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Статті в журналах з теми "Constrained PPP"
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Tang, Xu, Shuanggen Jin, and Gethin Wyn Roberts. "Prior Position- and ZWD-Constrained PPP for Instantaneous Convergence in Real-Time Kinematic Application." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PPP using Kalman filter typically takes half an hour to achieve high positioning precision, which is required for small movements detection. Many dataset gaps due to temporary GPS receiver signal loss challenge the feasibility of PPP in GPS applications for kinematic precise positioning. Additional convergence time is needed before PPP reaches the required precision again. In this study, Partial parameters were estimated by using the position and ZWD as prior constraint. The solved partial parameters were applied to initialize the Kalman filter for PPP instantaneous re-convergence. A set of bridge GPS data with logging gaps were used to validate the re-convergence performance of improved PPP. The results show that the displacements from position-constrained PPP with initialized variance are 0.14 m, 0.09 m and 0.05 m, which are much better than those from standard PPP. The precision of displacement from position- and ZWD-constrained PPP with initialized variance is slightly improved when compared with that from position-constrained PPP with initialized variance at all 3 surveying points. The bridge experiment verifies that the displacement time series of improved PPP instantaneously converges at the first epoch of all signal reacquired, in contrast, standard PPP deviates by meters. This finding suggests that improved PPP can successfully deal with the GPS data logging gaps for instantaneous convergence.
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Su, Ke, Shuanggen Jin, and M. Hoque. "Evaluation of Ionospheric Delay Effects on Multi-GNSS Positioning Performance." Remote Sensing 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11020171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ionospheric delay is a significant error source in multi-GNSS positioning. We present different processing strategies to fully exploit the ionospheric delay effects on multi-frequency and multi-GNSS positioning performance, including standard point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) scenarios. Datasets collected from 10 stations over thirty consecutive days provided by multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) stations were used for single-frequency SPP/PPP and dual-frequency PPP tests with quad-constellation signals. The experimental results show that for single-frequency SPP, the Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs) correction achieves the best accuracy, and the accuracy of the Neustrelitz TEC model (NTCM) solution is better than that of the broadcast ionospheric model (BIM) in the E and U components. Eliminating ionospheric parameters by observation combination is equivalent to estimating the parameters in PPP. Compared with the single-frequency uncombined (UC) approach, the average convergence time of PPP with the external ionospheric models is reduced. The improvement in BIM-, NTCM- and GIM-constrained quad-constellation L2 single-frequency PPP was 15.2%, 24.8% and 28.6%, respectively. The improvement in convergence time of dual-frequency PPP with ionospheric models was different for different constellations and the GLONASS-only solution showed the least improvement. The improvement in the convergence time of BIM-, NTCM- and GIM-constrained quad-constellation L1/L2 dual-frequency PPP was 5.2%, 6.2% and 8.5%, respectively, compared with the UC solution. The positioning accuracy of PPP is slightly better with the ionosphere constraint and the performance of the GIM-constrained PPP is the best. The combination of multi-GNSS can effectively improve the positioning performance.
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Jiang, Yong. "Selection of PPP Projects in China Based on Government Guarantees and Fiscal Risk Control." International Journal of Financial Research 8, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v8n1p99.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an effective investment channel for government to provide public services. PPPs have the advantage of transferring some project risk to the private sector. They also imply that the public sector should establish appropriate laws and regulations to enable government departments to effectively avoid the emergence of new fiscal risks, which may affect the sustainability of fiscal budgets. This paper expounds the fiscal risks implied by PPP projects in China and the status of government guarantees in various forms of PPP projects; chance-constrained goal-programming (CCGP) is used to simulate government project selection under budget and risk control constraints. The analysis takes fiscal space, the expected costs and benefits of government guarantees, and the possibility of excess government subsidies into consideration. Constrained by fiscal risk minimization and budget limitations, PPP projects with government guarantees can maximize social-economic net present value and simultaneously optimize welfare. The paper also puts forward corresponding policy recommendations based on the research findings.
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Wang, Ren, Jingxiang Gao, Nanshan Zheng, Zengke Li, Yifei Yao, Long Zhao, and Yifan Wang. "Research on Accelerating Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Convergence with Atmospheric Constraint." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 5407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An increasing number of researchers have conducted in-depth research on the advantages of low-cost single-frequency (SF) receivers, which can effectively use ionospheric information when compared to dual-frequency ionospheric-free combination. However, SF observations are bound to increase the unknown parameters and prolong the convergence time. It is desirable if the convergence time can be reduced by external information constraints, for example atmospheric constraints, which include ionosphere- or troposphere constraints. In this study, ionospheric delay constraints, tropospheric delay constraints, and their dual constraints were considered. Additionally, a total of 18,720 test experiments were performed. First, the nearest-neighbor extrapolation (NENE), bilinear- (BILI), bicubic- (BICU), and Junkins weighted-interpolation (JUNK) method of Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) grid products were analyzed. The statistically verified BILI in the percentage of convergence time, average convergence time, and computation time consumption of them shows a good advantage. Next, the influences of global troposphere- and ionosphere-constrained on the convergence time of SF Precise Point Positioning (PPP) were analyzed. It is verified that the ionosphere-constrained (TIC2) has significant influence on the convergence time in the horizontal and vertical components, while the troposphere-constrained (TIC1) has better effect on the convergence time in the vertical components within some thresholds. Of course, the dual constraint (TIC3) has the shortest average convergence time, which is at least 46.5% shorter in static mode and 5.4% in kinematic mode than standard SF PPP (TIC0).
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Lu, Cuixian, Florian Zus, Maorong Ge, Robert Heinkelmann, Galina Dick, Jens Wickert, and Harald Schuh. "Tropospheric delay parameters from numerical weather models for multi-GNSS precise positioning." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 12 (December 13, 2016): 5965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5965-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The recent dramatic development of multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations brings great opportunities and potential for more enhanced precise positioning, navigation, timing, and other applications. Significant improvement on positioning accuracy, reliability, as well as convergence time with the multi-GNSS fusion can be observed in comparison with the single-system processing like GPS (Global Positioning System). In this study, we develop a numerical weather model (NWM)-constrained precise point positioning (PPP) processing system to improve the multi-GNSS precise positioning. Tropospheric delay parameters which are derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis are applied to the multi-GNSS PPP, a combination of four systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. Observations from stations of the IGS (International GNSS Service) Multi-GNSS Experiments (MGEX) network are processed, with both the standard multi-GNSS PPP and the developed NWM-constrained multi-GNSS PPP processing. The high quality and accuracy of the tropospheric delay parameters derived from ECMWF are demonstrated through comparison and validation with the IGS final tropospheric delay products. Compared to the standard PPP solution, the convergence time is shortened by 20.0, 32.0, and 25.0 % for the north, east, and vertical components, respectively, with the NWM-constrained PPP solution. The positioning accuracy also benefits from the NWM-constrained PPP solution, which was improved by 2.5, 12.1, and 18.7 % for the north, east, and vertical components, respectively.
