Статті в журналах: "Constructed building"

1

Zalejska Jonsson, Agnieszka, and Rosane Hungria Gunnelin. "Defects in newly constructed residential buildings: owners’ perspective." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 37, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-09-2018-0077.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present defects reported by cooperative owners, and to determine the relationship between building characteristics, developer’s/contractor’s company size and defect type. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on defects reported by board members of cooperatives in Sweden through a survey questionnaire. The 1,563 questionnaires were posted by regular mail to the boards of cooperatives for buildings. The current research presents results from analysis of responses from 394 regular residential projects constructed between 2006 and 2013. The responses represent owners’ experience from a total 1,107 buildings. Findings Findings presented in this study indicate that building quality might be one of the factors contributing to the energy gap. The analysis indicates that the most severe problems reported by cooperatives are issues related to building envelope, particularly shortcomings in the function of windows, issues related to the function of the balcony and cracks in the facade and leakage caused by rain water. The results show that the building quality differs depending on developers’ size, measured by number of employees. The authors have also found a significant relationship between reported defects and location expressed by size of the city/municipality. Originality/value The discussion on newly constructed residential buildings has been dominated by the perspective of professionals (inspectors) and contractors (or developers) rather than of the owners/users themselves. This study presents findings from the owners’ perspective, thus contributing the owners’ viewpoint to the debate on building quality.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Subedi, Jishnu, Ram Mani Ghimire, Ram Prasad Neupane, and Sweta Amatya. "Cost difference of buildings in Kathmandu constructed with and without earthquake safer features." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 7, no. 5 (November 14, 2016): 444–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-10-2014-0073.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate increase in the cost of reinforced concrete buildings in Kathmandu valley constructed using earthquake safer features in comparison with that of buildings constructed using conventional approach without earthquake safety features. Design/methodology/approach Five buildings constructed using earthquake safer features and five buildings constructed without using these features are selected. A cost comparison of both types of buildings is done, and the total cost is also compared for structural, nonstructural and service components in the buildings. Findings The cost analysis of buildings constructed in Kathmandu valley shows that there is 10 per cent increase in cost for earthquake safer construction in comparison to construction using conventional approach. This increase in cost can be a deterrent factor for house owners to switch to safer construction practices which ultimately leads to lack of compliance from house owners. A successful implementation of building code in a country like Nepal, where most of the buildings are constructed from informal sector, requires compliance of the code from all stakeholders. Awareness raising can be a deciding factor for success in building code enforcement. Research limitations/implications The study is done for only two types of constructions prevalent in Kathmandu: one using simplified codal method and another using conventional method. Only five samples of each types are taken into consideration. The building sample, however, is typical and representative of the two types of the construction practice. Practical implications The information from this study will be useful for making policy decisions for enforcement of building codes and also for assessment of economic loss in future earthquakes. Social implications This research output will help to redesign building code enforcement projects in Nepal and other countries in the region with similar issues. Originality/value The building samples, analysis and output are original contribution of authors, and it contributes to fulfill the gap for such study.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Nowogońska, Beata. "Diagnoses in the Aging Process of Residential Buildings Constructed Using Traditional Technology." Buildings 9, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050126.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The perspective of maintaining residential buildings in adequate technical condition is one of the most important problems over the course of their service life. The aim of the work is to present issues connected with the methods of predicting the process of changes in performance characteristics over the entire period that a building, constructed using traditional technology, is operational. Identification of the technical situation consists of a prognosis based on the analytical form of the distribution function and probability density of building usability. The technical condition of a building results from its past, while familiarity with the condition is necessary to determine how the building will behave in the future. The presented predictive diagnostics of the performance characteristics of an entire building and its elements is an original methodology of describing the lifespan of a building. In addition to identifying the technical condition, its aim is also to aid in making decisions regarding maintenance works. The developed model of predicting changes in the performance characteristics of buildings, the Prediction of Reliability according to Exponentials Distribution (PRED), is based on the principles applied for technical devices. The model is characterized by significant limitations in its application due to the negligible influence of wear processes. In connection with the above, the Prediction of Reliability according to Raleigh Distribution (PRDD) was developed, where the carried-out processes of changes in the performance characteristics are described using Rayleigh’s distribution, and the building is a multi-element system. Model development would be incomplete without subjecting it to verification. Predicting the degree of the technical wear of load-bearing walls of a building is a form of checking the proposed PRED and PRRD models on the basis of data derived from periodical inspections of the research material. The developed model of the time distribution of the proper functioning of a building, presented as an image of the forecast of changes in the technical condition, can be applied to solving problems occurring in practice. The targeted approach to predicting the occurrence of damage will allow for optimal planning of maintenance works in buildings during their entire service life.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Entley, William R., Christopher R. Treadway, and Gregory S. Girolami. "Molecular Magnets Constructed from Cyanometalate Building Blocks." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 273, no. 1 (November 1995): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259508031851.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Monty, Randall W., and Alyssa G. Cavazos. "Building Rhetorical Theory through Discursively Constructed Borders." Journal of Borderlands Studies 31, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2015.1124245.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Yushchube, S. V., I. I. Podshivalov, and A. S. Larionov. "Safety of building constructed on hillside slope." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 23, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-1-126-139.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The paper focuses on the pile foundation and footing of the building constructed on a hillside slope and consisting of four three-dimensional blocks. The building is arranged such that to protect the first block constructed on the footslope from the negative technogenic influence of the latter via the embedment of three supporting blocks into the hillside slope. The first three-dimensional block is a three-storey brick building, while the other three are the spatial supporting structures made of insitu reinforced concrete. All the blocks locate at different position levels. The resulting embedded part of the structure matches the class KS-3 construction site safety. It is thus necessary to assess the structural safety of the building constructed in difficult engineering and geological conditions. The MicroFe software is used for finite element dimensional calculations of the pile foundation and footing strength, stability and oscillation after studying the engineering-geological surveys, the analysis of the soil formation, composition and physicalmechanical properties, the piling field. Also, the theoretical model is proposed for the footingfoundation–building system. The obtained results allow assessing the stress-strain state of the pile foundation and footing with the lateral support to the hillside slope of soil.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Yang, Yun Hui. "Green Building Development Features in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.725.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

China has the biggest building construction market in the world today and it is growing at an explosive rate. At present, more than 85% of China's newly constructed buildings and more than 95% of the existing buildings are high energy consumption buildings. 1 Green building is undoubtedly a great emerging market for the Chinese building industry, green and clean technology and products are becoming rapidly growing market in China. Both the new green building construction and existing building’s energy retrofit market will significantly grow in future. This paper discusses features of the green building development in China with respect to various aspects of the green building development situations, green building rating systems and its features so as to make further improvements. The discussion was refined based on literature reviews, requests for information from certification system owners, and interviews with certification system users and members of the industry advisory group.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Franzitta, V., Alessia Viola, and Marco Trapanese. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Different Buildings Constructed with Environmentally Sustainable and Traditional Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.109.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The use of bioclimatic principles can reduce energy demands and CO2emissions in the building sector. Costs are one of the most important barriers to a widespread adoption of the green architecture e.[ The aim of this study is to compare the energy and economic performances of two buildings: a real residential bioclimatic building located in Cinisi (a small town near Palermo, Sicily) and an imaginary residential building supposed having the same geographical location, cubature, shape and orientation as the bioclimatic building but built by conventional building materials. The tools used for this study were TRNSYS and HOMER[

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Wang, Yan Bing, Mei Xia Zheng, and Xiao Juan Li. "3D Modeling of Building Based on CSG and SketchUp." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2333.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

3D modeling of city has become a hot research topic in the field of GIS, it has very important significance in terms of urban construction, management and planning. Building model is an important sector of 3D city model, after analyzing the traditional algorithm of building modeling, a combined algorithm based on CSG and SketchUp is proposed in this paper. Using CSG model, the regular buildings are constructed firstly, then using SketchUp software, the irregular buildings are constructed. Finally, all building models are combined into a continuous building. The paper uses parts of the actual data to verify the feasibility of this modeling approach in the paper.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Borodinecs, Anatolijs, Jurgis Zemitis, Aleksandrs Zajacs, and Jekaterina Nazarova. "Renovation of Multi-Apartment Building in Latvia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 1177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.1177.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Residential buildings in Latvia are one of the essential heat consumers during the heating season. The majority of Latvian as well as European residential buildings were constructed within the period from 1965 to 1990. The average heat transfer coefficient of typical homogeneous single layer external wall of Latvian multi apartment building as well as all buildings constructed in USSR is 0.80 till 1.20W/(m2∙K) [1,2]. Paper presents study on multi apartment buildings renovation specifics in Latvia and its influence in total energy consumption.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

SLOBIN, MARK. "Constructed Melodies: Building the Score into the Set." Journal of the Society for American Music 10, no. 2 (May 2016): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196316000067.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThe article introduces the topic of film music's relationship to the built environment of cinema. The discussion springboards from James Sanders's analysis of New York City sets, based on the architecture of selected movies (mostly from the 1930s and 40s), as presented in his Celluloid Skyline. The focus is on four locations: the brownstone façade, the working-class street, the enclosed courtyard, and the construction site. The argument is that two key components of American cinema's structure—music and architecture—are sometimes in direct dialogue, as composers and filmmakers both render New York ethnographically accurately and offer sometimes a mythic imagining of a particular place.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Osterlind, Steven J., and William R. Merz. "Building a Taxonomy for Constructed-Response Test Items." Educational Assessment 2, no. 2 (April 1994): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326977ea0202_2.