of radioactive products into the environment. Professionals responsible for concrete durability tests face a major challenge: evaluating the transport characteristics of concrete affected by Internal Swelling Reactions (ISR). These pathologies are generally associated with two types of chemical reactions: Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) and Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR). When these reactions develop, tensile stresses appear in the concrete, leading to the formation of cracks in structures affected by these pathologies. In this context, the research conducted as part of this thesis focuses on two main aspects: measuring the air permeability of concrete subjected to internal swelling reactions, covering a range of saturation levels from partially saturated (80% Sr) to completely dry. Furthermore, all nuclear civil engineering structures are reinforced with passive and active reinforcements, so this study takes into account the presence of reinforcements in various arrangements. The data collected in this study allow for the assessment of the evolution of transport properties of concrete affected by ISR based on the generated expansion, induced cracks, and the degree of concrete saturation. An innovative device has been specially designed for this research. This new protocol allows for the measurement of air permeability while providing the opportunity to assess the anisotropy of this property by quantifying it in two directions on the same sample, without confinement pressure that can affect permeability data. Moreover, it allows for an analysis of how air permeability evolves in relation to the presence of reinforcements in different configurations, while taking into account the development of internal swelling reactions. The results obtained during this study have improved our understanding of transport properties in concrete affected by ISR, with or without reinforcements, and have generated experimental data that will enrich the databases used to establish advanced models capable of predicting the long-term behavior of concrete affected by ISR, considering both expansion and modifications to transport characteristics. These models will help predict any necessary interventions on structures, thus contributing to reducing the costs associated with deferred repairs
Choinska, Marta. "Effets de la température, du chargement mécanique et de leurs interactions sur la perméabilité du béton de structure." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334143.
Les mesures de la perméabilité au gaz sont effectuées sur des éprouvettes cylindriques en béton soumises à des températures allant jusqu'à 150 °C et à une compression uniaxiale jusqu'à la rupture. Les résultats expérimentaux révèlent que les effets de la température et de l'endommagement peuvent être découplés pour l'estimation de l'évolution de la perméabilité. Ils nous ont permis de proposer une relation reliant la perméabilité à l'endommagement et à la température. Cependant, cette relation ne peut s'appliquer que dans le domaine pré-pic du comportement du béton où le béton demeure microfissuré. Afin de dépasser cette limite pour pouvoir modéliser également l'accroissement de la perméabilité en phase post-pic, un autre paramètre, qui est l'ouverture de fissure, est intégré dans la relation entre la perméabilité et l'endommagement.
Cette problématique, faisant l'objet d'une modélisation, est exploitée selon deux approches. La première se base sur la définition d'une loi de raccordement entre les lois existantes d'évolution de la perméabilité avec l'endommagement et l'ouverture de fissure. Avec cette approche les tendances observées expérimentalement sont retrouvées. La deuxième approche consiste à relier d'un point de vue mécanique l'endommagement avec l'ouverture de fissure puis d'appliquer la loi de Poiseuille pour déterminer la perméabilité. La validation expérimentale de cette approche, permettant de déboucher vers un modèle continu capable de reproduire les variations de perméabilité d'une structure, constitue une des perspectives de notre travail.
Nguyen, The Dung. "Apport de la modélisation mésoscopique dans la prédiction des écoulements dans les ouvrages en béton fissuré en conditions d’accident grave." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3037.
This thesis aims at characterising and modeling the mechanical behavior of concrete at the mesoscopic scale. This model is to represent the concrete as a heterogeneous medium, taking into account aggregate and cement paste respecting the grading curve. The model parameters describe the mechanical and thermal behavior of cement paste and aggregates. A program of random granular structure valid in 2D and 3D has been developed. This program is interfaced with the Finite Element code CAST3M in order to compute the numerical simulations. A method for numerical representation of the inclusions of concrete was also developed and validated by projection of the geometry on the shape functions, thus eliminating the problems of meshing. Firstly, the model is studied in order to optimize the geometrical model of the inner structure of concrete in terms of the meshing strategy and the smallest size of the aggregate to be taken into account. The results of the 2D and 3D model are analyzed and compared in the case of uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression. The model used is an isotropic unilateral damage model. The model allows to simulate both the macroscopic behavior but also with the local studies of the distribution of crack and crack opening. The model shows interesting results on the transition from diffuse to localized damage and is able to reproduce dilatancy in compression. Finally, the mesoscopic model is applied to three simulations : the calculation of the permeability of cracked concrete ; the simulation of the hydration of concrete at early age and finally the scale effect illustrated by bending computation on notched beams
Rastiello, Giuseppe. "Influence de la fissuration sur le transfert de fluides dans les structures en béton : stratégies de modélisation probabiliste et étude expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861375.
Bennai, Fares. "Étude des mécanismes de transferts couplés de chaleur et d’humidité dans les matériaux poreux de construction en régime insaturé." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS013/document.
