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1
Pan, Qin Feng. "Solutions and Engineering Examples for Water Seepage Pollution of Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drain hole is a important structural measure in retaining wall constructions The necessity of retaining wall drainage holes and its side effects were discussed in the paper. A solution is proposed to deal with water seepage pollution with the use of leading channel, which is demonstrated in some practical project. The project shows that dark tank to guide water is characteristiced with low cost, short construction period and reliable effect, which is worthy of reference in other similar projects.
2
Asminin, Viktor, and Ulyana Pavlova. "DESIGN OF PASSENDGER SHELDER CONSTRUCTIONS WITH NOISE-PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 1(25) (April 1, 2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-73-83.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Negative influence for agglomeration ecological safety are modern growth of the cities, increase in population density, intensification of automobile transportations. The urban environment everything more becomes subject to the acoustic pollution of road traffic. Negative influence of this type of pollution on a hu-man body is conventional and is shown in the big range of influences. For example the Concept of complica-tion offered by A. Chic, which reflects subjective psychological feelings from the acoustic pollution of road traffic in the city and beyond its. The existing methods of fight against auto transportation noise is ineffectively or sometimes unaccepta-bly in the developed living area. The most acoustic pollution sites in urban environment are the locations of public transport stop points. Recommendations for design of PSC taking into account their shielding effect for the purpose of decrease acoustic pollution are developed. Possibilities of the developed computer program for design of PSC with noise-protective characteristics concerning object of a noise-protective are reflected in this work. The problem of optimization of PSC tech-nical parameters for the purpose of increase of level of security of an urban environment from the acoustic pollution of road traffic is solved. Nomograms for determination of optimum height of PSC with installation on them additional screens are developed.
3
Zamora-Castro, Sergio A., Rolando Salgado-Estrada, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Roberto Angel Melendez-Armenta, Erick Manzano-Huerta, Enriqueta Yelmi-Carrillo, and Agustín L. Herrera-May. "Sustainable Development of Concrete through Aggregates and Innovative Materials: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of concrete in civil infrastructure is highly demanded in structural and nonstructural elements. However, the high production of concrete could lead to severe pollution in the world. This pollution can be decreased using sustainable materials mixed with cement to obtain sustainable concrete. These sustainable materials include reinforcing fibers (e.g., steel, polypropylene, carbon fibers), recycled materials (e.g., tire rubber, crushed glass, plastic, industrial waste) as well as organic and inorganic elements as concrete aggregates and reinforcement elements. The sustainable construction materials can reduce the amount constitutive elements of concrete required for civil constructions. In addition, some sustainable materials added to cement could improve some properties of the concrete, like the compressive and flexural strength of concrete structural elements. Thus, the maintenance requirements or early replacement of these structural elements could be decreased. This review presents recent investigations about the performance of different sustainable concrete types. In addition, we include the effects on the mechanical properties of the concrete caused by the incorporation of several sustainable materials. In addition, recommendations for the use and testing of sustainable concrete are reported. These materials have potential applications in the sustainable concrete infrastructure in future smart cities.
4
Zamora-Castro, Sergio A., Rolando Salgado-Estrada, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Roberto Angel Melendez-Armenta, Erick Manzano-Huerta, Enriqueta Yelmi-Carrillo, and Agustín L. Herrera-May. "Sustainable Development of Concrete through Aggregates and Innovative Materials: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of concrete in civil infrastructure is highly demanded in structural and nonstructural elements. However, the high production of concrete could lead to severe pollution in the world. This pollution can be decreased using sustainable materials mixed with cement to obtain sustainable concrete. These sustainable materials include reinforcing fibers (e.g., steel, polypropylene, carbon fibers), recycled materials (e.g., tire rubber, crushed glass, plastic, industrial waste) as well as organic and inorganic elements as concrete aggregates and reinforcement elements. The sustainable construction materials can reduce the amount constitutive elements of concrete required for civil constructions. In addition, some sustainable materials added to cement could improve some properties of the concrete, like the compressive and flexural strength of concrete structural elements. Thus, the maintenance requirements or early replacement of these structural elements could be decreased. This review presents recent investigations about the performance of different sustainable concrete types. In addition, we include the effects on the mechanical properties of the concrete caused by the incorporation of several sustainable materials. In addition, recommendations for the use and testing of sustainable concrete are reported. These materials have potential applications in the sustainable concrete infrastructure in future smart cities.
5
Vorobjeva, Kseniya Yurjevna, and Nataliya Vladimirovna Prokhorova. "Lactose-positive intestinal protozoa in objects under construction soil cover of the Samara Region." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201762105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Samara Region is one of the largest industrial and agricultural centers of the Russian Federation. It is characterized by a high level of urbanization. Soil degradation, its chemical and bacteriological pollution as well as declining fertility are the result of versatile economic activity in the region. The rate and level of soil pollution are actively monitored however only very scarce data on its sanitary-epidemiological condition are available. At present Samara Region is facing a boost of residential, administrative and industrial constriction which requires sanitary-epidemiological testing of soil at construction sites. The paper deals with the above mentioned problem. It has been determined that the most reliable criteria in estimating the sanitary-epidemiological condition of soil are sanitary-significant microorganisms, a group of coliform bacillus in particular. The causes and effects of urban soil pollution by microbiological contaminants have been analyzed. The role of lactose-positive intestinal protozoa as sanitary-significant microorganisms has been studied. A quantitative evaluation of lactose-positive intestinal protozoa index has been carried out for the soils below residential buildings, administrative buildings, industrial constructions as well as the utility systems area. In particular, it has been measured that the level of soil pollution by lactose positive intestinal protozoa depends on the period they have been in human use. An aggravated level of soil pollution in certain areas can be observed due to uncontrolled littering as well as pet walking or an increasing number of stray animals. Industrialized areas (oil plants) are characterized by the lowest level of lactose positive protozoa contamination which is explained by the fact that those industries use modern technologies which are able to minimize ecological risks. However, such areas are polluted in a different way. Dangerous level of soil contamination by lactose positive protozoa is registered at several large automotive plants.
6
Lingvay, Iosif, Adriana Mariana Bors, Daniel Lingvay, Ladislau Radermacher, and Vlad Neagu. "Electromagnetic Pollution of the Environment and its Effects on the Materials from the Built up Media." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 3593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.12.6800.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In built up media (complex built environment), the materials are simultaneously exposed to a series of physical, chemical and microbiological stress factors that act synergistically with disturbing electromagnetic fields and cause material degradation - with consequences on the durability and safety in exploitation of buildings and installations. The main generative sources of disturbing fields (stray current generators) on built up media are railroads with DC or AC traction with various operating voltage and frequency, medium and high voltage overhead power lines and unbalanced currents from a three-phase power system. The generated stray currents cause destruction both in metallic elements of built structures (railroads, power installations) and in neighbouring constructions and installations (belonging to other administrations) with negative environmental implications.
7
Al-Qummaz, Surat Mahmoud Awwad. "Roughness of the Asphalt Mix: Its Causes, Effects and Methods to Treat It." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 5 (January 30, 2022): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6650.0110522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aims at investigating roughness in asphalt mix, and to address its effects, causes and methods for treating it to provide safe and smooth driving for the drivers and to the roads users in order to reduce accidents, loss of properties and consumption of fuel which reflects on saving financial costs. The research has depended on qualitative research method through reviewing a number of previous studies related to road constructions, since the desired high quality of roads has become priority to the road users and to the environmentalists who seek to reduce air pollution and emission of harmful gases.
