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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Constructed wetlands South Australia"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 30 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Constructed wetlands South Australia"

1

Hopkins, Ben, and John R. Argue. "Constructed “Source” Wetland Concepts Applied to Urban Landscapes." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0175.

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Анотація:
A class of wetland is introduced which employs engineering practices and installations to collect, store, dispose of, retrieve and use stormwater, at source, in the urban landscape. Two Adelaide (South Australia) examples of “source wetlands” are described. At New Brompton Estate, roof runoff from (eventually) a cluster of 15 residences is diverted to a 106 m gravel-filled trench in a central reserve. The collected water sustains a row of deciduous trees bordering the reserve and provides frequent (winter) charges, via a bore, to a Quaternary aquifer at depth 30 m. At Northfield a swale/trench system which handles all storm runoff from a residential street (including domestic contribution) will be trialled. Runoff seeping to the trench from the swale will be of high quality and will provide charges of water to a 5 m Quaternary aquifer. Some runoff of good quality will pass from the catchment in large storm events. In both cases, New Brompton and Northfield, water retrieved from the Quaternary aquifers in summer will be used for open space irrigation. Constructed source wetlands offer a valuable new option in urban stormwater quantity/quality management.
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2

Raisin, G. W., and D. S. Mitchell. "The use of wetlands for the control of non-point source pollution." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0139.

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There is increasing interest in the use of wetlands to intercept nutrients in diffuse run-off from rural catchments. However, the scientific basis for this strategy is far from secure. While research in several countries provides support for this approach, there is a general lack of rigorous data sets of nutrient balances showing the real effect of such wetlands on the quality of run-off emanating from rural catchments. Research being conducted on two natural and one constructed wetlands in south-eastern Australia will contribute to filling this gap. In each of these three wetlands, volume of inflow and outflow is being measured at 15 minute intervals. Automatic water samplers connected to the flow measurement device are measured and are triggered to take samples at appropriate intervals during run-off events. All these water samples are analysed chemically and the total loads of selected chemicals entering and leaving a wetland are calculated for several storm events over the winter and spring period during 1993. Results for Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus show that during winter there is a net release of these nutrients from the linear wetlands with greater flows resulting in greater flushing. However, in spring and early summer there was a net retention of nutrients in the wetlands despite similar hydrological loadings. These results were affected by the size of the wetland relative to the catchment (and therefore retention time), land use of the catchment, any intrusion of ground water and the nature of the wetland in terms of its shape and vegetation.
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3

Adcock, P. W., and G. G. Ganf. "Growth Characteristics of Three Macrophyte Species Growing in a Natural and Constructed Wetland System." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0166.

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Total, above and below ground biomass, growth, and tissue nutrient concentration of three species growing in two contrasting environments (a horizontal flow, constructed wetland fed tertiary effluent at Bolivar, South Australia, and a natural wetland, Bool Lagoon, south-eastern South Australia) were compared to determine relative performance of each species. Overall Baumea articulata and Phragmites australis performed poorly in trenches compared with natural wetland. Total biomass was 4.0 and 2.7, compared with 7.7 and 10.9 kg/m2 however, above ground (AG)/below ground (BG) ratios were similar at both locations (1 (Baum) and 0.42(Phrag)). Below ground mass was restricted to the top 25cm in the trenches but penetrated to > 50cm in the natural wetland. Phragmites showed a marked decline in standing biomass during the winter period in both environments but Baumea increased standing biomass in the trenches. Although the mean tissue nutrient concentrations of N and P for plants grown in trenches were higher than their natural counterparts [3.18(Baum), 2.56(Phrag) vs. 0.68(Baum), 0.49(Phrag) mg P/g DWt.; 12.99(Baum), 23.06(Phrag) vs. 5.39(Baum), 8.92(Phrag) mg N/g DWt.], this was offset by the lower biomass of the plants in the trenches. In contrast, the semi-emergent Triglochin procerum performed exceptionally well in the trenches, compared with the other species, and with itself growing in Bool Lagoon. Total biomass was 15.4 kg/m2, AG/BG ratio was 6. Triglochin continued to grow vigorously throughout the winter and had a mean tissue concentration of 5.19 mg P, 22.63 mg N and 368 C/g dry weight. These data suggest that the effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by harvesting was 5 times higher for Triglochin than for Baumea or Phragmites in the trenches. The nitrogen concentrations in Triglochin suggest a protein content of 16–18% which compares favourably with lucerne.
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4

Dobbie, Meredith Frances. "Typing Colonial Perceptions of Carrum Carrum Swamp: The Expected and the Surprising." Land 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020311.

