Дисертації з теми "Constructions – Effets de la pollution"
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Milliez, Maya. "Modélisation micro-météorologique en milieu urbain : dispersion des polluants et prise en compte des effets radiatifs." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENPC0629.
Повний текст джерелаChabas, Anne. "Rôle de l'environnement atmosphérique marin dans la dégradation des marbres et du granite de Delos (Cyclades - Grèce)." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120052.
Повний текст джерелаKurose, Ayumi. "Effets des séismes sur les ouvrages souterrains." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0030.
Повний текст джерелаHernandez, Hernandez Gabriel Angel. "Effets d'interaction sismique sol-structure." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0285.
Повний текст джерелаScheiman, Patricia. "Analyse de la réponse de structures non linéaires à deux degrés de liberté sollicitées par des sources d'excitation aléatoires." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EVRY0004.
Повний текст джерелаBillard, Alain. "Sismicite et monuments antiques : les ponts et canaux sur les aqueducs romains du bassin méditerranéens." Bordeaux 3, 2006. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2006BOR30005.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to understand how roman architects have conceived canal bridges on aqueducts, to resist to earthquakes and of course to winds. If an architectural model stood out all over the Empire, was often the result of a search of stability against dynamic pressures on these works. Some of them have crossed countries, others have much suffered, from others, nothing but toponymics remains. Beyond anthropic action, why?
Youssouf, Hassani. "Effets respiratoires de la pollution atmosphérique : prise en compte de plusieurs niveaux de pollution." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066456/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of this thesis were to study the respiratory effects of air pollution by taking into account three levels of exposure: the macroscopic, semi-individual and individual levels. For the macroscopic level, we studied the health effects of emissions from forest fires in an ecological study. Through a literature review, we found that several epidemiological studies have shown the association between exposure to wildfire emissions and increase cardiopulmonary disease and mortality for the people living nearby. The main limitation of these studies is given by the exposure assessment. In a case study of the wildfire occurred in Marseille in the summer 2009, we observed effects at the limit of significance 8 and 9 days after exposure between concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) from fire and respiratory effects .For semi-individual level, we have studied the link between domestic and occupational pollution and respiratory diseases among farmers from Auvergne using a cross-sectional study. We observed that the halogenated hydrocarbons and Etyl-butoxyacetate were significantly associated with the small airways disease. Benzene concentration in the living room of the farm was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma. Finally, the use of a biomarker (the mercapturic acid) in the context of a case-control study allowed us to measure the internal dose of the exposure to benzene and its link with asthma among children included the study
Kengne, Fotsing Joséphine. "Bio-évaluation des cours d’eau de la région Ouest du Cameroun à l’aide des macroinvertébrés benthiques et construction d’un indice multimétrique régional." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R067/document.
Повний текст джерелаBenthic macroinvertebrates have always been recognized as better tools for bio-assessment of the ecological quality of streams in both tropical and temperate areas. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the water quality of the Western region of Cameroon most degraded by various and multiple anthropogenic activities. From these communities of macroinvertebrates benthic and their ecological preferences at the mesohabitat scale, we resulted to the construction of a bio-assessment index of the ecological quality of streams adapted to this region. From multivariate analyzes, a stream biotypology into the sampled sites, allowed us to identify different distribution patterns, with on the one hand reference sites or non-impacted and the other hand, impacted sites based on the level of urbanization and the nature of the effluents in the different sub-watersheds. A multimetric index of biological quality (MMIWC), measuring the deviation from the reference, could be created, thanks to these two groups of stations. Among the 18 candidate metrics (transformed into Ecological Quality Ratio), we selected metrics with high discrimination efficiency and a low coefficient of variation in the reference conditions. The best performing index include two metrics derived to the taxonomic diversity (Shannon index) and taxonomic composition (1-GOLD). From a test dataset different to learning dataset, we were able to verify that MMIWC was stable in the reference conditions and sensitive to the full range of anthropogenic pressures present in this region, thus confirming its generalist character
BENSAFI, MOHAMMED. "Comportement dynamique de batiments sous sollicitations sismiques : etude de l'entrechoquement." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2057.
