Дисертації з теми "Consommation problématique de substances"
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Rabat, Yolaine. "Impact du profil addictif sur le statut émotionnel après un accident vasculaire cérébral." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0132.
Повний текст джерелаEvery year in France 140000 patients had a stroke. Amongst them, a third develop emotionalimpairments such as post-stroke depression or anxiety (respectively PSD and PSA). These complications contribute to an alteration in the functional prognostic and quality of life of thesepatients. The early identification and management of these emotional impairments is thereforea major clinical issue. Outside of non-modifiable risk factors such as a history of psychiatricdisorders or the clinical stroke severity, the influence of the changes in health lifestyle that are recommended post-stroke is not known. In this context, the impact of problematic substanceuse, as conceptualized in addictology, of usual substances, such as tobacco and alcohol, or ofthe new and emerging hyper-palatable and highly processed (HP) foods, has yet not beenexplored.The objectives of this present work were to determine amongst the stroke population thecharacteristics of such problematic substance use in terms of prevalence and impact on poststrokeemotional impairments, on the one hand, and to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the response to substance use cessation treatment strategies.In order to answer the first objective, three prospective cohorts comprising of patients admittedto the Neuro-vascular Unit at the University Hospital of Bordeaux and who benefited fromclinical and neuropsychiatric evaluations were analyzed (1: N=2300, 66.8±15.1 years old, 63%males, NIHSS at 3 months=1.26±2.60; 2) N=74, 60.3±12 years old, 68.9% males, NIHSS at admission=2.73±3.13; 3) N=101, 62.8±13.7 years old, 60.4% males, NIHSS at admission= 2.31±3.13). In thecontext of our second objective, we conducted a systematic review of the current literature onthe cerebral biomarkers identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging as predictors of smokingcessation treatment outcome (N=24 studies: N=7 anatomical, N=9 resting state, N=14activation).The results of our work suggest that 1) there is an important proportion (30,3%) of strokevictims presenting a problematic substance use; 2) a link exists between the addiction profileseverity to tobacco and HP foods and the anxious and/or depressive symptomatology at 3months post-stroke; and 3) highlight the key role of the insula in the neuronal anatomicalfunctionalcircuits implicated in smoking cessation treatment outcome.These different studies offer a new insight into the importance of the screening and managementof addictive behaviours in the secondary prevention of stroke. The early identification of disorders linked to substance abuse, as defined in the classification of mental illnesses but alsoto food addiction, could help to enhance the patients’ emotional well-being and therefore reduceAbstract9the socio-economical burden of post-stroke complications. Moreover, characterizing specificimaging biomarkers of the response to cessation treatment could constitute the first step towardsprecision medicine by prescribing specific therapeutic strategies tailored at an individual scale
Plourde, Chantal. "Consommation de substances psychoactives dans les pénitenciers québécois." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ62101.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMercier, Josée. "Femmes avant tout : programme d'interventions s'adressant à des femmes ayant une problématique de consommation." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1484/1/000125118.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCarrier, Cathy. "Consommation de substances psychoactives et symptômes dépressifs chez les adolescentes et adolescents /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24019196R.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCarrier, Cathy. "Consommation de substances psychoactives et symptômes dépressifs chez les adolescentes et adolescents." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1272/1/000121643.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTorgler, Jacqueline. "Consommation de substances, stress et santé des médecins des hôpitaux universitaires de Genève /." Genève : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2002/TorglerJ/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDervaux, Alain. "Influence de la consommation de substances sur l'émergence et l'évolution des troubles psychotiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814790.
Повний текст джерелаDaubech-Tournier, Marie. "Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les sujets suicidants : prévalence, impact pronostique et méthodes d'identification." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21221.
Повний текст джерелаStudies have suggested that substance use is a risk factor for suicidal behavior. The aims of this work were to assess the prevalence of substance use disorders and its prognostic impact in 2388 subjects consecutively admitted in an emergency department for intentional drug overdose IDO). Substance use abuse and dependence were frequent in subjects with IDO. Subjects who had used psychoactive substances were two times more likely to present with serious IDO (OR 1,9 IC 95 % 1,3-2,8 p = 0,001). As subjects with IDO are at high risk of suicide, substance use and misuse are additional risk and prognostic factors in this population. However they are not often investigated in routine practice by the emergency department staff. Their identification may have important consequences on prevention and management of suicidal behavior
Dumas, Agnès. "La consommation de substances psychoactives pendant la grossesse : contextualiser les usages, interroger les risques." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H004.