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Kongshaug, Kjell Ove, and Helmer Fjellvåg. "Coordination Polymers Constructed from Paddle-Wheel Building Units." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 166, no. 1 (June 2002): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2002.9584.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Miura, Hiroyuki, and Saburoh Midorikawa. "Updating GIS Building Inventory Data Using High-Resolution Satellite Images for Earthquake Damage Assessment: Application to Metro Manila, Philippines." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 1 (February 2006): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2162940.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In order to conduct earthquake damage assessment, a methodology for updating GIS building inventory data in Metro Manila, Philippines, using remote sensing data is proposed. The locations of newly constructed mid- and high-rise buildings are detected from high-resolution satellite images using the image analysis technique, while the number of low-rise buildings is estimated from the built-up areas on a land cover classification map. The building inventory data is updated by incorporating the data on the newly constructed buildings into the existing data. The number of buildings in the updated inventory data shows good agreement with the results of the manual interpretation and a recent survey. A building damage assessment for a scenario earthquake is conducted using the updated inventory data.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

El-Hamaida, Marwa Nossier Hamdan. "The effect of shape hollow block brick on the economy and the heat transfer coefficient." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 12 (December 27, 2021): 442–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121043.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The building is the main place for humans to feel safe and comfortable. Also, the building does not depend on economic dimension only but depends on the social and environmental dimensions. For that, it is very important to achieve thermal comfort in the building to increase people’s ability to be productive and feel comfortable. It notes that the highest ratio of building constructed with a brick of concrete in North Sinai – Egypt. Therefore, giving special attention to making the building constructed with a brick of concrete low cost is very essential in maintaining the cohesion of the three dimensions of green architecture building. Therefore, the study will include changing the shape of the concrete hollow brick with the same materials and its ratio in manufacturing. To construct the building in less time and decrease construction laborer and the material which use in construction. Also, the study will include some cross sections in external walls to achieve the most suitable section in-wall appropriate with the environment of north Sinai that decreases the overall heat transfer coefficient on the wall of the building. Additionally, that compares the cost of building for the traditional building constructed by brick of concrete with the building constructed by new brick of concrete. Finding will improve the economic and environmental dimension for building constructed with new concrete brick, which can impact directly in the social dimension. Because using the new hollow brick will decrease the energy consumption and the cost with a ratio of 7% in every part during a building’s life cycle.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Shesterniak, Mariia. "Efficiency of distributing results of collaborative efforts in construction." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(84) (May 31, 2017): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.02.098.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The article clarifies that results of collaborative efforts in construction, which are received without establishing a legal entity, are presented by constructed buildings that belong to owners as a jointly-owned property. It is revealed that a completed real estate object is put into operation by the operator of collaborative activities. It is pointed out that results of collaborative efforts are distributed according to percentage rates of co-owners and in accordance with the purpose of the joint project. The procedure of completing documents on jointly constructed building which is based on the aims of the collaborative activities is analyzed. It is determined that the aim of joint construction is to obtain a part of ownership in a constructed building by every co-owner (the aim is achieved at the time of signing the act of distributing housing space) or to get profits from jointly constructed buildings. The goal of collaborative activities includes constructing a building, its sale and distributing profits from collaborative activities (the aim is achieved at the time of distributing profits among participants of collaborative activities). It is found that a collaborative activity is discontinued upon achieving the aim. It is proposed to establish a standard act of distributing housing space of a jointly constructed building in accordance with an agreement on collaborative activities without setting up a legal entity.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Larson, Gerald R., and Roula Mouroudellis Geraniotis. "Toward a Better Understanding of the Evolution of the Iron Skeleton Frame in Chicago." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990144.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

William Le Baron Jenney and the Home Insurance Building have been given a pivotal position in many of the early histories of modern architecture, a reputation that has been consistently embroiled in controversy during the building's 100-year history. The context of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago's commercial building milieu immediately prior to Jenney's design of 1884 reveals that tall buildings constructed before the Home Insurance Building were called skyscrapers. Many of these earlier buildings, in fact, were even taller than the final height of the Home Insurance Building. A technical analysis of Jenney's final structural design reveals that it was neither conceived nor detailed as a rigid, independent iron frame. A recently discovered article on the potential of iron framing published by Chicago architect Frederick Baumann in March 1884, before Jenney even started designing the Home Insurance Building, not only disputes Jenney's reputation as the "father of the iron skeleton frame," but also exposes the antiquated nature of Jenney's actual structure and detailing.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Karakale, Vail. "Use of Structural Steel Frames for Structural Restoration of URM Historical Buildings in Seismic Areas." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431117500129.