8
Rahmayana, Putri Elsari, Humiras Hardi Purba, and Budi Susetyo. "Improving Ballastless Track Quality Using Project Quality Management and SmartPLS." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 12, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v12i1.6616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transportation is still a significant problem in Indonesia. Indonesians prefer to use private vehicles for daily mobility purposes because public transportation lacks safety and comfort and has a longer trip duration. This issue causes congestion and air pollution problems. Hence, sustainable railbased public transportation is recommended. Light Rail Transit (LRT) tends to be congestion-free and has a relatively shorter travel time with a large passenger capacity. Most LRT track constructions use the ballastless track. However, this track construction is still new in Indonesia. The research aimed to determine the most important factors in improving ballastless track construction performance on LRT. The research referred to the existing LRT construction in Indonesia using Lean Construction (LC) and Project Quality Management (PQM) approaches. Statistical science approach with SmartPLS software was also used in data processing and modeling the relationship between variables. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to determine the most important factors in improving the quality of ballastless tracks with variables and indicators extracted from LC and PQM methods. From five tested hypotheses, only one hypothesis is accepted. Quality control has a positive effect on track quality. It is also found that quality control becomes the most important variable in improving ballastless track quality.
9
Prasad, Meenu. "Analysis of Coconut Shell Concrete in the Sandwich Beam using ANSYS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SCS consists of a layer of unreinforced concrete core, sandwiched between two relatively thin steel plates with novel enhanced C-channel connectors. Compared to C-channel connectors, ECs directly link the two external steel faceplates. The cost of traditional materials used in the concrete is the major factor which increases the cost of constructions, so it is necessary to research for alternative construction materials. In this project, the concrete core is used as the coconut shell concrete. Coconut Shell is a waste, generated by industrial and agricultural processes, and has created disposal and management problems that pose serious issues of environmental pollution. The first objective is to analyze the composite properties at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of coconut shell in the sandwich beam using rules of mixture . The Rules of Mixture is an analytical equations that are used to calculate the composite properties of the material. Then analyze the effect of coconut shell sandwich beam in ANSYS software. Also compare the conventional sandwich beam and coconut shell sandwich beam. Analyze the strength and decaying of coconut shell sandwich beam using ANSYS.
10
Bäckström, M., and A. Bergström. "Draining function of porous asphalt during snowmelt and temporary freezing." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban runoff creates problems with flooding and pollution of receiving waters. Furthermore, cold climate conditions have a degenerating effect on stormwater systems and road constructions. Porous asphalt has been used as a wearing course on highways and in porous pavement constructions all around the world. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the function of porous asphalt in cold climates. Measurements of the draining function of porous asphalt were carried out in a climate room with adjustable temperature in the range -10°C to +20°C. At freezing point, the infiltration capacity of porous asphalt was approximately 50% of the infiltration capacity at +20°C. When the porous asphalt was exposed to alternating melting and freezing during 2 days, conditions similar to the snowmelt period, the infiltration capacity was reduced by approximately 90%. Based on the results of this study and previous studies, the infiltration capacity of porous asphalt was estimated to be 1-5 mm/min for snowmelt conditions.Key words: cold climate, infiltration, porous asphalt, porous pavement, stormwater.
11
Ruiz, J. M., and J. Romero. "Effects of disturbances caused by coastal constructions on spatial structure, growth dynamics and photosynthesis of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica." Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, no. 12 (December 2003): 1523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.021.
Повний текст джерела
12
Latha, G. Madhavi, K. Sarala, and Shivakrishna Gouroju. "Effect of Construction and Flour Mill Air Pollution in Rural Area." International Journal of Integrative Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijims.2015.104.
Повний текст джерела
13
Challéat, Samuel. "Le socioécosystème environnement nocturne : un objet de recherche interdisciplinaire." Natures Sciences Sociétés 26, no. 3 (July 2018): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2018042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cet article expose le cheminement par lequel nous constituons lʼenvironnement nocturne en objet de recherche interdisciplinaire. Apparue dans les années 1990 suite à la requalification environnementale de lʼéclairage urbain en pollution lumineuse, cette notion floue vise à appréhender les systèmes – humains ou non – fonctionnellement liés à la nuit et à lʼobscurité. En nous appuyant sur lʼobservation des processus de construction, de légitimation et de territorialisation de lʼenvironnement nocturne, nous montrons que cette notion opère une jonction entre différentes acceptions et approches fortement cloisonnées des rôles, fonctions et effets de lʼéclairage artificiel nocturne (ALAN, pourartificial light at night). Nous proposons dʼaborder son étude suivant le cadre dʼanalyse des socioécosystèmes qui nécessite la mise en interaction des différentes approches de lʼALAN par les sciences de la société et les sciences du vivant.
14
Maruf, Muhammad Azmi. "The Effect of Movement Control Order During Covid19 Pandemic on Air Quality and Gas Emissions: A Review." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, no. 1si (September 30, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.51-59.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Since the COVID-19 or novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) happened in December 2019, the number of cases has been rapidly increasing. To reducing the speed of infection, nations around the world have been doing movement control order (MCO) to their city for some time. The evidence shows that MCO can help many countries controlling the pandemic. The other effects of MCO is a change in air quality and gas emissions. The current study made for collecting evidence of how MCO affect air quality and gas emissions in several areas. This study aimed to explore if there are any positive and negative effects of movement control order (MCO) to air quality and gas emissions of areas that doing so. Discussion: During the movement control order (MCO) period, human outdoor activities have significantly reduced, affecting industrial operations reduction significantly, transportations, and other activities like constructions that leads to reduction of emissions. But there is increase of O3 and indoor pollution because of household activities increase. Many countries show that there are changes in air quality because of changes in human behaviour during movement control order. Conclusion: Current Studies concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic brings changes in air quality and emissions, as MCO, quarantine, and lighter traffic affect to better air quality outdoor, but, there is also increase of indoor pollutions. It is recommended that human should to maintain air quality by making reduction of unnecessary activities that make air quality worse.
15
Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, Anna Baryła, Joanna Fronczyk, Agnieszka Bus, and Józef Mosiej. "Phosphorus and Metals Leaching from Green Roof Substrates and Aggregates Used in Their Composition." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Green roofs are constructions made of different layers, each serving a dedicated function. Substrates and materials used in their composition are essential from the point of view of rainwater retention and plant development, but they may have an adverse effect on runoff quality. Literature studies show that phosphorus and heavy metals are of main importance. The total roofs area covered with green increased in the last years in cities as they are efficient in retention of rainwater and delaying of the runoff, therefore, protecting the cities against floods. As green roofs filtrate a significant amount of rainwater, materials used in substrates composition should be carefully selected to protect urban receivers against pollution. The aim of this study was to assess phosphorus and heavy metals leaching from different green roof substrates and their components with the focus on green roof runoff quality. Both commercially made green roof substrates and often used compounds (construction aggregates) were tested in laboratory batch tests for P, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn content in extracts. Based on the results of this study, it could be emphasized that a large part of commonly used construction aggregates can be a source of phosphorus, some also can release elevated values of nickel. Therefore, the materials should be carefully tested before use in the green roof substrate composition, not only for their physical properties reflecting water retention capacity, but also for chemical composition.