Повний текст джерелаSubstance use (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, prescription drugs) during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. With the exception of tobacco, the prevalence of substance use remains unknown in France. In the epidemiological studies devoted to this subject, analysis are based upon a dichotomous variable countervailing abstinence and use, hiding the different patterns of use – and the prevalence of risky behaviors – as well as the diversity of substance users’ characteristics. Although the health of the newborns depends, in the general population, on the social origin of the mother, the impact of the social context is rarely connected with the effects of the substances. In this thesis, besides the political analysis of this recent public health problem, we assess substance use within a large sample of women, through a survey conducted in fourteen clinics, and we investigate the relationship between the effects of substance use and the impact of social factors on children’s health. Links appear between substance use, socio-economical factors, affective environment and pregnancy intention. A strong cleavage turns up, between alcohol, used by the wealthy women, and tobacco and cannabis, used by the poor ones. Tobacco smokers are particularly at risk. An accumulation of risk factors (obstetrical antecedents, binge drinking, delayed prenatal follow-up, economical and familial difficulties) increases proportionally with the length and the quantity of smoking. Analyses underscore the interdependence between risk factors: among smokers, the risk to have a low birth weight child increases by two with the combination of socio-economic difficulties
Bureau, Kévin. "Perceptions des Inuits canadiens quant au rôle de l'acculturation sur la consommation de substances psychoactives." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4423/1/030298317.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPoirier, Andrée-Anne. "La trajectoire des jeunes adultes qui ont une consommation problématique de drogues illicites aux Iles-de-la-Madeleine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28499/28499.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPoirier, Andrée-Anne. "La trajectoire des jeunes adultes qui ont une consommation problématique de drogues illicites aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22889.
Повний текст джерелаHaris, Roland. "Trajectoires des troubles intériorisés à l'adolescence influence de la consommation de psychotropes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/647.
Повний текст джерелаLemelin, Carmen. "Attachement, personnalité, psychopathie, consommation de substances et relations sexuelles chez des adolescents et des jeunes adultes." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6178/1/030408287.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPicard-Masson, Marianne. "Portrait de la consommation des boissons énergisantes chez les étudiants de niveau collégial du Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5994.
Повний текст джерелаBinsinger, Caroline. "Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les pré-adolescents. Estime de soi, anxiété et activité physique et sportive." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIMS021.
Повний текст джерелаContext: health risk behaviours, for instance drug use, are often initiated during the adolescence period. Thus, the behaviour’s determining factors have to be known to realize preventative actions among these young people. Aim: to analyze the relationship between three protective and/or risk factors (self-esteem, trait-anxiety and extra-curricular physical activity - ECPA), and drug use by early-adolescents, through the interactionist health model. Study design: A cohort of 1 230 voluntary pupils, followed for a period of four years. Data were collected every six months by self-report questionnaires. The document included questions on health, ECPA, self-esteem, trait-anxiety, and drug use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, anxiolytics, hypnotics, vitamins). Main results: nearly 40 % of the pupils practice regularly ECPA. Between 11 and 14 year of age, the prevalence of regular use of cannabis was multiplied by 34, and that of tobacco by 9. High protective factors and low risk factors are related to less drug use. Girls tend to have protective and risk factors more prone to variation than boys, in the event of consumption of tobacco, anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs, or vitamins, substances preferentially consumed by girls. Conclusion: this work confirms the need to develop, in children, psychosocial competences so that they can adopt favourable health behaviors
Dervaux, Alain. "Influence de la consommation de substances sur l’émergence et l’évolution des troubles psychotiques : le cas du cannabis." Paris 6, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814790.
