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Дисертації з теми "Construction en chanvre – Durée de vie (ingénierie)"
Zerrouki, Redouane. "Contribution à I'étude de la durabilité d'un béton de chanvre : impact du vieillissement accéléré sur les propriétés fonctionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0091.
Повний текст джерелаThis study reports the experimental investigation of a commercial formulated lime binder (Tadical PF70) modification effect on the durability of hemp concrete specimens when subjected to wetting and drying cycles, using multi-scale approach (micro and macro). The influence of partial replacement of Tradical PF70 binder by metakaolin has been studied by testing the physico-mechanical and hgro-thermal properties of specimen for aging conditions of 0, 15, 25, and 50 wetting/drying cycles. Considered as a critical factor which contributes to the specimen deterioration, a separate investigation of the degradation rate of the embedded hemp particles in the binder matrix at aging cycle intervals has been also performed. The analyses included their component changes, microstructure modifications, and variation of crystalline properties, characterized by means thermal (TGA/DTG) and microscopic (SEM/EDX/XRD) analyses. The results have shown that the pozzolanic reaction appears to significantly minimise the degradation of hemp concrete. The corresponding reaction consumes calcium hydroxide to produce hydrated calcium silicates and in turn will lead to the lowest alkalinity of pore solution which is considered as the main responsible for hemp particle hydrolysis. The examination of the relationship between embedded hemp particle deterioration degree and the mechanical properties-loss of hemp concrete has shown the effectiveness of metakaolin to improve the durability of hemp concrete
Ngo, Duc chinh. "Développement d’un nouveau éco-béton à base de sol et fibres végétales : étude du comportement mécanique et de durabilité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0885/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ecological design of structures and the sustainable development is nowadays of high importance in the construction industry. Thus, alternative building materials such as soil concrete containing a proportion of various ecological components are of high importance nowadays. The aim of producing ecological concrete is to reduce the consumption of cement and thus the CO2 production, to provide alternatives to the impoverishment of resources and to reduce the energy consumption in the production process.In recent years, many changes have been observed in the construction methods with the aim to replace traditional concrete by alternative construction materials such as concrete containing a high proportion of various ecological component called "green" while maintaining acceptable properties for the desired application. For instance, constructions made of cost effective raw soils are of real interest since the thermal and acoustic properties are more important than that of ordinary concrete. However, more researchs are needed in order to have a better understanding of their mechanical properties and their durability.This study aims to optimize the composition of a new ecological concrete constituted of upgraded excavated soil. Several soil concrete mixtures, composed of different proportions of clayey soil, sandy soil and small quantities of cement, lime and hemp fibers have been tested. The mineralogy and chemical composition of clayey soil was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) coupled with the X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). The casting of the concrete mixtures has been realized by vibration, as ordinary concrete, to obtain the required workability on construction sites.Compressive tests have been carried out on samples at different curing time and conditions. The ultrasonic non-destructive technique has been used for monitoring the hardening of soil concrete in function of the curing conditions. As soil concrete presents important volumetric change that can cause the infiltration of water and impact their durability, an experimental investigation on autogenous and drying shrinkage is reported. Water porosity and water absorption tests have been also carried out to evaluate the transfer property of the porous material. The carbonation of this concrete was also evaluated. The durability of the soil concrete was examined by following the deferred deformations and more particularly the endogenous shrinkage and desiccation as well as the flexural creep
Zmamou, Hafida. "Eco-conception de nouveaux agromatériaux à partir de cendre de chaudière biomasse. Relation structures-propriétés." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES055.