16
Villard, Marc-André, Marc J. Mazerolle, and Samuel Haché. "L’impact des routes, au-delà des collisions : le cas des oiseaux forestiers et des amphibiens." Le Naturaliste canadien 136, no. 2 (May 11, 2012): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009108ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bien que plus difficiles à quantifier, les effets indirects des routes sur la faune devraient être considérés au même titre que la mortalité routière, car certaines espèces évitent les abords des routes au moins durant une partie de l’année, ce qui peut mener à une fragmentation plus ou moins permanente de leurs populations. D’autre part, on observe chez plusieurs espèces un effet de bordure suivant lequel les abords des routes constituent un habitat de qualité marginale en raison du bruit, des substances et particules projetées par le passage des véhicules, des substances utilisées pour l’entretien routier (p. ex. sels de déglaçage) ou d’autres facteurs. Les oiseaux forestiers étudiés s’avèrent sensibles à la présence de routes à circulation intense, probablement en raison de la pollution sonore, alors qu’une espèce étudiée s’est avérée relativement tolérante à la construction d’une route de gravier. Quant aux amphibiens, les juvéniles en dispersion de 3 des 5 espèces étudiées semblaient éviter la traversée de routes pavées. Les gestionnaires de l’environnement devraient planifier l’aménagement des réseaux routiers dans la perspective du paysage afin d’éviter de dégrader ou de fragmenter les habitats critiques et de créer des barrières pour les mouvements saisonniers des espèces sensibles.
17
Bybee, Joan. "La liaison : effets de fréquence et constructions." Langages 158, no. 2 (2005): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lang.158.0024.
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18
Bybee, Joan. "La liaison : effets de fréquence et constructions." Langages 39, no. 158 (2005): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/lgge.2005.2660.
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19
Zatserkovnyi, V., L. Plichko, О. Prylipko, O. Nikolaienko, and T. Muzhanova. "SUBSTANTIATION OF THE APPROPRIATENESS OF APPLYING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN LANDSCAPE-ECOLOGICAL MONITORING." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (88) (2020): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.88.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern cities are characterized by such negative effects of civilization as urban densification, the pollution of air, water, soil, increasing noise and vibration pollution level, heat islands, the impact of magnetic, electric, ionization fields, etc. There is an unprecedented speed and scale of using various natural resources and contaminating the environment with production and consumption wastes. One of the efficient mechanisms of counteracting these negative effects is landscape-ecological monitoring (LEM) of the present urban ecological infrastructure (constructions and objects designed for protection, restoration and improvement of the natural environment) which is meant to provide the compensating resistance to the consequences of anthropogenic impact. LEM is significant when developing the evidence-based urban environmental policy and optimizing the environmental management system. Taking effective managerial decisions on the improvement of urban environmental situation requires complete and accurate information about basic natural conditions. The research focused on systematic gathering of data on an area mostly belongs to the field of landscape-ecological mapping. The authors have substantiated the necessity of using geographic information systems (GIS) in LEM and presented a model of assessing information gain which can be obtained when applying GIS in LEM. This model enables to assess the reduction of entropy (enhance information content) of LEM system by applying GIS. According to the authors' estimation, the introduction of GIS to LEM will enable to reduce entropy (uncertainty) of a system almost by half, that indicates the need of applying GIS in LEM.
20
Maria Sacht, Helenice, Andréa de Oliveira Cardoso, and Victor Figueiredo Roriz. "Influence of the surroundings areas in the microclimates of Santo André City – Brazil and Indication of Bioclimatic Strategies for Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The characterization of the climate of Santo André and its weather data are essential instruments for the study of implantation, both of new buildings and solutions of retrofit, as well as for the elaboration of projects of urban interventions or degraded areas occupation. In this study, meteorological weather data were obtained by meteorological stations in Santo André, a municipality located in the region of ABC Paulista (São Paulo State), for five different points of the city in order to evaluate the different micro climates and the influence of the surroundings in microclimates and an climate file in .epw format was developed for analysed bioclimatic strategies for buildings. Results show temperature and humidity variations among the five microclimates analyzed, as a consequence of the following actions: replacement of vegetation by constructions, asphalt, concrete and other impermeable surfaces, increased air pollution which cause a great absorption of solar radiation, forming a barrier for air circulation and of pollutant gases into the atmosphere creating urban heat island effects.
21
Zhang, Lei, Zhicheng Li, Tianliang Yang, and Ping Yang. "Improvement of comprehensive performance of compound green soil in sponge city." Environmental Engineering Research 26, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 200381–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large-scale constructions of urbanization increase the impervious areas of city, leading to the urban hydrological effects such as urban waterlogging and rainwater runoff pollution. To this end, China proposed to adopt the measure to build sponge cities. However, the existing green soil cannot meet the comprehensive needs of sponge city. In order to quickly evaluate the comprehensive performance of the soil in sponge city, a comprehensive evaluation criterion was designed, which is related to the characteristics of greening soil permeability, porosity, pH, salinity and fertility. Based on the criterion, a new type of composite green soil was obtained with the silt soil: medium sand: sawdust ratio of 72.5%: 20%: 7.5%. Finally, compared with the existing soil, the new green soil not only meets the comprehensive performance requirements of the green soil's fertility, pH, permeability and other factors, but also has higher permeability and water retention. It was proved that the new green soil has apparent advantages in the control of rainwater.
22
Yu, Dan-Dan, Shan Li, and Zhong-Yang Guo. "Evaluating the Tourist Climate Comfortable Period of China in a Changing Climate." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (July 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8886316.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The evaluation of climate comfort for tourism can provide information for tourists selecting destinations and tourism operators. Understanding how climate conditions for tourism evolve is increasingly important for strategic tourism planning, particularly in rapidly developing tourism markets like China in a changing climate. Multidimensional climate indices are needed to evaluate climate for tourism, and previous studies in China have used the much criticized “climate index” with low resolution climate data. This study uses the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and daily data from 775 weather stations to examine interregional differences in the tourist climate comfortable period (TCCP) across China and summarizes the spatiotemporal evolution of TCCP from 1981 to 2010 in a changing climate. Overall, most areas in China have an “excellent” climate for tourism, such that tourists may visit anytime with many choices available. The TCCP in most regions shows an increasing trend, and China benefits more from positive effects of climate change in climatic conditions for tourism, especially in spring and autumn. These results can provide some scientific evidence for understanding human settlement environmental constructions and further contribute in improving local or regional resilience responding to global climate change.
23
Alves, Carlos. "“White” Crusts on Recent Buildings." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1300–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Materials applied in buildings, sculptures and other civil engineering, architectural or artistic works can be affected by coatings of neoformation products, namely salts. Carbonate rich (typically calcite) coatings are common in recent constructions. They generally have a visual impact (frequently present a vertical streaking pattern and it could be argued that the aesthetic effect of white crusts on dark-coloured stones is similar to that of black crusts on light-coloured stones). The thickness and extension that can be achieved in some cases can be considered an important defacement process that develops in relatively small periods of time. There are evidences that in some situations the process might be recurrent with time. Its chromatic evolution with time could also contribute to increasing heterogeneity with aesthetic consequences. An interesting question regarding these crusts is the possible contribution of certain building materials to its formation, materials that will be, in this way, potential pollution sources that might affect other building materials.
24
Saraiva, Tatiana Santos, Edson Martins da Silva, Manuela Almeida, and Luís Bragança. "Comparative Study of Comfort Indicators for School Constructions in Sustainability Methodologies: Schools in the Amazon and the Southeast Region of Brazil." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 5216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the 1970s and 1980s, the effects of pollution in the atmosphere grew from a local to a global scale, affecting the entire planet. Consequently, economic and social issues began to be increasingly more connected with environmental protection. Several measures were taken towards environmental preservation, many of those related to the sustainable construction of buildings. This work intended to make a parallel between comfort indicators among different schools in Brazil, beginning with the specific analyses of schools in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, MG), in the Southeast region, and in Macapá (Amapa, AP), in the Amazon or Northern region. This comparison between schools is made to demonstrate the need to adapt methodologies and certifications that promote sustainability in school buildings for each region of Brazil. Questionnaires about ergonomic, thermal, visual and acoustic comfort, and air quality, were applied in two high-school buildings in Juiz de Fora, Academia School and Santa Catarina School, and in two high schools in Macapá, Tiradentes School and Professor Gabriel Almeida Café school, to understand the difference between these two regions of Brazil regarding comfort conditions. A comparison between the results of the four schools was made, proving the necessity of the elaboration of a specific methodology for each Brazilian region.