Повний текст джерелаThe higher prevalence of cannabis abuse or dependence in patients at high risk of schizophrenia, in patients with first psychotic episode, and during the course of schizophrenia patients with schizophrenia, compared with general population is well established. The reasons remain unclear and include familial vulnerability to drug use disorders, psychotomimetic effects induced by cannabis use, or personality traits. We have studied some aspects regarding vulnerability factors to cannabis use disorders in patients with schizophrenia: 1) We found that neurological soft signs scores were significantly higher in patients with cannabis dependence only, compared to healthy subjects, in particular regarding motor coordination and sensory integration 2) We found that the mean scores for impulsivity and sensation seeking were higher in a group of schizophrenia patients with lifetime cannabis abuse or dependence than in a group of schizophrenia patients without cannabis abuse or dependence 3) We assessed the role of individual sensitivity to the psychotogenic effect of cannabis among male patients with schizophrenia, and found that the first psychotic episode occurred 2. 6 years earlier in cannabis-sensitive patients compared to non cannabis-sensitive patients. A specific excess of familial history of psychotic disorder was found in these patients 4) We found that the pattern of substance use disorders found in a group of Moroccan patients with schizophrenia was different from those found in previous studies from North America or Europe, suggesting that substance use disorders could be influenced by socio-cultural context and by the availability of cannabis
Binsinger, Caroline Laure Patrick. "Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les pré-adolescents. Estime de soi, anxiété et activité physique et sportive." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2006. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000519.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSahed, Imaine. "L'évolution de la consommation de cigarettes, de cannabis et d'alcools forts au cours de l'adolescence : mode de consommation et quête identitaire." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0065.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis topic concerns the evolution of psychoactive substances use (cigarettes, cannabis and alcohol) during adolescence. The purpose is to understand why in adolescence some youth have limited themselves to the test of these substances while others have developed a regular, repeated (at least two or three times per week, weekly (once a week) and occasional consumption (at least once per month). The thesis favours identity problematic in order to understand the mode of consumption evolution. It puts in perspective the role of parents and friends in the identity mode of construction. From a methodological point of view, the thesis uses mixed methods. It is based on qualitative and quantitative approach. The empirical data present the different consumption as an expression of their autonomy in their choice and behaviours. In selecting not accept to be submitted to peer's or parents' norms and rules, to consume or to not consume does not appear as the identification process. These choices are approached as a revendication, expression of their autonomy. This approach is designed to free up consumers from identification approach. This movement may have several forms depending on familial experiences. It varies with parenting practices, which make a little allowance for free space, initiatives. The interviews analysis allows us to expand two types of process emancipation according to the interviews profiles: an emancipation process concerning parental norms for consumers and a emancipation process concerning peers norms for experimenters who have limited themselves to the test of psycho actives substances
Dorard, Géraldine. "Régulation émotionnelle et consommation de substances psycho-actives : étude chez des adolescents dépendants au cannabis et leurs parents." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H035.
Повний текст джерелаUsing a semi-structured clinical interview, a standardized psychiatric evaluation and several self-reports assessing emotional regulation abilities, our first study (110 patients; 110 controls) demonstrated the severity of substances use modalities, the elevared rates of psychiatric comorbidities and some emotional functioning specificities among the adolescents with a cannabis dependence. The analyses revealed that specific psychiatric disorders and emotional dysregulations should be considered as potential vulnerability and maintaining factors for substances use. Our second study aimed at evaluating the psychometrics properties of the Observer Alexithmia Scale (OAS) (87 patients; 66 realtives). Our results demonstrated the adequacy and the appropriateness of the OAS in these clinical samples, which may encourage multimethod alexithemia assessments in both research and clinical prctice. In our third study, the analyses of the correspondence between the patients' (N=91) and their parents' (N=139; 87 mothers) affective profiles revealed that some emotional parental factors were associated with their child's affective functioning the importance of evaluating substances uses modalities in great details for a better understanding of addictives behaviors, and the appropriateness of developmental and family designs
Boutin, Stéphanie. "Les différentes formes de violence agie envers les pairs à l'âge scolaire primaire influencent-elles la consommation de psychotropes chez les adolescents?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/673.
Повний текст джерелаBisson, Louis-David. "L'intégration communautaire chez les personnes ayant à la fois une consommation problématique de psychotropes et des symptômes de stress post-traumatique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7589.
Повний текст джерелаBarrault, Marion. "Fluctuations émotionnelles, relation conjugale et consommation de substances : une étude en vie quotidienne chez un échantillon de femmes toxicomanes." Thèse, Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6345.
Повний текст джерелаVavassori, David. "Etude psychopathologique des comportements de consommation de substances psychoactives (usage, abus, dépendance) : construction d'un modèle multidimensionnel de la dépendance psychopathologique." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20054.
Повний текст джерелаThe descriptions of the "addictive practices" (use, abuse, dependence) while constituting an important common basis for the diagnosis. Do these facts interrogate us on what is a psychopathological dependence ? This interrogative development conduct us to elaborate the following hypothesis: The "psychopathological dependence" to the psychoactive substances is characterized by psychodynamic, psychological and environmental factors, contributory to the constitution of differents mode of the psychic dependence. This process predominate in the apparition of the addictive behaviors. We tested this hypothesis near to 53 consumers subjects of psychoactive substances, submitted to instrument battery (ASI; SCL 90-R; TAT; The test of the tree; The biographic interview). Our results put in evidence : The absence of empiric foundation of the psychiatric classification of the consumption behaviors (use, abuse, dependence). Psychopathological configurations of the dependence integrating the psychodynamic, psychological and environmental factors. The existence of different modes of the psychic dependences predominate in the "psychopathological dependence". Finally, we attempted to construct a model of the "psychopathological dependence"
Demers-Lessard, Geneviève. "Rôle du réseau social dans la trajectoire thérapeutique des adolescents vivant des difficultés liées à leur consommation de substances psychoactives." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25276.