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Анотація:
Carrum Carrum Swamp was a vast wetland to the south-east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, at the time that it was first sighted by white colonists in 1803. By 1878, the colonists had commenced converting the swamp to dry land for agricultural and horticultural pursuits, and 100 years later it was predominantly residential land. Shifting values in the 1970s led to environmental concerns about water quality in local creeks and Port Phillip Bay and subsequent residential development on the former swamp included the construction of stormwater treatment wetlands. Perceptions of wetlands are now diverse, including positive perceptions that support their presence in urban settings. In contrast, traditionally, wetlands have been perceived negatively, as waste lands, leading to their drainage. Nevertheless, alternative, perhaps positive, perceptions could have existed, only to be overwhelmed by the negative perceptions driving drainage. Understanding the full range of past perceptions is important to ensure that the historical record is correct and to provide historical context to contemporary perceptions of wetlands. It will better equip natural resource managers and designers and managers of constructed wetlands in urban locations to ensure that wetlands are healthy, functioning and appreciated by their local and wider communities. Thus, the perceptions of Carrum Carrum Swamp by colonists from 1803 to 1878 were examined through qualitative content analysis of historical documents, and a typology was developed. Seven different perceptions were identified: scientific, premodern, exploitative, romantic, aesthetic, medico-mythic and ecological. Most could be traced to the colonists’ predominantly British heritage, but one perception arose in the colony in response to the specific environmental conditions that the colonists encountered. This ecological perception valued wetlands as places of predictable water supply in a land of unpredictable rainfall. It recognised wetlands as part of a broader hydrological system, with influences on the local climate. Its proponents promoted the need for a different approach to the management of wetlands than in Britain and Europe. Nevertheless, a dominant exploitative perception prevailed, leading to the drainage of Carrum Carrum Swamp. The typology developed in this study will be useful for exploring perceptions of other wetlands, both colonial and contemporary.
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5

Ranieri, E. "Hydraulics of sub-superficial flow constructed wetlands in semi arid climate conditions." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0670.

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Анотація:
This paper reports the evaluation of the hydraulics of two constructed wetland (cws) plants located in Apulia (the South Eastern Italy region characterized by semi arid climate conditions). These fields were planted with Phragmites australis hydrophytes and are supplied with local secondary wastewater municipal treatment plant effluent. Each plant - Kickuth Root-Zone method based - covers an area of approx. 2,000 m2. The evapotranspiration phenomenon has been evaluated within perforated tubes fixed to the field bottom and very high values - up to 40 mm/d - were found. Hydraulic conductivity has been evaluated by in situ measurements at different field points. Hydraulic gradients and the piezometric curve within the field are also reported.
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6

Bavor, H. J., and E. F. Andel. "Nutrient Removal and Disinfection Performance in the Byron Bay Constructed Wetland System." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0191.

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Анотація:
A constructed wetland system has been developed for polishing of treated sewage effluent at Byron Bay, northern New South Wales, Australia. Nutrient removal and disinfection performance of the system has been monitored in preliminary investigations and has been found to be promising. The system, monitoring program and ongoing research program are described
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7

Zang, Zheng. "Conceptual Model of Ecosystem Service Flows from Carbon Dioxide to Blue Carbon in Coastal Wetlands: An Empirical Study Based on Yancheng, China." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094630.

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Анотація:
Large amounts of blue carbon exist in the ecosystems of coastal wetlands. Accurate calculations of the stocks and economic value of blue carbon in various plant communities can facilitate vegetation rehabilitation. Based on this objective, first, a blue carbon estimation model was constructed by combining a Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model, and second, the distribution pattern of blue carbon and flow direction of ecosystem services (carbon sequestration) in a coastal wetland in China was analyzed utilizing a combination of field surveys, remote sensing data, and laboratory analysis techniques. Finally, the wetland carbon sequestration value and its income-expenditure status were measured using the carbon tax method. The results show that the aboveground net primary productivity of coastal wetland vegetation exhibits a non-zonal distribution in the south-north direction, whereas it presented a three-level gradient distribution, characterized as “low (200–300 g/m2∙y)–intermediate (300–400 g/m2∙y)–high (400–500 g/m2∙y)”, in the east-west direction. The accumulation of carbon gradually increased from the ground surface to the underground (litter < underground roots < soil) in Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. On the type scale, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis wetlands were of the “blue carbon” net outflow type (supply type), with mean annual outflow carbon sequestration values of 3272.3 $/ha and 40.9 $/ha, respectively. The Suaeda glauca wetland was of the “blue carbon” net inflow type (benefit type), with a mean annual inflow carbon sequestration value of 190.7 $/ha.
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8

Zhai, Jun, Chuan Qin, Hai Wen Xiao, Qiang He, and Jie Liu. "Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Mainland China: Two Decades of Experience." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2977.

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Анотація:
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been applied for wastewater treatment since 1987 in Mainland China. There were about 150 public owned CWs operated to treat different types of wastewater, including urban domestic wastewater, rural sewage, effluent from secondary treatment, industrial wastewater, urban and agricultural runoff. About 44% of the CWs are designed for urban and rural sewage treatment. Hybrid CW takes a majority role for wastewater treatment in China. There are 24 full-scale hybrid CWs among the surveyed 59 systems in this paper. The most frequently used filtration media for vegetated beds are gravel and cobble. Phragmites australis is the dominate plant used in CWs in north China, while cyperus alternifolius and Typha latifolia are commonly applied in south China. The statistical average removal efficiencies of CWs for industrial wastewater treatment are the highest in terms of COD and BOD5, followed by the efficiencies of treating urban domestic wastewater, rural sewage, effluent from secondary treatment, urban and agricultural runoff in a decline order with a revise trend of the designed hydraulic loading rates.
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9

Davison, L., T. Headley, and K. Pratt. "Aspects of design, structure, performance and operation of reed beds – eight years' experience in northeastern New South Wales, Australia." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (May 1, 2005): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0359.

