Статті в журналах: "Consorzi"

1

Parolo, G. "I consorzi a Sanguisorba dodecandra Moretti della Val di Togno (Alpi Retiche, Sondrio)." Webbia 59, no. 1 (January 2004): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2004.10670767.

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2

Parri, Leonardo. "I giochi della cooperazione tra piccoli imprenditori: i consorzi di vendita come istituzioni." Quaderni di Sociologia, no. 13 (April 1, 1997): 109–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/qds.1682.

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3

D'Andreamatteo, Antonio, Luca Ianni, and Massimo Sargiacomo. "Contabilità e Governo dell'Economia Agricola della Nazione: Arrigo Serpieri e la Riforma dei Consorzi di Bonifica." CONTABILITÀ E CULTURA AZIENDALE, no. 1 (January 2015): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/cca2014-001006.

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4

Ponomarenko, O. L., and M. V. Shulman. "Influence of seasonal climatic factors on the dynamics of birds interactions with oaks consortia." Ecology and Noospherology 30, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031915.

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The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual oak consortia (Quercus robur L.) of the linden-ash oak forests. This work material was collected during different seasons of the 2004–2010 years in a linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of the ecological profile of the NSC «Bel'gard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary», Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 281 examples of three age conditions oak trees (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals – g2–g3) has been investigated. The daily time budget decreases by 2–2,5 times in autumn for all oak ages that have been studied. But the number of consort birds is reduced by 2 times only for virgin and old generative oaks. The young generative oak is attractive enough for birds in autumn. The ratio of the trophic and topical share interactions for all trees ages does not change significantly in autumn. Birds don’t interact with the virgin oak in winter practically. This age oak can’t propose enough food or places for birds’ protection from predators. Oaks in age g1–g3, on the contrary, are in demand by the birds. There 7 birds species on g1 oaks and 13 species on g2–g3 oaks were recorded in winter. The birds’ daily time buds for the one oak example are low in winter, and by the 90 times reduce compared with the summer. The bird time budget basis in winter are the trophic interactions. The birds’ activity on oak sharply increases in spring and exceeds 1,5–2 times the summer parameters on virgin and mature generative oak (g2–g3). Birds on oak spend most of their time on topical interactions during this season because of the oak important role in the birds reproduction. On the other hand, the young generative oak (g1) is not in demand by the birds in spring because of insufficient crown density and the oaks of this age location at the edge. The number of bird species on oak in spring is less than in summer due to the late onset of leaf blooming on the oak. A significant part of the birds’ activity in the spring moves to the lower tier of the forest because of the earlier vegetation beginning. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the consorting groups of common oak throughout the year retain the main features of their organization. The virgin oak is characterized by a stochastic nature of the birds interaction with the consortium core and almost hasn’t obligate consort birds. Young generative oak is actively forming a trophic relations system with consorts due to intensive linear growth. At this age, first of all, general indicators are formed – time and mass budgets. The consortium of mature and old generative oak has a significantly larger number of bird species consorts and their interactions diversity with the tree. This can help to increase the stability of consorting groups. In most cases in the oak consortium the trophic component of the consortium form earlier then the topical. The specific location of the virgin and young generative oak at the lit positions in the lime-ash oak forests influences the oak consortia formation in a considerable scale. The number of types of interactions between the consort and the autotroph is the most effective indicator, which shows a high level of the consortium development. The stability of consortial relations between birds and English oak grows throughout the year from virgin oak to mature and old generative. The virgin oak unstable consorting groups have fluctuations of the species number during the year up to 100 % (the number of consort species in summer was chosen as the initial value). The consortia species composition fluctuations reach 81,82 % for young generative oak, and 59,26 % – for mature and old generative oak. The mature and old generative oak consortia attract seasonal bird species that replace each other throughout the year more actively. This ensures the stability of year-round control of phytophage populations.

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Cupidi, Claudia, Luciano De Guidi, Massimo Minuti, and Simone Severini. "Il ruolo dei Consorzi di Difesa nella gestione delle assicurazioni agricole in Italia: una valutazione dei benefici economici di alcuni servizi offerti ai soci." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA, no. 3 (July 2014): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rea2013-003004.

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6

Pomarici, Eugenio, Alessandro Corsi, Simonetta Mazzarino, and Roberta Sardone. "The Italian Wine Sector: Evolution, Structure, Competitiveness and Future Challenges of an Enduring Leader." Italian Economic Journal 7, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 259–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40797-021-00144-5.