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Historic buildings and monuments are an important part of our cultural heritage that must be protected and their sustainability ensured, especially when earthquakes occur. In this paper, a technique that uses structural steel frames is proposed as one way of strengthening unreinforced masonry (URM) in historical buildings. The idea underpinning this technique is to reduce the earthquake displacement demand on non-ductile URM walls by attaching steel frames to the building floors from inside. These frames run parallel to the structural system of the building and are fixed at their base to the existing foundation of the building. Furthermore, they are constructed rapidly, do not occupy architectural space, save the building’s historic fabric, and can be easily replaced after an earthquake if some minor damage ensues. The proposed technique was applied to a five-story historical masonry building in Istanbul. The results of seismic performance analysis indicate that even though the building has plan irregularities, the proposed steel frames are able to effectively enhance the building’s seismic performance by reducing inter-story drifts and increasing lateral stiffness and strength.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Ichsan, Ilyas, and Abdul Haris Suleman. "Analisis Perencanaan Break Water Dalam Penanganan Sedimentasi Pantai Di Desa Botubarani." Gorontalo Journal of Infrastructure and Science Engineering 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gojise.v1i1.158.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Botubarani Beach is a coastal tourist attraction that has activities that can stimulate economic growth for people who are on the coast. Research and identification of the handling of natural phenomena in the shoreline is needed to provide the right handling solution in order to avoid increasing the level of more severe damage. The purpose of this study is to analyze and plan the types and dimensions of the right coastal protection building at Botubarani Beach. Beach buildings are used to protect the coast against damage caused by wave and current attacks. Coastal buildings are classified into three groups according to their function, ie construction constructed on shore and parallel to the shoreline (revetment), constructed on a straight coastal and coastal (groin and jetty) constructions constructed offshore and approximately parallel to the coastline (breakwater). The results of data analysis and calculation found that the building that will be used to handle sedimentation in Botubarani Beach is a break water building with the type of building that is rubble mount. Plate water level elevation is 1,694 m and for selected tetrapod protected layer.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Robertson, T. W. "The strengthening of Auckland Town Hall." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 29, no. 4 (December 31, 1996): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.29.4.273-279.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Auckland Town Hall, one of New Zealand's premier heritage buildings, was constructed around 1911 to provide Auckland with a world class concert venue and Civic Centre. Constructed of unreinforced masonry the building does not meet with today's seismic protection standards, particularly as a place of assembly. The owner of the building, Auckland City Council, determined that the building should be strengthened as part of an overall restoration programme. This paper describes the standards of strengthening adopted, the analysis and the strengthening systems utilised and is presented and published with the courtesy of Auckland City Council.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Kim, Hye-Jin, Do-Young Choi, and Donghyun Seo. "Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073611.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Song, Hung Chi. "The Composition and Meaning of the Housing Additions in Taiwan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2969.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The homeownership rate in Taiwan is 87.83% while the rate of the housing addition building is up to 65.9％[1]. It is common in Taiwan that residences constructed with additions are the ultimate form of home building, and those houses are mostly constructed with additions and the building are carried out after being purchased by the resident from the constructor. Neither permitted by the building rule nor designed by professional architects, those buildings are informal and do not conform to the contemporary aesthetic criteria. And in terms of the construction materials, the simple frame covered with a layer of sheet metal, such as iron sheet roofing, fails to provide thermal insulation materials particularly needed in subtropical Taiwan. This seems to be a construction myth on the surface, but the distinctive street landscape with squatter houses built everywhere has become a form of residence which reflects the life of common people [2]. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the form of residence additions and the meaning behind such building behavior, and to further scrutinize its social value. The “residence mode” formed by the residence addition building serves as the basis for the investigation in this research; then “the spatial composition” and “the socio-cultural value” it carries are further discussed so as to provide a clear representation of the contemporary residential housing and its significance in Taiwan.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Coates, Ian A., Andrew R. Hirst, and David K. Smith. "Optimizing Biomimetic Gelators Constructed from Amino Acid Building Blocks." Journal of Organic Chemistry 72, no. 10 (May 2007): 3937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo070317i.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Stegmann, Johannes. "Building a list of journals with constructed impact factors." Journal of Documentation 55, no. 3 (August 1999): 310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007148.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Lin, Zhi-En, and Guo-Yu Yang. "Germanate Frameworks Constructed from Oxo Germanium Cluster Building Units." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2010, no. 19 (June 1, 2010): 2895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201000363.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Liu, Jiawei, Jingtao Huang, Wenxin Niu, Chaoliang Tan, and Hua Zhang. "Unconventional-Phase Crystalline Materials Constructed from Multiscale Building Blocks." Chemical Reviews 121, no. 10 (April 2, 2021): 5830–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01047.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Mao, Song Ping, Zu Xu Zou, Yun Xia Xue, and Yuan Lin Li. "Research on Evaluation System and Environmental Construction for Energy-Efficiency about the Residential Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.400.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The consumption of building energy will be reduced in the future development, and the development of energy-efficient buildings will be a trend. The buildings have been divided into four classes, like the residential building, the public building, the industrial building and the agricultural building. As the energy evaluation of buildings had played an important role in the environmental construction, therefore the research was mainly focus on the residential building of energy evaluation work, by the analysis both on home and abroad about building energy evaluation of status, and combines national and area enacted of about building energy of evaluation standard, to construct a residential building evaluation system, and for the evaluation work service of residential building of energy by introducing a full of about the residential building evaluation system of constructed process.