Повний текст джерелаLemyre, Alexandre. "La timidité interagit-elle avec l'affiliation aux pairs pour prédire l'usage de substances des adolescents?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28048.
Повний текст джерелаBeauregard, Jennifer. "Étude des stratégies d'adaptation au stress des individus présentant à la fois une consommation problématique de psychotropes et des symptômes de stress post-traumatique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10651.
Повний текст джерелаDesmarchelier, Benoît. "La croissance tertiaire face à la problématique environnementale : une approche par les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis starts from a paradoxical observation, that of a temporal correspondence in the birth of three phenomena : problematic and growing pollution levels, tertiarization of economic activities and mass material consumption. This correspondence constitutes a paradox, because it is given that services are rather non-material activities, and also because tertiarized economies have often been described as composed by individuals searching to consume qualitative and tertiary products rather than searching to consume massively material goods. We explain this correspondence by the adaptive behavior of the economic agents.Tertiarization implies that the demand of goods reaches progressively its level of repletion. We explore the hypothesis that industrial firms have responded to this repletion by implementing planned obsolescence strategies. It seems that these strategies are behind the birth of the consumption society. In this context, the consumption society appears as a consequence of the tertiarization process. For all that, growth and the environment are not conflicting objectives for tertiary economies. Indeed, their growth is increasingly based on the accumulation of intangible capitals. This new source of accumulation permits to undertake majortransformations within industrial production processes without challenging the general process of economic growth. Furthermore, an environmental tax policy seems to be able to induce such desirable transformations
Borselli, Diane. "Adjuvants pour limiter la consommation d'antibiotiques en médecine vétérinaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0093/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe constant increase of multidrug resistant bacteria is leaving clinicians and veterinarians with very limited options to treat bacterial infections. The main goal of my work was find a chemical solution to reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine, especially in swines, without affecting the health of the livestock. To achieve this goal, we have developed a drug combination approach based on the association of antibiotics with chemosensitizers, herein called adjuvants, some of which were polyamines derivatives from natural sources. To provide the proof of concept, combination of several derivatives from different chemical sources (marine sponges and plants) have been tested ex vivo on « ESKAPE » pathogens, which are among the most urgent bacterial threats. Results from these studies allowed us to develop procedures for screening antibacterial activities and methodologies for understanding the impact of the selected adjuvants on bacterial physiology.Florfenicol is a widely used antibiotic to treat respiratory infections in swine. Therefore, derivatives were further assessed in combination with florfenicol, and florfenicol adjuvants were identified. The mode of action of one chosen adjuvant on bacterial membranes was further investigated by using fluorescence and bioluminescence methods. Data showed that this molecule was able to potentiate the antibiotic activity by increasing its intracellular concentration (membranotrope activity and inhibition of efflux) but also causes inner membrane depolarization. Flagellar motility represents an important virulence factor which use PMF, and we showed a diminution of the motility's halo with our compound
Lorente, Fabrice Olivier. "Consommation de substances et sport : un problème de santé publique : études épidémiologiques et psycho-sociales auprès des adolescents et des jeunes adultes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22046.
Повний текст джерелаBernadet, Sabrina. "Consommation de substances psychoactives et comportements antisociaux à l’adolescence : étude psychopathologique multi-échantillons, approche centrée sur la personne et facteurs de vulnérabilité." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21977/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to study, among adolescents, the psychopathological and psychological mechanisms involved in the co-occurrence of antisocial behaviors and psychoactive substance use and in the “pathologizing” of psychoactive substance use through a person-centered and a variable-centered approach and based on a multi-sample plan. This research focus on: 1) 1 025 middle and high school students aged between 12 to 16 years old, 2) 168 inpatients and outpatients adolescents aged between 12 to 18 years old, and 3) 43 psychoactive substance abusers/dependent adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. A multi-source assessment (adolescents, parents, teachers) was used to collect information about adolescents’ antisocial behaviors, psychoactive substance use, risk-taking behaviors, past and present externalized and internalized disorders and symptoms, personality, perceived stress and coping strategies. The results show that adolescents are most likely to associate antisocial behaviors and psychoactive substances use and to have a risky psychoactive substance use when they present both relational problems (low cooperation, oppositional defiant disorder, low transcendence), emotional difficulties (depressive symptoms, internalizing disorder, intolerance to frustration, perceived stress in school and in relationships with parents, dysfunctional coping strategies) and behavioral dysregulation (high novelty seeking, ADHD/ODD comorbidity). Mechanisms involved in the pathologizing of psychoactive substance use are similar to the adoption of risky psychoactive substance use. Nevertheless, the risk of pathologizing is all the more important when emotional and relational problems are temperamental expression (low social reward dependence). In terms of prevention of risky psychoactive substance use in adolescence and of its pathologizing, it seems important to distinguish between these different levels of vulnerability (psychopathological, psychological, temperamental, adaptative)
Jetté, Jonathan. "Une étude compréhensive des coûts d’une intervention Logement d’abord pour les individus avec consommation problématique et un historique d’itinérance, incluant une analyse des facteurs influençant la variation des coûts." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37017.