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Luo, Jian Guo, and Jian You Han. "New Type of PPP-S[T]-PPP Hybrid Cubic Manipulator." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.516.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new type of hybrid cubic manipulator with six degree of freedom(DOF) suggested based on traditional serial manipulator and parallel manipulator, three dimensional translation and rotation of output shaft obtained through lineal driving. Define the description of spacial moving capability of common couples and translation base and rotation base of mechanism, based on the fact of mechanism consists of components, a new description method by topological graph theory of components relationship suggested, new description of serial mechanism and parallel mechanism and hybrid mechanism obtained with this method, description elements include component pane and constrained component pane and component relationship line and constrained component relationship line and spacial relative moving capability between adjacent components. DOF(degree of freedom) of hybrid mechanism analysised with example based on the definition of dimensionity of branch spacial moving capability and mechanism spacial moving capability, necessary and sufficient condition of nonsingularity of mechanism presented. Method of analytic geometry used to find the regular cuboid of the reachable working space shape of mechanism, the volume of the reachable working space rest with the limit of translation of couplers, its influential factors obtained, still the rotational angle limits of output shaft at given configuration analysised through the method of drawing, and limit length of guideway etc. are the primary influential factors.
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Wang, Chen, Zhang, Meng, and Wang. "Performance of Selected Ionospheric Models in Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System Single-Frequency Positioning over China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ionospheric delay as the major error source needs to be properly handled in multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) single-frequency positioning and the different ionospheric models exhibit apparent performance difference. In this study, two single-frequency positioning solutions with different ionospheric corrections are utilized to comprehensively analyze the ionospheric delay effects on multi-frequency and multi-constellation positioning performance, including standard point positioning (SPP) and ionosphere-constrained precise point positioning (PPP). The four ionospheric models studied are the GPS broadcast ionospheric model (GPS-Klo), the BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) broadcast ionospheric model (BDS-Klo), the BDS ionospheric grid model (BDS-Grid) and the Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) model. Datasets are collected from 10 stations over one month in 2019. The solar remained calm and the ionosphere was stable during the test period. The experimental results show that for single-frequency SPP, the GIM model achieves the best accuracy, and the positioning accuracy of the BDS-Klo and BDS-Grid model is much better than the solution with GPS-Klo model in the N and U components. For the single-frequency PPP performance, the average convergence time of the ionosphere-constrained PPP is much reduced compared with the traditional PPP approach, where the improvements are of 11.2%, 11.9%, 21.3% and 39.6% in the GPS-Klo-, BDS-Klo-, BDS-Grid- and GIM-constrained GPS + GLONASS + BDS single-frequency PPP solutions, respectively. Furthermore, the positioning accuracy of the BDS-Grid- and GIM-constrained PPP is generally the same as the ionosphere-free combined single-frequency PPP. Through the combination of GPS, GLONASS and BDS, the positioning accuracy and convergence performance for all single-system single-frequency SPP/PPP solutions can be effectively improved.
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Aggrey, John, and Sunil Bisnath. "Improving GNSS PPP Convergence: The Case of Atmospheric-Constrained, Multi-GNSS PPP-AR." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
GNSS positioning performance has been shown to improve with the ingestion of data from Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) and tropospheric zenith path delays, which are produced by, e.g., the International GNSS Service (IGS). For both dual- and triple-frequency Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing, the significance of GIM and tropospheric products in processing is not obvious in the quality of the solution after a few hours. However, constraining the atmosphere improves PPP initialization and solution convergence in the first few minutes of processing. The general research question to be answered is whether there is any significant benefit in constraining the atmosphere in multi-frequency PPP? A key related question is: regarding time and position accuracy, how close are we to RTK performance in the age of multi-GNSS PPP-AR? To address these questions, this paper provides insight into the conceptual analyses of atmospheric GNSS PPP constraints. Dual- and triple-frequency scenarios were investigated. Over 60% improvement in convergence time was observed when atmospheric constraints are applied to a dual-frequency multi-GNSS PPP-AR solution. Future work would involve employing the constraints to improve low-cost PPP solutions.
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Yang, Hao, Shengyue Ji, Duojie Weng, Zhenjie Wang, Kaifei He, and Wu Chen. "Assessment of the Feasibility of PPP-B2b Service for Real-Time Coseismic Displacement Retrieval." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 5011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traditional coseismic displacement retrieval generally uses real-time kinematic (RTK) and precise point positioning (PPP) services. However, both RTK and real-time PPP need a network link to transmit the corrected data. Although the network link may be interrupted when an earthquake happens, the PPP-B2b service broadcasted by geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites will not be affected. Its service range mainly covers China and the surrounding areas. In this research, the PPP method with PPP-B2b service based on constrained coordinates is proposed and overcomes the limitation of the network link and long convergence time. First, the accuracy of orbits and clock offsets for the PPP-B2b service is evaluated and compared with real-time service (RTS). Then, the simulated experiments are carried out using the PPP method with PPP-B2b service based on constrained coordinates, which tests the accuracy by calculating the coordinate displacement of the measurement station. The results show that the accuracy of PPP-B2b orbits in the radial direction is within 0.1 m. Moreover, regarding the accuracy of clock offsets, the PPP-B2b service is no more than 3.5 cm. This validates the feasibility of replacing RTS products with PPP-B2b. In the 15 min simulated experiments, the root mean square (RMS) of horizontal and vertical directions is maintained within 3 cm.
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Choi, Byung-Kyu, and Hasu Yoon. "Positioning stability improvement with inter-system biases on multi-GNSS PPP." Journal of Applied Geodesy 12, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The availability of multiple signals from different Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations provides opportunities for improving positioning accuracy and initial convergence time. With dual-frequency observations from the four constellations (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou), it is possible to investigate combined GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) accuracy and stability. The differences between GNSS systems result in inter-system biases (ISBs). We consider several ISB values such as GPS-GLONASS, GPS-Galileo, and GPS-BeiDou. These biases are compliant with key parameters defined in the multi-GNSS PPP processing. In this study, we present a unified PPP method that sets ISB values as fixed or constant. A comprehensive analysis that includes satellite visibility, position dilution of precision, position accuracy is performed to evaluate a unified PPP method with constrained cut-off elevation angles. Compared to the conventional PPP solutions, our approach shows more stable positioning at a constrained cut-off elevation angle of 50 degrees.
Дисертації з теми "Constrained PPP"
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Carcanague, Sébastien. "Low-cost GPS/GLONASS Precise Positioning algorithm in Constrained Environment." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), et en particulier sa composante actuelle le système américain GPS et le système russe GLONASS, sont aujourd'hui utilisés pour des applications géodésiques afin d'obtenir un positionnement précis, de l'ordre du centimètre. Cela nécessite un certain nombre de traitements complexes, des équipements coûteux et éventuellement des compléments au sol des systèmes GPS et GLONASS. Ces applications sont aujourd'hui principalement réalisées en environnement « ouvert » et ne peuvent fonctionner en environnement plus contraint. L'augmentation croissante de l'utilisation du GNSS dans des domaines variés va voir émerger de nombreuses applications où le positionnement précis sera requis (par exemple des applications de transport/guidage automatique ou d'aide à la conduite nécessitant des performances importantes en terme de précision mais aussi en terme de confiance dans la position –l'intégrité- et de robustesse et disponibilité). D'autre part, l'arrivée sur le marché de récepteurs bas-coûts (inférieur à 100 euros) capables de poursuivre les signaux provenant de plusieurs constellations et d'en délivrer les mesures brutes laisse entrevoir des avancées importantes en termes de performance et de démocratisation de ces techniques de positionnement précis. Dans le cadre d'un utilisateur routier, l'un des enjeux du positionnement précis pour les années à venir est ainsi d'assurer sa disponibilité en tout terrain, c'est-à-dire dans le plus grand nombre d'environnements possibles, dont les environnements dégradés (végétation dense, environnement urbain, etc.) Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse a été d'élaborer et d'optimiser des algorithmes de positionnement précis (typiquement basés sur la poursuite de la phase de porteuse des signaux GNSS) afin de prendre en compte les contraintes liées à l'utilisation d'un récepteur bas coût et à l'environnement. En particulier, un logiciel de positionnement précis (RTK) capable de résoudre les ambiguïtés des mesures de phase GPS et GLONASS a été développé. La structure particulière des signaux GLONASS (FDMA) requiert notamment un traitement spécifiques des mesures de phase décrit dans la thèse afin de pouvoir isoler les ambiguïtés de phase en tant qu'entiers. Ce traitement est compliqué par l'utilisation de mesures provenant d'un récepteur bas coût dont les canaux GLONASS ne sont pas calibrés. L'utilisation d'une méthode de calibration des mesures de code et de phase décrite dans la thèse permet de réduire les biais affectant les différentes mesures GLONASS. Il est ainsi démontré que la résolution entière des ambiguïtés de phase GLONASS est possible avec un récepteur bas coût après calibration de celui-ci. La faible qualité des mesures, du fait de l'utilisation d'un récepteur bas coût en milieu dégradé est prise en compte dans le logiciel de positionnement précis en adoptant une pondération des mesures spécifique et des paramètres de validation de l'ambiguïté dépendant de l'environnement. Enfin, une méthode de résolution des sauts de cycle innovante est présentée dans la thèse, afin d'améliorer la continuité de l'estimation des ambiguïtés de phase. Les résultats de 2 campagnes de mesures effectuées sur le périphérique Toulousain et dans le centre-ville de Toulouse ont montré une précision de 1.5m 68% du temps et de 3.5m 95% du temps dans un environnement de type urbain. En milieu semi-urbain type périphérique, cette précision atteint 10cm 68% du temps et 75cm 95% du temps. Finalement, cette thèse démontre la faisabilité d'un système de positionnement précis bas-coût pour un utilisateur routierGNSS and particularly GPS and GLONASS systems are currently used in some geodetic applications to obtain a centimeter-level precise position. Such a level of accuracy is obtained by performing complex processing on expensive high-end receivers and antennas, and by using precise corrections. Moreover, these applications are typically performed in clear-sky environments and cannot be applied in constrained environments. The constant improvement in GNSS availability and accuracy should allow the development of various applications in which precise positioning is required, such as automatic people transportation or advanced driver assistance systems. Moreover, the recent release on the market of low-cost receivers capable of delivering raw data from multiple constellations gives a glimpse of the potential improvement and the collapse in prices of precise positioning techniques. However, one of the challenge of road user precise positioning techniques is their availability in all types of environments potentially encountered, notably constrained environments (dense tree canopy, urban environments…). This difficulty is amplified by the use of low-cost receivers and antennas, which potentially deliver lower quality measurements. In this context the goal of this PhD study was to develop a precise positioning algorithm based on code, Doppler and carrier phase measurements from a low-cost receiver, potentially in a constrained environment. In particular, a precise positioning software based on RTK algorithm is described in this PhD study. It is demonstrated that GPS and GLONASS measurements from a low-cost receivers can be used to estimate carrier phase ambiguities as integers. The lower quality of measurements is handled by appropriately weighting and masking measurements, as well as performing an efficient outlier exclusion technique. Finally, an innovative cycle slip resolution technique is proposed. Two measurements campaigns were performed to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. A horizontal position error 95th percentile of less than 70 centimeters is reached in a beltway environment in both campaigns, whereas a 95th percentile of less than 3.5 meters is reached in urban environment. Therefore, this study demonstrates the possibility of precisely estimating the position of a road user using low-cost hardware
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Dam, Albert Anton ten. "Unilaterally constrained dynamical systems." [S.l : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1997. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/159407869.
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Chaves, Rui Pedro. "Coordinate structures constraint-based syntax-semantics processing." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/306318679.
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Awan, Malik Shahzad K. "Performance characterization of computational resources for time-constrained job execution in P2P environments." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57452/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing, involving the participation of thousands of general purpose, public computers, has established itself as a viable paradigm for executing looselycoupled, complex scientific applications requiring significant computational resources. The paradigm provides cheap, general-purpose computing resources with comparable computing power (FLOP/s) to an otherwise expensive supercomputer. The main characteristic of the paradigm is the volunteer participation of the general public, without any legal obligation, who dedicate their heterogeneous computational resources for advancing scientific research. The development of several middleware solutions have also furthered the application of P2P computing for solving complex scientific problems. The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is one of the most widely deployed middleware platforms in P2P systems, and has been deployed in more than 7.5 million general purpose computers for scientific computations, achieving an overall performance of 16,632.605 TeraFLOPS. ClimatePrediction.net, a large P2P project based on the BOINC middleware, involves more than 429,000 machines representing 200 different microprocessor architectures and running 21 distinct operating systems. The availability of such a large and diverse set of computational resources requires an in-depth investigation into the performance aspects of available computational resources in this dynamic P2P environment. This thesis analyses the performance data of ClimatePrediction.net primarily collected using two benchmarks, Dhrystone and Whetstone, which form part of the BOINC middleware. The results reveal a significant variation in integer and floating-point operational performance characterized by Dhrystone and Whetstone respectively for similar microprocessors, operating systems and hardware configurations. Under the BOINC environment, these performance results could be useful for: i) the selection of a suitable computing platform for executing time-constrained jobs; ii) calculating an incentive unit for rewarding project participants for their volunteer participation in large P2P projects to advance scientific research; and iii) efficient and effective utilization of available computational resources. However, the inconsistency in performance results of Dhrystone and Whetstone significantly affect their usefulness for the afore-mentioned three important applications areas, and highlight the need for reliability and consistency of performance results for obtaining maximum benefit in an uncontrolled and dynamic P2P environment. This thesis, based on the analysis of performance data of ClimatePrediction.net, identifies the key challenges associated with benchmarking in P2P environments. The thesis further suggests the design of a new light-weight P2P representative benchmark, by considering the source code of large P2P projects. The design outline of a new light-weight P2P representative benchmark – MalikStone – has been presented, whilst the results of MalikStone are compared with Dhrystone, Whetstone and CPU SPEC2006 and show its superiority in terms of consistency over both Dhrystone and Whetstone. For floating-point performance, MalikStone gave more representative results than Whetstone for Intel Corei5- 2400, Q9400, Q6600 and Pentium D processors with the standard deviation of repeated runs remaining less than 1 for each of the platforms. Similarly for integer operations, MalikStone also performed more consistently than Dhrystone with the standard deviation of repeated runs remaining less than 1 and gave more representative results for Corei5-2400, Q9400, Q6600 and Pentium D processors. In addition to the consistency in performance results, MalikStone captures broader performance characteristics by measuring floating-point, integer, bitwise-logic, string manipulation and programming construct operations. The performance results of MalikStone are further used for designing a new incentive unit – MalikCredit – for ensuring fairness in rewarding the project participants for their volunteer participation in large P2P projects to advance scientific research. MalikCredit is compared with BOINC’s existing incentive unit – Cobblestone, at three levels: 1) hourly level; 2) work-unit level; and 3) team-level; with the results showing fairness in rewards awarded using MalikCredit. This in turn is useful for retaining the existing project participants and attracting new volunteers for participating in large P2P projects, thereby, enhancing the application of P2P computing for solving scientific problems. A comparison of the credit values for the considered microprocessor architectures reveals that MalikCredit values are at least 2X more than Cobblestone values before normalization while the difference increases up to 3.3X for the fastest microprocessor, once normalization is applied to the claimed Cobblestones. The application of performance characterization done by MalikStone is further extended for scheduling computational resources by dynamically slicing the work-units keeping in view the available computational time of the resources and estimated execution time of the work-unit. The results of this new scheduling policy highlight their usefulness in maximizing the utilization of available computational resources when compared to BOINC’s traditional scheduling policies. The results have revealed that the policy improved the utilization of available computational resources by approximately 10% for the considered set of computational resources under the experimental setup considered in the case study (see Chapter 5). The findings of this thesis are envisaged to be primarily of significance to three main stakeholders: i) application developers; ii) project participants; and iii) project administrators. For application developers, the performance characterization done by MalikStone will be useful in exploiting the characteristics of underlying platforms for efficient execution, while at the same time supporting the improvement efforts for future versions of the software. The results will support project participants by informing them as to the amount of RAM, swap memory and main memory consumed during execution. The fairness in received rewards will encourage the existing project participants to continue participating in the lengthy execution of large P2P projects and will motivate the new volunteers to dedicate their computational resources to join large P2P projects. For the project administrators, the findings of this thesis will be useful in identifying suitable processor, operating system and hardware component configuration for best-case execution. In such a case the middleware might be instructed to postpone the allocation of work until a more effective architecture became available. Further, the newly proposed scheduling policy involving dynamic slicing of work-units based on the performance characterization of MalikStone could be deployed for improving the utilization of available computational resources. Finally, a few avenues of future research have been identified, which if explored could further enhance the appeal of this dynamic and uncontrolled P2P computing paradigm for cheaply solving complex and lengthy scientific problems that otherwise require enormous amount of financial cost as well as computational resources even exceeding that of traditional supercomputers.
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Eichhorn, Götz. "Travels in a changing world flexibility and constraints in migration and breeding of the barnacle goose /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
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Kaluvakuri, Swathi. "RESIDUE CLASS-BASED COMMON INTEREST NETWORK: A NOVEL APPROACH IN DESIGNING A LOW DIAMETER, TWO-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL, STRUCTURED P2P NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this research is to build an interest based peer – to – peer network which is structured yet non-DHT. Maintaining DHTs is a complex task and needs substantial amount of effort to handle the problem of churn. So, the major challenge facing such architectures is how to reduce this amount of effort while still providing an efficient data query service. The rationale behind choosing non- DHT based interest based network is that users sharing common interests are likely to share similar contents, and therefore searches for a particular type of content is more efficient if peers likely to store that content type are neighbors. We have used a mathematical model based on modular arithmetic, specifically residue class (RC), to design a two-level structured architecture. To the best of my knowledge, there does not exist any such work that has used this mathematical model.
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Huang, Sangxia. "Hardness of Constraint Satisfaction and Hypergraph Coloring : Constructions of Probabilistically Checkable Proofs with Perfect Completeness." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk datalogi, TCS, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168576.
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A Probabilistically Checkable Proof (PCP) of a mathematical statement is a proof written in a special manner that allows for efficient probabilistic verification. The celebrated PCP Theorem states that for every family of statements in NP, there is a probabilistic verification procedure that checks the validity of a PCP proof by reading only 3 bits from it. This landmark theorem, and the works leading up to it, laid the foundation for many subsequent works in computational complexity theory, the most prominent among them being the study of inapproximability of combinatorial optimization problems. This thesis focuses on a broad class of combinatorial optimization problems called Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). In an instance of a CSP problem of arity k, we are given a set of variables taking values from some finite domain, and a set of constraints each involving a subset of at most k variables. The goal is to find an assignment that simultaneously satisfies as many constraints as possible. An alternative formulation of the goal that is commonly used is Gap-CSP, where the goal is to decide whether a CSP instance is satisfiable or far from satisfiable, where the exact meaning of being far from satisfiable varies depending on the problems.We first study Boolean CSPs, where the domain of the variables is {0,1}. The main question we study is the hardness of distinguishing satisfiable Boolean CSP instances from those for which no assignment satisfies more than some epsilon fraction of the constraints. Intuitively, as the arity increases, the CSP gets more complex and thus the hardness parameter epsilon should decrease. We show that for Boolean CSPs of arity k, it is NP-hard to distinguish satisfiable instances from those that are at most 2^{~O(k^{1/3})}/2^k-satisfiable. We also study coloring of graphs and hypergraphs. Given a graph or a hypergraph, a coloring is an assignment of colors to vertices, such that all edges or hyperedges are non-monochromatic. The gap problem is to distinguish instances that are colorable with a small number of colors, from those that require a large number of colors. For graphs, we prove that there exists a constant K_0>0, such that for any K >= K_0, it is NP-hard to distinguish K-colorable graphs from those that require 2^{Omega(K^{1/3})} colors. For hypergraphs, we prove that it is quasi-NP-hard to distinguish 2-colorable 8-uniform hypergraphs of size N from those that require 2^{(log N)^{1/4-o(1)}} colors. In terms of techniques, all these results are based on constructions of PCPs with perfect completeness, that is, PCPs where the probabilistic proof verification procedure always accepts a correct proof. Not only is this a very natural property for proofs, but it can also be an essential requirement in many applications. It has always been particularly challenging to construct PCPs with perfect completeness for NP statements due to limitations in techniques. Our improved hardness results build on and extend many of the current approaches. Our Boolean CSP result and GraphColoring result were proved by adapting the Direct Sum of PCPs idea by Siu On Chan to the perfect completeness setting. Our proof for hypergraph coloring hardness improves and simplifies the recent work by Khot and Saket, in which they proposed the notion of superposition complexity of CSPs.Ett probabilistiskt verifierbart bevis (eng: Probabilistically Checkable Proof, PCP) av en matematisk sats är ett bevis skrivet på ett speciellt sätt vilket möjliggör en effektiv probabilistisk verifiering. Den berömda PCP-satsen säger att för varje familj av påståenden i NP finns det en probabilistisk verifierare som kontrollerar om en PCP bevis är giltigt genom att läsa endast 3 bitar från det. Denna banbrytande sats, och arbetena som ledde fram till det, lade grunden för många senare arbeten inom komplexitetsteorin, framförallt inom studiet av approximerbarhet av kombinatoriska optimeringsproblem. I denna avhandling fokuserar vi på en bred klass av optimeringsproblem i form av villkorsuppfyllningsproblem (engelska ``Constraint Satisfaction Problems'' CSPs). En instans av ett CSP av aritet k ges av en mängd variabler som tar värden från någon ändlig domän, och ett antal villkor som vart och ett beror på en delmängd av högst k variabler. Målet är att hitta ett tilldelning av variablerna som samtidigt uppfyller så många som möjligt av villkoren. En alternativ formulering av målet som ofta används är Gap-CSP, där målet är att avgöra om en CSP-instans är satisfierbar eller långt ifrån satisfierbar, där den exakta innebörden av att vara ``långt ifrån satisfierbar'' varierar beroende på problemet.Först studerar vi booleska CSPer, där domänen är {0,1}. Den fråga vi studerar är svårigheten av att särskilja satisfierbara boolesk CSP-instanser från instanser där den bästa tilldelningen satisfierar högst en andel epsilon av villkoren. Intuitivt, när ariten ökar blir CSP mer komplexa och därmed bör svårighetsparametern epsilon avta med ökande aritet. Detta visar sig vara sant och ett första resultat är att för booleska CSP av aritet k är det NP-svårt att särskilja satisfierbara instanser från dem som är högst 2^{~O(k^{1/3})}/2^k-satisfierbara. Vidare studerar vi färgläggning av grafer och hypergrafer. Givet en graf eller en hypergraf, är en färgläggning en tilldelning av färger till noderna, så att ingen kant eller hyperkant är monokromatisk. Problemet vi analyserar är att särskilja instanser som är färgbara med ett litet antal färger från dem som behöver många färger. För grafer visar vi att det finns en konstant K_0>0, så att för alla K >= K_0 är det NP-svårt att särskilja grafer som är K-färgbara från dem som kräver minst 2^{Omega(K^{1/3})} färger. För hypergrafer visar vi att det är kvasi-NP-svårt att särskilja 2-färgbara 8-likformiga hypergrafer som har N noder från dem som kräv minst 2^{(log N)^{1/4-o(1)}} färger. Samtliga dessa resultat bygger på konstruktioner av PCPer med perfekt fullständighet. Det vill säga PCPer där verifieraren alltid accepterar ett korrekt bevis. Inte bara är detta en mycket naturlig egenskap för PCPer, men det kan också vara ett nödvändigt krav för vissa tillämpningar. Konstruktionen av PCPer med perfekt fullständighet för NP-påståenden ger tekniska komplikationer och kräver delvis utvecklande av nya metoder. Vårt booleska CSPer resultat och vårt Färgläggning resultat bevisas genom att anpassa ``Direktsumman-metoden'' introducerad av Siu On Chan till fallet med perfekt fullständighet. Vårt bevis för hypergraffärgningssvårighet förbättrar och förenklar ett färskt resultat av Khot och Saket, där de föreslog begreppet superpositionskomplexitet av CSP.
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Luiz, Octaviano Rojas [UNESP]. "Práticas baseadas na gestão de projetos por corrente crítica e o desempenho de portfólio de produtos: um survey em empresas brasileiras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/147059.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A Gestão de Projetos por Corrente Crítica (Critical Chain Project Management – CCPM), uma abordagem fundamentada na Teoria das Restrições, tem apresentado alguns resultados efetivos na condução tanto de empreendimentos únicos quanto de vários simultaneamente. Apesar disso, a literatura pouco estudou esta abordagem para o desenvolvimento de produtos e na gestão de seu portfólio, áreas em que a Gestão de Projetos desempenha papel importante, e, especificamente, seus impactos no desempenho. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar a relação entre a aderência a preceitos e práticas da CCPM e o desempenho do portfólio de produtos em empresas. Para cumprir com estes objetivos, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa survey, com uma amostra de 79 empresas. Os resultados indicam que empresas praticantes de conceitos e ferramentas sugeridos pela CCPM apresentam melhores resultados, estatisticamente significativos, para os três fatores de desempenho em Gestão de Portfólio de Produtos adotados por esta pesquisa. Este estudo ainda aprofunda o conhecimento em CCPM e portfólio de produtos, ao estudar, por meio de testes não-paramétricos, a influência de algumas variáveis, como o nível de turbulência do ambiente organizacional, nos constructos desta pesquisa. Verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os fatores pesquisados e o nível de turbulência do ambiente. Além disso, as empresas que afirmaram adotar o guia PMBOK® utilizaram mais as práticas de CCPM.
The Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM), an approach based on the Theory of Constraints, has shown effective results in driving both single projects and concurrent multiple projects. Despite this, the literature has little studied this approach to product development and portfolio management, areas in which Project Management plays an important role, and specifically its impact on performance. Thus, the overall objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between adherence to rules and practices of CCPM and portfolio performance of the company's products. In order to meet these objectives, a survey research through a questionnaire was developed, conducted with 79 companies. The results show that companies adopting concepts and tools suggested by CCPM have better results, statistically significant, for the three performance factors in Product Portfolio Management adopted by this research. This research further deepens the CCPM and product portfolio knowledge, studying, by non-parametric tests, the influence of some variables, such as the level of turbulence in the organizational environment, in the research constructs. It was verified that there was no significant difference between the studied factors and the level of environmental turbulence. In addition, companies that have adopted the PMBOK® guide have used CCPM practices more.
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Khichane, Madjid. "Optimisation sous contraintes par intelligence collective auto-adaptative." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720232.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la mise en œuvre d'algorithmes auto-adaptatifs d'Intelligence Collective pour la résolution de problèmes d'optimisation modélisés dans un langage de Programmation par contraintes (PPC). Nous avons porté une attention particulière à la famille d'algorithmes de type " Ant Colony Optimization " (ACO). Nous avons développé trois contributions, à savoir : (1) Intégration des algorithmes de type ACO dans un langage de programmation par contraintes pour la résolution de problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes; (2) Proposition d'un algorithme hybride et générique où ACO est couplé à une approche complète pour résoudre des problèmes d'optimisation combinatoires (3) Proposition d'une stratégie capable d'adapter dynamiquement les paramètres de ACO.
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Lu, Hsiao-Heng, and 呂孝恆. "A Delay-constraint P2P Live Streaming System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07537607290441505845.
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碩士國立交通大學
網路工程研究所
99
Nowadays, content distribution services comprise most of the Internet traffic, and about half of them is contributed by video streaming. Live streaming (LS), which provides people a way to share what are currently happening in the world, will be one of the main streams of video services on the Internet. Playback delay, the time interval between events occur and the event video are watched by LS users, is the most important metric of LS systems. In this paper, we focus on providing LS services in tree-based P2P networks, so that systems could serve more users under high bandwidth requirement and maximum playback delay constraint. We proposed two algorithms: PCL algorithm, and local optimization algorithm. PCL places newly joining peers in the tree properly so that peers which contribute more upload bandwidth could experience lower playback delay, and local optimization aims to lower the average system playback delay in distributed manner. The simulation result indicates that our algorithms allow systems to serve more users than the system which adopts an algorithm that only considers playback delay. In addition to the simulation work, we have implemented a tree-based P2P LS prototype, which allows us to verify/improve the future proposed algorithms in real Internet.
Книги з теми "Constrained PPP"
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Workshop on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (2nd 1994 Rosario, Wash.). Principles and practice of constraint programming: Second international workshop, PPCP '94, Rosario, Orcas Island, WA, USA, May 2-4, 1994 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
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Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming: Second International Workshop, PPCP '94, Rosario, Orcas Island, WA, USA, May 2 - 4, 1994. Proceedings. Springer, 1994.
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Wanzo, Rebecca. Pop Culture/Visual Culture. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.34.
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Feminist scholars in fields as varied as art history, film studies, cultural studies, literary studies, sociology, communications, and performance studies have made important contributions to discussions about representations of gender and sexuality in everyday life. This chapter examines themes and issues in the feminist study of popular culture and visual culture, including: the history of sexist representation; the gendered nature of the “gaze” and the instability of that concept; the question of whether or not representation has effects; the anxieties surrounding consumption of “women’s texts”; and the challenges in deciphering women’s agency and authorship given constraints produced by institutions and ideology.
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Vernallis, Carol. Avant-Gardists and the Lure of Pop Music. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0014.
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This chapter provides methods and models for thinking about avant-garde and experimental films and videos that incorporate popular music. It sketches the history of intersections between avant-gardists and popular music. It also provides close readings of works by Kenneth Anger, Bruce Connor, Joseph Cornell, Derek Jarman, Tony Oursler, Pipilotti Rist, Andy Warhol and others. It claims that institutional, formal and cultural constraints not only limit the frequency with which avant-gardists participate with pop musicians and pop music, they also colour the audiovisual relations within the works themselves. Avant-garde films and videos with pop soundtracks emphasise particular kinds of audiovisual relation—relations that differ from sound-image connections in narrative films, YouTube clips, commercials and music videos. It is demonstrated that this experimental subgenre embodies a unique sort of sound-image relation and suggests, finally, that these videos can expand our knowledge of audiovisual relations more broadly.
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Hu, Xuhui. Encoding applied arguments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0006.
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This chapter applies the theoretical framework of events to the study of non-core arguments. The applied argument in the symmetric applicative construction is introduced by a PP. This PP serves as the modifier of the event predicate, and its head, a null P, is incorporated into V. In an asymmetric applicative, including the ditransitive construction in English, two predicates are involved: in addition to the matrix verb, the other predicate is a PHAVEP. The derivation of this construction is therefore by nature identical to that of English resultatives. An implication of this chapter concerns the syntactic distinction between core arguments and non-core arguments. The core argument is merged in either [Spec EP] or [Spec FP], while the applied argument is introduced elsewhere providing its merge position is permitted by general syntactic constraints.
Частини книг з теми "Constrained PPP"
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Xiang, Yan, Yang Gao, and Yihe Li. "Ionospheric STEC and VTEC Constraints for Fast PPP." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 257–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4591-2_21.
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Eyckerman, Reinout, Muddsair Sharif, Siegfried Mercelis, and Peter Hellinckx. "Context-Aware Distribution In Constrained IoT Environments." In Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, 437–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02607-3_40.
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Li, Tie-Yan. "Time Constraint Delegation for P2P Data Decryption." In Security in Pervasive Computing, 173–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39881-3_16.
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Zang, Nan, Qin Zhang, Shijun Li, Guanwen Huang, and Shuangcheng Zhang. "GNSS Dynamic PPP Based on Additional Priori Coordinate and Epoch Constraints Information." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 269–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54743-0_23.
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Al-Hawri, Eman, Noelia Correia, and Alvaro Barradas. "RELOAD/CoAP P2P Overlays for Network Coding Based Constrained Environments." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 307–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56077-9_30.
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Su, Hui-Kai, Wen-Hsu Hsiao, Jian-Ting Pan, Chen-Hung Liao, Kim-Joan Chen, and Chien-Min Wu. "A Multi-constraint Resource Search Algorithm for P2P-SIP Conference Services." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 360–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35606-3_42.
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García-Muñoz, Fernando, Francisco Díaz-González, and Cristina Corchero. "P2P Energy Trading Model for a Local Electricity Community Considering Technical Constraints." In Smart Cities, 285–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96753-6_20.
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Gomes, Eliza, Rubens Zanatta, Patricia Plentz, Carlos De Rolt, and Mario Dantas. "An Approach of Time Constraint of Data Intensive Scalable in e-Health Environment." In Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, 158–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61105-7_16.
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Mukhopadhyay, Jaya, Vikash Kumar Singh, Sajal Mukhopadhyay, and Anita Pal. "A Balanced Dissemination of Time Constraint Tasks in Mobile Crowdsourcing: A Double Auction Perspective." In Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, 74–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61105-7_8.
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Ohmura, Takahito. "Nanomechanical Characterization of Metallic Materials." In The Plaston Concept, 157–95. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7715-1_8.
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AbstractMechanical behavior of metallic materials on nanoscale is characterized by using Nanoindentation and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to understand the fundamental plasticity mechanisms associated with microstructural factors including dislocations. The advanced characterization techniques enable us to grasp the behavior on the nanoscale in detail. New knowledges are obtained for the plasticity initiation under the extremely high stress close to the theoretical strength in regions with defect-free matrix and pre-existing defects such as grain boundaries, in-solution elements, and dislocations. The grain boundaries act as an effective dislocation source, the in-solution elements retard a nucleation of dislocation, and the pre-existing dislocations assist a plasticity initiation. The deformation behavior associated with microstructures is also described. The dislocation structure with a certain density was observed right after indentation-induced strain burst, which is so-called “pop-in,” suggesting a dislocation avalanche upon the pop-in. It has been directly observed that the lower mobility screw dislocation causes the higher flow stress in a bcc metal. A remarkable strain softening can be understood by an increase in dislocation density based on conventional physical models. Phase stability for indentation-induced transformation depends on a constraint effect by inter-phase boundary and grain boundary.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Constrained PPP"
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Aggrey, John, Garrett Seepersad, and Sunil Bisnath. "Performance Analysis of Atmospheric Constrained Uncombined Multi-GNSS PPP." In 30th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2017). Institute of Navigation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2017.15121.
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Yehorycheva, Svitlana, and Tetiana Hudz. "Modernization of the mechanism for financing rural development in Ukraine." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.009.
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Rural areas occupy the major part of the territory of Ukraine, but they are characterized by low levels of socio-economic development, limitations in the amount and quality of public services, negative demographic trends. The aim of the article is to systematize modern means of financing rural development in Ukraine and to identify problems of their application by local governments. The authors proposed to improve the mechanism for financing rural development by active use its budgetary, credit and investment instruments. The prevalence of budgetary funding, whose limitation constrained rural development, was proven. Modern approaches to financing rural development were stated based on broadening community involvement in local budgeting, as well as in attracting investment resources. It has been found out that government subventions are the most powerful support instrument for rural development in the spheres of infrastructure, education, health care etc. The possibilities of financing rural development through the development budgets under financial decentralization have been investigated. It was noted that the use of participatory budgeting and other forms of project finance most clearly demonstrated real democratic transformations in local finance in Ukraine. The proposals for the use of PPP agreements, crowdfunding, and international funds’ grant programs for financing rural development were provided.
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Rolf, Carl Christian, and Krzysztof Kuchcinski. "State-copying and Recomputation in Parallel Constraint Programming with Global Constraints." In 16th Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdp.2008.48.
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Mohd Zulkefli, Mohd Azrin, and Zongxuan Sun. "Real-Time Powertrain Optimization Strategy for Connected Hybrid Electrical Vehicle." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9727.
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Connected Vehicle (CV) technology, which allows traffic information sharing, and Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV) can be combined to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. However, transient traffic information in CV environment necessitates a fast HEV powertrain optimization for real-time implementation. Model Predictive Control (MPC) with Linearization is proposed, but the computational effort is still prohibitive. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and Adaptive-ECMS are proposed to minimize computation time, but unable to guarantee charge-sustaining-operation (CS). Fast analytical result from Pontryagin’s Minimum Principles (PMP) is possible but the input has to be unconstrained. Numerical solutions with Linear Programming (LP) are proposed, but over-simplifications of the cost and constraint functions limit the performance of such methods. In this paper, a nonlinear CS constraint is transformed into linear form with input variable change. With linear input and CS constraints, the problem is solved with Separable Programming by approximating the nonlinear cost with accurate linear piecewise functions which are convex. The piecewise-linear functions introduce new dimensionless variables which are solved as a large-dimension constrained linear problem with efficient LP solvers. Comparable fuel economy with Dynamic Programming (DP) is shown, with maximum fuel savings of 7% and 21.4% over PMP and Rule-Based (RB) optimizations. Simulations with different levels of vehicle speed prediction uncertainties to emulate CV settings are presented.
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Chen, Han-Ting, Jenn-Tsong Horng, and Ying-Huei Hung. "Optimal Thermal Design for PPF Heat Sinks." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41750.
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An effective method for predicting and optimizing the thermal performance of Parallel-Plain Fin (PPF) heat sinks that satisfy given design constraints has been successfully developed in the study. The thermal and hydrodynamic performance analyses for PPF heat sinks have been conducted. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is applied to establish analytical models of the thermal resistance and pressure drop in terms of the design variables with a Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design. A constrained optimization technique, Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), is employed to efficiently seek the optimal designs; and the comparisons between these predicted optimal designs and those evaluated by the theoretical calculations are made with a satisfactory agreement.
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Ma, Yining, Jingwen Li, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Hongliang Guo, Yuejiao Gong, and Yeow Meng Chee. "Efficient Neural Neighborhood Search for Pickup and Delivery Problems." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/662.
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We present an efficient Neural Neighborhood Search (N2S) approach for pickup and delivery problems (PDPs). In specific, we design a powerful Synthesis Attention that allows the vanilla self-attention to synthesize various types of features regarding a route solution. We also exploit two customized decoders that automatically learn to perform removal and reinsertion of a pickup-delivery node pair to tackle the precedence constraint. Additionally, a diversity enhancement scheme is leveraged to further ameliorate the performance. Our N2S is generic, and extensive experiments on two canonical PDP variants show that it can produce state-of-the-art results among existing neural methods. Moreover, it even outstrips the well-known LKH3 solver on the more constrained PDP variant. Our implementation for N2S is available online.
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Fidha, Sleh El, Malek Mouhoub, Nahla Ben Amor, and Eisa Alanazi. "Representing and reasoning with constrained PCP-nets." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122742.
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Dahl, Verónica. "Session details: Constraints." In PPDP '09: Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3253861.
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Hanazawa, Yuki, Yusuke Sasaki, and Hiroyoshi Miwa. "Efficient Degree Constrained Broadcast Method on P2P Networks." In 2009 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCOS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incos.2009.52.
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Nagao, Takahiro, and Naoki Nishida. "Proving inductive validity of constrained inequalities." In PPDP '16: 18th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2967973.2968598.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Constrained PPP"
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Carvalho, Joana, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. Risk Matrix and PPP Contract Standardization, Best Practice, and Gap Analysis in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used to address the need for the implementation of huge investment programs and to bridge the infrastructure gap that exists in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. As is explained throughout this paper, under certain circumstances, PPPs represent an important tool to help governments implement their investment programs, thereby benefiting not only from private investment (which often includes foreign investment) but also from the various advantages that are typically associated with the PPP model. However, the need to secure financing for investment needs, especially in a situation of scarce public resources and fiscal constraints, should not be the only reason for choosing the PPP model. The objective of this paper is to highlight that the PPP model can be a valuable tool for undertaking public projects in an efficient and innovative manner and that it can provide more efficient and innovative public services in certain circumstances as well. In addition, when correctly used, it can generate public savings and create the fiscal space that LAC countries need to carry out their investments.
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Keller, David P. Quantification of “constrained” potential of ocean NETs. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d4.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study uses an existing perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) of simulated ocean CO2 removal (CDR) to better determine sustainable pathways of ocean-based NET deployment and to provide information to constrain the design of subsequent modelling experiments. The results show that ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) can only help meet SDG13 (Climate Action) when other ambitious mitigation efforts are taken. This reinforces that OAE is not a substitute for emissions reduction, but could contribute to meeting our climate goals (if other factors suggest OAE is worth doing). For SDG14 (Life Below Water), the results suggest OEA can contribute to limiting or even reversing ocean acidification. Meeting many other SDG14 objectives is closely linked to also meeting SDG13. A key recommendation is therefore, that subsequent simulations in OceanNETs should only use SDG13 compatible baseline scenarios, unless there is some specific need for process understanding at higher levels of climate change. The analysis has also determined that the idealized CDR in the PPE is not suitable for determining many socio-economic constraints and the implications that these have for meeting the SDGs. Another key recommendation is therefore, that subsequent simulations within OceanNETs should use more realistic scenarios of CDR deployment.
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Oduncu, Arif. Country Diagnostic Study – The Kyrgyz Republic. Islamic Development Bank Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for the Kyrgyz Republic uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy (MCPS). During the last two decades, the Kyrgyz Republic has recorded low performance in economic development. The country recorded only 3.0 percent of average annual Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)-adjusted Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth from 2000 to 2019. The Kyrgyz Republic is facing several economic and social problems that are challenging its economic development model. This CDS report shows that the most binding constraints to inclusive and sustainable growth include i) low human capital, ii) poor infrastructure, iii) government and market failures, and iv) high cost of capital. The Kyrgyz development model’s performance is a subject of concern not only for the government and other local stakeholders but also for the technical and financial partners of the Kyrgyz Republic, including the Islamic Development Bank. The MCPS aims to contribute to the global efforts made by the Kyrgyz Republic to meet its economic and social needs through leveraging opportunities offered by the new business model of the Bank. Given the Kyrgyz Republic’s positives, the Bank can consider financing transport, energy and ICT infrastructure projects and supporting manufacturing and agricultural sectors to assist economic growth.
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Cabrera, Wilmar, Santiago Gamba, Camilo Gómez, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Examining Macroprudential Policy through a Microprudential Lens. Banco de la República, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1212.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we examine the financial and real effects of macroprudential policies with a new identifying strategy that exploits borrower-specific provisioning levels for each bank. Locally, we compare similar firms just below and above regulatory thresholds established in Colombia during 2008--2018 for the corporate credit portfolio. Our results indicate that the scheme induces banks to increase the provisioning cost of downgraded loans. This implies that, for loans with similar risk but with a discontinuously lower rating, banks offer a lower amount of credit, demand higher quality guarantees, and impose a higher level of provision coverage through the loan-loss given default. To illustrate, a 1 percentage point (pp) increase in the provision-to-credit ratio leads to a reduction in credit growth of up to 15pp and lowers the probability of receiving new credit by up to 11pp. When mapping our results to the real sector, we find that downgraded firms are constrained in their investment decisions and experience a contraction in liabilities, equity, and total assets.
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Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax burden. The selected timeline overlaps with the formation of five of six constitutions adopted in the State of Alabama, including 1861, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1901. Having these years as the focal point makes for an especially meaningful case study, given how much these constitutional formations made the state a site for much political debate. These data contain 5,121 pages of periodicals from newspapers throughout the state, including: Alabama Sentinel, Alabama State Intelligencer, Alabama State Journal, Athens Herald, Daily Alabama Journal, Daily Confederation, Elyton Herald, Mobile Daily Tribune, Mobile Tribune, Mobile Weekly Tribune, Morning Herald, Nationalist, New Era, Observer, Tuscaloosa Observer, Tuskegee News, Universalist Herald, and Wilcox News and Pacificator. The contemporary relevance of these historical debates manifests in Alabama’s current constitution which was adopted in 1901. This constitution departs from well-established conventions of treating the document as a legal framework that specifies a general role of governance but is firm enough to protect the civil rights and liberties of the population. Instead, it stands more as a legislative document, or procedural straightjacket, that preempts through statutory material what regulatory action is possible by the state. These barriers included a refusal to establish a state board of education and enact a tax structure for local education in addition to debt and tax limitations that constrained government capacity more broadly. Prohibitive features like these are among the reasons that, by 2020, the 1901 Constitution has been amended nearly 1,000 times since its adoption. However, similar procedural barriers have been duplicated across the U.S. since (e.g., California’s Proposition 13 of 1978). Reference: Schumpeter, Joseph. [1918] 1991. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” Pp. 99-140 in The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Richard Swedberg. Princeton University Press.
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Public–Private Partnership Monitor: Papua New Guinea. Asian Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/sgp210068-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The public–private partnership (PPP) market in Papua New Guinea is at a nascent stage. The country has witnessed six financially closed projects with an investment of $433 million and predominantly in the energy sector. The small number of PPPs stems from the lack of a robust enabling framework, limited public sector capacities to design and manage PPPs, and constrained ability of the government to fund infrastructure development. Realizing the critical role of PPPs in helping achieve the country’s infrastructure investment target, the government is implementing the PPP Act of 2014 and setting up enabling institutions to increase financing and investment opportunities.