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AbstractThe Italian wine supply chain has performed well in recent decades both in terms of profitability and success on the domestic and international markets. This is despite the fact that it is fragmented in terms of products, prices and consumption context, and, in particular, despite the fact that it is characterised by an organisation that hinders the full exploitation of economies of scale. This paradox has not been investigated in literature. We propose several elements in support of the hypothesis that the Italian wine sector’s success is linked to favourable elements of the Porter Diamond Model (5 out of 6) but also to the “district” nature of a large part of the sector. The presence of numerous networks, some of which are formal and others informal, gives most Italian local production systems specialising in grapes and wine the characteristics of industrial districts, due to the local social capital that is stratified there. These networks include operators such as Cooperatives and Consorzi di Tutela, upstream and downstream industries and services, tourism, research and educational bodies. Such networks can overcome the weakness represented by the low concentration and small average size of the operators. To support this hypothesis, we analyse the historical evolution of the sector and its drivers, the structural features of the different phases of the wine chain (grape growing, winemaking, bottling and distribution), the market relationships within the chain and the national and European policies favouring the sector. This analysis also underlines the differences between the Italian sector and its competitors from the Old and New World.

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7

Smirnova, Tatiana V. "On the History of Early Musical Groups: Instrumental Consorts in England at the Turn of the 16th—17th Centuries." Observatory of Culture 16, no. 5 (December 4, 2019): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-5-494-503.

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Appealing to the stated topic is relevant because of the desire to concretize the knowledge of little-known in Russian musicology instrumental consorts (musical groups), as well as to expand the existing understanding of the court culture of Renaissance England and its musical and sound appearance. The main center of English consorts development was the Royal court of the Tudors — Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I. Their heyday was at the peak of the “Golden Age” of English culture. Based on the results of scientific research by Western scientists and visual and verbal sources available for study, the article outlines the milestones in the history of the main types of instrumental consort in England — the whole consort, consisting of instruments of the same family, and the broken consort, today often identified with the mixed consort, which connects heterogeneous instruments. The article notes that the early history of the recorder consort in England was closely connected with creative activities of the family of Venetian musicians Bassano. Extremely popular in musical circles of England, the consort of viol was originally formed thanks to Flemish and, somewhat later, Italian musicians. As for the mixed consort, which united performers of the viols da gamba and da braccio, lute, bandore, cistre and recorder, it started to be called “English” because of the stable combination of certain musical instruments. Analysis of consort music anthologies of the 16th—17th centuries made it possible to identify individual genre and musical-style reference points in musical groups’ repertoire, in which musicians improved the principles of instrumental polyphony and the stile concertante, topical in the Modern Period.

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8

Nurnberg, Peter, John D. Berard, Jorg T. Epplen, and Jorg Schmidtke. "Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Reproductive Success in Male Rhesus Macaques." Behaviour 129, no. 3-4 (1994): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00604.

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AbstractMale rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago use rank-dependent alternative reproductive tactics. High-ranking males can form long-term consorts and guard female mates while low-ranking males frequently resort to quick copulations under the cover of vegetation. No single reproductive tactic provided the Group S males with a definitive reproductive advantage during the one-year study. Males using the long-term tactic and the quick, stealth tactic sired five offspring each, but fewer males used the long-term consort tactic. Males using the long-term reproductive tactic have significantly greater mating success than males using the quick, sneaky tactic, and may have greater reproductive success. The highest-ranking males who form long-term consorts had the greatest degree of reproductive success. This indicates that for the highest-ranking males, forming long-term consorts is the most effective reproductive tactic. The effectiveness of alternative tactics for high-ranking males (i.e. consort disruption and possessive following) was equivocal. Consort disruption had no immediate effect on reproductive success. Possessive following may have resulted in the siring of two offspring by the alpha male, but was ineffective in other cases, where the females were inseminated by subordinate males. The effectiveness of the quick, furtive tactic was demonstrated by the siring of 45% of the infants by males who used this tactic.

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9

Woodacre, Elena. "The Queen of Navarre and a queen from Navarre: Comparing the experience of queenship of Leonor de Trastámara and Joan of Navarre." Studia Historica. Historia Medieval 39, no. 2 (November 12, 2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/shhme3921129.

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This article offers an intensive comparison of two queen consorts, Leonor de Trastámara, consort of Carlos III of Navarre (r. 1387-1425) and her sister-in-law, Joan of Navarre, consort of Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413). Key similarities and differences in their lives and experience of queenship are revealed by an examination of the major ceremonies that marked their tenure as consort and their personal exercise of the queen’s office. As well as bringing greater illumination to their individual lives, the comparison also deepens our understanding of queenship, not only in Navarre and England, but more broadly in the later middle ages.

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10

Borysova, O. V. "Algal cultures as a model object of studding algal-bacterial communities (consortia)." Algologia 32, no. 2 (June 2022): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg32.02.167.

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An information on the results of the microbiological analysis of xenic cultures of green (Chlorophyta) and charophytes (Charophyta) algae is given. Algal xenic cultures are regarded as communities (consortia) of heterogeneous organisms connected with each other by trophic and topic interactions and composed of a center nucleus (autotrophic algae of one species) and consorts (several species of heterotrophic bacteria). Twelve algal xenic cultures of freshwater (Сhlorella vulgaris Beij., Coelastrum rugosum (P.G. Richt., Tetradesmus dimorphus (Turpin) M.J.Wynne) and aerophitic (Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kütz.) Silva, Mattox et Blackwell) algae from the collection of M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany NAS of Ukraine were used in investigations. Each species was represented by three strains isolated in 1961–2018 years from the territories of Ukraine and other countries of Eurasia. Overall, 82 bacterial strains were isolated and identified according to some phenotypic (morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological and chemical) features. The study revealed complexes of four types which consisted 7 species of bacterial consorts. A qualitative composition of complexes was the same in cultures (strains) of one certain algal species but strictly different in cultures of another algal species. Although, some bacterial species were found in several complexes of different type. It is evident a tight association the heterotrophic bacterial consorts with the autotrophic determinant of consortia and conforms the consortium character of algal-bacterial communities in general. It was proposed an express method based on the use of a numerical system for morphological evaluation of bacterial colonies in preliminary study peculiarities, features and functions of consortia.

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11

Majolo, Bonaventura, Alfonso Troisi, Raffaella Ventura, and Gabriele Schino. "RESUMPTION OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY AFFECTS MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTIONS IN JAPANESE MACAQUES." Behaviour 138, no. 2 (2001): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390151074429.

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AbstractThis study evaluated the responses of infant Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to their mother's resumption of mating. Mothers and infants were observed before, during and after the mating season. Observations carried out during the mating season were subdivided according to the mother's consort activity with mature males. During consorts, significant decrements in mother-infant ventroventral contact and proximity, and in the roles played by mothers in maintaining contact and proximity were observed, while maternal rejection increased significantly. Social behaviour of infants and allomaternal care they received were unaffected by the mother's consort activity. Effects of consorts were more evident in female than in male infants, but were not influenced by the infant age or by the quality of the relationship it had with its mother before the mating season. These results do not support the hypothesis that the effects of the mother's resumption of mating may parallel those of experimental mother-infant separation.

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12

Kolpakov, N. V., and V. V. Koshelev. "Consortiums «tumbleweeds» of the Amurskii liman." Problems of Fisheries 23, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/0234-2774-2022-23-4-57-66.

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For the first time, the «tumbleweeds» – consortia of the Amur estuary were studied. The determinants of consortia are fragments of brown algae-macrophytes thalli and colonies of hydroid polyps, rolled up into a ball by currents, and the consorts are amphipods inhabiting it. It was show that the reason for the emergence of consortative relationships is the hydrological conditions of the estuary and features of it bottom landscape, under which amphipods are forced to seek shelter. In the diet of the kaluga Huso dauricus and Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii in the Amur Estuary, amphipods were found together with plant remains, which indicates the feeding of sturgeons by consortia. Kaluga, in comparison with the Amur sturgeon, consumes such type food much more often and in greater quantities. Animals associated with the aggregation of dead algae and polyps play a significant role in the formation of the food base for sturgeons in the Amur Estuary.

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13

Sashima, Akio, Noriaki Izumi, Koichi Kurumatani, and Hideyuki Nakashima. "CONSORTS: A Multiagent Architecture for Content Managements in Ubiquitous Computing." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 19 (2004): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.19.322.

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14

Arenfeldt, Pernille. "The Female Consort as Intercessor in Sixteenth-Century Saxony." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 44 (October 14, 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v44i3.133005.

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During the past ten to fifteen years the research interest in queens, female regents and consorts has grown rapidly. Continuing the approach advocated by gender and court historians alike, the analyses of women at the early modern courts have generally focused on informal forms of power. Although the increased emphasis on informal power has proved immensely productive in many respects, it has also resulted in oversimplifications and misleading anal-ogies; for example, in one study the agency of the female consort is reduced to a function of her marital relation and another historian concludes that the position of the female consort resem-bled that of the maîtresse or the court favorite. These conclusions also represent a conceptual – and highly political – problem because power is defined as access to the ruler. This implies that the ruler and other decision-makers are viewed as the “real” authorities. Unwittingly, the narrow view of politics and authority that gender historians persistently have striven to chal-lenge is thereby reconfirmed.

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15

Intriago Angulo, Jefferson Javier, Juan Gerardo Quimi Mujica, Jordana Jineyka López Parra, David Villarreal de la Torre, Edmundo Matute, Jenny Maribel Rizco Cunayque, María Elena Bermúdez Basan, Emmerick Motte Darracau, Virna Alexia Cedeño Escobar, and Eric Louis Miahle Matonnier. "Inhibición del quórum sensing mediante el quórum quenching en postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei." La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982, no. 23 (July 27, 2020): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i23.1538.