Повний текст джерелаValorizing the industrial by-products int alternative materials for road engineering according to SETRA recommendations is a major scientific challenge for the environment and the circular economy. The Wastepaper Sludge Ash (WSA) is a waste material that comes from the recycled paper industry. Previous studies showed that they have hydraulic and/or pouzzolanic properties. These by-products being available in large quantities at attractive cost are an asset for material valorization. To use alternative materials is in perfect adequacy with the fact of valorizing WSA in road engineering. As binders, WSA having a low impact in terms of carbon print compared to usual hydraulic binders. This research work was undertaken to valorize as eco-materials, important volumes of WSA. Two application fields were selected. They consern the implementation of an innovative road material for road engineering and territorial management, and the eco-design of agromaterials for construction. This work proposes two experimental approaches : (1) on optimization of the matrix based on WSA and mineral additives and (ii) addition of natural aggregates for making eco-agromaterials. The natural aggregates are renewabke resources obtained from agriculture. These chosen aggregates are local resources, using local handcraft, and mobilizing the local expertise for short circuit of material valorization. The study contains four parts : (1) formulations and implementation of eco-materials, (2) analysis of their mechanical behavior, their durability and long-term behavior, (3) a study of environmental behavior and (4) a microstructural analysis of eco-materials. The WSA treatment with water and mineral additives decreases considerably their environmental impact. The correlation between these parameters allowed obtaining an eco-material (A) and eco-agromaterial (AG) potentially recoverable in road engineering. The practice takes into account the change of scale i. E. Transition from the laboratory scale to the pilot scale, this aspect was studied. On one hand a reduced road platform and two pedestrian pathways constituting the test on site for validation have been performed. On the other hand, series of materials, i. E. Pavements, bricks and concrete blocks were made. It was possible to conclude that a mixture composed with 95% WSA + 5% cement or 95 % WSA + 5% cement + 2% hemp shives gives the best promising mixes for these two applications
Talon, Aurélie. "Evaluation des scénarii de dégradation des produits de construction." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695040.
Повний текст джерелаVasconcellos, Davi Silva de. "Comportement en fatigue avant et après impact de composites tissés chanvre/époxy." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESMA0017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on a woven hemp/epoxy composite. Tests were first conducted on its components. They showed that the behaviour of resin impregnated yarn is more representative of the yarn behaviour in the composite than the dry yarn usually studied. These tests were also used to determine the material parameters necessary for the development of a finite element model of a composite ply. This model is based on a simplified representation of the fabric. Variability of properties of the components was taken into account. Strain fields were compared with those measured by the DIC technique on the surface of the composites. Fatigue tests were conducted on composites [0°/90°]7 and [±45°]7. Heating was measured by IR camera; the damage was followed by AE and high resolution camera. Observations were made by microscopy and X-ray microtomography. A detailed analysis of damage mechanisms was performed. A model of S-N fatigue curve was adapted to the studied hemp/epoxy composite. The resistance to impact and the post-impact mechanical behaviour of the [0°/90°]7 hemp/epoxy composite were studied. The results showed the influence of a non-destructive impact on the fatigue life of the composite, and the evolution of the damage was analyzed. It has been shown that the model of S-N fatigue curve can be applied to impacted specimens. It is thus possible to predict the fatigue life of the impacted composite from the tensile strength and fatigue behaviour of the non-impacted material
Sally, Orianne. "Stratégies de calcul pour la prévision de durée de vie des structures composites soumises à des chargements complexes : Application aux composites Oxyde/Oxyde." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN024.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on damage and lifetimeprediction of oxide/oxide composite structures,introduced in the hot parts of aircraft engines. It ispart of a project named MECACOMP, led by Safran.This PhD aims to propose a calculation strategycapable of predicting the strength and service life ofcomposite structures subjected to real fatigue loads(multi-axial, long-lasting and potentially random).A two-step approach is implemented. First, a damagemodel, using an incremental formalism, is proposedin order to represent the experimental behaviourobserved on both static and fatigue loadings. Adedicated identification protocol is proposed. Themechanical test campaign carried out made itpossible to characterize the studied material and toidentify the parameters of the model. However, the computational costs being too highto simulate the behaviour of a composite structuresubjected to long-term fatigue loadings, acalculation strategy is developed, in a second step,to reduce drastically the computational time andmake the model usable in design offices. It consistsin a non-linear cycle jumps method, based on theproposed incremental damage law. This strategywas implemented in a commercial Finite Elementcode and applied to polycyclic fatigue calculationson both academic structures, for which the modelpredictions are evaluated by comparison with testresults, and structures of industrial complexity
Bacila, Adriana. "Influence des effets de surcharges et de souscharges sur la propagation d'une fissure de fatigue : Modélisation et estimation de la durée de vie des éléments de construction mécanique." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-358.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMalek, Benaïssa. "Etude et modélisation du comportement en fatigue de l'alliage d'Aluminium 2618 anodisé soumis à des chargements multiaxiaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30016.