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Reed beds (horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands) have been employed as secondary treatment devices in on-site and decentralised wastewater management systems in the northeast of the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) for over a decade. This paper summarises some of the practical and research findings that have come to light in that time. Experience with various aspects of reed bed structure is discussed. A study of the evaporative performance of four small beds planted with Phragmites australis yielded an annual crop factor of 2.6. A total of 28 studies on reed beds treating a variety of commonly encountered wastewater streams yielded the following mean pollutant removal efficiencies: total suspended solids (TSS) 83%, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 81%, total nitrogen (TN) 57%, total phosphorus (TP) 35% and faecal coliforms (FC) 1.9 logs. The reed bed is becoming the preferred on-site technology for removing TN and BOD and polishing TSS from primary settled domestic wastewater. Sizing beds for a residence time of approximately five days has become standard practice. A study of six reed beds found six different species of earthworm present, mainly Perionyx excavatus (Indian Blue). A mesocosm experiment subsequently showed that the worms were translocating clogging material from the substrate interstices to the surface of the bed thereby indicating a possible method for prolonging reed bed life.
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10

Adcock, P. W., G. L. Ryan, and P. L. Osborne. "Nutrient partitioning in a clay-based surface flow wetland." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0142.

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Анотація:
A constructed, clay-based, surface flow wetland located in Byron Bay, New South Wales, Australia, was studied to determine the relative importance of living plant tissue, plant litter, sediment, and the water column as nutrient stores. The nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon contents of each nutrient compartment were determined throughout the wetland. The nitrogen and phosphorus content of the plants was higher at the inlet end of the wetland and declined with distance away from it. Nutrient levels in the sediment and water column did not vary significantly with distance through the wetland. Phosphorus concentrations in the sediments were high, but plants were shown to be responsible for the majority of nutrient accumulation from this system. The plants had failed to penetrate the clay substrate and a solid mat of adventitious roots had developed in the overlying water. In essence the plants, mainly grasses, were growing hydroponically.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Constructed wetlands South Australia"

1

Conran, Leigh Garde. "Establishment vegetation patterns in an artificial urban wetland as a basis for management." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc754.pdf.

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2

Higginson, Gareth Edward. "The ecotourism potential of the Barber Inlet Wetlands, South Australia." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh637.pdf.

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Анотація:
Bibliography: leaves 127-134. This thesis argues for the expansion of ecotourism in the Adelaide metropolitan Barker Inlet Wetlands, currently used for small scale ecotourism. Through analysing current literature and evaluating a range of ecotourism strategies, it demonstrates that the potential for and offers guidelines for ecotourism in the Barker Inlet Wetlands. Opprtunities for expansion lie primarily in environmental education, with a particular focus on Adelaide secondary schools.
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3

Murphy, Sarah Elizabeth. "An investigation into the treatment efficiency of a primary pond in the Barker Inlet Stormwater Wetland System, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensm978.pdf.

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Анотація:
Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000?
Corrigenda pasted onto front end-paper. The CD contains Excel spreadsheets containing data collected. Bibliography: leaves 209-222.
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4

French, Rachel. "Modelling urban runoff : volume and pollutant concentration of the Barker Inlet Wetland Catchment." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensf875.pdf.

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Анотація:
Bibliography :leaves 158-171. A monitoring program, funded by the South Australian government (through the former MFP Development Corporation), was established to monitor the quality and quantity of storm water entering and leaving the wetland. This study formed part of the funded program. Simple regression models were developed; and will assist in the monitoring of performance of the wetland to alleviate the pollutant load into the Barker Inlet.
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5

Mann, Robert A., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Phosphorus removal by constructed wetlands : substratum adsorption." THESIS_FST_XXX_Mann_R.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/333.

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Анотація:
The phosphorus removal characteristics of several gravel-based constructed wetland systems (CWSs) in the treatment of secondary sewage effluent was studied.Investigations were conducted on water quality parameters (redox potential, pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature) which affect phosphorus adsorption to substrata.Laboratory phosphorus adsorption experiments on Richmond CWS gravel substrata, a gravel used in Griffith CWS trials and a locally available soil, Hawkesbury sandstone, involved ion-exchange experiments and calculation of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and column adsorption/desorption trials.Six steelworks by-products were investigated in laboratory studies, to determine their potential for use as phosphorus adsorbers in a CWS: granulated blast furnace slag(GBF), blast furnace slag(BF), steel slag(SS), fly ash(FA), bottom ash(BA) and coal wash(CW).The ability to adsorb phosphorus was then correlated to the chemical attributes of each substratum.Of the six steelworks by-products screened in laboratory-based studies as substrata for P removal in a CWS, BF and SS slags showed the most potential due to their high phosphorus adsorption capacity and useable matrix size.Further research is recommended to evaluate the sustainability of using slags for P removal (as well as other contaminants present in wastewater), using full scale CWSs, which should include an evaluation of any likely environmental impacts using leachability and toxicity studies.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)(Environmental Science)
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6

Majimbi, Abbey Aggrey. "An assessment of the nutrient stripping function of two constructed wetlands in the Swan-Canning Estuary." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1599.