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Inhibition of the quorum sensing by quorum quenching in postlarva of Litopenaeus vannamei El cultivo del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei es un recurso acuícola de gran importancia económica a nivel mundial; sin embargo, es severamente afectado por varios tipos de enfermedades infecciosas, principalmente virales y bacterianas. Sin embargo las pérdidas masivas reportadas durante los últimos años, están generalmente relacionadas a infecciones bacterianas en particular, el síndrome de mortalidad temprana (EMS) y más recientemente relacionada a la enfermedad de necrosis hepatopancreática aguda (AHPND) por sus siglas en ingles. Para asegurar la sostenibilidad de la industria del camarón, se debe mejorar la productividad en particular mediante el uso de consorcios de bacterias probióticas eficientes para la prevención de las enfermedades bacterianas. Dos consorcios de bacterias probióticas (consorcios comerciales y consorcio CA), fueron evaluados en pruebas in vitro y en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón L. vannamei, donde se realizó la determinación subsecuente del grado de inhibición del quórum sensing de las bacterias patogénicas mediante el quórum quenching de bacterias probióticas y paralelamente a los análisis de sobrevivencia. Como resultados el consorcio CA fue el que presento mayor grado de inhibición del quorum sensing in vitro en paralelo a los mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón. El mejor efecto probiótico en post-larvas de L. vannamei resultaron en los tratamientos del consorcio CA, como los mejores supresores en la presencia de vibrios en el cultivo bacteriológico así como mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón. Palabras clave: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; bacterias patogénicas; bacterias probióticas Abstract The cultivation of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is an aquaculture resource of great economic importance worldwide; however, it is severely affected by several types of infectious diseases, mainly viral and bacterial. However, the massive losses reported in recent years are generally related to bacterial infections in particular, early mortality syndrome (EMS) and more recently related to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). To ensure the sustainability of the shrimp industry, productivity must be improved in particular by the use of efficient probiotic bacteria consortia for the prevention of bacterial diseases. Two consortia of probiotic bacteria (commercial consortia and CA consortium) were evaluated in in vitro tests and in post-larvae production tanks of L. vannamei shrimp, where the subsequent determination of the degree of inhibition of the quorum sensing of pathogenic bacteria was carried out. By the quenching quorum of probiotic bacteria and parallel to the survival analysis. As a result, the CA consortium showed the greatest degree of inhibition of in vitro quorum sensing in parallel to the higher survival rates in shrimp post-larval production tanks. The best probiotic effect in post-larvae of L. vannamei resulted in the CA consortia treatments, as the best suppressors in the presence of vibrios in the bacteriological culture as well as higher survival rates in post-larvae shrimp production tanks Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; pathogenic bacteria; probiotic bacteria.

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16

Ponomarenko, O. L. "Influence of seasonal climatic factors on the dynamics of birds interactions with linden consortia." Ecology and Noospherology 31, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032006.

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The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual linden consortia (Tilia cordata Mill.) of the linden-ash oak forests. This work material was collected during different seasons of the 2009–2017 years in a linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of the ecological profile of the NSC «Bel'gard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary», Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 145 examples of three age conditions oak trees (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals – g2-g3) has been investigated. Studies have shown that birds are actively involved in consortia of linden for most of the year. Meroconsortia of linden generative organs are attractive to birds during the growing season and in the cold season. In summer, the consortia of linden in terms of species composition of birds is inferior to the consortia of oak about 2 times. The same trend is observed in DTB and DMB. Only 2 species of birds participate in the consortia of the virgin linden. The consortia of young generative linden consists of only 4 species of birds, but DTB increases almost 30 times. The consortia of mature and old generative linden acquires a sufficient species composition – 14 species of birds. Interactions of birds with virginal linden are stochastic in autumn. Only 2 species of birds participate in the consortia of virgin linden in autumn. The consortia of young generative linden consists of 5 species (more than in summer). The old generative linden has a depression of consortia interactions of birds. Their volume is reduced by half compared to summer. Specialized consumers of linden nuts remain in the consortia of old generative linden mainly. Birds have very low DTB and DMB rates in consortia of all linden age groups in winter. Instead, the species composition of birds increases in the consortia of generative groups of linden in winter. The system of consortia interactions of birds is not intensive, but stable on the linden tree in winter. The volume of interactions of birds with a linden tree essentially increases in the spring. This trend is typical for trees with a dense crown. The number of consort birds is higher than in summer in consortia of virgin and young generative linden. DTB is five times higher in virgin linden than in summer. The participation of birds in the consortia of young generative linden is also greater than in summer. We believe that this is due to the fact that linden begins to grow earlier than other trees in the upper tier. The old generative linden is one of the main feeding grounds for birds in the spring. Linden, like common oak, is much more interesting for birds in spring and summer in contrast to field maple and ash. Linden first supports the system of trophic connections, and then topical in most seasons of the year. Linden forms stable groups of birds at a young generative stage during the year. Linden creates an environment for birds to live in the middle tier and complements the field maple.

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Ponomarenko, O. L., and O. A. Reva. "Influence of seasonal climatic factors on the dynamics of birds interactions with maples consortia." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 48 (November 9, 2019): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/441907.