Повний текст джерелаHans, Stéphane. "Auscultation dynamique de bâtiments et modélisation par homogénéisation : contribution à l'analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0089.
Повний текст джерелаAn experimental program on real buildings was realized to collect information able to integrate in a diagnosis of seismic vulnerability of the existing building. Three dynamic methods were used : recordings of mechanical ambient noise, measurements under harmonic excitation and measurements under shocks. These measurements lead to good estimations of the modal parameters, and to a realistic characterization of the dynamic behaviour that can be translated by simple beam models like shear beam, flexion beam or Timoshenko beam. Qualitative results were obtained on soil-structure interaction and on the participation of non-structural elements. This study pleads in favour of experimental methods to consolidate the vulnerability diagnosis and in this direction, a determination procedure of integrity criteria for the structures is proposed. About theorical aspects, the modelisation of a periodic simple structure with the homogenisation method of the discrete media brings a justification of continuous models of beam for characterize the dynamic behaviour of the real structures. It also brings a comprehension of the internal behaviour of the structures
Bailly, Patrice. "Effets des explosions sur les constructions chargement et réponse de la structure /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376115304.
Повний текст джерелаBailly, Patrice. "Effets des explosions sur les constructions : chargement et réponse de la structure." Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2042.
Повний текст джерелаGadilhe, Agnès. "Comportement aéraulique des enveloppes de bâtiment : détermination numérique des pressions en façade : Modélisation de la perméabilité à l'air." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0023.
Повний текст джерела[Pressure models provide an attractive tool for the evaluation of the building ventilation. However, further development and validation of these models requires a better understanding of two critical issues : the pressure distribution around the building and the hydrodynamic behaviour of the envelope. The objectives of this thesis are to present a feasibility study of the k-e model for the evaluation of the pressure distribution and to better understand the flow characteristics through the envelope. First, we compare the pressure coefficients on a seven story building obtained by three existing methods : wind tunnel analysis, on site measurements, numerical approach. The comparison of the results of the numerical simulation with the wind tunnel test on two buildings demonstrates the limits and the difficulties of this promising numerical technique. Then we focus on the behaviour of the envelope - interface between inside and outside. A bibliography review and an on site experiment allow us to identify the type, the location and the flow equation of the various air paths. In order to improve our understanding of the flow through every specific building component, we test in our laboratory apparatus the behaviour of cracks and slots. The limits of the pressurization technique and its associated logarithmic law are clarified. ]
Jaffrennou, Cathy. "Effets physico-chimiques de l'immersion accidentelle de charbon." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2005.
Повний текст джерелаThis report deals with the study of the physico-chemical effects after an accidental coal immersion. Coal is a sedimentary rock mainly composed of organic matter (> 50 M %). The organic part contains humic matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sulfur compounds. The inorganic part contains major (> 0,5 %: Al, Ca, Fe, Si. . . ), minor (0,02 -0,5%: Mg, Na …) and trace elements (<0,02%: Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn. . . ), some of the latter being heavy metals. The PAH contents in the various coals used were determined by several extraction methods: they are 0f the order 0f 1 mg kg for the 16 most toxic PAH5. The inorganic phase was analyzed by sequential extraction apart from manganese, which is present in gypsum, the studied metals (AI, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) are present in insoluble minerals such as kaolinite. After mixing with seawater, fluorescence analyses by xenon and LASER excitation, along with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to identify organic compounds dissolved from coal onto seawater: they are humic and fulvic acids. Neither PAHs nor sulfur compounds could be detected. The concentration in humic acid equivalent increases with increasing coal mass and agitation time and intensity, and decreases with increasing grain size. Dissolved inorganic compounds were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy: since they are included in insoluble minerals, most of the analyzed elements were not dissolved, apart from Mn which is dissolved as a sulfate. The Mn concentration increases with increasing Goal mass and agitation time and intensity, and decreases with increasing grain size. It is, in batch, higher than 1. 5 μg L-1, which can be considered as an environmental limit. Several experimentations were eventually conducted in open media this displayed the elimination of thin suspended particles preventing photosynthesis and the dilution of humic acids and Mn due to the continuous seawater renewal. The spreading of a coal pile submitted to a seawater flow was also studied, and it occurs that the tiniest coal particles move faster: they can be dispersed over a distance of 1 km in 10 hours. The environmental impact after an accidental coal immersion remains on the whole limited
Meier, Laurent. "Pollution atmosphérique et asthme." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P112.