The aim of this work is to understand the influence of the geometric parameters of envelope eco-materials, such as hemp concrete, on the mechanisms of coupled heat, air and moisture transfers, in order to predict behavior of the building to control and improving it in its durability. For this a multi-scale approach is implemented. It consists of mastering the dominant physical phenomena and their interactions on the microscopic scale. Followed by a dual-scale modeling, microscopic-macroscopic, of coupled heat, air and moisture transfers that takes into account the intrinsic properties and microstructural topology of the material using X-ray tomography combined with the correlation of 2D and 3D images. A characterization campaign of physical and hydrothermal properties of the hemp concrete manufactured in the laboratory was carried. It focused on studying the impact of aging, thermal and hydric state of the material on these intrinsic properties. The results show an excellent thermal insulation and natural moisture regulation capacity of hemp concrete. Then, a microscopic characterization by different imaging techniques was performed. The 3D reconstructions of the real material scanned with X-ray tomography at different resolutions show that hemp concrete has several scales of porosity, ranging from micro-porosity within the binder and hemp shiv to the inter-particle macro-porosity. The hydromorphic behavior under hydric solicitations was studied. The results of the 2D digital image correlation and X-ray tomography coupled with the volumetric image correlation show the nature of the behavior of hemp concrete subjected to different relative humidities. In fact, the hemp shiv undergoes greater deformations than the binder, thus causing changes in the microstructure of the material. On the modeling part, a model of coupled heat, air and moisture transfer in porous building materials was developed using the periodic homogenization technique. The homogenized tensors of diffusion and thermal conductivity were determined numerically. Then, a confrontation between the results of the calculation of the macroscopic diffusion coefficients and the experimental results obtained at the LaSIE was carried out. It highlights the quality of the prediction. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the solid phase was thus deduced. The results obtained in the framework of this PhD thesis have highlighted the influence of the hydric and thermal state of the hemp concrete on these intrinsic properties and its very heterogeneous microstructure. They also revealed the limitations of phenomenological approaches based on the establishment of the balances of mass, amount of motion and energy
Abdou, Ibro Mohamed. "Vers la prédiction des cinétiques de rééquilibrage entre 2 milieux initialement en conditions de saturation différentes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30069.
Civil engineering structures are constantly subjected to desaturation/re-saturation processes depending on the surrounding conditions. This is particularly the case when it comes to concrete structures for the deep geological storage of radioactive waste. It is fundamental to understand the water transfer phenomena that occur during these water rebalancing phases to assess the sustainability of these structures. This thesis presents both an experimental and a numerical simulation study on the main mechanisms that are involved during the rebalancing process within cement-based materials. First, the experiments carried out make it possible to characterize the hydric behaviour of the materials through the acquisition of the main transfer parameters (porosity, sorption isotherms, permeability to liquid, vapour and gas). This will allow discussion of the relevance of different numerical and/or empirical approaches to their prediction in the case of cement-based materials. Then, the study focuses on the phenomena involved in a water rebalancing process between two samples, through various water transfer experiments (drying, soaking of steam and liquid water). A methodology based on non-destructive evaluation of materials is developed for the determination of moisture content profiles. A suitable approach is proposed for the modelling of moisture transfer mechanisms in cement-based materials, based on a porous network model for the prediction of transfer parameters developed by Ranaivomanana et al. A better prediction of these phenomena taken individually will provide the required information for the modelling of the global process
Denis, Jacques. "La perméabilité des réservoirs à lisier en béton /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59574.
Positive infiltration is met when the water table into the soil is above the liquid level into the reservoir. In that case, the water is moving from the outside to the inside of the reservoir. An opposite situation is met when the infiltration is negative.
From the results, the infiltration rate varied from 0.00 to 6.684 $ times$ 10$ sp{-7}$ m/s. The minimum value was recorded at the reservoir 55 with 1% of total solid manure and the maximum value was recorded with same reservoir with positive pressure to water.
Jason, Ludovic. "Relation endommagement perméabilité pour les bétons : application aux calculs de structures." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2078.
The relation between damage and permeability is of great importance to evaluate the consequences of a mechanical loading on the hydraulic integrity of sensitive concrete structures like containment buildings of nuclear power plants. An elastic plastic damage constitutive law for the mechanical behaviour is first developed. The model is validated on elementary and structural applications with a special focus on the efficiency of the numerical tools (tangent matrices). A relation between water saturation (drying), damage and permeability is then proposed, based on theoretical and experimental observations. Finally, a Representative Structural Volume of a containment vessel is studied to highlight the influence of hygro - mechanical loading on the hydraulic behaviour (distribution of gas pressure)
Aubernon, Corentin. "Evolution de la perméabilité du béton : influence de la température, du chargement mécanique et du fluide percolant." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0058.
The study of sealing containment vessels of nuclear power station (1300 and 1450 MWe) is a major challenge to ensure the safety of the population. During a Accident with Loss Of Coolant, the containment is subjected to a pressure of 5 bar, 141 ° C temperature and relative humidity close to 100%. Under these extreme conditions, it should remain sealed. To ensure this protection, it is necessary to study the material that makes up these containments: concrete. Today, many studies are used to characterize the permeability of concrete using dry nitrogen as fluid percolating with mechanical loading (compression) up to 150 ° C. However, we know little about the evolution of the nitrogen permeability of concrete with different water contents coupled with mechanical loading. More, the gas used for the measurement of permeability is not steam as accident conditions described above. To be closer to accident conditions, we measure the nitrogen permeability of hollow cylindrical tubes 11 * 22 made of concrete with different percentages of water subjected to compression at ambient temperature. Then we designed an experimental bench to submit concrete cylindrical specimens coupling thermo-hydro-mechanical mixtures by injecting different nitrogen and water vapor, controlled pressure and measuring leakage rates in nitrogen and steam. These tests are performed under mechanical loading compression in pre and post-peak
Tali, El'hadj. "Valorisation d'un co-produit issu de l'hydrolyse de l'amidon dans l'industrie du béton." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0083.
