Дисертації з теми "Construction verte"
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Verner, Lorraine. "Qu'est-ce que penser en art ? du "conventionnalisme" de Marcel Duchamp et la construction des notes de la Boîte verte." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0317.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to make visible his ideas of reality, marcel duchamp (1887-1968) attempts to rethink the relationships between the visual ant the conceptual in art, and calls on an approach to reality which is informed by geometry. In this respect, he introduces into the ream of art 19th and turn of this century concepts of philosophy of mathematics, notably those of french mathematician and philosopher henri poincare (1854-1912), in particular from the foundations of science : science and hypothesis (1902), the value of science (1905)n science and method (1908), mathematics and science : last essays (1913). It is the criticism of a notion of realism which favors conceptual expression in art which led marcel duchamp to a reflexion on formal structure inspired from the geometric concept of group of transformations. Group of transformations is a key concept of the conventionalist philosophy of henri poincare. This thesis attemps to understand the nature of the philosophical and the mathematical recurrence in marcel duchamp's work, particulary so in the context of the hundred or so notes which contitutes the green box (the bride stripped bare by her bachelors even) written from 1911 to 1923 and published in 1934. The thesis draws upon certain meaningful connections among the notes in discussing how the concept of group of transformations takes shape in the green box and thus informs general structure of the large glass
Jean, Marc Alexandre. "Développement d'une méthode verte pour la construction des γ-hydroxybuténolides et synthèse de produits naturels et d'une nouvelle classe de peptidomimétiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31594.
Повний текст джерелаThe work accomplished concerns primarily the total synthesis of biologically important organic molecules including secondary metabolites and non-natural compounds. Importantly, this research also led to the discovery and development of new methodology for the synthesis of oxygen heterocycles. First, a concise, biomimetic route to paracaseolide A is described. This complex molecule was synthesized in 4 or 5 steps via akolactone A, a natural product itself that is assumed to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of paracaseolide A. Key steps include (i) regiocontrolled aldol reaction of α–angelica lactone with myristyl aldehyde, (ii) oxyfunctionalization of a 2-silyloxyfuran to generate an (E)–α–alkylidene–γ–hydroxy butenolide, and (iii) Diels-Alder dimerization of the latter and in situ cyclodehydration to provide paracaseolide A. The stereochemical outcome of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition is discussed. In addition, the synthesis allowed the discovery of three unprecedented transformations, notably the conversion of α–alkylidenebutenolides to γ–hydroxybutenolides and 2-silyloxyfurans, and the aerobic oxidation of the latter. In particular, a new, green and practical method was developed for converting 2-silyloxyfurans to γ–hydroxybutenolides using oxygen as oxidant. A mechanism for this autoxidation is proposed, supported by control experiments and the isolation of side products. The utility of this method was demonstrated by a short synthesis of isofugomycin (5 steps, 35% overall yield). Following on from our interest in polycyclic terpenoids, and more precisely the labdane family, we developed a unified route to three structurally novel secondary metabolites, namely, amomaxin A and B and ottensidione. These molecules contain a nine-membered carbocycle which is rarely encountered in Nature. All three targets were assembled from a common precursor, obtained in 16 steps from (+) - sclareolide. The route entailed judicious application of several important reactions, including Grob/Wharton fragmentation and ring closing metathesis (RCM). The synthesis enabled establishment of the correct stereochemistry of amomaxin A, which was misassigned in the original publication. In a related project, we corrected the structure of a new labdane natural product, independently isolated from two Alpinia plants by different research groups, by careful analysis of the reported spectroscopic data and NMR comparison of the chemical shifts with those of ottensinin. vi Finally, we developed a diversity - oriented synthesis of non - symmetric, diol - based peptidomimetics as potential protease inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The route begins from a readily available carbohydrate building - block and makes use of conjugated addition as a key step. It allows divergence at four distinct points, thereby generating a library of new, drug-like compounds for biological screening.
Kohandelnia, Mojtaba. "Development of self-consolidating earth concrete (SCEC) with improved multifunctional performan ce for green construction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS011.
Повний текст джерелаThe earth construction is identified as a green construction by using locally available materials with low environmental impacts and superior thermal performance. Besides all the advantages of this construction material, the casting process can be very time and energy consuming due to the nature of dynamic compaction. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of achieving self-consolidating earth concrete (SCEC) with introduction of its potential challenges and investigating its rheo-thermomechanical performance. As the first challenge, the presence of fine particles in earth, especially clay, can hinder the flowability of SCEC. Promoting the setting time is the second challenge due to the low cement content. The last challenge comes from the diversity of earth with different behaviors which makes it difficult to propose a comprehensive guideline to design SCEC.Potential solutions were introduced to achieve SCEC and address the inefficiency of earth materials. The main objective was to understand the efficiency of different chemical admixtures in presence of various ternary powder systems (i.e., clay, silt, and cement). A new concrete-equivalent mortar (CEM) approach was introduced in the Phase 3. Accordingly, the CEM and concrete mixtures were investigated to verify the feasibility of SCEC. The hygrothermal and microstructural characteristics of the selected SCEC mixtures were investigated. This novel material offers a new microstructural system, hence leading to a different hygrothermal performance compared to conventional earthen materials
Brun-Dhaouadi, Dora. "De la construction à la vente du navire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c0f3bba9-1d8a-4323-8996-739a01aed770.