Повний текст джерелаAnodized aluminum alloys are widely used in aircraft construction because of their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and low density. However, the anodizing process often leads to a reduction in fatigue strength. In addition, the parts are generally subjected to multiaxial fatigue loadings in service. Therefore, it is necessary to study, not only the effect of the anodization, but also to correlate it to the nature of the loading.The objective of the thesis is to identify and characterize the different mechanisms involved in the anodizing effect of the alloy 2618-T851 on the fatigue strength and to determine the impact of the nature of the loading. On the one hand, uniaxial tensile and torsional fatigue tests have been carried out on specimens in the bare state with different surface roughness levels and under different stress ratios. It was found that the surface roughness had no effect whatever the nature of the loading. On the other hand, a non-zero normal mean stress or mean shear stress reduces fatigue life.The tests carried out on pickled, anodized, impregnated and finally sealed specimens showed that, in tension, the reduction in fatigue life is mainly due to the anodic oxidation step. On the other hand, in torsion, the fatigue strength of the alloy is not sensitive to the anodizing process. Then, the material was studied in multiaxial fatigue, tensile-torsion under different stress ratios and different phase angles in the machined and anodized state. We have found that anodizing has a detrimental effect as in the case of pure tension and that the material is not sensitive to phase angle whatever the stress amplitude ratio. The alloy has been studied under multiaxial loadings integrating the internal pressure to analyze the fatigue behavior of the alloy under this type of loading. Surface fracture analysis has shown that, in general, cracks initiated from Al9FeNi intermetallic particles with the presence of a single site for the alloy in the bare state and from the oxide layer with the presence of multi-sites in the case of anodized specimens. For life-time predictions, we have used different critical-plane approaches (Morel, Fatemi-Socie, Findley, Kluger and Macha) to predict fatigue life under different loading combinations. Finally, a model inspired by the Kluger model has been proposed
Bui, Quoc-Bao. "Stabilité des structures en pisé : durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRammed earth construction is an ancient technique which is attracting renewed interest throughout the world today, thanks to the energy performance of this material throughout the lifecycle of a building: construction, occupation and demolition phases. Although rammed earth is currently regarded as a promising material in the construction sector in the context of sustainable development, it is still difficult to quantify its durability, as well as its mechanical and thermal performances, which discourages people from using it. This thesis is devoted to the study of these problems, especially the two first ones. The study of the durability of rammed earth was carried out on rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows a lifetime longer than 60 years in the case of the unstabilised rammed earth wall. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall. The study of the mechanical characteristics of rammed earth in compression was carried out on three different scales. The first is the scale of in-situ walls. Dynamic measurements were carried out on site to determine the Eigen frequencies of the walls. The elastic modulus was determined from the frequencies measured by using a finite element model. The second is the scale of a representative volume element (RVE). Rammed earth RVE samples with dimensions similar to those of the walls on site were manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Finally, at the last scale, called the micro-mechanical scale, tests were performed on equivalent compressed earth blocks (CEBs), which can replace the rammed earth RVE samples to facilitate laboratory tests. An exploratory study of seismic characteristics of rammed earth houses has also been established. The comparison of Eigen periods of rammed earth houses obtained from in-situ measurements and those of empirical formula proposed by seismic standards has been done. The strengthening techniques to improve the seismic capacity of rammed earth houses were also discussed
Barbière, Romain. "Comportement en fatigue et optimisation de l’interface d’un composite tissé chanvre/époxy : effet de l’humidité Influence of moisture and drying on fatigue damage mechanisms in a woven hemp/epoxy composite : acoustic emission and micro-CT analysis." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0016.