The aim of the present research was the valorization of a by-product coming from the hydrolysis of starch as an admixture for mortars and concretes. The use of this by-product allowed an extended time of workability, a limited bleeding, and reduced plastic shrinkage and permeability. The mechanical strenghts at 16 hours were improved and those at 28 days remained constant. Moreover, it was shown that the formulation of the standard mortar is not adapted to caracterize the effect of a plasticizer on the time of workability. The water/cernent ratio is a dominant factor to ensure this workability. As bleeding can be prevented, the performances hardened concrete does not decrease
Picandet, Vincent. "Influence d'un endommagement mécanique sur la perméabilité et sur la diffusivité hydrique des bétons." Nantes, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01495714.
The effect of a mechanical damage on transfer parameters of concrete is an original point of view on the coupling between damage and durability. The studied transfer parameters, permeability and moisture diffusivity, allow to characterize the transport ability of a porous media to convey gases or water (liquid and vapour)
Ezzedine, el Dandachy Mohamad. "Characterization and modelling of permeability of damaged concrete : application to reinforced concrete structures." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI075/document.
For civil engineering structures with a tightness role during a severe accident, structural permeability is a key issue. In this context, this PhD deals with the numerical modelling of leakage rate through a cracked concrete structure. Two hydro-mechanical models in a continuous framework are proposed, a fully continuous one and another one that requires a semi-discrete analysis. The semi-discrete approach is based on a crack tracking method allowing to find the crack path. Once the crack path is found, the Crack Opening Displacement (COD) can be computed along the discretized crack surface by equivalence with strong discontinuity approach. The final step is to prescribe a modified Poiseuille’s law along the crack surface to estimate the leakage rate while imposing a pressure gradient. The fully continuous approach can be directly applied in a sense that no crack tracking is needed. It is a combination of permeability of diffuse damage and modified Poiseuille’s permeability. Herein, the positive principal strain is chosen to drive the modified Poiseuille’s permeability. The two proposed approaches are validated on an experimental campaign of dry concrete disk loaded in a splitting setup where gas permeability is performed. The validation is performed on the flow rate in the longitudinal direction. The results obtained with the proposed approaches compared to experimental data show a good estimation of the hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, the fully continuous approach is applied to estimate the flow rate through a reinforced concrete element subjected to tensile loading where multi-cracking in Mode I occurs (tie-beam test). The comparison with the experiment is performed on the flow rate in the perpendicular direction to the applied loading. The latter shows a good agreement between the estimated flow rate and the measured one if the same number of cracks is obtained.This PhD deals as well with the effect of the delayed thermo-mechanical loadings on the hydraulic conductivity of concrete. A permeability system is developed and constructed during this PhD based on the experimental program. An experimental campaign is carried out to study the effect of thermal and/or mechanical creep on dry gas permeability of concrete. Permeabilities in longitudinal and radial directions with respect to load axis are addressed. The loading induced anisotropic permeability is analyzed. Furthermore, the determination of the structural permeability along the steel-concrete interface at different shear loadings is still an open issue. An experimental program is carried out which deals with the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete subjected to a push-in test, as well as with a permeability analysis along the steel-concrete interface at different load levels. A first attempt to simulate the test using the proposed continuous approach is performed.This thesis was the occasion to conduct a new experimental campaign, to produce original results, to perform numerical modeling and to compare two proposed approaches to validate the models in order to apply them at the structural scale
Perraton, Daniel. "La perméabilité aux gaz des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0044.
Chen, Wei. "Etude expérimentale de la perméabilité du béton sous conditions thermiques et hydriques variables." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778621.
TSIMBROVSKA, MARIANA. "Dégradation des bétons à hautes performances soumis à des températures élevées : évolution de la perméabilité en liaison avec la microstructure." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10030.
Djerbi, Assia. "Influence de l 'endommagement mécanique sur la perméabilité au gaz et sur la diffusion des ions chlorure des bétons." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2018.
The existence of cracks in the reinforced concrete structures exposed to sea environment, can greatly modify the transport properties of concrete. These cracks provide easy acess to aggressive salts as chloride ions which can induce the steel corrosion. The goal of this research is to study the effect of a mechanical damage on the transport properties of concrete (gaz permeability and chloride diffusion). The experimental study is carried out on three types of concrete: ordinary concrete, high performance concrete, and high performance with silica fumes. Two kinds of damage are considered and generated in samples : a continuous damage is obtained by uniaxial compression : the load application is varying from 60% to 90% of the ultimate strength. It is characterised by a diffuse microcracking and by a loss of stiffness. A discrete or localised damage is obtained using a splitting tensil test, the traversing crack width is ranging from 16 to 240 µm. Gas permeability was measured before and after loading and evaluated using a constant head, Cembureau type, permeameter. The chloride diffusion coefficient was measured by a migration test under steady state condition. The results indicate that the microcracking affect the mass transport properties of the ordinary concrete which presents the higher porosity. A relationship, which is independant of the types of concrete, is obtained between the damage coefficient and theses transport properties. If the crack is traversing the variation of these transport properties is significant for the high performance concrete with silica fumes which has the lower porosity. Considering that the chloride diffusion flux of the cracked concrete is the sum of the flux in uncracked specimen and the flux in the crack, the diffusion coefficient through the crack Dcr can be evaluated. Dcr is independent of the material effect. A linear variation is obtained between this coefficient and the crack width. When the crack width is approximately 80 µm or more Dcr becomes constant and the value obtained is the diffusion coefficient species in free solution. This critical crack width is checked on concretes with pure diffusion test
Reimeringer, Mathieu. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effondrement d'une structure en béton armé." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2022.