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Анотація:
The use of constructed wetlands and wet detention basins has proven to be highly effective in removing pollutants from industrial discharges and stormwater runoff throughout the world. This is attributed to design of the key treatment components in a constructed wetland, catchment source characteristics and climatic conditions. A disproportionate amount of research and monitoring effort has gone into constructed wetlands due to their cost effectiveness and ability to optimize multiple benefits. In Western Australia, several wetland monitoring studies on the role of constructed wetlands especially in Swan-Canning estuary have been done, but often do not address their design efficiencies in stormwater treatment. Two wetlands (Liege St and Tom Bateman wetland) constructed for nutrient stripping proximal to the Swan-Canning estuary have been monitored for two years. Liege St wetland was constructed to reduce the nutrients reaching the Canning River directly and improve the amenity value of the area. Similarly, Tom Bateman wetland was constructed to reduce nutrients of the Banister Creek catchment draining into the Canning River as well as for stormwater management and habitat use. Physicochemical and biological indicators were used to assess the nutrient stripping efficiency of the wetlands. In some cases, data from previous studies were used to determine the health and viability of the selected wetland sites. The limnological indicators used included; dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity and nutrient levels. The biological included; bacteria, nutrients and chlorophyll in periphyton, macroinvertebrates and diatoms. Differences in the community structure of periphyton, macroinvertebrates and water quality were found from the inlet to the outlet in both Liege St and Tom Bateman wetlands.Despite the poor water quality, Liege St wetland exhibited significant nutrient removal efficiencies for TP while Tom Bateman wetland had very high removal efficiency for TN. The TP removal in Liege St wetland was attributed to the design of key treatment components which included a gross pollutant trap, concrete lined sedimentation pond, vegetated sumplands, weirs and clay lining for the wetland bed. In contrast, Tom Bateman wetland lacked the above key treatment components. Additionally, the wetland experienced short-circuiting especially during high flow periods. The high TN removal in Tom Bateman wetland was attributed to assimilation by plants and micro-organisms especially by the dense growth of Potamogeton crispus observed on the wetland floor and the non- biological transformation processes such as volatilisation, sorption and sedimentation. The poor water quality of the inflow in both wetlands was attributed to catchment characteristics which were not fully investigated in this study. In an attempt to improve the nutrient stripping function of Liege St and Tom Bateman wetland, changes to the wetland design and routine maintenance were suggested for Tom Bateman and Liege St wetland respectively. Also the use of the Swan-Canning Cleanup Programe (SCCP) water quality targets as opposed to the ANZECC trigger values in water quality assessments in constructed wetlands in the Swan-Canning estuary is suggested among others.
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7

Majimbi, Abbey Aggrey. "An assessment of the nutrient stripping function of two constructed wetlands in the Swan - Canning Estuary /." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17452.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The use of constructed wetlands and wet detention basins has proven to be highly effective in removing pollutants from industrial discharges and stormwater runoff throughout the world. This is attributed to design of the key treatment components in a constructed wetland, catchment source characteristics and climatic conditions. A disproportionate amount of research and monitoring effort has gone into constructed wetlands due to their cost effectiveness and ability to optimize multiple benefits. In Western Australia, several wetland monitoring studies on the role of constructed wetlands especially in Swan-Canning estuary have been done, but often do not address their design efficiencies in stormwater treatment. Two wetlands (Liege St and Tom Bateman wetland) constructed for nutrient stripping proximal to the Swan-Canning estuary have been monitored for two years. Liege St wetland was constructed to reduce the nutrients reaching the Canning River directly and improve the amenity value of the area. Similarly, Tom Bateman wetland was constructed to reduce nutrients of the Banister Creek catchment draining into the Canning River as well as for stormwater management and habitat use. Physicochemical and biological indicators were used to assess the nutrient stripping efficiency of the wetlands. In some cases, data from previous studies were used to determine the health and viability of the selected wetland sites. The limnological indicators used included; dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity and nutrient levels. The biological included; bacteria, nutrients and chlorophyll in periphyton, macroinvertebrates and diatoms. Differences in the community structure of periphyton, macroinvertebrates and water quality were found from the inlet to the outlet in both Liege St and Tom Bateman wetlands.
Despite the poor water quality, Liege St wetland exhibited significant nutrient removal efficiencies for TP while Tom Bateman wetland had very high removal efficiency for TN. The TP removal in Liege St wetland was attributed to the design of key treatment components which included a gross pollutant trap, concrete lined sedimentation pond, vegetated sumplands, weirs and clay lining for the wetland bed. In contrast, Tom Bateman wetland lacked the above key treatment components. Additionally, the wetland experienced short-circuiting especially during high flow periods. The high TN removal in Tom Bateman wetland was attributed to assimilation by plants and micro-organisms especially by the dense growth of Potamogeton crispus observed on the wetland floor and the non- biological transformation processes such as volatilisation, sorption and sedimentation. The poor water quality of the inflow in both wetlands was attributed to catchment characteristics which were not fully investigated in this study. In an attempt to improve the nutrient stripping function of Liege St and Tom Bateman wetland, changes to the wetland design and routine maintenance were suggested for Tom Bateman and Liege St wetland respectively. Also the use of the Swan-Canning Cleanup Programe (SCCP) water quality targets as opposed to the ANZECC trigger values in water quality assessments in constructed wetlands in the Swan-Canning estuary is suggested among others.
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8

Browning, Catharine, and n/a. "Nutrient Removal and Plant Growth in a Subsurface Flow Constucted Wetland in Brisbane, Australia." Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040226.092311.