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Amoruso, Fabrizio, Udo Dietrich, and Thorsten Schuetze. "Development of a Building Information Modeling-Parametric Workflow Based Renovation Strategy for an Exemplary Apartment Building in Seoul, Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124494.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Apartments in South Korea have high maintenance costs and an average lifetime of 25 years due to poor construction qualities. The common apartment redevelopment strategy is completely demolishing the neighborhoods and then replacing them with new buildings. However, this research discusses the framework for the refurbishment of an existing building in Seoul using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and parametric tools. The virtual model of an exemplary existing building is constructed in a BIM environment. Parametric software is used to simulate the building’s environmental performance, in order to determine its energy demand for heating and cooling and the indoor comfort. In order to reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling, improve the indoor comfort, generate photovoltaic energy and extend the building’s lifetime, a modular building envelope renovation system is developed. Building simulation results of the improved building envelope are used to quantify the differences with the existing building. The research results illustrate significant improvements in energy performance, comfort and lifetime extension that can be achieved. Furthermore, a guideline for a streamlined building optimization process is provided, that can be transferred and used for the planning and optimization of other building renovation projects.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Köse, Eda, and Gülten Manioğlu. "Evaluation of the Performance of a Building Envelope Constructed with Phase-Change Materials in Relation to Orientation in Different Climatic Regions." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104003.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Minimizing the effect of climatic conditions and energy consumption in buildings are important issues to be considered in the building design process. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, there is an increase not only in the consumption of heating energy but also cooling energy. Certain passive measures to be taken primarily for the building envelope are necessary in order to reduce energy consumption. Applying a phase-change material on the surface of a building envelope is one of the new approaches for controlling heat transfer through the building envelope during the cooling period. It is known that phase-change materials, which are also considered as modern versions of thermal mass concept, can reduce the of a building’s heating and cooling energy consumption. In this study, a unit with 10m to 10m dimension with one external facade in a 3 storey building was evaluated in two cities, Istanbul and Diyarbakır, in temperate-humid and hot dry climatic regions. In order to reduce heating and cooling loads, a phase-change material was applied on the surface of the building envelope. The thickness of the phase-change material on the applied surface was increased at every step, and different building envelope alternatives were created. Heating and cooling energy consumptions were calculated for different orientations of the external facade. When calculated values are evaluated comparatively, it is seen that as the thickness of the phase-change material increases, the energy loads occurred in the unit decrease gradually. Equally, the performance of the phase-change materials varies depending on the orientation. Therefore, it is possible to determine the optimum thickness and orientation combination of the phase-change material application on a building envelope and reduce heating and cooling energy consumptions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Yamauchi, Takashi, Atsuo Hiramitsu, and Susumu Hirakawa. "Effect of ceiling and dry-type double floor on heavy-weight floor impact sound in concrete building and CLT building." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2298.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The air layer between the interior finishes and the structure is used as piping and wiring space. In many cases, ceilings and dry-type double floors are commonly constructed in Japan. However, the effect of the air layer of ceilings and dry-type double floors on the heavy-weight floor impact sound insulation performance has not yet quantitatively investigated. Therefore, in this study, the same floor and ceiling structures were constructed for concrete and CLT buildings, and the heavy-weight floor impact sound was investigated. As results, it was confirmed that the reduction amount of the heavy-weight floor impact sound by the ceiling tended to be smaller in CLT buildings than in concrete buildings. However, the trends were similar. Due to the dry-type double floor structure, the heavy-weight floor impact sound level was increased in concrete building and decreased in CLT building at 63 Hz in the octave band center frequency band. Therefore, it can be said that the dry-type double floor structure can be used to improve the heavy-weight floor impact sound performance in the CLT building.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Yang, Jing Ning, Gao Feng Shen, and Wen Feng Bai. "Light Weight Earth Material and its Application in the Alteration of Log Dwellings." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.500.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the construction of log building, the building's insulation effect is mainly achieved by the timber tightly connected, which usually requires a large flat timber that lead to the consumption of high-quality wood.In recent years, by the decline in quality of forest resources, existing log buildings are constructed with fast-growing wood which small diameter, and larger curvature. Compared with the traditional log building, the log wall constructed with fast-growing wood has wider gap, poor insulation and poor pest control.So it greatly increased consumption of firewood for heating.To compensate for this defect, this paper make a study of log building constructions wall structured with light weight earth material. Mixture of plant fibre and cement, is used as main reinforce component, together with raw soil to enhance the ability of anti-cracking and heat preservation, fixing the mixture of ligth clay on inner side of the construcion's wall to enhance the ability of heat preservation and getting smooth wall surface by fill the gap in the wall, and easy for decorating interior wall.