Повний текст джерелаAlbert, Joanie. "Relation entre le trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) et la consommation de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents : le rôle médiateur du trouble des conduites." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26413.
Повний текст джерелаTama, Pogma. "Trajectoire des enfants de la rue : influences des accusations de sorcellerie et de consommation des substances psychoactives chez les enfants de la rue de Pointe-Noire (République du Congo)." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe general objective of the thesis is to test the influence of the witchcraft accusations and consumption of psychoactive substances on the street children of Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo); according to their life-course and thanks to the longitudinal qualitative method. We briefly recalled the current conceptual debate on the phenomenon. Several reasons can explain the departure of a child in the street. Among them are the witchcraft accusations. The study targeted 15 children from 11 to 15 years old and makes it possible to assert that these accusations lead to the street children status. These children live a disaffiliation with their family together with losses of identity markers. Specific defense mechanisms are thus set up by the children to face the witchcraft accusations of which they are victims. The arrival in the street is accompanied by a desocialisation in the child which most advanced stage is the paradoxical over adaptation (Douville, 2003-2004). The psychoactive substances consumption also indicates the state of desocialisation. It enables the children to keep on going and to face the difficult survival conditions of the street. It is used as a medium for the resolution of the psychological conflicts. In this logic, the psychoactive substances are a transitional object for the children. The fixing with the psychoactive substances and the belief in witchcraft makes it difficult to work on the exit street projects. The barriers set by the parents vis-a-vis a return of the child into the family lead the accompaniers to refer the children towards accommodation centers
Ben, Amor Hedi. "Le bioxyde de chlore dans la filière de production des eaux de consommation : contribution à l'étude de son mécanisme d'action sur les molécules modèles et sur les substances humiques aquatiques." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2314.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Amor Hedi. "Le Bioxyde de chlore dans la filière de production des eaux de consommation contribution à l'étude de son mécanisme d'action sur les molécules modèles et sur les substances humiques aquatiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376117640.
Повний текст джерелаGendron, Annie. "Influence de la sévérité de la consommation de substances psychoactives, de la détresse psychologique et de l'impulsivité sur la sévérité des habitudes de jeux de hasard et d'argent à l'adolescence." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6168/1/030403993.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBellon-Champel, Laura. "Dynamique familiale et stratégies d'adaptation chez les parents d'adolescents présentant un usage problématique de cannabis : facteurs associés à la détresse psychologique parentale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB227.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: the period of adolescence is the age group for which cannabis use is highest in France. Cannabis use in adolescence is an important stressor for parents. The first aim of the present study was to better identify specific family dynamics and coping strategies (individual and dyadic) mobilized by parents of adolescent cannabis users. Second, was to investigate the factors associated with psychological distress (family dynamics, coping strategies). Method: during this quantitative and qualitative study, 50 parents consult for a problematic adolescent cannabis use and 67 control parents answered at a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES IV) and the Family Relationship Index (FRI) to assess family dynamics, the Brief Cope to estimate situational coping strategies and dyadic coping Inventory (DCI) to address the dyadic coping strategies mobilized by the sample's parents couple. Results: parents of adolescent cannabis users had a high psychological distress and have obtained significantly different scores on the dimensions of family dynamics, compare at parental control group. Thus, family functioning of parents of adolescent cannabis users was defined as cohesion and lower communication capabilities but also high intensity conflict from parents in the control group. A dimension of family dynamics (conflicts) and four situational coping strategies (expressing feelings, blame, substance use, behavioral disengagement) were positively related to psychological distress. Dyadic coping strategies (communication about the stress, negative strategies, ect) were positively related to psychological distress experienced by parents couple. Conclusion: these results show the interest of better understanding the experiences of parents facing the adolescent problem cannabis use and suggest directions for future supported
Laguerre, Claire-Emmanuelle. "Exposition aux événements traumatiques et trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les individus souffrant de troubles liés à l'usage de substances : analyse de l'impact psychologique, culturel et familial." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1757/.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Co-occurrence of substance use disorder (SUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is quite frequent in mainland France and Martinique. Moreover, exposure to traumatic events, and a family history of traumatic events of SUD increase the risk of SUD development. Aims : (i) to assess the prevalence of comorbid PTSD and SUDs in France mainland and Martinique, (ii) to identify the characteristics, the severity and types of trauma, (iii) to assess the role of psychodynamic and intergenerational variables in PTSD among individuals with SUDs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study, among individuals with SUDs and control participants from the general population. Results: 149 participants were included (SUDs, n = 65; non-SUDs, n = 84). Subjects in the SUD group reported significantly higher scores for repetition, avoidance and arousal symptoms than the non-SUDs (p < 0. 001). Only physical/sexual abuse (p = 0. 011) and hyperarousal (p = 0. 006) significantly contributed to the SUDs status. Furthermore, SUDs variables and traumatic events among parents (respectively, p = 0. 036 and p = 0. 015) and avoidant attachment scores (p = 0. 001) contributed significantly to the model explaining SUD status. "Avoidant attachment" (p = 0. 013), "secure attachment" (p = 0. 016), SUDs from the grandparents (p = 0. 003) and traumatic events among parents (p = 0. 002) and education (p < 0. 01) contributed significantly to the model predicting clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Results highlight the importance of taking into consideration, both the symptoms of PTSD family psychological disorder history, when treating individuals with SUDs
Ste-Marie-Gaudry, Marianne. "Association entre le maintien et les changements dans la sévérité de la consommation de substances psychoactives et les stratégies d'adaptation chez des adolescents et des adolescentes de la 2e à la 3e année du secondaire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7408/1/030775607.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAubut, Valérie. "Les trajectoires addictives des personnes âgées en lien avec les trajectoires de recherche d’aide et d’utilisation de services, le point de vue d’usagers." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10529.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : The problematic use of psychoactive substances (PS; alcohol, drugs, prescription medication) is a significant phenomenon among people aged 65 and over. Moreover, in addiction treatment services of the Québec Province, the presence of elderly persons has increased. Epidemiological studies have identified two types of addiction trajectories: some elderly has a PS use that has started long time ago and has persisted for several years and for others the addiction trajectory has begun recently, in a period associated with aging to cope with stressful life events. Diverse reasons can explain this difference, but very few studies have explored the point of view of the elderly about their use of PA and their reasons for seeking-help The aim of the study is to describe and understand the addiction trajectories in relation to help-seeking and service use trajectories from the perspectives of elderly people in addiction treatment for PA. A descriptive interpretative study design was used. It was based on in-depth interviews conducted with 11 elderly people receiving addiction treatment in two regions of the Québec Province. A trajectory analysis taking into account the chronology of the events was crossed with a thematic analysis The results suggest that there are three types of addiction trajectories in the elderly of the study. These trajectories are influenced by different factors, including the associated health, mental and physical problems and life experiences and the use of services in the past. The trajectories of seeking help and using dependency services are also influenced by their social network, which includes members of the entourage, but also health professionals. These seem to be a lever to a reference to addictive treatment. The study not only shows the complexity of the drug use phenomenon among the elderly, but also how the heterogeneity of the aging experiences could influence the consumption of elderly. Certain aspects related to the aging experience such as retirement, social participation are particularly important to understand how addictions could influence the elderly.
Le, Roux Gaël. "L'alcoolisation des étudiantes irlandaises." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0015.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the heavy episodic alcohol consumption of Irish female students. Firstly, it aims to understand the recent increase of this type of drinking by considering it from different perspectives. A macro and comparative analysis was provided by the literature review as well as a micro one through a qualitative research. Semi-guided individual interviews of 40 female students from the same third-level educational establishment were conducted. A research philosophy of an ecological nature was selected, following the principle that only a multi-disciplinary approach could provide an overall understanding of such a social fact. The key findings reveal that the majority of participants “binge drink » on average twice weekly. This represents an obstacle to their socialisation with female students from foreign origins, who tend not to drink heavily when they socialise. The “Irish drinking”, as a celebration of a national identity, is being used by many participants as an excuse. They try, in fact, to postpone as long as possible, adult roles and responsibilities by shutting themselves away in a “post-adolescence” period. Furthermore, for them, this type of alcohol consumption signifies less a search for equality with their male counterparts than a desire to interact with and seduce them. Finally, by drinking this way, they attempt to affirm themselves as youth rather than as women or Irish
Kernalléguen, Angéline. "Caractérisation et localisation des xénobiotiques dans les cheveux par spectrométrie de masse Maldi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0754.
Повний текст джерелаHair analysis is now recognized as a relevant tool in the field of toxicology. It provides a precise history of an individual’s exposure to drugs, whether it is a punctual or repeated consumption.Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) has many advantages over conventional techniques: the amount of hair needed is reduced, the sample preparation is simplified and the images are acquired with high spatial resolution (~ 100 μm).MALDI (MALDI-MSn) imaging allowed us to characterize and map the evolution of drugs amounts along the hair with very spatial resolution avoiding long and complex pre-sample preparation.MALDI coupled to Microaarays for Mass Spectrometry (MAMS) allowed us to develop a method for semi-quantitation of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and cocaethylene using 1 mg of hair and 2 hours of extraction; the results are well correlated with a validated quantification method. This method is relevant when urgent results are required.In total, the development of these two applications demonstrates the relevance of MALDI mass spectrometry in the toxicological analysis of hair. The prospects are to improve these protocols in order to transpose them routinely and to develop large screening methods by MALDI mass spectrometry
Larabi, Islam Amine. "Nouveaux produits de synthèse : analyse, consommation et métabolisme ; Applications cliniques et médicolégales Rapid and simultaneous screening of new psychoactive substances and conventional drugs of abuse. A comparative study of Biochip Array Technology versus LC-MS/MS in whole blood and urine Development of a sensitive untargeted liquid chromatography– high resolution mass spectrometry screening devoted to hair analysis through a shared MS2 spectra database: A step toward early detection of new psychoactive substances Validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of sixteen synthetic cannabinoids in human hair. Application to document chronic use of JWH-122 following a non-fatal overdose Development and validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry targeted screening of 16 fentanyl analogs and U-47700 in hair: Application to 137 authentic samples Prevalence and Surveillance of Synthetic Cathinones Use by Hair Analysis: An Update Review Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substances(NPS) and conventional drugs of abuse (DOA) in high risk populations from Paris(France) and its suburbs A cross sectional study by hair testing(2012–2017) Evaluation of drug abuse by hair analysis and self-reported use among MSM under PrEP: Results from a sub-study of the ANRS-IPERGAY trial. Hair testing for 3‑fluorofentanyl, furanylfentanyl, methoxyacetylfentanyl, carfentanil, acetylfentanyl and fentanyl by LC–MS/MS after unintentional overdose Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC),3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis Metabolic Profiling of Deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine (O-PCE) and identification of new target metabolites in urine and hair using human liver microsomes and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL029.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the present work was to develop two analytical approaches dedicated to the analysis of new psychoactive substances in different biological matrices (blood, urine and hair). The first approach is based on untargeted screening by both biochip array technology chemiluminescence assay and liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and the second corresponds to a targeted screening by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These two approaches were then applied in observational studies to assess the consumption of NPS in high risk populations (overdose, drug abuse, drug facilitated crimes) in clinical and forensic settings. The last part of the work was devoted to the development of a new analytical tool for LC-HRMS data processing which made it possible to study the metabolism of 9 NPS In vitro on human liver microsomes (HLM) and In vivo in biological samples from drug users. This approach has enabled the creation of HRMS spectral library containing 228 metabolites, some of which have been proposed as relevant markers of NPS exposure.This work has resulted on 10 scientific publications and allowed to initiate many multidisciplinary collaborations
Rochon, Audrey. "Symptômes dépressifs et consommation problématique de substances psychoactives : effets modérateurs du contexte social." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6862.
Повний текст джерелаOf adolescents who use drugs, only a minority develops significant problems related to this drug use. It is then relevant to know and understand the processes by which this problematic consumption develops itself in order to be able to prevent it. This study examines the roles of depression symptoms and social relationships in the development of problematic drug use at the adolescence. More precisely, it aims at determining, with the help of a prospective correlational longitudinal design, if peers support, parental support and the quality of the teacher-student relationship have moderator effects on the relationship between depressive symptoms and problematic drug use. The sample used for this study is taken from the Stratégie d’Intervention Agir Autrement and is comprised of 4473 teenagers. Multiple linear regressions were completed and showed that depressive symptoms enhance the risk of a problematic drug use to be developed, whereas peers support impairs it. Contrary to what was expected, results show that parental support enhances the risk of developing a problematic drug use and that the teacher-student relationship has no significant impact. Moreover, peers support has a protective role, parental support intensifies the relationship between depressive symptoms and problematic drug use, whereas the quality of the teacher-student relationship attenuates it.
Gagnon, Valérie. "Pratiques parentales, fréquentation d'amis déviants et consommation problématique de substances psychoactives à l'adolescence : effets modérateurs des symptômes dépressifs et du sexe." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11115.
Повний текст джерелаPsychoactive substance use and problem substance use are common phenomena in adolescence. They have generated a sustained interest in Western countries in the past few decades. Research has highlighted the necessity of a model examining the joint effects of peer group and family on these phenomena. Two major theoretical trends have emerged from the literature, namely socialization and selection processes. Moreover, many studies have attempted to explain the observed comorbidity of these phenomena with depressive symptomatology, which is generally associated with a heavier prognostic. However, the nature and direction of this association remain unclear. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms is necessary to guiding prevention and intervention efforts. The first objective of this thesis is to contribute to clarify the nature of the etiology of problem substance use in adolescence. It examines how problem substance use revolves around familial, behavioral and affective factors and with substance using and deviant friend affiliations. To do so, it tests two competitive mediation models. The second objective of this thesis is to clarify the association between these different dimensions and depressive symptomatology by testing the moderator effect of depressive symptoms on the proposed mediation sequence. The third and last objective is to identify the particularities that may exist between boys and girls by testing the moderator effect of gender on the same mediation sequence. This work was carried out using a cohort from the New Approaches, New Solutions (NANS) longitudinal dataset, which comprises more than 3000 students attending school in mostly disadvantaged areas of Quebec who were followed throughout high school (2003-2007). The analyses carried out in this thesis provide empirical support to the socialization model but not to the selection model when both models are tested separately. However, when tested simultaneously, the structural crosslagged models provide no empirical support to the mediation associations predicted by both models, in favor of stability mediation associations, except for one association suggested by Patterson’s model for boys. Moderation analyses (multigroups) suggest indeed that gender has a moderator effect. Parental behavioral control appears particularly important in the etiology of problematic behaviors in boys, while familial conflicts seem more central for girls. Moderation analyses also suggest a moderator effect of depressive symptoms, but while it was expected that these symptoms would exacerbate the studied associations, none of the associations actually remained significant in the depressive group. This study therefore suggests that depressive symptomatology and problem substance use appear together in a more global profile of risk. To our knowledge, this thesis is the first to take a specific interest in the moderation effect of depressive symptoms on the associations between the different dimensions under study. The results underscore the importance of an early psychosocial intervention with adolescents at risk and with adolescents struggling with depressive symptoms, while targeting specific aspects for boys and girls.
Boucher, Marie-Pier. "Développement d'une rétroaction normative à la suite de la grille de dépistage de la consommation problématique d'alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents et les adolescentes." Thèse, 2021. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9548/1/eprint9548.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGagné, Marie Rachel. "Effet d'un traitement de l'abus de substances psychotropes sur la détresse psychologique et le fonctionnement exécutif autorégulateur, chez des adolescents présentant une problématique de consommation." Thèse, 2012. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2726/1/030297904.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDansereau, Véronique. "La comorbidité de l'épuisement professionnel et de la consommation de substances psychoactives." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9837.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this master is to explore the concurrent associations between two phenomena related to stress, burnout and the use of psychoactive substance. Particularly, this research focuses on the three dimensions of burnout as defined by Maslach (1981), on two hazardous alcohol patterns consumption, binge drinking and weekly alcohol abuse, and on psychotropic drugs utilization. From a sample of 1809 workers issued from 83 workplaces in Quebec, typical profiles corresponding to different forms of comorbidity are identified with the use of latent class analysis. Four typical profiles were identified. The first one referred to “healthy” individuals who presented the lowest scores for the three dimensions of burnout without misuse of any psychoactive substances. Two more groups corresponded to intermediate health risk forms of comorbidity patterns. The fourth one was composed of “fragile” workers, with the highest burnout scores and the highest probabilities for misusing alcohol and psychotropic drugs. In addition, this research identified some risk and protective factors associated with each profiles. Multivariate analyses results corroborated most associations found in the occupational stress literature on organizational work conditions (model components of occupational stress developed by Karasek and Theorell (1990) and Siegrist (1996)), non-work determinants (marital status, parental status and household income), and on individual characteristics (age and gender). Low rewards and high overcommitment appeared as particularly significant risk factors for the intermediate and severe forms of comorbidity. Low skills utilization, low social support at work, high psychological demands and a young age explained to a lesser extent part of the variation observed between the comorbidity profiles. Results supported a three-dimensional conceptualization of burnout.
Philippe-Labbé, Marie-Pierre. "La résolution de la consommation problématique d'alcool et de drogues selon les femmes pekuakamiulnuatsh ayant vécu ce problème." Thèse, 2006. http://constellation.uqac.ca/497/1/24683878.pdf.
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