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Анотація:
One of the major water quality issues affecting waterways is eutrophication. Controlling the input of nutrients from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WTP’s) is a significant step in reducing eutrophication. Tertiary wastewater treatment for water quality improvement in particular Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) is often expensive to construct with high maintenance costs. Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer an alternative wastewater treatment and have been used successfully worldwide to treat various types of wastewater. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Oxley Creek horizontal subsurface flow (SSF) CW for tertiary municipal wastewater treatment and the suitability of four native macrophyte species, Baumea articulata, Carex fascicularis, Philydrum lanuginosum and Schoenoplectus mucronatus. The investigation consisted of four main components: 1) Plants: monitoring plant establishment, growth, impact of cropping, gravel size, nutrient content and storage for the four macrophyte species trialed; 2) Water quality - effluent treatment: monitoring water quality and quantity entering and leaving the wetland to determine wastewater treatment; 3) Organic matter: accumulation of organic carbon within the wetland cells for the different gravel sizes (5mm and 20mm) and 4) Mass balance: combining nutrient storage by macrophytes with wastewater nutrient removal to determine proportion of nutrient removal by plant uptake. The Oxley horizontal SSF CW is situated at the Oxley Creek WTP in Brisbane (South- East), Queensland, Australia which has a sub-tropical climate. The experimental design involved four different substrate treatments: Cell A new 5mm gravel, Cells B and C old 20mm gravel and Cell D old 5mm gravel. Cells B, C and D had been operational since 1995 whereas Cell A had been in use since 2000. The wetland received secondary treated effluent direct from the Oxley Creek WTP at an average flow rate of 8L/min with a median hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 0.12m/day and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 to 3 days. Each cell consisted of three gravel sections (Section 1 to 3) separated by 1m wide open water sections. Gravel Sections 2 and 3 were planted out with the four macrophyte species in October 2000, Section 1 remained unplanted. Plant health and leaf height was monitored to assess plant establishment and growth. Investigations into plant establishment and growth demonstrated that Carex was most suitable. Carex achieved the highest maximum leaf height and was not affected by pests and disease unlike Schoenoplectus and Philydrum. Above ground biomass was cropped in May and August 2001, with biomass of cropped material measured on both occasions. Plant health and re-growth following cropping of above ground biomass in May and August 2001 demonstrated that cropping retarded regrowth of Schoenoplectus and Philydrum. Carex and Baumea recovered quickest following cropping, with Carex achieving leaf height prior to cropping within 6 months. Proportion of biomass contained above and below ground was measured by collecting biomass samples three times over 9 months and dividing into plant components (roots, rhizomes, leaves, flowers and stems). Investigations into the proportion of above and below ground components indicated that >80% of biomass is contained above ground. Therefore cropping above ground biomass would potentially remove a significant proportion of nutrient storage from the CW. The results indicated that the ideal time for cropping was in spring/summer when plants are flowering particularly for Philydrum, whose flowering stems comprised 40% of total plant biomass. Flowering stems of Philydrum could potentially have a commercial use as a cut flower. Nutrient content of the four species in each cell was measured for individual plant components when first planted and after three (summer) and six (autumn) months growth. This was combined with biomass data to quantify nutrient bioaccumulation (nitrogen and phosphorus) by the four species in each cell. In terms of ability to bioaccumulate nitrogen and phosphorus, measurements of nutrient content and storage indicated that all four species were suitable. Nutrient storage was highest for Baumea and Carex. However high nutrient content may make the macrophytes more susceptible to pest and disease attack as found in this study for Philydrum and Schoenoplectus. Nutrient storage was highest in Cell A (new 5mm gravel) as a result of higher biomass achieved in this cell. The cropping and nutrient storage experiments indicated that Carex was the most suitable species for use in SSF CWs. Carex achieved the highest nutrient storage and had the fastest regrowth following cropping. Organic carbon accumulation between gravel particles measured as the proportion of material lost at 500oC was determined for gravel samples collected from each section for all four cells at 10cm depth increments (0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-30cm). Investigations into organic carbon accumulation within the gravel substrate showed that organic accumulation was higher in the planted sections particularly for cells that had previously been planted with Phragmites australis. Organic accumulation was highest in the top 20cm of the gravel, which can be attributed to litter fall and root material. The effect of gravel size on plant growth, biomass, root depth and organic accumulation was assessed throughout the study. Investigations indicated that gravel size did not appear to affect biomass, maximum root penetration, re-growth following cropping and organic accumulation. Water quality from the inlet and outlet of each cell was measured fortnightly over 12 months (May 2001 to May 2002). Water quantity (HLR) was measured weekly using tipping buckets located at the inlet and outlet of each cell. Water quality and quantity were combined to investigate the nutrient removal efficiency of the wetland. The Oxley wetland was highly effective in reduction of TSS (<2mg/L) and COD (<30mg/L). Principal TSS and COD removal mechanism was physical with the first gravel section acting as a filter removing the majority of particulate material. Average loading rates to the wetland were 7.1 kg/ha/d PO4-P, 14 kg/ha/d NH4-N and 5.4 kg/ha/d NOx-N. Average daily mass removal rates ranged from 7.3 kg/ha NH4-N in Cell D to 4.6 kg/ha in Cell C (i.e. 37%-22% removal efficiency respectively); 5.2 kg/ha NOx-N in Cell C to 1.3 kg/ha in Cell A (i.e. 75%-22% removal efficiency) and 0.8 kg/ha PO4-P in Cell A to 0.1 kg/ha in Cell C (i.e. 10%-1% removal efficiency). Removal efficiency was calculated on a loads basis. Insufficient retention times (2-3 days based on tracer study) and anaerobic conditions (<1mg/L) limited further nitrogen removal. Negligible phosphorus removal for all cells was attributed to short retention time and likelihood of phosphorus adsorption being close to capacity. Investigation into the proportion of nutrient removal attributed to plant uptake demonstrated that nutrient uptake and storage in plant biomass accounted for <12% TN and <5% TP. This research project has provided several useful outcomes that can assist in future guidelines for designing effective SSF CWs in the subtropics/tropics. Outcomes include the importance of maintaining an adequate water level during the initial establishment phase. Maximising effluent treatment by pre-treatment of wastewater prior to entering SSF CWs to enable ammonia to be converted to nitrate and ensuring adequate hydraulic retention time. Carex fascicularis was the most suitable species particularly where harvesting regimes are employed. Philydrum flowering stems could be used as a cut flower in the florist trade.
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Jenkinson, Suzanne Marie. "The conservation value of small wetlands for waterbirds in the southeast of South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arj521.pdf.