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Kanteraki, Alkistis E., Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, Miltiadis Zamparas, Vasilis C. Kapsalis, Sofoklis S. Makridis, and Giouli Mihalakakou. "Investigating Thermal Performance of Residential Buildings in Marmari Region, South Evia, Greece." Challenges 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe11010005.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In recent decades, the steady increase of energy consumption from building construction and operations cause atmospheric pollution and significant financial burden, mainly due to the high costs imposed from energy production. This study examines ways under which modern designs of a building can be applied on construction and domestication while following conventional methods of construction, compared to a building that has been constructed and domesticated under bioclimatic architecture. Particularly, two buildings were investigated in terms of the energy consumption incurred, being built on the same seaside area and period of construction and at adjacent plots of the same distance from sea for ease of comparison. The first building (A1) was constructed under the principles of bioclimatic architecture, being also facilitated with green and smart technologies. The second building (A2) was constructed under conventional construction techniques. The energy efficiency of both buildings was calculated by the “TEE KENAK” software, while specific parameters were recorded. Energy classifications of both buildings were valued and a proposed scenario and interventions unveiled the energy classification upgrading from A2 to A1. Our analysis revealed, as also found in the literature, that during thermal energy oscillating conditions, corresponding relative humidity stresses were observed, indicating that the vapor pressure handling should be taken into account towards comfort. The preliminary incremental cost evaluation and comparison of A1 and A2 energy upgrading under the criterion of simple payback period were critically discussed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Braun, Andreas, Gebhard Warth, Felix Bachofer, Tram Thi Quynh Bui, Hao Tran, and Volker Hochschild. "Changes in the Building Stock of Da Nang between 2015 and 2017." Data 5, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5020042.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This descriptor introduces a novel dataset, which contains the number and types of buildings in the city of Da Nang in Central Vietnam. The buildings were classified into nine distinct types and initially extracted from a satellite image of the year 2015. Secondly, changes were identified based on a visual interpretation of an image of the year 2017, so that new buildings, demolished buildings and building upgrades can be quantitatively analyzed. The data was aggregated by administrative wards and a hexagonal grid with a diameter of 250 m to protect personal rights and to avoid the misuse of a single building’s information. The dataset shows an increase of 19,391 buildings between October 2015 and August 2017, with a variety of interesting spatial patterns. The center of the city is mostly dominated by building changes and upgrades, while most of the new buildings were constructed within a distance of five to six kilometers from the city center.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Li, W. B., G. L. Li, and Y. Yang. "RESEARCH OF FUZHOU HISTORICAL BUILDING MANAGEMENT PLATFORM BASED ON DATA WAREHOUSE TECHNOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 23, 2019): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-671-2019.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In order to solve the problem of "data island" in the management of Fuzhou historical buildings. This paper analyzes historical building management needs and historical building management indicators. Then the data warehouse model of historic buildings is constructed by using dimension modeling method, and a set of data warehouse of Fuzhou historic buildings is designed and established. Finally, a historical building management platform was built on the basis of the historical building data warehouse, which realized the entry, standardization, extraction and cleaning of historical building management data. It provides data support for data mining of historic buildings in order to realize the protection, activation, utilization and standardized management of Fuzhou historic buildings.</p>

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Jaweed Jilani Khan, Md, Dr Bellam Sivarama Krishna Prasad, and Dr Seshadri Sekhar.T. "Pushover Analysis of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Buildings With and Without Heavy Loads." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 21, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.3.14470.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This Study compares the Structural behavior of buildings constructed on plain ground and on hilly slopes, Firstly by considering normal loads and thereafter by considering heavy loads. The building constructed on plane ground behaves distinctively different from buildings constructed on hilly slopes. Behavior of buildings on plain is simple and symmetrical whereas the buildings on hilly slopes are asymmetrical and irregular in nature. Similarly commercial buildings with normal loading behaves differently in comparison to special buildings with heavy loading. Three different types of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Analytical Models are generated using "ETABS", and are studied under the effect of normal and heavy loads separately by performing Pushover analysis.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Yergün, Uzay, and Banu Çelebioğlu. "Steel Frame Construction Technology in Ottoman Architecture and “Metro Khan”." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.131.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

From the first quarter of the 18th century, an expansion to European civilization was beginning in Ottoman Empire and with Tanzimat period, this westernization fact had transformed to a fundamental innovation act in the structure of the state and society. European capital image gained by İstanbul created a symbolic view of change. However, a contradiction of traditional urban tissue, consisted by the timber buildings, necessitated a fundamental change in the urban and architectural structure. According to this aim, new building types which were necessary for the Tanzimat reforms (a period of time of political reforms during the Ottoman sultanate of Abdulmecid (r.1839-61) began to be constructed by the European architectural design models, with modern building materials and production technologies. In this context, construction technologies like jack arches, steel framework, fer-concrete and reinforced concrete, which are formed with structural materials like modern brick, iron beam, and concrete, are the factors of formation of the historical development process of the Ottoman architecture after the first years of the 19th century. From the middle of 19th century, use of the “steel beam” was beginning in the building product technology, depending on the evolution of the industrial metal technology in European countries. Technological level of the steel construction after “Jack Arch”, which is formed with the iron beam, has brought new expansions to the building production. As from the first years of the 20th century, buildings constructed by steel construction technology began to take place in Ottoman architecture. In this paper, the place of the steel-framed building technology in Ottoman architecture, especially the steel frame construction in the Tanzimat period buildings and their architectural design criteria will be presented. Besides, the conclusions based on the comparisons of structural and architectural design with the European architecture buildings will be indicated. “Metro Khan”, dated 1914, is the first building that was erected with this construction technology. This building is constructed as an administration and station building of the under ground train, named “Tünel”, which connects Pera and İstanbul Seaport. This paper traces the importance of the building in terms of conservation and cultural values, while benefiting from its characteristic architecture and static projects.