Повний текст джерелаThe maritime community appears to be populated by actors who are involved in the ship field while interacting for its sale, its future performance in operation. These operators are given for logistical and financial challenges, hence this diversity of lawsuits which reveal the complexity of the relationships regarding the contracts linked to the ship, from its construction, its sale to its operation implementation. The shipbuilder is the key operator in this field. The obligations of the shipyard, so far constrained by the guarantee of the latent defect legal framework, are numerous and tough so well that the shipbuilder is deemed to ensure the vessel seaworthiness from its delivery to its performance in operation. The cleverness of the ship's legal regime lies in its very special status, which borrows rules derived from bath special and common French law, so that the contractual framework reveals the particularism of maritime law. Thus, the ship represents a large-scale operation because it’s subject to major financial challenges and spin-offs. That’s obvious that the vessel is more sophisticated, more expensive, and therefore, the resulting operations are a source of cumbersome litigation which are solved by complex procedural mechanisms that State and Arbitration courts strive to control
Alonso, Ramos Margarita. "Étude sémantico-syntaxique des constructions à verbe support." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0013/NQ39717.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIyeiri, Yoko. "Negative constructions in selected Middle English verse texts." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2795.
Повний текст джерелаAlonso, Ramos Margarita. "Étude sémantico-syntaxique des constructions à verbe support /." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NQ39717.
Повний текст джерела"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph. D.) en linguistique." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Rebaï, Abdelwaheb. "La vente d'immeuble à construire en droit tunisien /." Paris : LGDJ, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/369014863.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMarsac, Fabrice. "Les constructions infinitives régies par un verbe de perception." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MARSAC_Fabrice_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis study deals with infinitive constructions in French governed by a verb of percption and falls within crossroads of semantico-logical, cognitive and syntactic approaches. .
Frappat, Luc. "Construction des opérateurs de vertex dans les algèbres et superalgèbres affines." Chambéry, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CHAMA003.
Повний текст джерелаChelebourg, Christian. "Poétique de l’imaginaire : construction du texte et construction de l’imaginaire dans les Voyages extraordinaires de Jules Verne." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL006.
Повний текст джерелаThe genetic function of the imaginary consists in the instauration of infra-linguistic generators due to the conflict of unconscious pulsions, conscious desires and realities which are opposed to the subject's satisfaction. In Verne’s works, optic generators are linked to the father-image and oral generators to the mother-image. The former give rise to scientific discourse and social thought; they also outline the sexual and sentimental dimensions of the novels. The latter give rise to a projection of this body-imageon the map of the world; they oblige the author to create a geographical relationship with space as a whole. They force him to narrate journeys in novel forms. Through his writing, Verne aims to gain recognition in order to take revenge for parental and sentimental problems, and to make himself independent. The molding function consists in the instauration of motives which, while respecting infra-language implications, determin the use of the figurative meaning and the weaving of fiction. The complementarity of both function shows that the imaginery is doubly articulated to the pulsions by infra-language and to the language by the moulding motives
HAN, SUNHAE. "Les predicats nominaux en coreen. Constructions a verbe support hata." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070002.
Повний текст джерелаPraet, Pascale Van. "L'énoncé réflexif et la réflexivité du verbe en allemand moderne." Lille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL30003.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis takes up the question of the reflexive utterance in modern German. It sets the German reflexive in the typological context of the reflexives strategies in the European languages and studies its relationships with other types of utterance such as the active, the passive, the causative, the antipassive and the impersonal. It leads to the necessity of considering the German reflexive as an independent way whose unity is based on the locking up of the process on itself. A morphological study underlines the great number of verbal complexes which are formed through a preverb. In parallel, a syntaxic study of the very care of the utterance, the verbal nucleus, sets up a grading of the verbs according to the criterion of full actant of the reflexive marker and clears a bipartition between reflective and reflexive verbs. The quantitative study of verbs called reflective drawn from a corpus states that reflective verbs are an anecdotal phenomenon in the general context of the reflexivity. The observation of actance structures in reflexive utterances concludes with an almost equal distribution between bi- and monoactancial structures. A semantic study of reflexive processes highlights the leading role of the preverb and concludes that the presence of the reflexive marker favours the domination of the preverb within the predicative complex. It draws syntaxic and pragmatic criteria which can explain the sporadic presence of the reflexive marking in certain reflexive predications. It defines at last semantic features of reflexive processes of which the subject is an agent and of the processes of which the subject is a patient and so establishes a few semantic families
Perek, Florent. "Verbs, Constructions, Alternations : Usage-based perspectives on argument realization." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30036.