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Roe, Brett, and b. roe@cqu edu au. "Ecologically Engineered Primary Production in Central Queensland, Australia - Integrated Fish and Crayfish Culture, Constructed Wetlands, Floral Hydroponics, and Industrial Wastewater." Central Queensland University. Sciences, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20080717.092551.

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The issue of sustainability has greatest significance in the midst of unilateral bio-socioeconomic degradation resulting from intense and increasing societal pressures placed on the unified global ecology. In such an environment, sustainable development seeks to manage natural resources within a free market economy, aiming to meet the needs of today's population, and to protect and enhance current resource quality and abundance. In this light, techniques of integrated sustainable primary production and wastewater management are the subject matters of this applied research. There are many researchable issues which could be addressed within the subject matter. The first focus in the research scope was driven by the most severe sustainability issue facing Central Queensland (Australia) in 2000: the depletion and degradation of freshwater supplies. Central Queensland (CQ) is an arid sub-tropical region that has suffered from a marked reduction in rainfall and increase in temperature over the last 100 years, {Miles, 2004 #172}, and by the year 2000, conditions had been exacerbated by eight years of severe drought and warmer than average temperatures and resulted in widespread animal and crop failures due to freshwater shortages. Such a problem required a multi-faceted ecological, social, and economic approach. Hence, research centred on investigating the science of integrating regional water-related industries and agribusiness, and biodiverse ecosystems to achieve water and wastewater reuse applications, and associated eco-socioeconomic benefits. Specifically, this research investigates the integration of (a) electrical power station wastewater (b) barramundi culture, (c) red claw culture, (d) constructed wetlands (for water quality management and habitat creation), and (e) hydroponic flower culture. This research produced outcomes of integrated water and wastewater reuse and recycling, marketable agriproducts production (fish, crayfish, and flowers), water and wastewater reuse and conservation, wetland primary production, carbon dioxide sequestration, aquatic pollution control, and biodiversity creation and support. Successful design and management, experimental trialing and evaluation of system components and subjects, and the development of a knowledge base including static and dynamic system models, represent advances in respective research areas, and underpin the emerging discipline of integrated systems approaches to eco-socioeconomic development. Additionally, several gaps in the current body of knowledge regarding integrated systems were filled, and interactive management tools were developed. Apart from this study, the integration of technologies (as described above) has not, to this author's knowledge, been accomplished.
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Книги з теми "Constructed wetlands South Australia"

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Workshop on Wetland Systems for Wastewater Treatment (1996 Perth, W.A.). Workshop papers on wetland systems for wastewater treatment: Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Wednesday, 25th September 1996. Edited by Ho G. E, Mathew Kuruvilla, Murdoch University. Institute for Environmental Science., and Murdoch University. Remote Area Developments Group. [Murdoch, W.A.]: Institute for Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 1996.

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Lee, Jonathan K. A finite-element surface-water model of flow-way cell 1 of the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project, south Florida. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Thompson, Ryan F. Evaluation of recharge to the Skunk Creek aquifer from a constructed wetland near Lyons, South Dakota. Rapid City, SD: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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The Becher wetlands, a Ramsar site: Evolution of wetlands habitats and vegetation associations on a Holocene coastal plain, South-Western Australia. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2007.

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Workshop papers on wetland systems for wastewater treatment: Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Wednesday, 25th September 1996. Institute for Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 1996.