Cheriet, Taoufik. "Contribution à l’étude du béton arme expansif." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0057.
Gadilhe, Agnès. "Comportement aéraulique des enveloppes de bâtiment : détermination numérique des pressions en façade : Modélisation de la perméabilité à l'air." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0023.
[Pressure models provide an attractive tool for the evaluation of the building ventilation. However, further development and validation of these models requires a better understanding of two critical issues : the pressure distribution around the building and the hydrodynamic behaviour of the envelope. The objectives of this thesis are to present a feasibility study of the k-e model for the evaluation of the pressure distribution and to better understand the flow characteristics through the envelope. First, we compare the pressure coefficients on a seven story building obtained by three existing methods : wind tunnel analysis, on site measurements, numerical approach. The comparison of the results of the numerical simulation with the wind tunnel test on two buildings demonstrates the limits and the difficulties of this promising numerical technique. Then we focus on the behaviour of the envelope - interface between inside and outside. A bibliography review and an on site experiment allow us to identify the type, the location and the flow equation of the various air paths. In order to improve our understanding of the flow through every specific building component, we test in our laboratory apparatus the behaviour of cracks and slots. The limits of the pressurization technique and its associated logarithmic law are clarified. ]
Miah, Md Jihad. "The effect of compressive loading and cement type on the fire spalling behaviour of concrete." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3015/document.
The research presented in this thesis seeks to examine and understand the mechanism of fire spalling role played by the external compressive loading during heating. Concrete cube (200 x 200 x 200 mm3) and slab (800 x 800 x 100 mm3) specimens made with CEM II and CEM III cements (B40-II and B40-III: fc28days ≈ 40 MPa) were exposed to ISO 834-1 fire curve under different levels of external uniaxial (for cube) and biaxial (for slab) compressive stress. Additionally, the effect of external compressive loading (confining pressure and uniaxial load) on the residual gas permeability of concretes have been investigated. In order to better analyse the experimental results and to provide more insight into the mechanism behind the fire spalling behaviour of concrete, numerical computations were carried out by using the existing thermo-mechanical model implemented in a finite element code CAST3M. The experimental results have clearly shown that the loaded specimens (uniaxial and biaxial) are more prone to spalling than unloaded specimens, with increasing amounts of spalling for higher values of applied compressive stress. Part of the tests, but not all have shown that B40-II (3% of slag) exhibited higher spalling than the B40-III (43% of slag).From this study on two ordinary concretes, it highlights that a certain level of external compressive stress (uniaxial or biaxial) was necessary to induce spalling. A possibility is that the applied compressive stress prevents the creation of cracks naturally due to thermal mismatch between cement paste and aggregates and thermal gradients. For unloaded specimen, the creation of cracks increases the permeability and naturally prevents the pore pressure to exceed a value that favours spalling.During a real fire, concrete structural members are always loaded or restrained. The presence of compressive loading during heating significantly increases the compressive stress (decreases the tensile stress) and the magnitude of pore pressure, which increase the risk of fire spalling. Then, the applied compressive stress is a very important key factor that the fire resistance design of concrete structures should take into account when considering spalling. Hence, it is recommended that the fire spalling test should not be carried out only on unloaded specimens, especially for the ordinary concrete
Quénard, Daniel. "Adsorption et transfert d'humidité dans les matériaux hygroscopiques : approche du type percolation et expérimentation." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT098H.
Bongué, Boma Malika. "Modélisation de la fissuration pour l'évaluation de la perte d'étanchéité des structures en béton armé sous chargements mécaniques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003418.
Laghcha, Abdeslam. "Contribution à l'étude des transferts gazeux et liquide au sein des parois en béton endommagées sous sollicitation thermo-hydrique : application au cas des enceintes de confinement en conditions d'épreuve et accidentelle." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0040/these.pdf.
The leak rate prediction of air and steam through a cracked concrete wall is an extremely important issue in assessing the safety of a nuclear reactor containment building. Furthermore the relation between air leak rate and steam leak rate on the same wall could have some interest for safety prediction. The present study investigates the transfer of fluids through a wall 1. 3 m of thick, with a focus on two cases: one on mechanically damaged concrete by compressive stress and another one on a crossing artificial flaw in a construction joint introduced in the concrete specimen. The aim of this work was to study comparatively, in the laboratory, the permeability of the damaged concrete walls under two conditions. The first conditions was at ambient temperature, a reference test of permeability, with dry air, giving the characteristics of permeability and the type of flow through the specimen. The second condition was an accident scenario with simultaneous effects of temperature and gas (a mix of air and steam) pressure applied on one face, the other one remaining at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The numerical results were in good agreement with experimental results, on the phenomenology and on flow rate through the wall
Liu, Jian. "Etude expérimentale de la perméabilité relative des matériaux cimentaires et simulation numérique du transfert d’eau dans le béton." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0018/document.