Повний текст джерелаThe general goal of this thesis is to investigate to what extent the grammar of verbs, also called argument realization, can be based on linguistic usage. The usage-based approach is a recent paradigm shift in linguistics which takes the view that grammar is a dynamic inventory of symbolic conventions that emerges through, and is likewise shaped by, actual language use. Adopting a constructional approach to argument structure and on the basis of English data, we address the question of the usage basis of argument realization at three levels of organization.At the level of verbs, we compare experimental results to usage data, and find that more frequent valency patterns of a verb are processed more easily. These findings provide evidence for the usage basis of valency. At the level of constructions, we show that, in the case of the conative construction, it is possible to formulate constructional generalizations on the basis of verbal meaning at the level of semantically defined verb classes, but not so easily at the most abstract level. We take this as further evidence of the importance of lower-level schemas over broad generalizations. At the level of alternations, we present usage-based evidence that productivity can be based on alternation relations. We report that the dative alternation displays a productivity asymmetry, and we show that these differences can be explained by corresponding asymmetries in type frequencies
Bak, Monika. "Les constructions verbe causatif + nom d’émotion : aspects linguistiques et pistes didactiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes a study the linguistic relationships between nominal predicates and causative verbs the names of emotions and causative verbs according to the methodology established in the ANR-DFG Emolex project (www.emolex.eu). This work lies in linking linguistic descriptions of collocations V + N in the cause and didactic transposition of these constructions from the observation of the corpus, which is still little discussed in the didactic of French as a Foreign Language (FLE). We aim to meet three main objectives: 1) to identify the most "representatives" collocations in the corpus according to degree of attraction of their components, based on lexical and statistical methods ; 2) the identification of syntactic-semantic relations between their components; 3) didactic application of the results of linguistic research in a didactic perspective of FLE in particular by making mind maps. Mind maps provide innovative ways for teaching/ learning these language elements to non-native Francophone students (Cavalla et al. 2015)
Traisnel, Jean-Pierre. "Le métal et le verre dans l'architecture en France : du mur à la façade légère." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081343.
Повний текст джерелаChanges occurred by using iron and steel in architecture in france, from the 19th century onwards, did not concern the structure only. The iron skeleton led the way for light cladding materials : sheet metal, for prefabricated houses which were shipped to colonies, and panes of glass for large urban buildings (railway stations, covered markets, department stores). These two materials contributed to the spreading of the industrial revolution through the city, with the help of hygienist theories (the combined search for air, heat and light), that prevailed until the middle of the 20th century. As the sheet metal and the pane of glass, compared with the masonry wall, rapidly showed their weakness in the case of extreme heat and cold, the thermal control matter is thus emphasised. Technical solutions issued from the experimental field of tropical construction: the metal wall foretold the light panel of the curtain wall, then the principle of double envelope of glass and steel was established. The environmental knowledge that specifies physical exchanges between the building and the city is analysed, as well as the structural knowledge, when designers and builders experimented the wall and the iron frame. Metal and glass buildings are then considered in their urban context, in order to explore the environmental control approaches. These case studies show that hygienist and thermal concerns are predominant in the architectural design during these two centuries ; today, with intelligent control systems, the transparent walls can react to the changing qualities of heat and light outside, and out-perform thick masonry walls
Kim, Shin-Ho. "Etude de la construction infinitive du verbe causatif de mouvement ( distributionnelle et transformationnelle )." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20031.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis consists of two major parts about the analysis of the causative movement verb-structure : distributional and transformational analysis. In the first chapter, we have given an account of various infinitive constructions of the causative movement verb in the distributional framework. With the criteria of the definition and of the classes of this verb, we have enumerated the syntactic properties of these constructions. In the base of the distinction between nuclear complements and peripheric complements, we have finally established the comparative table of the different syntactic behaviours of the three infinitive-complements. In the second chapter based on the generativetransformational theories, we have applied three major principles (ssc, oc, bt) to the cl-pl in the constructions of the causative verb, the perception verb, and the causative movement verb. Thus, from the given facts observed from the distributional point of view, we could integrate the syntactic specification of the causative movement verb-structure in the generative-transformational framework with certain modifications of the rules adopted
Watson, Katherine. "The genius and construction of our Saxon poetry: old and middle English verse." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29224.