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Semeniuk, Christine. Becher Wetlands - a Ramsar Site: Evolution of Wetland Habitats and Vegetation Associations on a Holocene Coastal Plain, South-Western Australia. Springer, 2007.

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Semeniuk, Christine. The Becher Wetlands - A Ramsar Site: Evolution of Wetland Habitats and Vegetation Associations on a Holocene Coastal Plain, South-Western Australia. Springer, 2016.

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V. & C. Semeniuk Research Group., ed. Mapping and classification of wetlands from Augusta to Walpole in the South West of Western Australia: Report to the Water and Rivers Commission. East Perth, W.A: Water and Rivers Commission, Policy and Planning Division, 1997.

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Western Australia. South West Development Authority. Advisory Committee., ed. Wetlands of the south west: The role of local government and landowners in the management of wetlands in the south west of Western Australia : papers delivered at a workshop held on Saturday, November 24, 1990. [Perth? W.A: s.n., 1990.

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Benwell, Andrew. Plants of Subtropical Eastern Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486313662.

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Plants of Subtropical Eastern Australia describes the rich flora of this biogeographically distinct region located on the east coast of Australia, covering the north coast of New South Wales and coastal South-East Queensland. This guide presents a selection of common, threatened and ecologically significant plants found in the region’s major vegetation habitats including rainforest, heathland, grassy forest, wetlands and rock outcrops. More than 500 plants are featured, with photographs and descriptive features enabling the reader to identify these species if encountered. Interesting biological, cultural and historical characteristics of each species are included, along with notes on the plant’s biogeography and a map of its distribution. Suitable for anyone with an interest in plant ecology and botany, Plants of Subtropical Eastern Australia is the definitive guide to this fascinating region of Australia and its unique flora.
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Частини книг з теми "Constructed wetlands South Australia"

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Kuschk, Peter, Arndt Wiessner, Eva M. Seeger, Matthias Kästner, Uwe Kappelmeyer, Diego Paredes, and Natalia I. Shtemenko. "The Status of Research on Constructed Wetlands." In Environmental and Food Safety and Security for South-East Europe and Ukraine, 155–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2953-7_15.

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Nelson, Mark, Florence Cattin, Davide Tocchetto, and Lamine Hafouda. "Wastewater Gardens Systems in Yucatan, Mexico; Northwest Australia; Northern Algeria and Southern Iraq." In Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates, 357–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03600-2_20.

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Denver, Kym. "Rehabilitating Wyndgate: Bringing Back Wetlands on a Family Property in South Australia." In An International Perspective on Wetland Rehabilitation, 107–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4683-8_10.

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4

Jones, Kim D., and Brian Dyson. "Recovery of Aquaculture Treatment Constructed Wetlands Function After Prolonged Flood Inundation Events in South Texas." In Environmental Sustainability Issues in the South Texas–Mexico Border Region, 179–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7122-2_11.

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5

"The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers." In The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers, edited by TIMOTHY B. ABBE, ANDREW P. BROOKS, and DAVID R. MONTGOMERY. American Fisheries Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569568.ch20.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Wood induces hydraulic, morphologic, and textural complexity into fluvial systems in forested regions around the world. Snags and logjams can create complex networks of channels and wetlands across entire river valleys and historically posed a significant obstacle to navigation. The clearing of wood from channels and riparian forest land reduced or eliminated the quantity and supply of wood into rivers in many regions of the world. Ecological restoration of fluvial environments increasingly includes the placement of wood. But few guidelines exist on appropriate methods for emulating natural wood accumulations, where and how to place wood, its longevity, the hydraulic and geomorphic consequences of wood, and how to manage systems where wood is reintroduced. Important factors to understand when placing wood in rivers include the watershed and reach-scale context of a project, the hydraulic and geomorphic effects of wood placements, possible changes in wood structures over time, and how it may impact human infrastructure and safety. Engineered logjams constructed in Washington, USA and New South Wales, Australia offer examples of how wood reintroduction can be engineered without the use of artificial anchoring to form stable instream structures as part of efforts to rehabilitate fluvial ecosystems and provide ecologically sensitive means to treat traditional problems such as bank stabilization and grade control.
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Fisher, Peter J. "HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AT RICHMOND, NSW, AUSTRALIA." In Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, 21–31. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-040784-5.50007-3.

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Davies, T. H., P. D. Cottingham, and B. T. Hart. "Application of Constructed Wetlands to Treat Wastewaters in Australia." In Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, 577–84. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003069997-74.

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Batchelor, A., W. E. Scott, and A. Wood. "CONSTRUCTED WETLAND RESEARCH PROGRAMME IN SOUTH AFRICA." In Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, 373–82. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-040784-5.50039-5.

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9

Wood, A. "THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS IN SOUTH AFRICA." In Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, 235–44. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-040784-5.50027-9.

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Dornbush, J. N. "Constructed Wastewater Wetlands: The Answer in South Dakota’s Challenging Environment." In Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, 569–75. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003069997-73.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Constructed wetlands South Australia"

1

Abtew, Wossenu, Gary Goforth, and Guy Germain. "Stormwater Treatment Areas: Constructed Wetlands for Phosphorus Removal in South Florida Surface Waters." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)172.