Повний текст джерелаPoulin, Carina. "Effets de la pollution lumineuse sur l'écophysiologie de Microcytis aeruginosa." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6078.
Повний текст джерелаCarrié-Aymé, Nathalie. "Analyse des effets du vent sur les structures bâties constructions basses et structures élancées /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376024886.
Повний текст джерелаAYME, CARRIE NATHALIE. "Analyse des effets du vent sur les structures baties : constructions basses et structures elancees." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2051.
Повний текст джерелаRichard, Nicolas. "Approche multi-échelles pour la modélisation de structures en bois sous sollicitations sismiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0010.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Guellec-Pichon Catherine. "Réponse des copépodes harpacticoi͏̈des et de la macrofaune aux traitements expérimentaux de sables pollués par hydrocarbures sur deux plages de la côte nord du Finistère." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2024.
Повний текст джерелаRios, Mora Juan Sebastian. "Optimisation de la gestion de l’impact des polluants gazeux du sol sur la qualité de l’air intérieur." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS035.
Повний текст джерелаPolluted sites and most precisely vapor intrusion represents a potential risk for human health and its environment. Various screening-level and analytical models have been proposed in order to evaluate vapor intrusion and provide assessment tools for exposure risk. However, some in situ investigations show significant differences between predicted and measured indoor concentrations leading eventually to misleading conclusions and inappropriate solution implementations. These uncertainties are mainly associated with a poor characterization of the site, an incomplete modeling of transfer pathways and mechanisms, or by neglecting certain influencing parameters on this transfer. For example, ignoring the lateral source/building separation may serve as possible explanation of the uncertainties presented by the conventional models based on a homogeneous source distribution assumption. The authors agree that lateral migration plays an important role in the attenuation of the indoor concentration. In homogeneous or continuous source scenarios vapors may migrate mainly vertically towards the building. However, lateral source may promote lateral migration to the atmosphere and less into the building generating a greater attenuation of the indoor concentration. In this context, the main objective of this thesis work is to contribute to the improvement of the assessment and management risk tools in order to improve the accuracy of their estimations and increase their range of application. To do this, new vapor intrusion models are developed considering the lateral source/building separation. These models are built on a numerical experimentation and dimensionless analysis based on existing models (semi-empirical models considering a homogeneous source distribution). The combination of these two approaches allows, on the one hand, to maintain the aptitude of the existing models to consider the physical properties of the soil (permeability, diffusion coefficient, …) and the characteristics of the building (type of construction, building depression, volume,…), and on the other hand, to better precise the position of the source in the soil taking into account the influence of the lateral source/building separation in the estimations. From a comparative analysis, the accuracy of these new expressions is verified comparing to the proposed numerical model (CFD), experimental data and existing models in the literature. Finally, the proposed expressions were coupled with a ventilation code (MATHIS-QAI) allowing to better specify indoor characteristics (ventilation system, air permeability of the envelope, volume of the building, …) and estimate indoor air concentration levels as a function of environmental variations (wind speed, outside temperature, …) over time. From a parametric study it was shown that despite the significant impact of the characteristics of the building, the influence of the lateral source/building separation remains predominant on the attenuation of the indoor concentration (attenuation of several orders of magnitude when the source is laterally offset of the building compared to a homogeneous source). However, specifying the characteristics of the building (construction type, ventilation system, air permeability, …) and weather conditions may increase the accuracy of the estimation avoiding the implementation of extreme solutions or insufficient actions
Marin, Radovan [Verfasser]. "The influence of engine and vehicle constructions to fuel consumption and air pollution / Radovan Marin." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209545497/34.