This dissertation was devoted to study gas and water relative permeability and transfer of water in partially saturated cementitious materials. The gas relative permeability of a reference mortar and a concrete, which is used in the low and intermediate level waste storage center in Soulaines, has been measured. A method to measure water relative permeability of two concretes CEM I and CEM V, which will be used in the building of a underground disposal, has been proposed. But the difficulty of isolating the part due to the permeation in the unsaturated flow shows that the flow of capillarity is predominant in unsaturated flow. The capillary adsorption of concretes CEM I and CEM V has been measured. At the same level of water saturation, the gas relative permeability of sample pre-treated by capillary adsorption is less than that of sample pre-treated by adsorption in relative humidity. A double retention model has been proposed and it can describe the sorption isotherm of two concretes CEM I and CEM V. The curves of gas and water relative permeability are deducted. The hysteresis of sorption leads to the hysteresis of water relative permeability while there is not notable hysteresis of gas relative permeability. With double-retention model and water relative permeability expression, we can simulate sorption process under relative humidity by using a proper value of water intrinsic permeability which is in the domain of measured values
Chen, Wen. "Fracturation électrique des géomatériaux Etude de l'endommagement et de la perméabilité." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577790.
Razani, Mahmoud. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement des dalles en béton arme et fibre sous sollicitation de choc." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0036.
[The aim of our work is to determine the characteristics induced in the behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under impact of deformable projectiles, by mixing metallic fibres with concrete. In the bibliographic chapter, we first present the essential computation methods for one-degree and distributed-mass systems, and large-scale tests of slabs intended to give empirical formulas direct! y used in design of particular buildings. Then, we lay out principal tests showing the influence of parameters such as material characteristics, shape of specimen, and loading conditions, on the mechanical behaviour of specimens (pattern of failure, strain energy, -strength,. . . ). Second chapter concerns static and impact instrumented tests carried out on materials, showing the influence of strain rate on the compression stress-strain curve. The third chapter describes static and impact tests on slabs. Deflections and strains at different points of the slab and sections, and also the load, are measured. Load-deflection and moment-curvature curves are deduced. In the last chapter, first, moment-curvature curves of sections are computed from stress-strain curves of materials, by a numerical method taking into account post-rupture part of concrete tension stress-strain curve. Secondly, impact response of slabs is computed, using a finite element numerical code, considering bilinear moment-curvature curves. Third part concerns numerical computation by modelling the slab and its elastic support into undamped two-degree spring-mass system, considering variations of flexibility coefficient at cracking and plastification. Last part contains a simple method based on rectangular load function and bilinear elastoplastic moment-curvature curves. ]
Fabien, Aurélie Jessica. "Etude du couplage comportement hydromécanique – durabilité dans le béton de la structure : application à la maquette MAREVA." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2090.
Casaux-Ginestet, Géraldine. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement sismique d'ouvrages en béton armé : développement de méthodes simplifiées." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0033.
Yehya, Mohamad. "Propriétés de transfert dans le béton par imagerie neutronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI103/document.
For civil engineering structures, especially containment buildings during a severe accident, the permeability of concrete is a key issue. Current permeability measurements allow only average (structural) magnitudes, which are not suitable for heterogeneous samples (cracks and/or reinforcements). Understanding the details of fluid flow is crucial because of the implications of preferred pathways (steel/concrete interface, cracks, etc.). The aim of this thesis is to propose a new methodology, and to test a new experimental setup, using neutron imaging at the D50 beam line at the Institute Laue Langevin in Grenoble to measure flow directly. The test consists of injecting normal water (H2O) under high pressure, into a concrete sample casted and saturated with heavy water (D2O), in order to follow the evolution of a waterfront over time by difference of attenuation between these two waters. An experimental campaign was launched on concrete specimens in different configurations (proper concrete, cracked concrete and concrete with reinforcement) and measurements of local permeability in singularities (cracked zone, reinforcement-concrete interface, etc.) were done. Tests have shown that classical permeability measurements are underestimated and flows in concrete are controlled by defects
Hamza, Sami. "Analyse probabiliste de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments existants : application aux structures à portiques en béton armé." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0332.
The civil engineering structures contain many sources of uncertainties, specially for the ageing ones, for which there is lake of data about the initial conditions and the evolution of the material properties in time. Earthquake regulations propose for that kind of buildings to proceed either with linear and nonlinear analysis to evaluate their resistance. This research aims to propose a methodology to estimate the reliability of a R/C frame structure under earthquake, taking into account the non linear behavior of the materials and the uncertainties in the dynamic system. The mean model is based on a a nonlinear finite element modelling of the structure. This FEM modelling allows to completely identify the failure mode into the structure : kind, cause, order. . . A stochastic linear analysis is made using the non parametric model applied to the reduced matrices of mass, stiffness and damping of the mean model and a Monte Carlo procedure. The random nonlinear behavior is then, treated by developing a mixed probabilistic model, combining a non parametric model applied on the reduced dynamic system and representing the linear part of the structure ; and a parametric model applied on the plastic localised parts of the structural element, representing the nonlinear part. Taking into account the effects of randomness in the nonlinearities allows us, on the one hand, to estimate the sensitivity of the structure to linear uncertainties in the case of a nonlinear behavior ; and on another hand, to compare this sensitivity to the linear and nonlinear uncertainties
Zayat, Kamel Afif. "Contribution à l’étude au choc du béton et mortier de fibres." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0021.