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Abd. Samat, Roslida, Fong Teng Chua, Nur Akmal Hayati Mohd Mustakim, Sariffuddin Saad, and Suhaimi Abu Bakar. "Lateral Displacement and Shear Lag Effect of Combination of Diagrid-Frame." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401009.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Diagrid system, which is the portmanteau of diagonal grid member, is an exterior lateral load resisting system for tall building that has gained a wide acceptance in the design of tall buildings. There is abundance of researches that studied the efficiency of diagrid systems, which are constructed from the ground level to the top of the buildings in resisting the lateral load. Nevertheless, no study had been performed on the effectiveness of the diagrid that is constructed above other tall building systems despite the existence of a few buildings in the world that employ such system. The objective of this research is to understand the behavior of the lateral displacement and shear lag effect due to wind load when the diagrid structure is constructed above a frame. Models of 60-story buildings with a footprint of 36m x 36m were analyzed by using Staad.Pro software. The level where the diagrid members started was altered. The lateral displacement was reduced to 60.6 percent and 41 percent of the lateral displacement of a building with full frame system when the combination of frame-diagrid that had the diagrid started at Level 1 and Level 45, respectively were employed. Furthermore, the shear lag ratio was reduced from 1.7 to 1.3 when the level where the diagrid started was increased from Level 1 to Level 45.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Basukala, Shyam Sundar, and Prem Nath Maskey. "Seismic vulnerability of traditional masonry building a case study of Byasi, Bhaktapur." Journal of Science and Engineering 4 (April 3, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v4i0.22377.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Historic buildings of Nepal are mainly constructed from masonry structure. Since masonry structures are weak in tension which leads to the failure of structure. So, to avoid possible damage in environment lives and property it is urgent to conduct vulnerability assessments. Seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings constructed in Bhaktapur at Byasi area is carried out for the case study. Five load bearing masonry buildings were selected out of 147 buildings considering opening percentage, storey and type of floor for modeling in SAP 2000 V10 Various methods of rapid visual screening (FEMA 154, EMS 98) are used to determine the vulnerability of the selected building. The Selected Building response is carried out by linear time history analysis. The seismic vulnerability of masonry structures is determined in terms of fragility curves which represent the probability of failure or damage due to various levels of strong ground motions for different damage state slight, moderate, extensive and collapse. From the result of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and Fragility curves of the buildings it is found that whole, buildings are found vulnerable from future earthquake.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Kumar, S., S. Arun Prakash, V. Pandiyarajan, NB Geetha, V. Antony Aroul Raj, and R. Velraj. "Effect of phase change material integration in clay hollow brick composite in building envelope for thermal management of energy efficient buildings." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 4 (August 2, 2019): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259119867462.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The present trend in building research is to improve sustainability in building construction and operation. The development of new renewable technologies is essential to improve the sustainability and to reduce emissions. The incorporation of phase change materials in buildings is an effective way to reduce the room temperature fluctuations and cooling loads/heating loads. Although several works have been carried out in this field, a novel phase change material clay hollow-brick composite has been used in this work. This article discusses the research on investigating the thermal performance of phase change material integration in building walls. Two identical test rooms (3 m × 3 m × 3.65 m) were constructed to study the effect of phase change material integration in buildings. The experimental buildings were constructed for the warm and humid weather conditions of Chennai city, India. Phase change material integration in the building wall is beneficial for reduction of room temperature and provides passive cooling of the building. The temperature drop in a phase change material room compared with a non-phase change material room varies from 6°C to 2°C, during various months of the year. DESIGNBUILDER simulation was carried out for phase change material and non-phase change material buildings during the months of January, March, May, and July. The simulated room temperature variation follows the same pattern in these months.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Ryu, Sukhyun, Kyungho Yang, and Byung Chul Chun. "Community-acquired Legionnaires’ Disease in a Newly Constructed Apartment Building." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 50, no. 4 (July 31, 2017): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.066.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