Повний текст джерелаTan, Shaobin. "A study of vertex operator constructions for some infinite dimensional Lie algebras." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/NQ27433.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMartinez, Blasco Iván. "Etude, analyse contrastive et traduction espagnol-français des constructions à verbe support." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131026.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims to provide some answers to three basic questions concerning light verb structures: its identification, delimitation of other combinations that share the same surface structure and a review of its classical definition. Once identified and defined the object of our study, we adopt the linguistic theory of employ (G. Gross 2012), which allows us to approach light verbs from two perspectives: the contrastive study of French-Spanish light verbs and its translation
Vernier, Melissa. "La photographie comme document historique : la représentation des femmes autochtones du diocèse anglican de Moosonee." Acfas-Sudbury, 2006. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/73.
Повний текст джерелаLeparoux, Nicolas. "La vente d'immeuble à rénover : analyse critique et comparative." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10076.
Повний текст джерелаNayfeh, Mohamad. "A combination of cyclone and vert techniques for the management of construction projects." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14280/.
Повний текст джерелаBatoux, Dominique. "La détermination du nom dans les constructions prédicatives à verbe support en allemand." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10040.
Повний текст джерелаGerman predicative phrases with support-verbs are complex nominal predicates whose semantic and syntatic heads are abstract nouns (npred). Whereas many studies have highlighted the verbal part of these constructions called "funktionsverbgefuge", we have looked more particularly at their nominal part, because it is the npred associated to a support-verb (vsup), like a tool, which constitutes the predicate of the sentence. These expressions are die flucht ergreifen, angst haben, eine rede halten. The npred is a substantive with the characteristics of a noun - it has a capital letter, a determiner and may have an adjective -,but like a verb, it has a valential programme and thus also functions with arguments : this is why its statute is both (+nominal) and (+verbal), and why it is sometimes constructed like a separate noun distinct from the vsup, and other times like a noun which forms with it an indissociable whole. Our study is devoted to the determiner of the npred and has two main parts. First we have shown that the rules concerning the three main determiners - det o, ein- (indefinite) and d- (definite), which are used in non-predicative nominal groups, are often true for the predicative ones, and that the semantics of the vsup, the presence of a modifier, the semantics of the npred (countable or uncountable), could also be a motivation for its use. We then have classified these phrases according to whether the use of the determiner is fixed or not, to make a sort of dictionary which has now about 5400 expressions, classified as detclas1 and detclas2. Finally we have noted that set constructions are by far the least numerous and that the utterer finds himself free to decide, in a way which defies all dictionaries
Bernard, Fabrice. "Sur le dimensionnement des structures en verre trempé : étude des zones de connexion." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0042.
Повний текст джерелаRoussel, Fabien. "Géographie de la végétation aux environs de Paris : le cas de la Ceinture verte d’Île-de-France. Fragmentation paysagère, enjeux socio-environnementaux, (dé)constructions territoriales." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD079/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the surroundings of Paris, between the urban heart and the rural outer ring, between the city and the countryside, lies an hybrid area mainly composed of vegetation spaces – woodland, cropland, spontaneous vegetation – which are fragmented by the urban sprawl. In the early 1980’s, the Île-de-France regional Council sought to protect those in-between spaces by promoting a Green belt. In the case of Paris, due to a lack of law support, confusions in the boundaries and evolving functions, the implementation of this planning tool, developed to contain urban sprawl along the 20th century, failed. Meanwhile, the area of the Green belt has never stopped gaining environmental attention from city dwellers. There, they especially seek a quality of life and leasures in « natural » landscapes, they are concerned about biodiversity preservation, they wish to benefit from ecosytem services. This thesis shows the impact of socio-environmental expectations on vegetation spaces by shaping or dismantling territories, depending on the attractiveness of the vegetation or its neglect. Hence, by highlighting the anthropogenic characteristics of plants, our work shows the social dimension of vegetation, despite the environmental intentions. Geomatic methods, landscape analysis and biogeography methods (statistical analysis of botanical data) are conveyed in the spirit of a renewed environmental geography which mingles physical and human geography. In the Île-de-France Green belt, environmental issues serve urban planning objectives, i.e. contribute to the quality of life in the wealthier parts (Vallée de Chevreuse is used as an example here) and put into urban order the less integrated areas (Plaine de Pierrelaye illustrates this aspect). As a result, a domesticated, gardened, even urbanised type of nature is being created in the surroudings of Paris
Chad, Mohammed. "Systeme verbal arabe : regime des constructions transitives." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070036.
Повний текст джерелаThis research consists in a systematic analysis of the verbal constructions of classical arabic, in particular an analysis of simple transitive sentences. An investigation of the work of traditional grammarians has led us to reformulate certain criteria of transitivity, and re-examine the problem of word order in these constructions. The relationship between transitivity and intransitivity is studied from the viewpoint of morphosyntactic relations : middle forms, reflexive forms, etc. We then study the characteristics of certain complements, including the dative and locative. Finally, we present a commentary on the verb classes, which have been grouped into 13 tables according to their morphological, syntactical and distributional regularities
Vendredi-Auzanneau, Christine. "L'utilisation du verre dans l'architecture : l'exemple pragois 1890-1990." Paris, EPHE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPHE4012.
Повний текст джерелаKoné, Moussa. "La vente d'immeuble et la protection de l'environnement." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0208.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to the article 2 of the Charter of the environment : “Every person has duty to take part in preservation and in improvment of the environment”. The article L. 200-2 of Code Rural specifies : “laws and regulations organize the right to each to a healthy environment and contribute to assure a harmonious equilibrium between the urban zones and country zones. It is the duty of each to look after maintenance and to contribute of the protection of environment. The private and public persons must do in all activities, to conform to the same requirements”. As a result, the public persons and private persons have to participate to safeguard nature. In addition, the persons implicated in the act of cession of real estates would not know how to infringe. So how this defence of the environment is done? In the first approach, real estates are sold to the purchasers having protection of environment as mission. Nevertheless, these protectors of environment are not the only possible purchasers for sale real estates. To allow acquiring such things, these last have to benefit privilege constraining the sellers to give to them up such property. This privilege is known under the name of right of pre-emption. Once acquired, these properties must be preserved to assure the maintenance of nature. In the second approach, the real states are bought by persons no eager to protect environment even if they are guest to do it by the law. How to assure the maintenance of nature? It results simply from the defense of the purchasers of real estates. In spite of the insufficiency of the protection environment during the sale of real estates, this operation remains an essential link in the defense of nature. Every year, thousands of properties are sold. These thousands persons implicated in such settlements remains major actors in the protection of environment
Stunell, Kari. "La construction du sens dans les verbes à particule et les verbes prépositionnels anglais ; étude de over." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores the construction of sense in English particle and prepositional verbs. It departs from the premise that meaning is something constructed during the process of situated usage. A corpus of 286 combinations formed through the association of a verbal element with over are analysed in context in order to identify the various factors which influence final semantic interpretation. A particular focus of the study is the relationship between form and meaning. The relationship between syntactic configuration and semantic interpretation is investigated and the various ways in which the number and nature of the verbal and/or prepositional arguments can impact semantic interpretation is explored. The role of the extralinguistic in the construction of sense is examined. The major theoretical questions dealt with concern the categorisation of particles and prepositions, the interaction between particle/prepositional semantics and verbal semantics, the internal structure of particle verbs, and the reasons why the particle in a particle verb can either precede or follow the verbal object. The study also explores several more general areas of linguistic investigation including the conceptualisation of movement, resultativity, transitivity and polysemy. During the course of the study a wide range of factors which influence the final semantic interpretation of particle and prepositional verbs in English are identified
Teissonniere, Perrine Myriam. "Le droit pénal de l'opération de construction immobilière." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10053.
Повний текст джерелаBohadana, Ingrid Pontes Barata. "Avaliação de habitação de interesse social rural, construída com fardos de palha, terra e cobertura verde, segundo critérios de sustentabilidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12576.
Повний текст джерелаProposal: the construction industry is responsible for a large consumption of energy and resources, and produces a large amount of wastes, determining considerable environmental impacts. Some alternatives to build in a way to reduce environmental impacts include the use of renewable materials and the use of materials which require minimum amount of processing, such as straw and earth. Nevertheless, these materials are hardly ever referred to in green building classification systems. Many buildings classified as environmentally friendly or green may simply reflect efforts to reduce the embodied energy and are, in most other aspects, conventional. Objective: considering the identified gap, this work’s aim is to evaluate a low-income rural house, built with straw bales, earth and a green roof. Methods: the assessment criteria definition was based on those traditionally included in existent methods, but adapted in accordance to national acessible data and proceedings. Besides environmental criteria, others like social and economics, were included. The results presentation in three analysis scales (of the construction, as a whole, of the subsystems and of the materials) allows the identification of the potencially most impacting materials and subsystems, expliciting the dwelling weak points, and facilitates total or partial comparision with other similar researchs results. Findings: a large number of materials that emit toxic gases, besides having a high energy consumption for materials transport, was identified. However, due to the predominant use of materials with a minimum processing, a low energy consumption for materials production and a sactisfatory reuse potential was identified. The dwelling’s initial costs are low, if compared to low-income houses built with conventional materials, becoming average, in regard to those built with non-convetional materials. In social terms, it was verified that the construction solutions are suitable to self-building and to rescue the ability of working cooperatively, and that the dwelling’s design does not supply the minimum requirement for spatial acessibility.
Bonami, Olivier. "Les constructions du verbe : le cas des groupes prépositionnels argumentaux : analyse syntaxique, sémantique et lexicale." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070070.
Повний текст джерелаRepaire, Sébastien. "La nature contre l'État ? : construction et structuration de l'écologie politique en France de la fin des années 1970 au début des années 1990." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0013.