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The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual maple consortia (Acer campestre). This work material has been collected during different seasons of 2004‒2010 years in the linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of NSC «Bel'gard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary» ecological profile, Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 214 examples of three age conditions maple trees (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals– g2–g3) has been investigated. Some bird species daily time budget (DTB) per autotroph exampl on average has been the basic parameter for the birds’ participation in the consortia functioning assessment. The maple consortia communities have been revealed in the result of investigation to be the basic for the oak birds. Non-forest birds species almost have not appeared in them, which differs them from the consortia of the oak forests edificators, for instance, oak. Field maple attracts birds in the cold seasons because of its participation in the forest stand formation and of its ontogenesis course. Field maple seeds remain on the tree during the autumn and winter and support the birds vital activity in this period, unlike oak. The total birds’ activity in the trees decreases significantly in the fall. But such situation is observed in autumn only on virg maple. Maples g1, g2–g3, on the contrary, attract birds in autumn more than in summer. There are more DTB birds on these maples in autumn than in summer, because of the late leaf falling and numerous fruits availability. Birds eat actively phytophages on maple fruits. The autumn community of wild maple birds aged g2–g3 is the most active on DTB index. On the other hand, the species composition on generative maples decreases two to three times in comparison with summer. In winter the birds DTB activity on maple decreases by 15–20 times, because of the wintering birds migration to the settlements. Very few birds remain in the oak forest in winter. But the birds wintering in the oak forest species composition is quite diverse, which affects the birds’ species composition of the maple consortiums in winter. It is more diverse than in the fall. Mistletoe infects maple quite often and its fruits also attract birds to the maple consort in winter. As a result, the birds DTB index on old generative maples is higher than on oak this time of year. The birds’ species composition in g2–g3 maple consortiums is represented by 14 species in winter. This figure is 2.5 times more than in autumn. The virgin maple consortium has a high birds DTB index in spring. The main reasons are – this tree vegetation early start and the dense thickets formation of this tree young growth. As a result, the virgin maple has a diverse trophic base for birds in the spring. This consortium is comparable with the consortium of g1maple in the birds’ species composition and exceeds it in the DTB index. The time budget of birds’ trophic interactions is 75% of the total DTB in the maple consort at the age of virg. The time budget of the bird topical interactions is 80% of the total DTB in the g1 maple consortium. The birds almost do not hunt on this age maples, but show a variety of behavioral activity. The birds’ community in the g2–g3 age maple consort is very diverse in spring and yield in to that only in old generative oak. The time budget of the birds’ topical interactions is 75% of the total DTB in the g2–g3 maple consortium. Thus, birds use g2–g3 maple in spring mainly for singing, resting, cleaning feathers, mating games, etc., rather than feeding.

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Cooper, William E., and Laurie J. Vitt. "Maximizing male reproductive success in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): preliminary evidence for mate guarding, size-assortative pairing, and opportunistic extra-pair mating." Amphibia-Reptilia 18, no. 1 (1997): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853897x00314.

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AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that male Eumeces laticeps may increase reproductive success by 1) mating with larger females to increase clutch size, 2) mate guarding to be present during the female's receptive period and/or prevent sperm competition, and 3) engaging in extra-pair copulations. Clutch size increases with female body size, establishing a potential advantage of male preference for large female mates. Mate association lasts up to 8 days and possibly longer, with a mean of nearly 5 days. Males may remain with females during a major portion of the mating season, which preliminary data suggest lasts about two weeks, suggesting that mate-guarding may reduce the level of polygyny. Tethered introductions of intruder males to consort pairs showed that consort males use aggressive behavior to exclude other males from the vicinity of females. Eumeces laticeps exhibits strong positive size-assortative pairing, suggesting the possible importance of male choice of large mates. Female preference for large males could account for this relationship, but only if large females prefer the largest possible males within the acceptable size range and aggressively exclude other females from preferred males. Females are sometimes aggressive to each other, especially near nest sites, but aggression is suppressed by males, as shown by tethered introduction of females to consort pairs. Size-assortative pairing may be based in part on male preference if males can prevent larger females from aggressively excluding smaller ones. In addition to preferentially guarding large females, males not currently guarding mate with any females not large enough to deter them aggressively. A field observation of an extra-pair copulation, responses by consort males to introduced females, and the lack of size preference in the absence of consorts suggest that males may engage opportunistically in extra-pair copulations to increase reproductive success and are not then choosy about female size.

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19

Chaplygina, A. B., D. I. Yuzyk, and N. O. Savynska. "The Robin, Erithacus Rubecula (Passeriformes, Turdidae), As a Component of Autotrophic Consortia of Forest Cenoses, Northeast Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 50, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0043.

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Abstract The role of the robin, Erithacus rubecula Linnaeus, 1758 as a consort of autotrophic consortia is considered. It has been found that representatives of 9 higher taxa of animals (Mammalia, Aves, Gastropoda, Insecta, Arachnida, Acarina, Malacostraca, Diplopoda, Clitellata) have trophic and topical links with the robin. At the same time, the robin is a consort of determinants of autotrophic consortia, which core is represented mostly by dominating species of deciduous trees (Quercus robur Linnaeus, 1753 (24.6 %), Tilia cordata Miller, 1768 (17.5 %), Acer platanoides Linnaeus, 1753 (22.8 %), Acer campestre Linnaeus, 1753), and also by sedges (Carex sp.) and grasses (Poaceae). The robin also belongs to the concentre of the second and higher orders as a component of forest biogeocenoses and forms a complex trophic system. In the diet of its nestlings, there have been found 717 objects from 32 invertebrate taxa, belonging to the phylums Arthropoda (99.2 %, 31 species) and Annelida (0.8 %, 1 species). The phylum Arthropoda was represented by the most numerous class Insecta (76.9 %), in which 10 orders (Lepidoptera (46.8 %) dominates) and 20 families were recorded, and also by the classes Arachnida (15.0 %), Malacostraca (5.3 %) and Diplopoda (1.9 %). The invertebrate species composition was dominated by representatives of a trophic group of zoophages (14 species; 43.8 %); the portion of phytophages (7 species; 21.9 %), saprophages (18.7 %), and necrophages (15.6 %) was the less. The highest number of food items was represented by phytophages (N = 717; 51 %), followed by zoophages (34 %), saprophages (12 %), and necrophages (3 %). The difference among study areas according to the number of food items and the number of species in the robin nestling diet is shown. In NNP “HF”, the highest number of food items was represented by phytophages - 47 % (N = 443), whereas zoophages were the most species-rich group (43.3 %, 13 species). In NNP “H”, phytophages also prevailed in food items - 62.3 % (N = 164), but the number of phyto-, zoo- and saprophage species was equal (30.8 %, 13 species). In the forest park, zoophages were more frequent - 45.5 % (N = 110), but phytophages were the most species-rich (42.9 %).

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20

Bondarev, I. P., and N. K. Revkov. "Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part III: Mollusca (Gastropoda)." Marine Biological Journal 3, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.1.03.

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This work is a continuation of a series of descriptions of the taxonomic composition of the consort community of Rapana venosa. The shell of the large invasive gastropod R. venosa, which occupies the ecological niche of the terminal predator in benthic community, is simultaneously an attractive substrate for various hydrobionts – fouling and associated mobile forms, one of which is small gastropod mollusks. The latter are poorly explored and accounted for in the R. venosa consortium. The study of this group of hydrobionts in the composition of epibionts of rapana was carried out on the material obtained in 7 regions of the northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaya, coast of Romania; 2 – NW Crimean coast, Tarkhankut area; 3 – SW coast of Crimea, Sevastopol; 4 – Southern coast of Crimea, Alupka; 5 – Southern coast of Crimea, Yalta – Alushta; 6 – SE coast of Crimea, Karadag; 7 – Kerch Strait. Sampling of rapa-whelk in the coastal zone up to a depth of 15 m was carried out using light water diving equipment, in the deeper zone (up to 40 m), the “Ocean-50” bottom grabber was used from the board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. Gastropods as consorts of rapa-whelk were found predominantly in reg. 3, where in the summer – autumn season 2015–2017 the most detailed works were carried out and about 90 % of the material was sampled (1100 of 1216 R. venosa specimens). It was found that gastropods in the consortia of rapana were represented by 14 species of 9 genera of 6 families, 7 species of them with egg laying. The gastropods were observed in the consortium of R. venosa mainly in the epiphyton community of algal fouling of the shell, where the mollusc-consorts can form significant clusters – more than 60 individuals. Directly on the shell of the rapa-whelk, the gastropods were found singly or in small groups – from 2–5 to 10 individuals. The most numerous and often occurring (up to 25 %) gastropod species in the consortium of R. venosa was Bittium reticulatum (Cerithiidae). Less numerous were Tricolia pullus (Phasianellidae) (5–10 %, in Kazachya Bay – up to 25 %) and Rissoa splendida (Rissoidae) (the occurrence on the average was about 10 %). The remaining species were observed singly. The highest species diversity and abundance of gastropods were recorded at the depth of 4–10 m in the consortium of loose soils R. venosa ecomorph – 14 species; on the rocky ecomorph of rapa-whelk inhabiting the zone of more intensive hydrodynamics – only 2 species. Our research demonstrates that the ecological role of the invasive species of the Black Sea fauna, R. venosa, is not limited to be a predation. In particular, it contributes to reproduction, development and resettlement of other gastropod species. In the biotope of loose soils, where the there is a deficit of the solid substrate necessary for reproduction of many species of hydrobionts, including gastropods, R. venosa is “oasis” increasing the biological diversity of the benthos as a whole.

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21

Chaplygina, A. B., D. I. Yuzyk, and N. O. Savynska. "The Robin, Erithacus Rubecula (Passeriformes, Turdidae), as a Component of Heterotrophic Consortia of Forest Cenoses, Northeast Ukraine. Part 2." Vestnik Zoologii 50, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0056.

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Abstract The role of the robin as a determinant of heterotrophic consortia is considered. The robin is a consort of determinants of autotrophic consortia, which core is represented mostly by dominating species of deciduous trees (Quercus robur Linnaeus, 1753, Tilia cordata Miller, 1768, Acer platanoides Linnaeus, 1753, Acer campestre Linnaeus, 1753), and also by sedges (Carex sp.) and grasses (Poaceae), connected with the determinants by fabric links. The robin also belongs to the concentr of the second and higher orders as a component of forest biogeocenoses and it is also the main determinant in species composition of the insects inhabiting bird nests. As a result of the taxonomic analysis of invertebrates in the robin nests, it has been found out that the most numerous class was Insecta (9 orders and 27 families), with the dominance of Coleoptera (30.7 %). The nidicolous fauna of the robin (38 species) was dominated by zoophages along with parasites and hematophages such as Hippoboscidae (46.4 %). The percentage of phytophages and saprophages among the invertebrate nest inhabitants was somewhat less (21 % each), then followed necrophages (12 %). Zoophages and parasites also dominated according to the number of objects in the nests (42 %; n = 150), the less was the portion of phytophages (34 %), saprophages (18 %), and necrophages (6 %). The highest number of species and objects of zoophages was recorded for climax and mature biocenoses (oak forests in NNP “HL” and pine cenoses in NNP “H””).

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22

Wang, Lan, Han Tian, Jie Yuan, Hongmei Wu, Jueheng Wu, and Xun Zhu. "CONSORT." Medicine 94, no. 49 (December 2015): e2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000002228.

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23

Zhang, Ka, Hong Cao, Jiayi Liang, Xin Shu, Haixia Sun, Gang Li, and Qihuan Xu. "CONSORT." Medicine 95, no. 31 (August 2016): e4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000004471.

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24

Zhu, Weiming, Zhen Guo, Lugen Zuo, Jianfeng Gong, Yi Li, Lili Gu, Lei Cao, Ning Li, and Jieshou Li. "CONSORT." Medicine 94, no. 29 (July 2015): e1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000001175.

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25

Yu, Xin, Rui Liu, Yaming Wang, Hulin Zhao, Jinhui Chen, Jianning Zhang, and Chenhao Hu. "CONSORT." Medicine 96, no. 21 (May 2017): e6359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000006359.

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26

Needleman, Ian. "Consort." British Dental Journal 186, no. 5 (March 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4800065.

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27

Freshwater, M. Felix. "CONSORT." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 66, no. 4 (April 2013): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2012.10.020.

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28

Black, Nick. "CONSORT." Lancet 348, no. 9029 (September 1996): 756–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65648-6.

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29

Horton, Richard. "CONSORT." Lancet 348, no. 9029 (September 1996): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65668-1.

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30

Kiely, Kevin, Maurice Harmon, Richard Londraville, and Janis Londraville. "Literary Consorts." Books Ireland, no. 246 (2002): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20632383.

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31

Wright, David A. "Library Consortia." Resource Sharing & Information Networks 18, no. 1-2 (August 10, 2005): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j121v18n01_05.

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32

Wagner, Michael. "Conductive consortia." Nature 526, no. 7574 (October 21, 2015): 513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/526513a.

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33

Thompson, Joan, Tom Peters, and Linda Hulbert. "Library Consortia." Serials Librarian 42, no. 3-4 (July 2002): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v42n03_04.

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34

Goiri R, Marı́a Eugenia, Antonio Edigo, and Jon Martı́nez. "Consorcio Ferrex." Journal of Business Research 50, no. 1 (October 2000): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(98)00106-4.

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35

Wackett, Lawrence P. "Microbial consortia." Environmental Microbiology Reports 5, no. 1 (February 2013): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12022.

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36

Knights, F. "Recorder consorts." Early Music 36, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/can099.

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37

Gilbert, A. K. "Quattrocento consorts." Early Music 36, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 626–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/can113.

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38

Zhenxiang, Zheng. "10. The Si-Tu (“Qiao”)-Mu Inscriptions Excavated from the Fu Hao Tomb." Early China 9, S1 (1986): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800002972.

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ABSTRACT(N.B. A version of this paper has now been published in Kaogu 1983.8:716-725.)Of the bronze vessels discovered in 1976 when the Fu Hao tomb at Anyang was excavated, 190 were inscribed. The inscriptions were of 9 types. The most common, occurring on the most complete inventory of vessels, was the inscription Fu Hao (or Zi ), found on 109 vessels. The next most common was the inscription Si Tu Mu, occurring on 26 ritual bronzes, including one pair each of the square hu-jars, round jia-tripods, and round zun-beakers, one set of 11 gu-goblets, and one set of 9 jue-beakers. There was also a pair of large square zun-beakers inscribed with 4 characters, one line containing the characters Si Tu Mu, all written backwards, the other containing the character gui; including these there are 28 examples. The dating of these vessels is essentially the same as that of those vessels inscribed Fu Hao. It is very seldom that we find such a large number of vessels with the same inscription unearthed from the ritual bronze vessel horde of a single tomb. Bronzes with this inscription have been recorded since the Song dynasty and a bronze with this type of inscription was excavated from a Shang tomb at Xiaotun before liberation. There is also a bronze yue-axe with this inscription that currently exists. The study of this group of bronzes is very important.In analyzing the inscription Si (Hou) Tu Mu Gui, one possible interpretation is that Tu Mu was the cognomen (Zi )of Fu Hao; another, is that it referred to a person close to Fu Hao in position. The inscription can be explained as Tu Mu, whose day name was Gui, or Mu Gui, whose name was Tu. She may have been another queen of Wu Ding, perhaps the Mu Gui sacrificed to in the Zu Geng and Zu Jia inscriptions, i.e., the Bi Gui who was the legitimate consort of Wu Ding in the Di Yi and Di Xin cyclical sacrifice records. Assuming this hypothesis is correct, then objects belonging to consorts Bi Xin and Bi Gui of Wu Ding have already been discovered. Since the discovery of the Fu Hao tomb, some scholars have put forth the theory that Mu Wu mentioned on the large inscribed Si Mu Wu ding-tripod may be Wu Ding's consort, Bi Wu. If the conclusions reached above can be established, then ritual bronze vessels belonging to all three of Wu Ding's consorts have been discovered. This fact is significant both for the study of the Shang ritual system and of the ritual bronzes.

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39

Cœurdevey, Annie, Thomas Tomkins, John Irving, John Ward, Ian Payne, John Jenkins, Andrew Ashbee, and Annie Coeurdevey. "Consort Music." Revue de musicologie 85, no. 1 (1999): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/947020.

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40

강승일. "Yahweh's Consort?" Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies 17, no. 2 (June 2011): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24333/jkots.2011.17.2.123.

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41

Johnson, Jane Troy, Richard Mico, Andrew Hanley, and Meredith Tyler. "Consort Music." Notes 53, no. 1 (September 1996): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/900330.

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42

Drakeford, Richard, William Lawes, and Matthew Locke. "In Consort." Musical Times 137, no. 1837 (March 1996): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1003894.

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43

The Lancet. "CONSORT 2010." Lancet 375, no. 9721 (April 2010): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60456-4.

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44

Saint-Raymond, Agnès, Suzanne Hill, Jose Martines, Rajiv Bahl, Olivier Fontaine, and Lisa Bero. "CONSORT 2010." Lancet 376, no. 9737 (July 2010): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61134-8.

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45

Reveiz, Ludovic, and Karmela Krleža-Jerić. "CONSORT 2010." Lancet 376, no. 9737 (July 2010): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61135-x.

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46

Chen, Yao-long, and Ke-hu Yang. "CONSORT 2010." Lancet 376, no. 9737 (July 2010): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61136-1.

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47

Schulz, Kenneth F., David Moher, and Douglas G. Altman. "CONSORT 2010." Lancet 376, no. 9748 (October 2010): 1222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61879-x.

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48

Resti, Zurai, Yenny Liswarni, and Martinius Martinius. "Endophytic Bacterial Consortia as Biological Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight and Plant Growth Promoter of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jaast.v4i2.146.

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The consortia of endophytic bacteria with various mechanisms (competition, antibiotics, induction of resistance, and others), simultaneously, are more effective in controlling pathogens and increasing plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain endophytic bacterial consortia capable of suppressing of bacterial leaf blight and promoting the growth of rice plants. The study consisted of three experimental stages. The first stage was the test on the antibiosis ability of the endophytic bacterial consortia to suppress of pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) using the Kirby Bauer method. The second stage was the test on the ability of endophytic bacterial consortia to promote the growth of rice seedlings. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of six combinations of endophytic bacterial consortia and 15 replications within each combination. The endophytic bacterial consortia were introduced by soaking the seeds, and the observations were made on the plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of rice seedlings. Meanwhile, the third stage was the test on the ability of endophytic bacterial consortia to suppress of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) diseases and to promote the rice plant growth. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six combinations of endophytic bacterial consortia and five replications within each combination. The endophytic bacterial consortia were introduced by soaking the roots of the seedlings. The observations were made on the incidence of disease, disease severity, number of leaves, plant height, and number of tillers. The results showed that all endophytic bacterial consortia had antibiosis abilities. The best endophytic bacterial consortia for controlling bacterial leaf blight and promoting the growth of rice seedlings and plants were the C (Bacillus sp SJI; Bacillus sp HI) and D (Bacillus sp SJI; S.marcescens isolate JB1E3) consortia.

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49

Horton, Valerie. "Whither Library Consortia?" Collaborative Librarianship 5, no. 3 (2013): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29087/2013.5.3.01.

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50

Bernabe, Jean. "1492 et consorts." Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps 27, no. 1 (1992): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mat.1992.410607.

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