This research concerns the experimental and theoretical examination of the behaviour law mortar reinforced by the amorphous cast iron fibre under mono-axially compression impulse and static charge under 4 points bending tests. In the first part, we realize the experimental study in static compression to establish the relation between stress and strain and the behaviour degradation's law of material. We develop a numerical method which can treat the experimental measurement and obtain the relation between the stress and the strain until the rupture. The last part concerns the theoretical approach of the phenomenon of waves reflections and waves propagation through the non-homogenous medium. The exploitation of the numerical model can valorous the treatment of the experimental results and understand the different physical mechanisms developed during the shock. In conclusion, we compare our results with experimental ones given from other research and we establish the rôle played by the fibres in case of shock solicitation
Liu, Jian. "Etude expérimentale de la perméabilité relative des matériaux cimentaires et simulation numérique du transfert d'eau dans le béton." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679402.
Meftah, Fekri. "Contribution à l'étude numérique des modes localises de rupture dans les structures en béton de type poutres : approche multicouches par la plasticité au gradient." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0005.
Structural geometrical exhibit stain softening due to non-homogeneous deformations. Softening behavior is a precursor to failure and involves localization of deformation. When it is taken into account, in a standard continuum theories, such as convention plasticity, the strain softening phenomenon leads to ill-posed boundary or initial value problems, since the governing equations loose ellipticity or hyperbolicity. Therefore, numerical simulations suffer from extreme mesh dependence. The localization zone is complexly determined by the discretization and convergence to unique solution in no more obtained. In this work, the gradient-dependent plasticity theory is used as a localization limiter to prevent standard continuum deficiency. The essential feature of this theory is the dependence of the yield function upon the second order spatial gradient of the plastic strain measure. This term allows keeping well-posed character of the problem during localization. Furthermore, the gradient dependence makes difficult to determine the increments of the plastic multiplier, since the consistency condition is a partial differential equation. Therefore, it is satisfied in a weak or distributed sense, leading to a mixed formulation where the plastic strain filed is discretized in addition to the usual discretization of the displacement filed. In this contribution, a layered approach based on gradient plasticity is developed. A gradient dependent layered beam finite element is then elaborated. It allows ensuring numerical solution which is mesh independent. Application to concrete and reinforced concrete beams under static and impulsive loading ie presented to validate and illustrate the approach. The use of the fracture energy as a material parameter and the possibility of the model to describe the size effect are also scrutinized
Sabri, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'analyse de la réponse aux chocs de structures en béton armé." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS037.
In mountainous regions where the risk of rock falls on structures is significant, one of the current preoccupations is to identify the impact forces and to analyse the damage of impacted structures. The purpose of the presented study is to provide a contribution to the response analysis of reinforced concrete structures under shocks. Three axes have been approached in this study : (i) The direct analysis of impact solicitations. This study is concentrating on developing the shock behaviour equations by means of differential or partial differential equations. The solution of studied problems has been established by developing an analytical method of resolution (the model of double deformable masses) and by finite element method. The developed direct analysis allows, on the one hand, to obtain the displacements, deformations and accelerations fields at shock and, on the other hand, to evaluate the sensibility of direct response to input variables, with a view to the inverse analysis. (ii) The inverse analysis of impact solicitations. This analysis points out the two main difficulties of inverse problems due to dynamic solicitations: on the one hand, the experimentation and real boundary conditions misappreciation problems and, on the other hand, the specific problems related to inverse problem resolution. (iii) The development of simplified models applied to the impact force estimation in the structurally dissipating rock-shed. The work realized in this third part propounds damage and applied forces estimation approach using experimental measurements. The results of this research are applicable in early phase of conception or in pre-project phase where the forces in impacted slabs or beams are analysed in function of geometry
Langlois, Anne-Marie. "Influence de l'endommagement sur la fiabilité structurale de ponts en béton armé : étude de cas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21327.
A computer program, named « Laval Reliability Toolbox 2 » (LRT2), was developed in order to evaluate a time-variant reliability index for a reinforced concrete bridge while considering various usage and damage parameters. This tool pioneers by considering the reliability of three ultimate limit states: flexure and shear for beams and punching shear for the slab. In order to represent the failure mode of the bridge, system reliability analysis is used to model the structure as a system. A damage model predicts in time the properties of a structure undergoing corrosion caused by the application of de-icing salts: corrosion causes a reduction of the rebar’s diameter and spalling of the concrete cover. This computer tool was used to compare the reliability of bridges with two, three, five and six girders undergoing different damaging scenarios. Results show the importance of considering a spatial-variant reliability index for a girder. It is also shown that ignoring possible correlation among structural elements overestimates the reliability of low-redundant structures, modelled as series systems, and underestimates the reliability of high-redundant structures, modelled as complex systems. The study of homogeneous and non-homogeneous damaging scenarios shows the existence of corrosion-sensitive sections and failure modes that, if damaged, affect significantly the reliability of the bridge. Lastly, performance cycles were defined in order to evaluate the life service of a bridge, which is to estimate the time when the bridge will get below its target reliability index and to estimate when certain damages will occur. This type of methodology enables the prediction of a structure’s lifetime performance; it could facilitate the management of structures operations by making possible the comparison of multiple bridges performance.
Chen, Wen. "Fracturation électrique des géomatériaux : Etude de l’endommagement et de la perméabilité." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3025.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolution of microstructure and transport properties of geomaterials subjected to fast dynamic loads. This dynamic loading is generated by shock waves engended by a pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) under water. The evolution of microcracking and damage is illustrated by the microstructure and the intrinsic permeability of the material. Permeability increases both with the number of shocks and the pressure level. A good correlation between qualitative results of the image analysis from CT scans, performed on specimen before and after the shocks, and permeability is observed. After having exposed the results from an experimental campaign, the developments on the anisotropic damage model of R. Desmorat and a coupling with the permeability are proposed. Finally the whole process is simulated numerically by the codes Europlexus and Cast3M
Delemontey, Yvan. "Le béton assemblé : préfabriquer la France de l’après-guerre (1940-1955)." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083273.
In French cities after the Second World War, reconstruction heralded a rethink in the scale of building along with the rise of a novel, state-run form of construction management. The State, requiring vast numbers of homes to be built, set about industrialising the means of production, transforming irrevocably a building sector long wedded to ancestral habits. The result was a particularly French solution: prefabricated concrete. A cross between the hegemony of material and an infatuation with new production methods, this solution made the construction process the designer's central preoccupation. This thesis begins by looking at the position of prefabrication within the discourse of the immediate post-war era. It then considers the impact of foreign influences, especially those of the American "scene", on the modernisation of building methods and techniques. It then considers prefab development diachronically: it shows how, in an early phase (1940-49), a lack of resources stimulated astonishing progress as prefabrication broke away from the metals industry - its traditional partner - and became instead inseparable from the masonry sector; and it highlights the role of prefabrication, during a later phase marked by growing improvement in the nation's economic and material welfare (1949-1955), in the structural paradigm shift that occurred in housing at the turn of the decade
Nahas, Georges. "Calcul à la ruine des structures en béton." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066608.
Tchamba, Jean Claude. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement des matériaux cimentaires au jeune âge : pression, rhéologie et perméabilité." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS112.
The advent of the Self Compacting Concretes brought important evolutions in the sectors of building behaviour of materials with cementing matrix in a fresh state in particular self compacting concrete. The objective is to follow the evolution of the constraints of structuring and the intrinsic parameters (particularly the threshold of shearing) of these materials, before, during and after the implementation. Experiments of pore water pressures coupled with rheology were carried out on pastes cement and concretes at constant temperature 20° C. The studied mixtures were manufactured with same cement. The approach among other things consists in crossing the results obtained using a casing column, of a rheometer of laboratory for better determining the behaviour of materials tested. A first trial run made it possible to be interested in the problems of recoveries of shear stresses the walls using three devices to determine the constraints of structuring. A test on the column making it possible to measure the pore water pressure and the vertical pressure is carried out. Moreover, one study relating to the constraints with the interfaces was undertaken while being based on the evolution of the apparent mass of a plate immersed in studied materials. Lastly, the dimensional checks of endogenous withdrawal were carried out in parallel with the tests on the column. In the second time, a rotary rheometer, with Vane geometry coupled to interstitial pressure pick-ups was developed to describe the rheological characteristics of these materials. The aim is to follow the evolution of the flow property of material. In this context, the evaluation of the intrinsic parameters according to the model of Bingham was carried out. The results show the influence of the parameters of the composition on the rheological properties. Lastly, because of our interrogation on the evolution of the properties of transfer when the fresh material is at rest, an experimental campaign aiming at characterizing the permeability of a cement paste fresh by device of test oedometric and filtration is presented. We thus precisely measure compressing of material under load in conditions draining as well as the evolution of the permeabilities during the maturation of a cement paste
Zyskowski, Adam. "Méthodes et modèles pour l'évaluation des conséquences de la rupture d'une structure en béton armé sous l'action d'un souffle." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2006.
Dal, Pont Stefano. "Lien entre la perméabilité et l'endommagement dans les bétons à haute température." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001001.
AVERBUCH, DANIEL. "Approche du dimensionnement des structures en béton armé par le calcul à la rupture." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9611.
Ulm, Franz-Josef. "Modélisation élastoplastique avec endommagement du béton de structure. Application aux calculs statiques et dynamiques de structures en béton armé et béton précontraint." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529366.
Delhomme, Fabien. "Etude du comportement sous impact d'une structure pare-blocs en béton armé." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS004.
This thesis studies the behaviour of a new concept for a protection gallery under rock fall, called Structurally Dissipating Rock-shed (SDR). The main innovation, compared to conventional solutions, is to dissipate the impact energy directly into the reinforced concrete slab or into fuse supports, and no longer in a cushion layer. The dynamic phenomena, taking place during the impact of a block onto the slab, are analyzed by means of experiments on a 1/3 scale SDR structure. The percussion loads applied to the slab, during the contact phase with the block, are assessed as weIl as the various energy transfers and dissipations. The results allowed to validate the operating and repair principles of the SDR and revealed that the slab is damaged by three main mechanisms: the punching, the bending and the breaking clown at surface level of the impacted zone. The principal experimental values are found by numerical simulations of the tests with a finite elements tool. A simplified mechanical model "masses-springs-damping" is also developed with the aim of implementing design methods for engineering offices. The prospects for this work are to succeed in establishing design and construction recommendations for structurally dissipating rock-sheds
Assié, Stéphan. "Durabilité des bétons auto-plaçants." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0024.
The building industry is turning increasingly to the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in order to improve many aspects of building construction: SCC offers several advantages in technical, economic, environmental and human terms. However, there are still some problems with regard to its durability, in terms of physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this research project was to study various durability characteristics of self-compacting concrete compared with reference samples of vibrated concrete (VC) with similar compressive strength, from 20 to 60 MPa. For this purpose, SCC and VC mixes were prepared using the same ingredients in identical proportions (except for the high performances concrete), the only difference being that calcareous filler and more superplasticizer was used for the SCC mixes and the possible use of a viscosity agent. Tests carried out on these samples revealed that creep was slightly higher for SCC and that there was no significant difference in the other mechanical (elasticity modulus, shrinkage) and physico-chemical properties (oxygen permeability, chloride diffusion, water absorption, carbonation and leaching by ammonium nitrate) of the two types of concrete
Massat, Myriam. "Caractérisation de la microfissuration, de la perméabilité et de la diffusion d'un béton : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0033.
Plamondon, Millie. "Étude de l'influence de l'endommagement sur la fiabilité d'un pont existant en béton armé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25898/25898.pdf.
Ciutina, Liviu Adrian. "Assemblages et comportement sismique de portiques en acier et mixtes acier-béton : Expérimentation et simulation numérique." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0016.
The work presented in this report concerns the seismic response of moment resisting steel or composite steel-concrete frames, influenced by the behaviour of their joints. The steel of the beam-to-column joints or the steel part in the case of composite joints are realised by bolted end-plate connections, using HSF bolts with controlled preloading. The first part of the study, having an experimental character, relates several series of tests, performed at Rennes and at Timisoara; its objective is to research the appropriate constructive layouts for an improved ductile behaviour of the steel and composite end-plate beam-to-column connections under monotonic and cyclic types of loading, under symmetrical or strongly unsymmetrical conditions. A particular attention is given to some detail points of the connections: the inferior part of the end-plate, by means of basic experimental tests on “T-stub” subassemblies, bevel type used for welding of beams to the end plates, the reinforcing of the column steel panel of the steel column by doubling plates, etc. This study allowed us to compare the experimental results with those of the models proposed by recent codes and to propose some recommendations and simple formulae in order to permit a better dissipative behaviour. A second part concerns the calibration of numerical models, by the help of DRAIN 2DX computer code, according to the results of the experimental tests. In the case of beam-columns type of elements, using a fibre model and including the measured characteristics of the materials it was proved that we can arrive to a good agreement as compared to the experimental results. As for the connections themselves, a sophisticated model, based on a multi-linear envelope curve of response and including a degrading cyclic behaviour, leads also to an adequate simulation of the real moment-rotation response curves. Into the third part, based on the dynamic non-linear analyses and on soil accelerograms, we try to take advantage of the behaviour of the steel and composite connections tested in laboratory. Five moment frames, from which one metallic and four composite are analysed, considering the beams jointed to columns by connections having a similar behaviour of those tested experimentally, so more or less rigid and/or more or less resistant. The location of the structures was supposed in zones having different nature and seismic levels, particularly in France and Romania. The responses are judged in terms of the required élasto-plastic rotation of the dissipative elements and by the required inter-story drifts. The global ductility response is interpreted in terms of the behaviour factor q and of the seismic performance factor η
Lê, Ngoc Dong. "Amélioration de la régularité du béton en production." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003421.
Marquis-Favre, Catherine. "Construction de la fonction de transfert vibroacoustique pour la prédiction du rayonnement acoustique d'une structure sur site." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0027.
The aim of this study is to provide a tool that will allow the acoustic radiation from an industrial structure in its real environment to be worked out from experimental vibratory data. The difficulty lies in the knowledge of the analytical Green's function acting like a vibroacoustic transfer function between the structure and the surrounding acoustic medium. The proposed approach is founded on the numerical construction of this function from normal vibratory velocities and acoustic pressure measurements which respectively define the vibrating body and the sound field radiated from it. The mathematical model is based on a distribution of point sources with a density function, of single layer potential type, allocated to them. The density function is calculated from acoustic pressure measurements carried out in terms of modulus and phase all around the vibrating structure on its site. This function then contains the acoustic radiation of the structure and the room acoustic contribution. Its calculation consists in resolving an inverse problem. Next, the vibroacoustic transfer function of the structure on its site is numerically built from the determined density function at the structure point sources, and from the normal vibratory velocities measured at the same points. It then enables the acoustic radiation from the structure in its real surroundings to be predicted for any new vibratory state. One more advantage of this approach lies in adding acoustic information contained in the constructed vibroacoustic transfer function to the experimental vibratory data carried out on a complicated shape structure