Повний текст джерелаThe 1980s saw the environmentalism become a structured political force, embodied by a political party, and represented at almost all elections. At first, this process is not self-evident. At the end of the 1970s, the environmental movement refused to put in place long-term structures and rejected any prospect of winning power, since the state was most often seen as a cold, technocratic monster, of which it was first of all necessary to reduce the place to free civil society. The change of course began at the turn of the decade and was confirmed in 1984 with the creation of Les Verts. This evolution is due in particular to the European context, the good scores obtained by other European green parties, such as Die Grünen in the FRG, creating a context of favorable emulation. From 1986, the French Greens change their point of view concerning the conquest of power: the candidatures they present are no longer testimony, but are aimed at obtaining elected representatives. This shift is accompanied by a deep reflection on the nature of the Green Party: should it ally with alternative left, or the Socialist Party, or should it remain strictly independent? While they chose to favor this second option, the Greens get good scores, and elected officials, during the municipal and European elections in 1989. The success is such that new parties claiming environmentalism – Génération Écologie – or ecosocialism – L’Alternative rouge et verte – are developing. However, in 1993, a change of majority within the party places the Greens on another path, that of an alliance with the Left
Stunell, Kari Ann. "La construction du sens dans les verbes à particule et les verbes prépositionnels anglais ; étude de over." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834713.
Повний текст джерелаBilbiie, Gabriela. "Grammaire des constructions elliptiques : une étude comparative des phrases sans verbe en roumain et en français." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070118.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, I propose a grammar fragment which accounts for the main properties of two elliptical constructions ('lacking' for the verbal head) called gapping (la) and verbless relative adjuncts (therefore, VRA) (Ib) respectively. (1) a/ Jean aime les pommes [et Marie les bananes]. Jean likes apples and Maria bananas b/ Plusieurs personnes sont venues cette semaine, [dont Marie (hier)]. Several people have corne this week, among which Marie yesterday We mainly argue for the fact that elliptical clauses in gapping and VRA constructions don't behave as regular verbal clauses. Their syntactic and semantic properties don't provide evidence for deriving this kind of elliptical clause from a complete clause. An analysis in terms of syntactic reconstruction of the missing material is therefore inadequate. Thus, the elliptical clause in both constructions (gapping and VRA) has a specific syntactic behaviour and must be assigned an independent status in the grammar, more precisely the status of a fragmentary clause, that is a syntactic unit having a propositional content of message type, but an incomplete syntax. This dissertation gives new arguments in favor of a semantic reconstruction with parallelism constraints, cf. Ginzburg & Sag (2000), Culicover & Jackendoff (2005)
Ogata, Kozué. "La notion de verbe support a travers les constructions francaises en faire et japonaises en suru." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070027.
Повний текст джерелаOgata, Kozué. "La Notion de verbe support à travers les constructions françaises en "faire" et japonaises en "suru"." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608524p.
Повний текст джерелаCarré, Coursaris Anne-Laure. "Construire en verre : de nouveaux matériaux pour l'architecture 1881-1937." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040176.
Повний текст джерелаAt the end of the 19th century glass making is still a traditional industry. The transformations begin with innovations in the pivotal element of glass production: the furnace. Three types of glass are used in construction. Window glass, blown by mouth is the most common type. High quality plate glass, cast and polished is the most expensive. Finally, rolled glass is a hybrid product which combines the fabrication techniques of the latter and the end use of the former this third type is at the base of a "range" of glazing products, developed from the 1890's onwards. Recommended by the hygienist movement, this last type will be specified in areas requiring indirect light. The properties of glass, transparent, translucid, reflective and its qualities as a smooth, jointless and washable material make it a very attractive product. Glass cast in the forms of roof tiles, paviours, blocks or bricks used with steel frames and the development of reinforced concrete techniques create opportunities for more structural uses. New uses beyond simple glazing such as in translucid floors or lighting walls transform the image of glass. The all glass house becomes possible. The period between the two world wars is a difficult time as manufacturers struggle to implement changes. Mouth blowing is finally abandoned but despite advances in mechanically drawn glass, rolled glass remains inferior in quality to plate glass. In the 20's and 30's larger glazing areas and glass walls form the new vocabulary of architects who neglect however the thermal properties of glass resulting in serious problems. Pressed glass products are improved in quality with the use of toughening techniques developed by Saint-Gobain in 1928. The pavilion built by the company in 1937 is a demonstration of the new possibilities for glass in architecture
Levy, José Pedro de Sousa. "Sistema de custeio ABC: uma aplicação a uma empresa de construção civil em Cabo Verde." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11336.
Повний текст джерелаBotton, Carole. "La construction sociale de l'objectivité sur un marché aux enchères : le cas des enchères de chevaux de courses." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090074.
Повний текст джерелаKhelifa, Mohammed Rissel. "Formulation et caractérisation d'éco-bétons renforcés aux fibres d'alfa pour des bâtiments verts et durables." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0953/document.