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Ilea, Raul-Gabriel, Cosmina-Andreea Manea, and Marina-Aurelia Antonescu. "The Main Characteristics of the Urban Climate in Relation to the Built Space Evolution in Bucharest, Romania." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2019-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The urban climate is a specific type of topoclimate characteristic to big cities, like Bucharest, which is formed due to the horizontal and vertical expansion of the space, the nature of the materials used for constructions, the pollution, and other side effects of the socio-economic activities. The main objective of this study is the analysis of the variability of four main meteorological elements (air temperature, atmospheric precipitation, relative air humidity, duration of sunshine) in Bucharest and its neighboring area, in relation to the built space evolution. In the last decades, Bucharest has been experiencing an exceptional development, materialized both by territorial expansion, as well as structural-functional and architectural-urbanistic transformations. The fact that the population of the city is increasing, correlated with the expansion of the built space area, suggests the intensity of the urban sprawl phenomena. This has numerous side effects, among which is the creation of a specific topoclimate, different from the one in the periphery. As an example, the results of the meteorological analysis showed that the air temperature is higher inside the city, at the Filaret station, with 0.1ºC, than at the periphery (Baneasa station) and the periurban area (Afumati station).
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Wang, Li Wen, and Hai Rong Bao. "Construction Pollution and Green Construction Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper, through the analysis of the construction features of civil engineering in each stage, analyzes the factors of adverse effects of construction activity on the environment; aiming at pollution sources, the specific characteristics and pollution status of construction, such as dust, noise, waste and other pollution sources, puts forward corresponding countermeasures and material methods, water conservation and green construction control to reduce the pollution of the environment; explores the effectiveness of some green construction techniques, such as plate construction method of the rebar lifting stool control plate reinforcement protective layer and thickness, and new prefabricated concrete structure, on the prevention and control of of environmental pollution from construction projects. The purpose is to find the method to maintain the construction and harmonious development of environment in the system, in order to be more active and effective implementation of environmental management of the construction of civil engineering.
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Yi Feng, Chow, Nur Ilya Farhana Md Noh, and Ramez Al Mansob. "Study on The Factors and Effects of Noise Pollution at Construction Site in Klang Valley." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 20, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.20.1.1826.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Noise Pollution is the high intensity of sound that is unnecessary and will cause harmful or danger towards human or nearby ecosystem. However, the occurrence of noise pollution is getting worse due to the process of country development. Noise pollution at construction site has become one of the noise pollution contributors in urban area where development in keep on going with the needs of construction projects. Area of study had been targeted at Klang Valley, Malaysia since it was one of the developing areas that consist huge amount of construction projects. Noise pollution produced at construction site is harmful to the health of those who involved in the construction projects and stay at the site for a long period of works. Thus, the main objectives of this study are to determine the factor of noise pollution at construction site and the effects of the noise towards those parties who involve such as engineer, contractor etc. The solutions to prevent or decrease the noise pollution at construction site were determined to help reducing its bad effects. Approximately 60 respondents had been collected in this survey to determine the most significant factor, effect and solution for noise pollution at construction site around Klang Valley. Based on the finding of this study, the significant factor caused noise pollution at construction site is due to heavy machinery operating. Respondents agreed that the noise pollution major affect is sleep disturbance. The significant solution against noise pollution at construction site is by applying muffler or silencer on construction machinery and equipment.
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Łożyńska, Justyna, Julita A. Dunalska, Agnieszka Bańkowska-Sobczak, Li Zhang, and William J. Mitsch. "Treatment of Hypolimnion Water on Mineral Aggregates as the Second Step of the Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Method Used for Lake Restoration." Minerals 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aimed to assess the usefulness of mineral aggregates in orthophosphate (OP) removal from hypolimnetic water withdrawn from eutrophic lakes. Two low-cost and easily available reactive materials were tested: lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and crushed limestone (LS). Their performance regarding OP removal and the effect on the pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, N-NO3 and N-NH4 concentrations of treated water were investigated in a column experiment with four-filter beds made of LECA and amended with LS (additions of 0, 25, 50 and 75% of the bed volume). The highest OP removal (>50%) was achieved in LECA beds with high (75% by volume) amendments of LS. Neither LECA nor LS distinctly affected the pH (maximum pH increase, from 7.1 or 7.2 to 7.6, occurred in the case of the LECA bed). In real-life conditions, it is not feasible to install a full-scale bed made of these mineral aggregates on the outflow from a lake due to the large required size of such a bed. At the operation time set for 30 d, the size of a bed would need to reach between 6113.2 and 12,226.4 m3. The proposed bed should be just one of the elements of an integrated treatment system. Constructions consisting of sorption beds ought to be coupled with adequately designed zones of aquatic vegetation. Three conceptional solutions were proposed for in situ treatment of the withdrawn water, differing in arrangement and construction of the potential sorption bed. Application of such solutions should be regarded as a substantial improvement of Olszewski’s method, as it can mitigate the pollution of downstream ecosystems.
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Pandey, Preeti. "BEST EXAMPLE OF POLLUTION FREE CITY PLANNING: HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present the whole world suffers from environmental problems. These problems appear everywhere in the form of pollution. Pollution, which has a harmful effect on the physical, chemical and biological properties of our environment or biosphere, is called pollution. For a few decades, the natural climate has seen astonishing changes like flooding has started where there was a drought. High rainfall areas are becoming drought-prone. Pollution is the increase in the temperature of the earth, disintegration in the quality of water bodies due to acid rain and imbalance in the natural air structure. Various types of pollution stand before us due to unnecessary experiments with natural sources. It is the duty of mankind to find and eliminate the factors of pollution. Various efforts are being made to resolve these problems. Scientists, environmental thinkers, government and non-government are all trying to see how a civilization of history can be seen as a means to solve this problem. How the people of that civilization were aware of pollution and what measures were being taken in their city planning to deal with air and water pollution. It is worth watching. The name of the civilization is the Indus-Saraswat civilization, often known as the Harappan civilization. In the northwestern part of India, this very developing civilization emerged on the banks of the Indus and Saraswati rivers. It was the first urban civilization of India which was of a higher quality than the European metropolises of the present day. Archaeologist John Marshall says that nothing can match the grand baths and open houses of the inhabitants of Mohenjodaro, neither in archaeological Egypt, nor in Mesopotamia, nor in any other country in West Asia. In those countries, most of the attention and resources were spent on building temples and royalty and mausoleums, while the common man had to be satisfied with only a few rough houses. The Indus Valley Civilization has a contrasting view. The most important constructions here were those built for the convenience of the townspeople, such as collective and private baths, the excellent drainage system found at Mohenjodaro which is the first of its kind as far as possible.