Повний текст джерелаPlant fibre composites are an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional composite materials such as fibreglass composites. However, plant fibres are highly hydrophilic in comparison with the polymer matrix. It is therefore necessary to study the influence of moisture on the mechanical behaviour of these eco-materials.In this work, three conditionings were applied. “Ambient” samples were stored and tested in ambient environment. “Wet” samples were immersed in water until saturation and tested in a climatic chamber at RH97. The objective of the “Wet/Dry” conditioning was to study the role of desorption on the mechanical properties of the composite. Woven hemp/epoxy composite samples with two orientations, [(0/90)]7 and [(± 45)]7, were tested in tension and fatigue according to the three conditionings. In situ analyses by acoustic emission and post-mortem analyses by SEM and micro-CT were carried out.Fatigue tests allowed to determine the Wöhler curves for the two orientations and the three conditionings. A phenomenological model was used to simulate the fatigue life of the composite in all configurations. The comparisons showed that the Wet samples exhibit a lower tensile strength than the Ambient specimens and a lower fatigue sensitivity, while the behaviour of the Wet/dry samples is similar to the Wet conditioning one concerning the tensile strength and similar to the Ambient one concerning the fatigue sensitivity. The classification of acoustic events allowed the identification of three clusters, each cluster corresponding to a type of damage (matrix damage, interfacial damage and fibre breakage). For the two orientations, the results showed that the proportion in number and the kinetics of development of each type of damage depend on the level of the maximum applied stress and on the conditioning. Matrix and interfacial damages are largely the most numerous acoustic events for all the configurations. Micro-CT analysis showed that the damage is different depending on the orientation. However, for each orientation, the same type of damage is observed for the three conditionings, at different stages of development: more advanced for the Wet conditioning, intermediate for the Wet/Dry one and the least developed for the Ambient one.The analysis of the yarn/matrix interface adhesion was performed through fragmentation tests realised on monofilament hemp/epoxy specimens. A specific mould was designed and developed to produce these specimens by casting. Acoustic emission monitoring and observations in polarized light allowed a better understanding of the fragmentation phenomenon in this type of material. The Interfacial Shear Strength (IFSS) values were calculated and the interfacial debonding lengths were measured. The results show that the yarn/matrix interface is weakened after drying, with a decrease in IFSS of 33%. To improve adhesion at the interface, treatments with hydrogen peroxide and non-thermal plasma were applied to the hemp yarns. Fragmentation tests showed that IFSS is almost twice as high with the peroxide treatment and three times higher with plasma, compared to untreated specimens. An upscale was made by applying the hydrogen peroxide treatment to the hemp fabric. The tensile and fatigue behaviour of hemp/epoxy composites produced with this treated fabric was studied. The results obtained at this scale are disappointing. Therefore, the non-thermal plasma treatment remains the most promising solution, but applying this technique at the fabric scale is complex and requires the development of a new reactor
Книги з теми "Construction en chanvre – Durée de vie (ingénierie)"
(Editor), CW Yu, and John W. Bull (Editor), eds. Durability of Materials and Structures in Building and Civil Engineering. Whittles Publishing, 2006.
Знайти повний текст джерелаCommittee on Defense Research at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions, Policy and Global Affairs, Board on Higher Education and Workforce, and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions: Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes. National Academies Press, 2023.
Знайти повний текст джерелаNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions: Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes. National Academies Press, 2022.
Знайти повний текст джерелаKarbhari, Vistasp M., and L. S. Lee. Service Life Estimation and Extension of Civil Engineering Structures. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2016.
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