Повний текст джерелаConcrete is the most used building material in the world. In order to reinforce struture concretes, different kinds of fibres are added among which metallic and synthetic (e.g. polypropylene) fibres.In our study, we have replaced polypropylene fibres by natural vegetal fibres of alfa, a grass commonly found aroud the Mediterranean.We have prepared 3 kinds of concrete : alfa-reinforced concrete (with various amounts of alfa fibres), polypropylene-reinforced concrete and ordinary concrete used as references.Characterization showed that the best amounts of alfa fibres are 1 and 1.5 %, that gave a mechanical behaviour close to that of ordinary and polypropylene-concrete.Durability tests (sulfatic attack and high temperature) showed that the concrete reinforced with 1% of alfa fibres gives the closest results compared to ordinary concrete. Concrete with 1% of alfa fibres is hence the best concrete.Environmental analyses showed that alfa fibres generate far less impacts than polypropylene fibres as regards fossil fuel depletion, climate change (linked with emissions of greenhouse gases among which CO2), atmospheric emission of particles, marine ecotoxicity and photochemical oxydation
Elfakharany, Cherine. "L'harmonisation sémantique entre le verbe et sa préposition : l'exemple de "sur" : approche synchronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2142.
Повний текст джерелаThe most common definition of the preposition on, including among linguists, is that it indicates the position of a subject superior to an object, as, spatially, in La lampe est sur la table, and on the metaphorical plan, in Les politiques influent sur le sort du peuple. However, this approach encounters many difficulties : among other things, it can’t be applied spatially to : La petite fille leva les yeux sur son père or, temporally, at : Elle va sur ses vingt ans, or, on a metaphorical level, to : Amr compte sur ses amis. The existing definitions of the preposition on are therefore not satisfactory. Our thesis proposes, in its first part, a semantic identity for this preposition, after a critical evaluation of what the dictionaries, the reference of grammars and various scientific works dedicated to it offer. The hypothesis is that the verb selects the preposition which introduces its complement according to a semantic affinity between the two - for example, if influence builds its complement with on in French, it is that there would be an agreement, a semantic harmony, between to influence and on. The second part of the thesis develops the reliable and exhaustive corpus that will test the advanced hypothesis in the most rigorous conditions possible, namely verbs that build their complement with the preposition on - which assumes the prior characterization of the concept of "complement". The third chapter contains a first part verifying in the corpus that the preposition on has the identity conferred by our hypothesis, which is the case for 100% of the statements tested. The second part shows 92% that the verb is constructed with a preposition with which it has an affinity of meaning. The hypothesis that there is semantic harmonization between the verb and its preposition - in this case of the complement introduced by on with the identity that we attributed to it - is therefore verified
Cuba, Marcos Antonio. "Construções verdes : estudo comparativo sobre as categorias de "certificação verde" de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela Green Building Council Brasil." Universidade de Taubaté, 2010. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=170.
Повний текст джерелаConcept of construction green not is joined solely to preservation of environment, since many researchers usually use the term supported, that is more in accordance with the proposal that the development foresees economic, social construction and the respect to the environment. In relation the developing countries as Brazil, to balance these three points are essential to assure a solid and sustainable economic growth. In this context, in result of the necessity of less impacts constructions to the environment, it was created in the United States the National Advice of Green Constructions, prescribed agency of the construction norms and certifier of whom they take care of the world-wide norms. This certification was created searching to diminish the consumption in the manufacture of materials, maintenance of building and management of residues. The present study it aims at to analyze and to improve the relative knowledge to the certification of the called sustainable constructions in Brazil, being analyzed its characteristics, advantages for the environment and present and future society. Moreover, one searched to point the stages necessary to cheat success in the green certification of an enterprise in Brazil, taking itself in consideration the criteria established for the Green Building Council Brazil, officially credential agency to grant it those to it that implement the necessary requirements. This demonstration was made by means of comparative study between two certified enterprises: the first one, Eldorado Business Tower, got the called certification Platinum (maximum), and as, Building New City, that it got cheated the green certification called Certified (minimum). The result of the analysis demonstrated that, although found the cultural and economic obstacles for the implementation of a certified construction, the practical one seems to demonstrate that the final result is similar to the investment in conventional constructions. However, the search for the stamp comes exponentially increasing to each year, demonstrating that the old paradigms start to be knocked down, in benefit of the environment, that can guarantee the gifts and future generations.
Azizi, Fethi. "Loi de comportement des sols raides : détermination de la courbe d'état limite de l'argile verte de Romainville." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD051.