वर्तमान में पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं से सम्पूर्ण विश्व ग्रस्त है। ये समस्यायें प्रदूषण के रूप में सर्वत्र दिखाई देती हैं। हमारे पर्यावरण अथवा जीवमण्डल के भौतिक, रासायनिक एवं जैविक गुणों के ऊपर जो हानिकारक प्रभाव पड़ता है, प्रदूषण कहलाता है। कुछ दशकों से प्राकृतिक जलवायु में विस्मयकारी परिवर्तन होने लगे हैं जैसे जहाँ सूखा होता था वहाँ बाढ़ आने लगी है। अतिवृष्टि वाले क्षेत्र सूखाग्रस्त होने लगे हैं। धरती के तापमान में वृद्धि, अम्लीय वर्षा के फलस्वरूप जलस्रोतों की गुणवत्ता में विघटन तथा प्राकृतिक वायु संरचना में असंतुलन ही प्रदूषण है। प्राकृतिक स्रोतों के साथ अनावश्यक प्रयोगों के कारण विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रदूषण हमारे सम्मुख खड़े हैं। प्रदूषण के कारकों को ढूँढ़कर इन्हें समाप्त करना ही मानव जाति का कत्र्तव्य है। इन समस्याओं के निवारण हेतु विभिन्न प्रयास किये जा रहे हैं। वैज्ञानिक, पर्यावरण चिंतक, सरकारी एवं गैर-सरकारी सभी यह प्रयास कर रहे हैं कि किस प्रकार इस समस्या के समाधान के रूप में इतिहास की एक सभ्यता को साधन के रूप में देखा जा सकता है। किस प्रकार उस सभ्यता के लोग प्रदूषण के प्रति जागरूक थे और वायु तथा जल प्रदूषण से निपटने के लिये अपने नगर नियोजन में क्या-क्या उपाय कर रहे थे। यह देखने योग्य है। सभ्यता का नाम है सिन्धु-सारस्वत सभ्यता जिसे प्रायः हड़प्पा सभ्यता के नाम से जानते हैं। भारत के पश्चिमोत्तर भाग में सिन्धु एवं सरस्वती नदी के तट पर इस अत्यन्त विकासशील सभ्यता का उदय हुआ। यह भारत की प्रथम नगरीय सभ्यता थी जो कि वर्तमान समय के यूरोपीय महानगरों से भी अधिक उच्च कोटि की थी। पुरातत्त्ववेत्ता जाॅन मार्शल का कहना है कि न तो पुराऐतिहासिक मिस्त्र में, न मेसोपोटामिया में और न पश्चिम एशिया के किसी अन्य देश में ही कुछ भी मोहनजोदड़ो के निवासियों के भव्य स्नानागारों और खुले-खुले घरों की बराबरी नहीं कर सकता है। उन देशों में अधिकतर ध्यान और साधन देवमंदिरों और राजप्रसादों तथा समाधियों के निर्माण पर व्यय किया जाता था जबकि सामान्य जन को मामूली कच्चे घरों से ही संतोष कर लेना पड़ता था। सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता में इसके विपरीत दृश्य है। यहाँ सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण निर्माण थे वे जो नगरवासियों के सुविधार्थ बनाये गये थे, जैसे सामूहिक और निजी स्नानागार, मोहनजोदड़ों में प्राप्त उत्कृष्ट जलनिकास प्रणाली जो जहाँ तक है अपने प्रकार की पहली हैं।
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Deb, Plaban, Barnali Debnath, Murtaza Hasan, Ali S. Alqarni, Abdulaziz Alaskar, Abdullah H. Alsabhan, Mohammad Amir Khan, Shamshad Alam, and Khalid S. Hashim. "Development of Eco-Friendly Concrete Mix Using Recycled Aggregates: Structural Performance and Pore Feature Study Using Image Analysis." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The shortage of natural aggregates has compelled the developers to devote their efforts to finding alternative aggregates. On the other hand, demolition waste from old constructions creates huge land acquisition problems and environmental pollution. Both these problems can be solved by recycling waste materials. The current study aims to use recycled brick aggregates (RBA) to develop eco-friendly pervious concrete (PC) and investigate the new concrete’s structural performance and pore structure distributions. Through laboratory testing and image processing techniques, the effects of replacement ratio (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) and particle size (4.75 mm, 9.5 mm, and 12.5 mm) on both structural performance and pore feature were analyzed. The obtained results showed that the smallest aggregate size (size = 4.75 mm) provides the best strength compared to the large sizes. The image analysis method has shown the average pore sizes of PC mixes made with smaller aggregates (size = 4.75 mm) as 1.8–2 mm, whereas the mixes prepared with an aggregate size of 9.5 mm and 12.5 mm can provide pore sizes of 2.9–3.1 mm and 3.7–4.2 mm, respectively. In summary, the results confirmed that 40–60% of the natural aggregates could be replaced with RBA without influencing both strength and pore features.
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Жидков, Dmitriy Zhidkov, Девисилов, and Vladimir Devisilov. "Vortex Technology of Gases Stratification for Solving Ecological Issues of Oil, Gas and Chemical Industries." Safety in Technosphere 4, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the important tasks of the Russian economy and ecology is development and realization of energy-saving technologies, allowing the most efficient use of both primary and secondary energy resources. In oil, gas and chemical industries, there are processes, in which the potential energy of pressure of hydrocarbon or waste gases is either lost, either recycled with minimum efficiency. The energy lost should be used for low-temperature purification of waste and prepared gases, thus reducing environmental pollution. One way to solve this problem is to develop a vortex technology based on the Rank-Hilsch effect. By efficiency this method of purification exceeds standard throttling systems. This review presents an analysis of both theoretical and technological aspects of research of the vortex effect. different constructions of vortex tube are considered along with the one of the important conditions of its operation and realization in the industry - regulation of the incoming flow. It is shown that the realization of the regenerative scheme with vortex tubes will improve ecological and economic indicators of the core technology. A critical review of existing theories of the Ranque-Hilsch effect is provided. The article reviews the prospects of development of shock-wave mechanism that allows to explain the excessive cooling capacity of triple-flow vortex tubes used for associated petroleum gas treatment.
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Azarov, Valery, Svetlana Manzhilevskaya, and Lubov Petrenko. "The pollution prevention during the civil construction." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The environmental protection is not only an important social problem, but also an efficiency increasing factor of construction operations. The problem of the environment preserving and the protecting people from the adverse health effects during the construction operations is growing more urgent due to the increase in volume of construction and the increasing availability of construction equipment. The works of many researchers are devoted to the study of the dust load and the evaluation of influence on the environment.This article describes the practical effect of air pollution during the construction site landscaping of two buildings, which are situated in Rostov-on-Don. Nowadays the limitation of air pollution emissions from construction operations is regulated by a number of normative documents, but civil designers, unfortunately, do not always meet the regulation of emissions in full obedience in the construction operating for a number of reasons. The correct environmental impact assessment from construction is possible, taking into account the sequence and simultaneity of the operations. It is especially important for the construction taken place on the territory of cities. According to the study, a set of measures for air pollution reduction was developed. Such measures can reduce the air pollution by 1.5-2 times.
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Lu, Yuan Tang, Peng Chen, Jian Hua Zhu, Shun Qing Xu, and Jun Gao. "Empirical Analysis on Pollution Control Effects Decomposition of Environmental Protection Investments." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1400–1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the decomposition analysis method of pollution change, the article extended connotation of decomposition model, and applied it to the analysis of pollution removal factors. It quantitatively decomposed effects of increased environmental protection investments upon the change of COD removal into scale effect, structure effect and technology effect. Results show that the scale effect makes the largest contribution to the removal of COD, the structure change of environmental protection investments and technical effect perform negative effects. The environmental pollution control appeared as a rude mode, and the efficiency of pollution control is relatively low. Therefore, we should increase investment in industrial pollution treatments, promoting the application of friendly-sound and advanced technology, intensifying the construction of pollution treatment infrastructures and supervision on the whole operation so as to raise the environment benefits of environmental protection investments.
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Li, Fan Xiu, Xing Ping Wen, and Shao Jin Yi. "Numerical Measurement and Data Processing of Air Pollution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.1219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relational analysis method was a data process method used to sort out the correlation extent of effect factors in a system with uncertain information. Common mathematical methods were not applicable for describing the relationship. A new method, equivalent numerical relational degree (ENRD) model was developed to evaluate the effect of different factors on air pollution. The effects of different factors-the port throughput, amount of coal, industrial output, and motor vehicle ownership, investment in fixed assets, real estate development and construction of housing construction area on the quality of atmospheric environment were studied. The degrees of correlation were calculated according to ENRD and the values of the port throughput, amount of coal, industrial output, motor vehicle ownership, investment in fixed assets, real estate development and construction of housing construction area were 0.7947, 0.7943, 0.7289, 0.7238, 0.6702 and 0.6527, respectively. From these values, the relations of these factors to the quality of atmospheric environment could be described and evaluated, and the port throughput and amount of coal were relatively major.
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Жидков, Dmitriy Zhidkov, Девисилов, and Vladimir Devisilov. "Vortex Technology of Gases Stratification for Ecological Issues Solving in Oil, Gas and Chemical Industries (Review)." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the important tasks for the Russia’s economy and ecology is development and realization of energy and
resource saving technologies, allowing the most efficient use of both primary and secondary resources. In oil, gas and
chemical industries are widely used processes, in which the potential energy of hydrocarbon or waste gases pressure
is either loosing, either recycling with minimum efficiency. The loosing energy should be used for low-temperature
purification of waste and prepared gases, thus reducing environmental pollution. One way to solve this problem is
to use a vortex technology based on the Rank-Hilsch vortex effect. By efficiency this purification method exceeds
manifold standard throttling systems. In this review an analysis related to both theoretical and technological aspects
of vortex effect research has been presented. Vortex tubes’ different constructions have been considered along with
the incoming flow regulation as the one of the important conditions for these tubes’ operation and realization in
the industry. It has been shown that the realization of the regenerative scheme with vortex tubes will improve the
core technology’s ecological and economic indicators. A critical review of existing theories related to the Ranque-
Hilsch effect has been presented. The development prospects of vortex effect’s shock-wave mechanism allowing
explain the excessive cooling capacity of triple-flow vortex tubes used for associated petroleum gas preparation for
transportation have been considered.
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BHOSALE, DINESH. "Noise Pollution in Construction Industry & its adverse effects on construction workers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. VIII (August 30, 2017): 1423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.8200.
Повний текст джерела
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Couture, Jean-Pierre. "Effets de sphères. L'histoire des architectures politiques chez Peter Sloterdijk." Canadian Journal of Political Science 43, no. 3 (September 2010): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423910000417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Résumé. Cet article prend pour matériau le dernier cycle de l'œuvre de Peter Sloterdijk, lequel s'est attelé au développement d'une analyse phénoménologique de la spatialité humaine. L'optique de notre contribution consiste à faire état de cette théorisation spatiale à l'égard des constructions politiques. Cette entreprise se présente comme une vaste histoire des traces cosmologiques et architecturales des lieux de production de l'humanité et elle vise une réappropriation de la réflexion anthropologique sur le topos de l'humanité qui a été longtemps subsumé par la métaphysique de l'au-delà et qui est aujourd'hui désagrégé par les processus de mobilisation totale du capital.Abstract. This paper proposes an account of the recent works of Peter Sloterdijk, an author that has developed a phenomenological analysis of human spaces. The aim of my contribution is to put this spatial theorization in relation with political constructions. Sloterdijk's enterprise presents itself as a long history of the cosmological and architectural elements that shape the very spaces of human-production. It is also described as a new path for the understanding of the human topos that has been for too long subsumed by metaphysics of the ‘beyond’ and liquefied nowadays by contemporary mobilization processes of the capital.
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Kriyt, Vladimir E., Yu N. Sladkova, and V. V. Smirnov. "TWO LAYER HIGHWAY BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS AS SPECIFIC SOURCES OF EXPOSURE TO RESIDENTIAL AREA NOISE ON THE EXAMPLE OF KANONERSKY ISLAND IN SAINT-PETERSBURG." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 1162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-12-1162-1165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. In the modern world, the development of scientific, technical and technological potential is the most important attribute of the sustainable social and economic situation of the state and society. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin “On National Purposes and Strategic Development Challenges of the Russian Federation for the Period to 2024”, a project is being implemented to create safe and high-quality roads. In the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 10 of 23.03.2005 “On Measures to Strengthen Transport Supervision and Reduce Its Influence on Public Health”, it is stated motor vehicles to create acoustic discomfort in eighty percent of the territories of large cities. The proportion of the population living on the territory with an excess of hygienic standards by 5-30 dB is up to 60% (about 34 million people). Material and methods. To study the current state of the acoustic situation on the ground, noise measurements were made in accordance with the current methodological guidelines for monitoring noise in the residential area, in residential and public buildings and premises. Results. The article presents the results of laboratory-instrumental noise measurements in the area of residential development in the zone of influence of the highway, where a unique bridge construction with the organization of movement in two levels was created. Discussion. The results of laboratory-instrumental measurements of sound levels confirm the need for the detailed development of noise protection measures and can be associated with errors in the design of this road and the effects of multiple reflections (when the source of noise is not a particular car, but the highway itself). At the same time, noise shields installed on both the highway and the terrain in this version show their low efficiency. Conclusions. When designing multi-level bridge structures and calculating the planned level of noise impact, it is necessary to take into account the effects of multiple reflections.
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Despland, Michel. "Constructions modernes de la religion : l'exemple de Volney." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 28, no. 1 (March 1999): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842989902800103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trois oeuvres de Volney (1757-1820) présentent trois constructions de la religion. Son Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte ( 1787) présente l'Islam comme une institution aux effets purement négatifs, qui appuie le despotisme militaire des Turcs. Les Ruines (1791) imaginent un concile de tous les peuples où les chefs de toutes les religions érigent des obstacles au développement de la morale naturelle. Le Tableau du climat et du sol des États-Unis (1803) ouvre de nouvelles perspectives: grâce à des conversations avec un chef indien, Volney voit dans la religion des Amérindiens une composante de leur culture et la compréhension de la religion devient nécessaire à la compréhension du sort des Amérindiens défaits.
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Farget1, Doris. "Colonialisme et pollution environnementale." Criminologie 49, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038418ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sachant que la contamination de l’environnement altère, limite ou élimine l’accès à certains domaines utilisés ou revendiqués par des peuples autochtones, notamment le territoire, la faune et la flore, quels sont les effets de la pollution de l’environnement sur les droits de ces peuples ? Dans le cadre de cet article, nous soutenons l’idée selon laquelle les effets de la pollution environnementale prolongent ou reproduisent ceux du colonialisme sur le plan des droits reconnus et de la normativité autochtone. C’est à travers cette lunette que nous analysons l’exercice ou l’accès à certains droits reconnus aux peuples autochtones dans un contexte de contamination environnementale, puis que nous analysons le type d’effet que celle-ci produit.
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Abd-Rahim, Mohd Hilmi Izwan, Tien-Choon Toh, Yoke-Lian Lew, See-Jie Ng, Kai-Chen Goh, Sulzakimin Mohamed, Nadzirah Zainordin, and Mei-Ye Kho. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NON-ADOPTION OF GREEN BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS IN KLANG VALLEY MALAYSIA." International Journal of Industrial Management 6 (May 12, 2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction industry plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and bringing more job opportunities. However, construction activities also bring adverse pollutions to the environment. Therefore, the adoption of green building specifications is crucial to mitigate these pollutions by promoting efficient resources utilisation and environmental-friendly practices. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the non-adoption of green building specifications in Klang Valley, Malaysia and to examine the underlying structure caused by the latent factors. In addition, this study is conducted to investigate the effects caused by the non-adoption of green building specifications. This study adopted a quantitative research approach that utilises an online questionnaire to collect quantitative data from the respondents. According to the results, the most influential factor is “Unwillingness to change the conventional way”, while the least influential factor is “Conflicts with aesthetic issues”. Among the three effects studied, “Worsen soil pollution” has the most significant effect. Next, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings through factor analysis, namely, Green technology related-factor, Governmental related-factor, Economic related-factor, Public awareness and behaviour related-factor, and Corporate related-factor. Based on the interpretation of the results, “Unwillingness to change the conventional way” is the highest-ranked influential factor, which may be due to the habitual thinking of construction stakeholders in remaining their existing business practices. “Conflicts with aesthetic issues” is the least ranked factor because green features actually do not downgrade but enhance the appearance of the buildings. For instance, the Energy Commission Diamond Building in Putrajaya has a good physical appearance indeed. In conclusion, this study ranked the factors to show their degrees of significance towards the non-adoption of green building specifications. Besides that, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings and the differences among the factor groupings are also studied.