Повний текст джерелаKarray, M'Hamed-Ali. "Etude de l'efficacité d'un système d'isolation à la base avec amortissement par plasticité." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22033.
Повний текст джерелаMahéo, Laurent. "Étude des effets dissipatifs de différents schémas d'intégration temporelle en calcul dynamique par éléments finis." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS082.
Повний текст джерелаThis phd-thesis deals with several time integration algorithms which are used in dynamic computation. The study focuses on their vibration damping properties in order to dissipate spurious oscillations generated by the use of space and time discretizations. The recents Tchamwa-Wielgosz’s explicite scheme and the Bonelli’s one are compared to the classical Bulk-viscosity method and the Runge-Kutta scheme (with a 4-5 order accuracy) for one-dimensional and three-dimensional problems. We notice the effects of the mass matrix (diagonal or consistent) and the time step size on the damping efficiency for each numerical scheme in a one-dimensional problem. We also note that the use of a high-order accuracy scheme can’t prevent the apparition of spurious oscillations. The study goes on with an axisymmetric three-dimensional problem for which we use a Love’s rods numerical solution. We note that the damping of spurious oscillations is less important in three-dimensional problems than in one-dimpensional problems. We also remark the influence of Poisson’s ratio on numerical damping when the bulk-viscosity method is used. Finally, numerical damping can be observed more easily on radial and shear stresses than on axial stresses because they are composed of the highest frequencies and consequently are more damped. The use of damping methods for three-dimensional problems, which come from experiments (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test and transverse impact of a steel plate), is finally studied. Therefore, damping is estimated for experimental and complex examples. Finally, we note the damping efficiency on very highfrequencies. A damping control algorithm is developed for the Tchamwa-Wielgosz’s scheme in order to obtain a damping efficiency during the whole simulation process with an energy control. Damping is realised for each degree-of-freedom of the problem and two nodal variables control the algorithm : acceleration and velocity mean. The algorithm is implemented in the HEREZH++ finite element code which is developed in C++. The results for one-dimensional problems with regular or irregular meshes show a damping efficiency at the beginning of the calculation and an energy drop less important than when a continuous damping is used. This study showed the efficiency of the damping methods to filter spurious oscillations. However, numerical damping excessively attains low-frequency modes. Thus, a new method which controls numerical damping has been developed. The second innovation deals with the study of an explicite time integration algorithm, which belongs to the Finite Element Method. This third order accuracy algorithm can approximate the theoretical solution of a discrete space for a low computational cost
Jemni, Abdelmajid. "Analyse énergétique d'une installation industrielle de chauffage solaire." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0069.
Повний текст джерелаBentayeb, Malek. "Effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur la santé respiratoire des personnes âgées." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066069.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis was to increase knowledge on the respiratory effects of air pollution in the elderly where few data are available. Specific objectives were: (1) To study the relationship between proximity air pollution and respiratory health in elderly (2) To study the relationship between indoor air pollution measured objectively (in French households and in European nursing homes) on respiratory health of elderly (3) to explore the hypothesis of higher susceptibility of the elderly to the effects of outdoor and indoor air pollution. Data from three epidemiological studies based on samples of a general population were used: the three cities study (3C) in the investigation of the effects of outdoor air pollution, the campaign of the French Observatory for Indoor Air Quality (OQAI) and "GERiatric study In Europe on health effects of air quality in nursing homes"(GERIE) to investigate effects of indoor air pollution. Our results are consistent with previous data and suggest that exposure to air pollution (outdoors and indoors), even at lower concentrations, could be significantly related to high prevalence of respiratory health outcomes among elderly more specifically symptoms suggestive of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) such as breathlessness, dyspnea, chronic cough and phlegm, and wheezes suggestive of asthma. The most consistent results were obtained for breathlessness and dyspnea. Some associations were more pronounced in older subjects, this support the hypothesis of greater susceptibility of elderly regarding exposure to air pollution
Semadi, Ammar. "Effets de la pollution atmosphérique (pollution globale, fluorée et plombique) sur la végétation dans la région de Annaba (Algérie)." Grenoble : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375938736.