Повний текст джерелаThe experimental study on the yield state curve of the Romainville green clay is an integral part of the research work undertaken by “Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées” on the behaviour of natural clays. In order to do this study, we carried out a variety of laboratory trials following procedures adapted to the swelling character of the green clay. The yield state curve of this clay has been determined. This curve has a roughly elliptical shape. However, it is not centred on the Ko stress path. This study has also revealed the anisotropic character of the green clay and the values of its orthotropic elastic parameters have been determined on a limited portion of the over consolidated domain. However, these parameters only represent partially the behaviour of the green clay within its, yield state curve. The analysis of this behaviour should be the subject of another future study
Ciocanea, Cristiana. "Lexique-grammaire des constructions converses en a da/ a primi en roumain." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667769.
Повний текст джерелаGourdet, Patrice. "L' enseignement de la grammaire à l'école élémentaire : le cas du verbe en CE2. Des savoirs à enseigner aux savoirs appris : un facteur efficient, l'enseignant." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100096.
Повний текст джерелаThe verb is at the heart of teaching grammar in schools : this predominance finds its foundations in the particular position of this constituent within the sentence, but also in the extreme morphological variability. This is expressed by the predominate place of this scholastic discipline which is the conjugation. The CE2 class (third year elementary class) marks its first year of a cycle by deepened learning of these structures. The class hinges on the study of language and more particularly on the learning of the verb. By association a didactical reflection and pedagogical observations in five classes this thesis takes as a central hypothesis that to talk about the verb in the elementary school and more specifically in the CE2, a grammatical teaching founded on a description of these regularities and put in relationship to some different linguistic components of the verb is essential for a better acquisition by the pupils. On one hand, the grammatical environment built by the teaching must develop the articulation of proprieties. It is a pertinent indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching of the verb. On another hand, pupils’ explanations are efficient signs of its learning. The process of transpositions of learning theories and teaching theories remains complex. It undergoes torsions on a diachronic plan, but also synchronically that one could find in the schedules, textbooks and pedagogical practices. They can be an obstacle to a didactic reconfiguration coming from the teacher who wishes to promote efficient teaching at school
Parvu, Sandra. "Relation de l'objet au territoire : les grands ensembles d'habitation en France (1958-1961)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0097.
Повний текст джерелаCities are perceived as an ensemble of various architectures built in time. Contray to this first assumption, this thesis examines how the passage from the architectural to the urban, doesn't necessarily occur as a smooth transition, but creates a divergence of points of view. Indeed, if the work of the architect consists in formaI research, the activity of the urban planner encompasses the development of norms and laws for answering the population needs in habitat and transport, or boosting industrial and economic growth. In this respect, the architectural project entails an aesthetic approach and regional planning involves political decisions. How do these two ranges of discourse participate to decisions concerning urban projects? The exploration of this encounter between political motivation and aesthetic research takes place through the analysis of four large sc ale housing building sites: Briey-en-Forêt, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, les 4'000 in La Courneuve and the ZUP of Bures-Orsay. Analyzed in their historie and present condition. These four sites examine the place of the architectural object in the urban project during the end of the fifties To take into consideration the multiplicity of points of views involved in the execution of these projects implies the disappearance of disciplinary boundaries. The specific approaches belonging to the history of architecture, the political and institutional history, urban sociology and anthropology. Are abandoned to the advantage of a pragmatic approach that strives to understand the mechanisms that put in place this construction in the light of today’s systematic demolition of these buildings
Pommier, Régis. "Compréhension de l'aboutage du bois vert : élaboration du procédé et principes physico-mécaniques appliqués au Pin maritime." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13209.
Повний текст джерелаCobut, Aline. "Écoconception des produits d'apparence en bois pour la construction non-résidentielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30421/30421.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe main goal of this research was to help positioning appearance wood products in non-residential construction by investing in environmental design. By adopting market dynamics and regulations towards environmentally preferable products, manufacturers of secondary forest products will become more competitive. More specifically, the objectives of this thesis is to acquire greater knowledge of environmental implications of appearance wood products by analyzing current environmental certifications and labeling; to use a life cycle approach to identify the environmental profile of the most specified appearance wood products in non-residential constructions with life cycle analysis; to reduce their environmental footprint through ecodesign; and finally to generalize resulting observations about doors to all other appearance wood products to improve their ecodesign. About twenty type I ecolabels applicable to appearance wood products have been identified. Those labels have then been classified into four groups. Scientific literature shows that a comprehensive approach, that is taking into account all product life cycle stages, and multi criteria approach, that is considering all environmental impact categories, are essential to evaluate the environmental friendliness of a product. The case study permitted to observe that raw materials used for door production, in particular the particleboard, were responsible for 60% of total environmental impacts of the door, followed by product end-of-life (landfilling) and shipping. Ecodesign scenarios were developed according to those contributive life cycle stages : raw materials, end-of-life and transportation. The generalization of the door LCA results and ecodesign propositions to the entire appearance wood product family showed that raw materials still had a high contribution to products total environmental impacts and that decisions should be accordling to the type of wood used during the manufacture (wood composite or solid wood and veneer).