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Abd-Rahim, Mohd Hilmi Izwan, Tien-Choon Toh, Yoke-Lian Lew, See-Jie Ng, Kai-Chen Goh, Sulzakimin Mohamed, Nadzirah Zainordin, and Mei-Ye Kho. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NON-ADOPTION OF GREEN BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS IN KLANG VALLEY MALAYSIA." International Journal of Industrial Management 6 (May 12, 2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction industry plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and bringing more job opportunities. However, construction activities also bring adverse pollutions to the environment. Therefore, the adoption of green building specifications is crucial to mitigate these pollutions by promoting efficient resources utilisation and environmental-friendly practices. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the non-adoption of green building specifications in Klang Valley Malaysia and to examine the underlying structure caused by the latent factors. In addition, this study is conducted to investigate the effects caused by the non-adoption of green building specifications. This study adopted a quantitative research approach that utilises an online questionnaire to collect quantitative data from the respondents. According to the results, the most influential factor is “Unwillingness to change the conventional way”, while the least influential factor is “Conflicts with aesthetic issues”. Among the three effects studied, “Worsen soil pollution” is the most significant effect. Next, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings through factor analysis, namely, Green technology related-factor, Governmental related-factor, Economic related-factor, Public awareness and behaviour related-factor and Corporate related-factor. Based on the interpretation of the results, “Unwillingness to change the conventional way” is the highest-ranked influential factor, which may be due to the habitual thinking of construction stakeholders in remaining their existing business practices. “Conflicts with aesthetic issues” is the least ranked factor because green features actually do not downgrade but enhancing the appearance of the buildings, for instance, Energy Commission Diamond Building in Putrajaya has a good physical appearance indeed. In conclusion, this study has ranked the factors to show their degrees of significance towards the non-adoption of green building specifications. Besides that, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings and the differences among the factor groupings are also studied.
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Abd-Rahim, Mohd Hilmi Izwan, Tien-Choon Toh, Yoke-Lian Lew, See-Jie Ng, Kai-Chen Goh, Sulzakimin Mohamed, Nadzirah Zainordin, and Mei-Ye Kho. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NON-ADOPTION OF GREEN BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS IN KLANG VALLEY MALAYSIA." International Journal of Industrial Management 6 (May 12, 2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Construction industry plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and bringing more job opportunities. However, construction activities also bring adverse pollutions to the environment. Therefore, the adoption of green building specifications is crucial to mitigate these pollutions by promoting efficient resources utilisation and environmental-friendly practices. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the non-adoption of green building specifications in Klang Valley Malaysia and to examine the underlying structure caused by the latent factors. In addition, this study is conducted to investigate the effects caused by the non-adoption of green building specifications. This study adopted a quantitative research approach that utilises an online questionnaire to collect quantitative data from the respondents. According to the results, the most influential factor is “Unwillingness to change the conventional way”, while the least influential factor is “Conflicts with aesthetic issues”. Among the three effects studied, “Worsen soil pollution” is the most significant effect. Next, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings through factor analysis, namely, Green technology related-factor, Governmental related-factor, Economic related-factor, Public awareness and behaviour related-factor and Corporate related-factor. Based on the interpretation of the results, “Unwillingness to change the conventional way” is the highest-ranked influential factor, which may be due to the habitual thinking of construction stakeholders in remaining their existing business practices. “Conflicts with aesthetic issues” is the least ranked factor because green features actually do not downgrade but enhancing the appearance of the buildings, for instance, Energy Commission Diamond Building in Putrajaya has a good physical appearance indeed. In conclusion, this study has ranked the factors to show their degrees of significance towards the non-adoption of green building specifications. Besides that, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings and the differences among the factor groupings are also studied
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Abd-Rahim, Mohd Hilmi Izwan, Tien-Choon Toh, Yoke-Lian Lew, See-Jie Ng, Kai-Chen Goh, Sulzakimin Mohamed, Nadzirah Zainordin, and Mei-Ye Kho. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NON-ADOPTION OF GREEN BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS IN KLANG VALLEY MALAYSIA." International Journal of Industrial Management 6 (May 12, 2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction industry plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and bringing more job opportunities. However, construction activities also bring adverse pollutions to the environment. Therefore, the adoption of green building specifications is crucial to mitigate these pollutions by promoting efficient resources utilisation and environmental-friendly practices. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the non-adoption of green building specifications in Klang Valley Malaysia and to examine the underlying structure caused by the latent factors. In addition, this study is conducted to investigate the effects caused by the non-adoption of green building specifications. This study adopted a quantitative research approach that utilises an online questionnaire to collect quantitative data from the respondents. According to the results, the most influential factor is “Unwillingness to change the conventional way”, while the least influential factor is “Conflicts with aesthetic issues”. Among the three effects studied, “Worsen soil pollution” is the most significant effect. Next, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings through factor analysis, namely, Green technology related-factor, Governmental related-factor, Economic related-factor, Public awareness and behaviour related-factor and Corporate related-factor. Based on the interpretation of the results, “Unwillingness to change the conventional way” is the highest-ranked influential factor, which may be due to the habitual thinking of construction stakeholders in remaining their existing business practices. “Conflicts with aesthetic issues” is the least ranked factor because green features actually do not downgrade but enhancing the appearance of the buildings, for instance, Energy Commission Diamond Building in Putrajaya has a good physical appearance indeed. In conclusion, this study has ranked the factors to show their degrees of significance towards the non-adoption of green building specifications. Besides that, the factors are categorised into five-factor groupings and the differences among the factor groupings are also studied.
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Yang, Jian She, and Xiao Hua Zhong. "Environmental Impact Assessment for Zhonghang Housing Development in Huidong County of Guangdong." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.831.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to the Zhonghang construction project characteristics in Huidong county of Guangdong, the possible effects of pollution occurred in the development project construction period and the operation period have been respectively elaborated here. The dust occurred on construction period, waste water pollution of the operation period, and the adverse effects schemehis have been analyzed in the paper. Some concrete measurements for Zhonghang in satisfy human living project been put out.
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Oladazimi, Amir, Saeed Mansour, and Seyed Abbas Hosseinijou. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Steel and Concrete Construction Frames: A Case Study of Two Residential Buildings in Iran." Buildings 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given the fact that during the recent years the majority of buildings in Iran have been constructed either on steel or concrete frames, it is essential to investigate the environmental impacts of materials used in such constructions. For this purpose, two multi-story residential buildings in Tehran with a similar function have been considered in this study. One building was constructed with a steel frame and the other was constructed with a concrete frame. Using the life cycle assessment tool, a complete analysis of all the stages of a building’s life cycle from raw material acquisition to demolition and recycling of wastes was carried out. In this research, the environmental impacts included global warming potential in 100 years, acidification, eutrophication potential, human toxicity (cancer and non-cancer effects), resource depletion (water and mineral), climate change, fossil fuel consumption, air acidification and biotoxicity. It could be concluded from the results that the total pollution of the concrete frame in all eleven aforementioned impact factors was almost 219,000 tonnes higher than that of the steel frame. Moreover, based on the results, the concrete frame had poorer performance in all but one impact factor. With respect to global warming potential, the findings indicated there were two types of organic and non-organic gases that had an impact on global warming. Among non-organic emissions, CO2 had the biggest contribution to global warming potential, while among organic emissions, methane was the top contributor. These findings suggest the use of steel frames in the building industry in Iran to prevent further environmental damage; however, in the future, more research studies in this area are needed to completely investigate all aspects of decision on the choice of building frames, including economic and social aspects.