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"Identification of the major hydrological threats for two clay pan wetlands in the south west of Australia." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.i7.hanna.

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3

Del Carmen Staff, Monica, Celia De La Mora, Kim Jones, and Walterio Olivas. "Dispersion in Constructed Channel Wetlands Designed to Treat Aquaculture Effluents in the Semi-Arid Environment of South Texas." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)340.

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4

Pathak, Chandra S., and Jie Zeng. "Application of Artificial Neural Network Models for Flow Estimation in a Large Constructed Wetlands — Stormwater Treatment Area 2 in South Florida." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)124.

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5

Deane, Saul. "The Sandstone Squarehouses of Macarthur: The Ultra Vires Blockhouses of Sydney Basin’s Dispossession." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3997pwac2.

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South of Campbelltown, wedged between Sydney’s two great rivers, where the Georges and the Nepean almost meet is Macarthur. In the early 1810s, to go beyond Campbelltown was to leave the authority of colonial Sydney - a colonial ultra vires frontier. Here are squarehouses that date from the mid-1810s, some were built during the height of Sydney’s frontier wars, before the 1816 Appin Massacre, which secured colonial control over all of Macarthur. These squarehouses are archaeologically intriguing as they are almost square, not large, have thick sandstone walls, some have ‘slot openings’ and others small openings. Were these squarehouses built with a defensive premise in mind, the openings for use as ‘gunloops’ as much as ventilation? If so they would be architectural evidence of the frontier wars. The suggestion is that these small squarehouses, often overlooked as just an outbuilding in the homestead aggregation, were among the first buildings built on a property. If built on contested land, its presence would have acted as notification of a land claim, while its physical structure provided a bolthole from which one could defend life and property - a private blockhouse. Blockhouses existed right across the British settler empire, with common standards constructed for defence in frontier areas from South Africa to New Zealand, Canada and the United States. So it should be no surprise to find them at the beginning of colonial NSW and yet it is, and this raises questions as to why this distinctive colonial structure is missing in Australia. The placement of these squarehouses and the prospect of their loops - their surveillance isovists over creeks and valleys, would provide historical insight into the colonial consolidation of these landscapes.
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Salih, Arwin, John Kenyon, John Steele, and Ranjan Weeraratne. "Darlington Upgrade Project – Bridge design for manufacture and assembly." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0021.

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<p>The Darlington Upgrade Project (DUP) consists of the upgrade of approximately 3.3 kilometres of the existing Main South Road forming part of the Adelaide North-South Transport Corridor.</p><p>This paper focusses on the design of the project’s three composite steel box girder bridges and challenges employing the Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) principles on the bridge superstructures which were constructed on temporary towers in an assembly yard approximately 500 metres from the final bridge position and transported using the Self-Propelled Modular Transporter (SPMT) technology. SPMTs, a first in Australia for bridge application, allows pre- fabrication of the bridge superstructure improving safety for both construction crews and motorists.</p><p>Evaluation of stresses imposed on the superstructure obtained from the real time monitoring instrumentation during installation is also presented.</p>
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Frischknecht, Bart D., and Kate Whitefoot. "Defining Technology-Adoption Indifference Curves for Residential Solar Electricity Generation Using Stated Preference Experiments." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48007.

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Success in achieving environmental goals is intrinsically dependent on policy decisions, firm decisions, and consumer decisions. Understanding how consumer product adoption jointly depends on policy incentives and firm design decisions is necessary for both firms and governments to make optimal decisions. This paper demonstrates a methodology for assessing the linkage between policy incentives and firm decisions on the level of consumer adoption of a particular technology. A policy optimization is formulated and technology-adoption indifference curves are constructed to allow firms to identify the most profitable direction for product development given the policy environment, and similarly to allow government organizations to set policies that maximize technology adoption given firm decisions. As an example we use the residential solar electricity industry in New South Wales, Australia. Consumer choice is modeled using a mixed logit choice model estimated with hierarchical Bayes techniques from stated preference experiment data.
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Solis-Navarro, Carlos, and Anna-Carin Brink. "Widening jointed reinforced concrete pavements on the Easing Sydney’s Congestion Program." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/y0qxjehe.

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how existing jointed reinforced concrete pavements (JRCPs) are incorporated in the design of new and/or widened lanes as part of the Easing Sydney's Congestion (ESC) Program. The ESC Program is one of the Transport for New South Wales' initiatives to meet the increasing demand for infrastructure in the state. At the inception of the Program in 2016, major capital expenditure was set over AU $2.1 billion over five years to 2021. NSW is the State in Australia with the largest number of concrete pavements in the urban road network; mostly JRCPs many of which are now more than 40 years old and surfaced with nominal 50 mm asphalt. As part of the more than 50 projects delivered, the existing concrete pavements required widening to allow for additional lanes and extension of turning lanes. Whilst the pavement designs had to meet minimum engineering standards with a design life of 40 years, they also needed to cater for rapid construction to mitigate disruption to road users in limited construction space. This paper will describe the approach used to gain information on the existing pavements, the different pavement structures constructed, the detailing of the widenings, the specification of various concrete mixes including high-early strength materials and lessons learnt from the construction phase.
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