Повний текст джерелаSemadi, Ammar. "Effets de la pollution atmosphérique (pollution globale, fluorée et plombique) sur la végétation dans la région de Annaba (Algérie)." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066455.
Повний текст джерелаBonnet, Frédéric. "Comportement à moyen et long terme dans le sous-sol de polluants issus du processus de pyrolyse de la houille." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9817.
Повний текст джерелаPérez-Gómez, David. "Seismic reliability of Reinforced Concrete buildings erected on hard soil nearby epicenter (case of Guerrero, Mexico)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1066/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith real information provided by Mexican Institution, we begin this research. The objective is to measure the indexes of reliability of reinforced concrete buildings subjected to real seismic forces with near epicenter, erected on hard soil. There is a need to assess the uncertainty affecting the buildings in the State of Guerrero, since geophysical researches estimate a GAP of area of 220x90 2 km , which will generate an earthquake of Magnitude Mw=8.4. We expect that the predominant period has a range of 0.034 to 0.36 sec [Pérez D. and Mebarki A., 2007]. We achieved this, with the interpretation of 3600 real earthquake from a database of SMIS, selected by their great magnitude and near epicenter. Where the ordinate of the response spectrum of the ground should be superior than the design spectra, thereby considering the buildings that are at greatest risk of damage or collapse. Three proposals for buildings with different resistance emerge, that are: 1. To calculate according to the properties of the materials in the State of Guerrero. 2. To calculate with the properties of the region central of the country [RCDF], as currently done and. 3. To estimate a degradation of resistance of the buildings for the earthquakes suffered in the past. The capacity of lateral resistance of the buildings is considered with two analysis types, that are: 1. Static Adaptive Pushover Analysis [DAP], which measures the level of ductility that develops the building, knowing with this, the yield point and the ultimate capacity of each building. 2. Incremental Dynamic Analysis [IDA], in which the resistance of the building is evaluated in the time-history, with real seismic events scaled to know the duration in which the value of the state limit of the building has been exceeded. We observed that the indexes of reliability in the buildings subject to seismic forces with near epicenter are highly dependent on the conditions of ground and the magnitude of the earthquake. The effects of site changes significantly, when the magnitude of the seismic event increases, that make vary the building reliability indexes. These variations show the great importance and attention that should be devoted to properties of the materials in the State of Guerrero, because they influence significantly the fundamental period of the buildings
Con información real proporcionada por instituciones mexicanas iniciamos este trabajo de investigación. El objetivo es medir los índices de confiabilidad de los edificios de concreto reforzado sometidos a fuerzas sísmicas reales con epicentro cercano, construidos sobre un suelo rígido. Existe una necesidad de valorar la certidumbre en los edificios del estado de Guerrero, debido investigaciones de geofísica que estiman un GAP de área de 220x90 2km que generaría un evento sísmico de magnitud Mw=8.4. Determinamos que el periodo predominante tiene un intervalo de 0.034 a 0.36 [Pérez D. and Mebarki A., 2007]. Logramos esto, con la interpretación de 3600 sismos reales de una base de datos de la SMIS, seleccionados por su gran magnitud y epicentro cercano. Donde la ordenada del espectro de respuesta del suelo debe ser mayor a la del espectro de diseño, con ello considerar a los edificios que se encuentren con mayor riesgo de daño o colapso. Tres propuestas de edificios de diferentes resistencias surgen, que son: 1. Calcular con las propiedades de los materiales del estado de Guerrero. 2. Calcular con las propiedades de la región centro del país [RCDF], como se hace actualmente y, 3. Estimar una degradación de resistencia de los edificios por los sismos sufridos en el pasado. La capacidad de resistencia lateral del edificio se estima con dos tipos análisis, estos son: 1. Static Adaptive Pushover Analysis [DAP], con el cuál medimos el nivel de ductilidad que desarrolla el edificio, conociendo con esto, el punto de fluencia y el de capacidad última de cada edificio. 2. Incremental Dynamic Analysis [IDA], se evalúa la resistencia del edificio en la historia del tiempo, con eventos sísmicos reales escalados para conocer el momento en el cuál el valor del estado límite del edificio ha sido excedido. Se observó que los índices de confiabilidad en los edificios sujetos a fuerzas sísmicas con epicentro cercano, dependen mucho de las condiciones de suelo y la magnitud del sismo. Los efectos de sitio cambian de manera considerable cuando la magnitud del evento sísmico aumenta, lo que hace variar los índices de confiabilidad de los edificios. Esta variación le da importancia a conocer las propiedades de los materiales del estado de Guerrero, porque influyen en el periodo fundamental del edificio
Ghanassia, Elie. "Effets de la morphologie des bâtiments en zones urbaines sur le gisement physique en énergies renouvelables." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2006.
Повний текст джерелаRenewable energies (RE) are a key component of European energy policies. In most of them, solar energy plays a central role. In 2010, 73% of European population is located in urban areas where the majority of building stock and energy demand are located. But renewable energies, especially solar energy, beat pumps or biomass use, require space, and this is problematic in urban areas. Moreover, the RE potential depends of building environment (tree shade effect, surrounding buildings…). Consequently, understanding of relationships between building environment characteristics of one specific area and its renewable energy potential is critical. This PhD is focused on the quantitative impact of buildings' morphologies on the RE potential assessment of an urban area. A complete and generic method is developed to quantify the energy potential received by facades and roofs in urban areas and the technologies (solar and PV panels, beat pumps and biomass equipments) which are suitable for a specific urban fabric
Ejlali, Farid. "Climatologie locale, pollution atmosphérique et leurs effets sur la végétation urbaine à Téhéran." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA01A002.
Повний текст джерела[This research attempt to show the origins of the pollution in the city of Teheran, the distribution of the particules in suspension in the city and its consequences on the trees of the streets and the parcs. The differents types of anticyclonics weathers, the frequence of "calmes" and the basin topography facilitates the formation of a dome of pollution that has problems to evacuate outside. A displacement of the maximum of pollution takes place during the day inside the urban tissue, in relation with the breezes of the slopes. In the morning, a pollution pick is evident in the heart of the city (around 10h). The origins of chemical pollution are internal to the city : traffic and industrial activities. Event though they are diffused the maximum remains in the south and center east. The physical pollution, particles come from the southern extra urban deserts and penetrate into the city through the south gully. From the point of view of microclimatology and topoclimatology the center and center south sectors of the city are therefore the most hit. The trees of the sidewalks and for the parks and gardens are in a better sanitary state and their growth is more rapid in this sector. This paradox allows us to conclude that pollution is not the major problem of ligneous trees. The planes, in particular, must suffer from a lack of water at the level of their rooting system much more than from a physical or chemical modification of the urban atmosphere. ]
Dissou, Latifatou. "Toxicologie de la pollution par les oxydes d'azote." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P133.
Повний текст джерелаCasabianca, Anne. "Recyclage et contrôle de la pollution : Une analyse économique avec application aux déchets du Bâtiment." Corte, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CORT1031.
Повний текст джерелаWe propose in this research an economic analysis of the waste management in the Building Industry. For this purpose, we utilise four stages. The first chapter examines all the particular characteristics of to the organizational structure of the Building Industry. Contrary to the existing literature, and to take into account the recycling, we present a vision widened by the industry based on the cycle of life of the building. That is why we insist on an important point : the distinction between the activities of manufactoring of the materials and the the acte to build. In the second chapter, we draw up, first of all, an inventory of fixtures concerning the production and the management of the waste. Then, we would try to identify the economic, technological and statutory constraints which meet firms in the management of the waste. In the third chapter, our objective is to put the theoretical ranging-poles allowing to study the recycling of the waste. Two big economic fields of the literature seems to have been interseted in this problem. Certain mondels show that the implementation of a technology of recycling establishes an effective means of conservation of natural resources, the recycled resources being substitued for natural ressources. Others show that the implementation of a technology of recycling allows to reduce the environmental damage and establishes a means of more respectful treatment of the environment. In the fourth chapter, we shall propose a dynamic partial equilibrium model, based on the optimal control theory, allowing to draw that could be the environmental policy to be put opens it with the aim of regulating the treatment of the waste in the Building Industry
Labranche, Nathalie. "Les effets des microparticules diesel sur la fonction vasculaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/240966/3/These_NL.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ndong, Awa. "Pollution de l'air extérieur et intérieur à Dakar (Sénégal) : caractérisation de la pollution, impact toxicologique et évaluation épidémiologique des effets sanitaires." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0510/document.
Повний текст джерелаAir pollution is nowadays a major societal challenge, as much for its harmful consequences on human health as on the environment. The general objective of this work was to determine the level of Dakar air pollution, outdoor and indoor, and to assess its health impact in the urban population. Fine particles (PM₂.₅) and a coarser fraction (PM>₂.₅) sampled at an urban site in Dakar (HLM), characterized by high road traffic emissions, were compared with particles sampled at a rural area, Toubab Dialaw located about 40 km from Dakar. The physicochemical characteristics of samples revealed that PMs differ for their physical (surface area) and chemical properties (in terms of CHN, metals, ions, paraffins, VOCs and PAHs) that were 65 to 75 % higher in urban samples. In accordance with the different sources and different physical and chemical properties, the inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and the oxidative damage (total carbonylated proteins and 8-OHdG) were found higher in bronchial BEAS-2B cells exposed to urban PMs. The air quality measurement campaign showed that the bus interior was more polluted with PM₁₀, CO, CO₂ and NO than the market and the urban and rural indoor sites. The comparison of air quality between indoor and outdoor sites revealed that, particularly in urban areas, indoor air quality may be worse than the corresponding outdoor one. Monitoring individual exposure to pollutants showed that housewives in urban and rural sites were more exposed than professionals to air pollution, confirming previous observations of potential higher individual exposure level to pollutants in indoor environment. However, exposure level of traders and bus drivers that would result from the exhaust of traffic with often old, poorly maintained and uncontrolled vehicles has to be taken into consideration due the higher levels of gaseous pollutants here reported
Lavaine, Emmanuelle. "Les Inégalités sociales de santé liées aux effets de la pollution sur la santé." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010047/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany pollutants are declining throughout the industrialized world. However, exposure to air pollution, even at the levels commonly achieved nowadays in European countries, still leads to adverse health effects. In this context, there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution. The thesis aims to examine health impacts linked to environmental pollution by sheding light on their macroeconomic consequences. The first objective of the thesis is to explore empirically the relations between socio-economic status, environmental exposures and health outcomes. Through econometric analysis, we study the total mortality rate in relation to socioeconomic status and air pollution for the French department, and the effect of energy production on new born health using a recent strike that affected oil refineries in France as a natural experiment. Finally, the last part of the thesis tries to draw inferences about individuals' valuations of risk by combining estimates of the effect of air pollution on bath property values and hospital respiratory admissions for respiratory causes
Kamel, Wae͏̈l. "Contribution à l'étude de la modélisation du comportement hygrothermique de parois de bâtiment avec ou sans effets d'hystérésis." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30049.
Повний текст джерелаEspinouze, Sandrine. "Loi du maximum d'un processus stationnaire solution d'une équation différentielle stochastique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21361.
Повний текст джерелаKERN, THIERRY. "Les effets extra-auditifs du bruit sur la sante : etat des connaissances en 1994." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15098.
Повний текст джерелаTHENOZ, BROCHET SOPHIE. "Aspects climatiques et geographiques de la differenciation des effets des pollutions atmospheriques : regions temperee et nordique." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10738.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Thi-Phuong. "Etude des effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur la dégradation de la gélatine photographique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES101.
Повний текст джерелаDesmarchelier, David. "Pollution externalities : a source of endogenous business cycles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12013/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince Zhang (1999), a rising number of contributions explore channels by which pollution can induce endogenous business cycles. We believe that this research line is of great interest because it reconciles the short run imperative of policy leaders and the long run imperative of environmental preservation. Consequently, the present dissertation aims to contribute to this strand of literature by pointing out new channels by which pollution can induce endogenous business cycles.Chapters 1, 2 and 3 depart from some new empirical findings who stress nonmarginal negative effect of pollution on labor productivity and on labor supply. Within those chapters, we show that such pollution effects can lead to deterministic cycles as well as stochastic fluctuations around the steady state.The chapter 4 is devoted to the study of the already existing green fiscal policies in most of OECD countries. We show in particular that their well-known regressivity, with respect to households' incomes, may promote sunspot equilibria
Laville, Nathalie. "Évaluation de l'(éco-)toxicité et du potentiel perturbateur endocrinien de contaminants aquatiques à l'aide de modèles cellulaires humains et de poisson." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20208.
Повний текст джерелаDEROUBAIX, CHRISTOPHE. "Etude in vitro des effets de no2 a faible concentration sur les macrophages alveolaires." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M275.
Повний текст джерелаRoche-Rajot, Hélène. "Réponses des paramètres sanguins d'un poisson marin, le loup (Dicentrarchus labrax), à l'évolution des conditions environnementales : effets des modifications de nature physique (salinité et température) et chimique (xénobiotiques)." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10069.
Повний текст джерелаKaigate, Boonsong. "Epuration des eaux chargées en cadmium et en nickel." Chambéry, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CHAMS008.
Повний текст джерелаAudebrand, Michel. "Etude des polluants particulaires de l'atmosphère par spectroscopie de vibration et de leur rétention par l'appareil respiratoire." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10503.
Повний текст джерелаBensoussan, Hélène. "Effets d'une contamination à l'uranium sur le système cholinergique : approches in vivo et in vitro." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T073.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Romdhane Safa. "Effets du climat et de la pollution de l'air sur la santé respiratoire à Tunis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC027/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as Grand Tunis or Tunis, presents a vulnerability to air pollution due to the high concentrations of population and the infrastructures characterizing its territory. Ozone (O3) and particles (PM10) often exceed the Tunisian thresholds for these pollutants. As for the international standards set by the WHO (world health organization), they have not been met infrequently.The respiratory tract is a preferred route of exposure to aggressions related to the environment. Many lung diseases are directly linked to inhalation of pollutants in the atmosphere. The influences of climate mechanisms on respiratory health are also very extensive, including extreme weather events, also called weather paroxysms.The main objective of this thesis was to characterize the impact of environmental factors, climate and atmospheric pollutants on respiratory health in Grand Tunis. We have chosen to quantify this relationship from the biometeorological indicators and absolute thresholds of meteorological stress, specific Tunisian climate, and air quality to predict episodes at risk for respiratory health and thresholds of weather variables and air quality resulting in excess hospital admissions for respiratory causes. And this from the climate extremes of the parameters affecting the respiratory health : temperature, relative humidity and maximum wind speed. We, too, set realistic standards for air quality, relative to O3 and PM10, identifying critical thresholds excess hospitalizations in Grand Tunis and can be applied throughout the country. Given the effect of some climatic parameters on the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere, we also studied the relationship between climatic parameters and pollutants of O3 and PM10. The results of this study reveal that, throughout the year, Tunisians are confronted with at least an environmental risk : photochemical pollution and heat waves, which are very responsive during the hot season ; during the cold season, it is the risk of cold and particulate pollution; and during the off-season, biological pollution, together with pollen, is more at risk. However, short-term exposure to these risks, the worsening of the respiratory illness or irritation of the respiratory system is real. This study showed that the development and worsening of respiratory diseases appear to result from a complex interplay of individual and environmental factors. They are mainly in relation to time, air quality and atopy. The importance of these factors varies the respective disease. Moreover, the low socioeconomic status of the family increases the likelihood of being exposed to more of these risk factors. Added to this are behavioral factors such as alcohol, active and passive smoking