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Shugurov, O. O., та T. A. Strigina. "The current level of β-radioactivity in the Zaporizhzhya storage lake". Ecology and Noospherology 28, № 3-4 (18 листопада 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The condition control of the Ukrainian rivers is an integral part of the population safety level. The change of such state can occur for several reasons. The first is the increase of pollution level from the working enterprises. The second – the efficiency reduction of protective constructions which store the radioactive wastes of (tailings dam). And the third – movement changes of water masses which are capable to lift the radio nuclides received earlier from the river bed (for example, the accident on the Chernobil atomic station). Therefore, the aim of the work was the modern level evaluation of b-nuclide pollution (90Sr and 137Cs) in water of Zaporizhzhya storage lake on the largest density points of the industrial enterprises on the Dnieper river in the sequence Kamenskoe – Dnipro – Zaporizhzhya at different seasons of the three years. Within 2014–2016 we carried out investigations of Zaporizhzhya storage lake b-radiation level for different seasons. The sampling was made at depth from 1,0 m to 1,5 m on six points. These points corresponded to the coast ones of Zaporizhzhya storage lake which are bound up with the industrial enterprises wastes of Kamenskoe and Dnipro or the small rivers fall points into the Dnieper River. The sampling points were: a coastal area 200 m below the Dneprodzerzhinsky dam, the river port, Starie Kodaki, the mouth of the river Mokra Sura, village Vojskove and Fyodorivka. The water mass of 5 kg was taken from these points and poured into the glass bottles. For radioactive pollution level determination in river's points we used two samples by 60 dm3 volume or caesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) definition. 90Sr activity in water was determined radiochemically by oxalates sedimentation method with the subsequent measurement on the UMF-1500 installation. The isotope 137Cs was besieged by potassium ferrocyanide from a muriatic solution with the subsequent measurement on a small background installation The general β-radioactivity (Bq/l) was determined in the samples on the radiometer-«Beta» with the help of the SBT-13 counter by direct measurement method of samples. We showed that the levels of general β-activity water or at the investigated selection points of Zaporizhzhya storage lake fluctuated on average from 0,14 to 0,24 Bq/l, the content of 90Sr radionuclides in water is from 0,029 to 0,055 Bq/l, for 137Cs – is 0,042 Bq/l. In autumn β-activity level in Zaporozhzhya storage lake water decreased in comparison with spring – summer seasons. It is typical for storage lakes with a superficial filling which is followed by a relative increase of radioactive materials in water from deeply lying breeds bottom. For 90Sr, the effect of fluctuations in its concentration is observed, depending on the presence of industrial centers on the way of water movement along the Zaporizhzhya Reservoir. This effect not marked for 137Cs. An assessment of the level of water pollution has shown that in our time the indicators of the studied isotopes do not exceed the permissible levels of radioactivity stipulated by the norms of radiation safety of Ukraine from 1997.
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Belbachir, Boucif, Ahmed Soufiane Benosman, Hamed Taïbi, Mohamed Mouli, and Yassine Senhadji. "The thermal properties of mortars modified by the effect of combining polymers and SCMs." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v5i1.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thermal performance of the building materials is relevant to any use of composite materials, especially in relation to constructions where it is desirable to have high specific heat, low thermal conductivity and slight or no decrease of stiffness upon heating. The thermal coefficients of composite mortars made up of mixtures of combining styrene polyacrylic SPA Latex and supplementary cementitious materials SCMs were measured at different ages (7, 14, 28, 60, 90 and 120 days). So, in order to determine the thermal conductivity, the calorific capacity and thermal diffusivity of SCM-modified mortars, it seemed interesting to evaluate the influence of adding the SPA Latex (0.5%, 1% and 2%w) on the properties of these mortars when exposed to a quick thermal conductivity meter based on standard ISO 8302-91. The highest thermal conductivity of 1.51 W.m-1.K-1 was observed with the samples containing only plain cement. It decreased with the increase of SPA latex percentages. The lowest values of thermal coefficients were obtained with the samples prepared with SPA polymer at 2% and SCMs. In this way, the results obtained highlight the beneficial effect of combining SPA polymer and SCM materials as thermal insulation in comparison with other insulation materials. In fact, using SCMs as cement substitutes reduces the energy consumption. These composite mortars address problems related to environmental pollution by CO2 emissions, and can be recommended as materials for energy efficiency in buildings.
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Gramaglia, Christelle, and François Mélard. "Looking for the Cosmopolitical Fish: Monitoring Marine Pollution with Anglers and Congers in the Gulf of Fos, Southern France." Science, Technology, & Human Values 44, no. 5 (July 14, 2019): 814–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243919860197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following a controversy over the construction of a waste incinerator in the Fos-sur-Mer industrial area (France), residents pointed to the lack of knowledge of the industry’s cumulative impact on their health and environment. Under pressure, some of their elected representatives supported the creation of an independent scientific organization, the Ecocitizen Institute for Pollution Awareness ( Institut écocitoyen pour la connaissance des pollutions [IECP]). Its objective was to conduct localized scientific research on the effects of pollution and to lobby the administration to change its regulatory practices. This paper examines the efforts made to ensure that the “undone science” gets done, by focusing on the specificities of this industrialized site. We look at a participatory biomonitoring experiment that aimed to document pollution in the Gulf of Fos where scientists working for the IECP accepted anglers’ requests and switched from an acknowledged sentinel species to another species. We tell the many stories that were shared with us about how conger qualified as a more suitable “cosmopolitical fish” in the study of pollution. Elaborating on actor–network theory and multispecies ethnographies, we discuss the appropriateness of congers as the newly appointed sentinel species. We argue that this demonstrates the importance of the “ecology of relations” in maintaining the livability of the area.
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Si, Shuai, Junqi Li, Yucheng Jiang, Yuzhen Wang, and Lian Liu. "The Response of Runoff Pollution Control to Initial Runoff Volume Capture in Sponge City Construction Using SWMM." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 5617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Source facilities can manage stormwater runoff pollutants while also limiting runoff volume in China’s sponge city construction. However, there is no apparent link between source volume control and runoff pollution reduction. This research uses SWMM to develop a model based on the basic data of a city’s catchment zone in northern China in order to statistically examine the response relationship between the initial runoff volume capture of sponge city construction and the reduction effect of stormwater runoff pollution. Based on the dimensionless constant of the runoff pollution control curve, we suggested a novel approach for evaluating runoff pollution control effectiveness. This method was used to examine the response relationship between runoff volume control and runoff pollution control in three typical initial runoff volume capture facilities in the study area, namely bioretention, permeable pavement, rain barrels, and terminal storage tanks, under various design rainfall conditions. The dimensionless constant (Dc) has good practical application value and can quantitatively quantify the control effect of various facilities on stormwater runoff pollution. The Dc value of the source facilities is higher than that of the terminal control facilities, indicating that the source facilities have a higher ability to reduce rainwater runoff pollution than the terminal facilities, particularly the infiltration facilities. The research ideas and evaluation methods proposed in this paper provide an alternative approach for selecting and optimizing facilities during the planning and designing stages of sponge city construction, which can also be used in the monitoring and evaluation stage after completion to carry out a more effective evaluation of sponge facilities’ effects.