MAESHIMA, Ayako. "BUILDING SYSTEM ABOUT ALUMINUM HOUSING CONSTRUCTED AT BREAKTHROUGH PROTOTYPE SITE." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 24, no. 58 (October 20, 2018): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.24.1179.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Sun, Shu, Sanping Chen, and Shengli Gao. "Inclusion cages constructed from trinuclear linear ZnII/CoII building blocks." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 61, no. 13 (July 10, 2008): 2068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958970701866135.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Han, Yide, Yi Li, Jihong Yu, and Ruren Xu. "A Gallogermanate Zeolite Constructed Exclusively by Three-Ring Building Units." Angewandte Chemie 123, no. 13 (February 23, 2011): 3059–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201006500.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Han, Yide, Yi Li, Jihong Yu, and Ruren Xu. "A Gallogermanate Zeolite Constructed Exclusively by Three-Ring Building Units." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 50, no. 13 (February 23, 2011): 3003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201006500.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Noro, Shin-ichiro, Susumu Kitagawa, and Tatsuo Wada. "Hydrogen-bonding assemblies constructed from metalloligand building blocks and H2O." Inorganica Chimica Acta 358, no. 2 (January 2005): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2004.08.011.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Arumugam, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi Keshav, Aravindan Achuthan, and Somashekar Dasappa. "Seismic Evaluation of Advanced Reinforced Concrete Structures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 16, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4518848.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Many reinforced concrete frame buildings were developed and constructed in Coimbatore zone III before 2002. In 2002, the seismic code IS 1893 was updated. As a result, structures constructed earlier in 2002 do not meet the codal criterion. The majority of structures through infilled walls were nondesigned with infills in consideration. This paper goals to appraise seismic exposure of an advanced reinforced present concrete building with infilled and without infilled frames. A pushover analysis was used to conduct this analysis. According to ATC40, the analysis shows the comportment levels of several building components for various stated concert objectives.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Valenti, Micheal. "Restoring a Piece of History." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 04 (April 1, 1999): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-apr-5.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article discusses that the French have traditionally maintained the appearance of their historic buildings by using the same materials and techniques used by the artisans who originally constructed them. While this strategy guaranteed the architectural integrity of the structures, it also limited the use of the buildings after their restoration, because historic materials are often unable to withstand the stresses of 20th century use and cannot meet modern building codes. Monuments Historiques reasoned that using modern materials would speed up restoration, adapt a building to modern uses, and still preserve its historic appearance. They demonstrated the feasibility of this marriage of 20th-century materials and 17th-century building styles with the restoration of the Brittany Parliament in Rennes after it had been gutted by fire. Investigators assessing the damage said that 50 percent of the soft stone would have to be replaced, as well as 70 percent of the stone in the building’s southeast pavilion.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Krzymień, Wiesław, Michał Szmidt, and Sławomir Cieślak. "Vibration Properties of Steel Constructed Hospital Elevated Helipads." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2020, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2020-0013.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractPolish Medical Air Rescue helicopters facilitate the rapid transport of patients to large hospitals. The requirements of the space around the helipad and the safety of flight operations mean that hospitals closer to city centers create more elevated helipads than ground-based helipads. The helipads can vary in the way they are constructed and located - depending on the possibilities offered by hospital buildings and their surroundings.Vibroacoustics Laboratory of the Institute of Aviation measured the vibration properties of some elevated helipads. The goal of this research was to determine the vibration properties of the helipads itself and the transmission of vibrations to the construction of the helipads, the building and its equipment caused by the landing and taking-off of a helicopter.This article presents some of the results of measurements of vibrations of steel constructed elevated helipads with the use of a modal hammer and while landing and taking-off of a helicopter, as well as comparison of the vibration properties concerning various elevated concrete helipads.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Ambatkar, Ms Sayali. "Design and Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Building (Three Storeyed R.C.C. School Building) using STAAD.PRO." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 2846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35427.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The field of Earthquake Engineering has existed in our country for over 35 years now. Indian earthquake engineers have made significant contributions to the seismic safety of several important structures in the country. However, as the recent earthquakes have shown, the performance of normal structures during past Indian earthquakes has been less satisfactory. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness amongst most practising engineers of the special provisions that need to be followed in earthquake resistant design and thereafter in construction. In India, the multi-storied building is constructed due to high cost and scarcity of land. In order to utilize maximum land area, builders and architects generally proposed asymmetrical plan configuration. These asymmetrical plan buildings, which are constructed in seismic prone areas, are likely to be damaged during earthquake. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which can be generate the most destructive forces on structure. Buildings should be made Safe for lives by proper design and detailing of structural member in order to have a ductile form of failure. The concept of earthquake resistant design is that the building should be designed to resist the forces, which arises due to Design Basic Earthquake, with only minor damages and the forces which arises due to Maximum Considered Earthquake, with some accepted structural damages but no collapse. This paper studies the Earthquake Resisting Building.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Zhang, Yue-Biao, and Jie-Peng Zhang. "Porous coordination polymers constructed from anisotropic metal–carboxylate–pyridyl clusters." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 2 (November 17, 2012): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-06-08.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

While isotropic metal–carboxylate clusters as secondary building blocks have enabled the rational design of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) with predictable topologies, augmented metal–carboxylate–pyridyl clusters can be used as anisotropic secondary building blocks to facilitate the construction of higher-connectivity frameworks and control over structural directionality in self-assembly.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Constructed building"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями