Статті в журналах: "Connectivity infrastructure"

1

Sandee, Henry. "Infrastructure for Asian Connectivity." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 49, no. 3 (December 2013): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2013.850648.

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Bhattacharyay, Biswa Nath, Masahiro Kawai, and Rajat M. Nag. "Infrastructure for Asian Connectivity." Southeast Asian Economies 30, no. 3 (2013): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae30-3j.

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3

Kende, Michael, Sonia Livingstone, Scott Minehane, Michael Minges, Simon Molloy, and George Sciadas. "GLOBAL CONNECTIVTY REPORT 2022. CHAPTERS 3-4. ACCELERATING PROGRESS TOWARDS UNIVERSAL AND MEANINGFUL CONNECTIVITY & THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MIDDLE-MILE CONNECTIVITY." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, no. 4 (2022): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-4-22-32.

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The Global Connectivity Report 2022 takes stock of the progress in digital connectivity over the past three decades. It provides a detailed assessment of the current state of connectivity and how close the world is to achieving universal and meaningful connectivity, using a unique analytical framework. It goes on to showcase solutions and good practices to accelerate progress. The second part of the report consists of seven thematic deep dives on infrastructure, affordability, financing, the pandemic, regulation, youth, and data. Chapter 3 explores options to accelerate progress towards universal and meaningful connectivity. Expanding broadband networks is needed to eliminate the remaining blind spots and improve the quality of connectivity. Measures include reducing constraints on foreign direct investment to attract capital for upgrading and expanding digital infrastructure; ensuring sound ICT sector regulation to help build competitive markets and enhance predictability; promoting infrastructure sharing to reduce costs; ensuring the supply of adequate, inexpensive spectrum to help reduce coverage gaps; and ensuring sufficient capacity and a shift to new generations of mobile broadband. Solutions to ensure an adequate energy provision to power ICT infrastructure include policy incentives, reducing duties and taxes on green power equipment and allowing independent power producers. Chapter 4 explores the importance of middle-mile connectivity as countries develop digital economies – achieving better quality, lower costs and greater redundancy. The “middle mile” consists of infrastructure responsible for storing and exchanging data. It is an overlooked yet critical link in the connectivity chain, between international connectivity – or “first-mile” connectivity – and “last-mile” connectivity, made of the infrastructure that connects the users, which is hence more visible and tangible. The three key components of a domestic data infrastructure ecosystem are Internet exchange points (IXPs), data centres and cloud computing.

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4

Netirith, Narthsirinth, and Mingjun Ji. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Transport Infrastructure Connectivity and Trade." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159613.

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Analyzing the efficiency of transport infrastructure connectivity and trade in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is very important for regional integration for international trade in the RCEP. This study aims to significantly measure the efficiency of the connectivity of infrastructure in the RCEP for improving the performance of infrastructure connection and suggest the way to improve the connection of infrastructure. Therefore, the input and output variables of infrastructure connectivity have been inserted to achieve this objective. The inputs are: the number of ports, rail range, and road networks, the number of land borders, the number of maritime borders, number of cross border points, railway linkage with other countries, number of ports connected with railways, and the number of ports connected with road base on the “intermodal and multimodal concept”. On the other hand, the output factors most related to trade and economics are GDP, transport, import, and export volume. The paper applied DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model by using DEAP software to analyze the data. The result reveals that the efficiency of infrastructures connectivity and international trade in 10 countries were efficient and 5 countries were inefficient. The research study presents ways of development to improve the connectivity by investing in the basic infrastructures, such as increasing the logistics connection points and driving forward for international trade in the RCEP.

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5

Hill, Hal, Takatoshi Ito, Kazumasa Iwata, Colin McKenzie, and Shujiro Urata. "Connectivity and Infrastructure: Editors' Overview." Asian Economic Policy Review 11, no. 2 (July 2016): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12150.

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6

Hakman, M. "Connectivity Infrastructure and Components for POCT Environments - Overall Infrastructure." Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535(04)00138-8.

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7

Hakman, Mikael, and Torgny Groth. "Connectivity Infrastructure and Components for POCT Environments — Overall Infrastructure." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, no. 3 (June 2001): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00138-8.

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8

BHATTACHARYAY, BISWA NATH. "INSTITUTIONS FOR ASIAN CONNECTIVITY." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 01, no. 02 (October 2010): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993310000172.

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To make Asia more economically sustainable and resilient against external shocks, regional economies need to be rebalanced toward regional demand- and trade-driven growth through increased regional connectivity. The effectiveness of this connectivity depends on the quality of hard and soft infrastructure. Of particular importance in terms of soft (facilitating) infrastructure that makes hard (physical) infrastructure work are the facilitating institutions that support connectivity through appropriate policies, reforms, systems, procedures, and through promoting effective coordination and cooperation. Asia has many overlapping subregional institutions involved in national and regional energy, transport, and telecommunications infrastructure connectivity. However, these institutions are characterized as being less effective, informal, and lacking a clear and binding system of rules and policies. To build seamless Asian connectivity, Asia needs an effective, formal, and rules-based institutional framework. The paper presents a new institutional framework for Pan-Asian connectivity together with the organizational structures of two new regional institutional mechanisms, namely the Pan-Asian Infrastructure Forum and the Asian Infrastructure Fund.

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9

Bhattacharyay, Biswa Nath. "Infrastructure for ASEAN Connectivity and Integration." Asean Economic Bulletin 27, no. 2 (2010): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae27-2d.

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10

Ma, Mingxin, and Jing Liang. "Research on the connectivity of port infrastructure along the 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road." SHS Web of Conferences 192 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419201009.

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The connectivity construction of the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century has created more opportunities for trade and further promoted maritime trade among countries along the route. As an important hub of the maritime connectivity network, the construction of port infrastructure connectivity is of great significance. Taking the port infrastructure of 30 countries along the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road as an example, this paper analyzes the current state of port connectivity construction in China. It identifies that the port infrastructure connectivity between China and Southeast Asia is the most developed and establishes an indicator system for evaluating the potential for port infrastructure connectivity. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), it is found that Germany, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and other countries have relatively high port infrastructure connectivity potential. Finally, suggestions are put forward: China should strengthen the connectivity construction of port infrastructure with Europe and prioritize policy exchanges with Germany to align port development strategies and enhance bilateral maritime trade by establishing complementary trade chains.

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11

Martinez Oliva, Juan Carlos. "On the Road: Connectivity infrastructures in Southeast Asia." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 1, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v1i1.6.

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This paper considers the problems surrounding the implementation of road infrastructure plans in a policy perspective. As the main pillar of regional connectivity, road networks provide the link across national markets, foster strong and sustainable economic growth, help meeting people’sbasic needs, and promote trade and competiveness. It is argued that planning, implementing, and managing good transportation infrastructures poses a series of challenges that require competence, good governance, and the availability of funds. Such problems become more complex when road projects encompass different states and become transnational. The regional dimension of connectivity involves both opportunities and risks; a cooperative attitude by all parties is viewed as the best ingredient to achieve a positive balance. Since most countries cannot still rely on domestic resources, the paper stresses the role of virtuous policies in directing capital flows from abroad towards the infrastructural projects of Southeast Asia.

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12

Tache, Antonio-Valentin, Oana-Cătălina Popescu, and Alexandru-Ionuț Petrișor. "Conceptual Model for Integrating the Green-Blue Infrastructure in Planning Using Geospatial Tools: Case Study of Bucharest, Romania Metropolitan Area." Land 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071432.

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A green-blue infrastructure is essential for achieving the European Green Deal objectives and can be used to protect large cities and their metropolitan areas against urban sprawl. Green-blue infrastructure is an important research topic, because green-blue planning networks provide solutions for mitigating contemporary growing urban and climate challenges. Our study aims to create an innovative methodology for defining and analyzing the elements of green-blue infrastructure and their connectivity within Bucharest, Romania and its metropolitan area, to serve as a planning model. The methodology consists of merging European geodata sets with metropolitan and local data, using GIS tools, and analyzing the connectivity within the study area. All connections resulted from implementing the Linkage Mapper tool were operationalized, using high-resolution satellite images and correcting obtained connections, so that deviations from reality were minimized. The results consist of a conceptual model for planning the green-blue infrastructure within Bucharest and in its metropolitan area, embedding an analysis of its connectivity. The study contributes to implementing the concept of green infrastructure in urban and spatial planning, providing tools for planning the green-blue infrastructures of large cities and their metropolitan areas and, implicitly, reducing urban sprawl, improving air quality and mitigating environmental threats due to climate change.

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13

Dang, Thuy T., Thi Oanh Nguyen, Ngoc Diem Tran, and Duc Trung Nguyen. "Transport Infrastructure Connectivity Through the Mekong–India Economic Corridor: A Case Study of India and Vietnam." FOCUS: Journal of International Business 9, no. 1 (2022): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/jpi.focus.v9i1.912202.

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Transport infrastructure connectivity plays an important role in promoting trade between two countries, and creates an impetus for economic development and international cooperation. A synchronous, modern, flexible and appropriate transport infrastructure connectivity system promotes trade, boosts productivity and efficiency of cooperation, and promotes linkages between countries. The Mekong–India Economic Corridor (MIEC) is considered a bridge between India and the Mekong sub-region, including the CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam). Despite the position of an end point in the connectivity system, Vietnam is an important factor in India’s Look East strategy. Enhancing transport infrastructure connectivity through the MIEC will help promote Vietnam–India comprehensive strategic partnership effectively. The paper, based on objective assessment, presents an in-depth perspective on the transport infrastructure connectivity between Vietnam and India through the MIEC and figures out the bottlenecks in connectivity, cooperation and development between the two countries.

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14

Ciminiera, L., G. Marchetto, F. Risso, and L. Torrero. "Distributed connectivity service for a SIP infrastructure." IEEE Network 22, no. 5 (September 2008): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2008.4626230.

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15

Llanto, Gilberto M. "Philippine Infrastructure and Connectivity: Challenges and Reforms." Asian Economic Policy Review 11, no. 2 (July 2016): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12141.

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16

Karnoto, Suparjito Bin, Wawan Setiawan, Hasan Fauzi, Rizky Anggunani, and Dinar Rafikalif. "Connectivity infrastructure and Central Java’s economics performance." Journal of Business and Information Systems (e-ISSN: 2685-2543) 6, no. 1 (July 5, 2024): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36067/jbis.v6i1.238.

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This research aims to describe the benefits of developing connectivity infrastructure on economic performance in the Central Java region. The data used in this research are road length, the wide of an area, economic growth, human development index and poverty rate per district/city in Central Java in 2023. By using a Cartesian diagram approach (4 quadrant analysis), a comparison is made between the ratio of road length and the wide of an area with economic growth, comparison between the ratio of road length and the wide of an area with the human development index (HDI) and the comparison between the ratio of road length and the wide of an area with the poverty level to obtain an overview of road infrastructure development and economic performance in Central Java. The research results show that road infrastructure development plays an important role in encouraging increased economic performance in the Central Java region.

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17

Bolliger, Janine, and Janet Silbernagel. "Contribution of Connectivity Assessments to Green Infrastructure (GI)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040212.

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A major goal of green infrastructure (GI) is to provide functional networks of habitats and ecosystems to maintain biodiversity long-term, while at the same time optimizing landscape and ecosystem functions and services to meet human needs. Traditionally, connectivity studies are informed by movement ecology with species-specific attributes of the type and timing of movement (e.g., dispersal, foraging, mating) and movement distances, while spatial environmental data help delineate movement pathways across landscapes. To date, a range of methods and approaches are available that (a) are relevant across any organism and movement type independent of time and space scales, (b) are ready-to-use as standalone freeware or custom GIS implementation, and (c) produce appealing visual outputs that facilitate communication with land managers. However, to enhance the robustness of connectivity assessments and ensure that current trends in connectivity modeling contribute to GI with their full potential, common denominators on which to ground planning and design strategies are required. Likewise, comparable, repeatable connectivity assessments will be needed to put results of these scientific tools into practice for multi-functional GI plans and implementation. In this paper, we discuss use and limitations of state-of-the-art connectivity methods in contributing to GI implementation.

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18

Wang, Ke, Yong Li, and Jun Wu. "Identifying multiple vulnerable areas of infrastructure network under global connectivity measure." International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, no. 07 (July 2019): 1940004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183119400047.

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Infrastructure networks provide significant services for our society. Nevertheless, high dependence on physical infrastructures makes infrastructure networks vulnerable to disasters or intentional attacks which being considered as geographically related failures that happened in specific geographical locations and result in failures of neighboring network components. To provide comprehensive network protection against failures, vulnerability of infrastructure network needs to be assessed with various network performance measures. However, when considering about multiple vulnerable areas, available researches just employ measure of total number of affected edges while neglecting edges’ different topologies. In this paper, we focus on identifying multiple vulnerable areas under global connectivity measure: Size Ratio of the Giant Component (SRGC). Firstly, Deterministic Damage Circle Model and Multiple Barycenters Method are presented to determine damage impact and location of damage region. For solving the HP-hard problem of identifying multiple optimal attacks, we transform the problem into combinational optimization problem and propose a mixed heuristic strategy consisted of both Greedy Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm to attain the optimal solution. We obtain numerical results for real-world infrastructure network, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness and applicability of the presented strategy and algorithms. The distinctive results of SRGC indicate the necessity and significance of considering global connectivity measure in assessing vulnerability of infrastructure networks.

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19

Gorman, Sean P., and Angela McIntee. "Tethered Connectivity? The Spatial Distribution of Wireless Infrastructure." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, no. 7 (July 2003): 1157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a35255.

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At current growth rates, the number of wireless subscribers will surpass that of fixed telephones in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century. This fundamental shift in telecommunications has led many to believe that wireless technologies will break the ‘tyranny of geography’, help close the digital divide between core and periphery locations, and allow firms to be more footloose. This paper will examine the spatial distribution of wireless infrastructure in the United States to determine if the core–periphery relationship of cities is altered by wireless technologies. To do so the analysis will compare wireless infrastructure with Internet infrastructure and telephone switch infrastructure with a focus on data infrastructure in all three categories. The infrastructure datasets will be then compared with population distributions to determine their impacts on a spatial digital divide. The results of the study will provide a snapshot of the geography of wireless technologies, a comparison with other terrestrial communications, and insight into the policy of infrastructure delivery.

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20

Risimati, Brightnes, Trynos Gumbo, and James Chakwizira. "Spatial Integration of Non-Motorized Transport and Urban Public Transport Infrastructure: A Case of Johannesburg." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 11461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011461.

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Sustainability of transport infrastructure integration begins with involving an all-inclusive transportation chain instead of only focusing on one part of the journey. This is achieved by facilitating spatial integration between diverse transport modalities to allow for a multiplicity of travel opportunities. This paper unpacks the extent of the spatial integration of non-motorized transport and urban public transport infrastructure within the city of Johannesburg in South Africa. Cycling activity datasets derived from Strava Metro and the spatial data of urban public transport infrastructures were collected to demonstrate existing spatial patterns and infrastructure connectivity. Exploratory spatial data analysis and focal statistics analysis were central in the data processing. The findings reveal that cycling activities are separated from urban public transport infrastructure, and the city of Johannesburg’s transport system is characterized by spatially fragmented commuting and cycling operations, with limited to no sharing of infrastructure. Most public transport stations are not easily accessible for non-motorized transport and are characterized by inadequate cycling facilities. In conclusion, the identification of an urban public transportation catchment area becomes essential for developing cities such as Johannesburg. This can be used as tool for planning infrastructural upgrades and forecasting potential public transport ridership while also assessing the impacts of investments in transit planning. There is thus a need to integrate motorized urban public transport and cycling infrastructural developments toward promoting multi-mobility and infrastructure sharing.

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21

Kende, Michael, Sonia Livingstone, Scott Minehane, Michael Minges, Simon Molloy, and George Sciadas. "GLOBAL CONNECTIVTY REPORT 2022. CHAPTER 2. THE JOURNEY TO UNIVERSAL AND MEANINGFUL CONNECTIVITY." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, no. 3 (2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-3-29-37.

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The Global Connectivity Report 2022 takes stock of the progress in digital connectivity over the past three decades. It provides a detailed assessment of the current state of connectivity and how close the world is to achieving universal and meaningful connectivity, using a unique analytical framework. It goes on to showcase solutions and good practices to accelerate progress. The second part of the report consists of seven thematic deep dives on infrastructure, affordability, financing, the pandemic, regulation, youth, and data. Chapter 2 relies on the framework for universal and meaningful connectivity and the associated targets for 2030, developed by ITU and the Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Technology, to analyse the current state of digital connectivity globally and progress towards reaching the targets by 2030. The framework considers usage by various stakeholders (universal dimension of connectivity) and the five enablers of connectivity (meaningful dimension of connectivity): infrastructure, device, affordability, skills, and safety and security. The assessment reveals that the world is still far from universal and meaningful connectivity. Infrastructure needs to be rolled out or improved to bridge the coverage gap. There are still significant differences between and within countries in network availability and quality. Fixed broadband is a costly investment and is not available or is unaffordable for many. Mobile broadband offers greater flexibility and is less expensive, and most rely on this technology to go online. But in many rural areas of developing countries, only 3G is available, when meaningful connectivity requires 4G. The coverage gap, currently at 5%, is dwarfed by the usage gap: 32% of people who are within range of a mobile broadband network and could therefore connect, remain offline. Data compiled by ITU make it possible to classify the offline population based on who they are and where they live. The main reasons cited by people for not using the Internet are the lack of affordability, of awareness about the Internet, of need, as well as the inability to use the Internet. Globally, connectivity became more expensive in 2021 due to the global economic downturn triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. After years of steady decline, the share of income spent on telecommunication and Internet services increased in 2021. The global median price of an entry-level broadband plan in the majority of countries amounts to more than 2% of the gross national income per capita, which is the affordability threshold set by the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development. People should not be forced to use the Internet. However, evidence suggests that introducing people to the Internet usually entices them to stay online. Based on activities people reported, use of the Internet leads to an improved social life, with the use of social networks, making Internet calls and streaming video the most common activities.

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22

Rusche, Karsten, Mario Reimer, and Rico Stichmann. "Mapping and Assessing Green Infrastructure Connectivity in European City Regions." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061819.

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Urban green infrastructure is becoming an increasingly important concept for sustainable urban planning. In the past, planning practice and research have worked on defining principles and suggesting relevant indicators to promote the concept. While there has been a focus on multifunctionality of green infrastructure elements, the connectivity principle is underrepresented, especially in urban research. Therefore, this paper suggests land use indicators to map and assess the degree of connectivity of open spaces within the urban realm. Empirical results are presented for three European case studies. The relevance of connectivity indicators for urban green infrastructure planning is highlighted and linked to future needs for improving strategic urban planning.

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23

Rauf, Sarwat. "Regional Connectivity in Pakistan and Central Asian Republics." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 07, no. 03 (January 2021): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740021500147.

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This article analyzes the emerging economic corridors and growing geographical connectivity in Pakistan and Central Asian Republics (CARs). It hypothesizes that economic corridors and infrastructure building in CARs and Pakistan are connecting inaccessible areas to prosperous regions. The idea of geographical connectivity through economic corridors is not new for landlocked Central Asia and least connected South Asia. In the past some efforts have been made to connect South Asia with Central Asia by great powers. However, such efforts had been overshadowed by tensions between key regional states and political hostilities within states. Since China is facilitating Pakistan and CARs in the building of new infrastructure to make remote areas accessible, several political and regional changes are taking place. Construction of new corridors presents diverse challenges for Pakistan and Central Asia. The article specifies a conceptual understanding of regional connectivity through economic corridors, and then underlines the set-up of new infrastructure. It also assesses the problems attached to the connectivity projects. Currently, connectivity projects under the Belt and Road Initiative have been modernizing the old trade routes in Central and South Asia, and new infrastructure is being built, granting opportunities of increased trade. Even though the announcement of regional connectivity projects by China in Pakistan and CARs has raised hopes as well as suspicions, CARs and Pakistan are visibly involved in the accomplishment of regional connectivity.

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24

Murdyantoro, Eko, Ridlo Setiawan, Imron Rosyadi, Azis WW Nugraha, Hesti Susilawati, and Yogi Ramadhani. "Prototype weather station uses LoRa wireless connectivity infrastructure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1367 (November 2019): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1367/1/012089.

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25

Avdeev, V. A., and L. I. Yablonskiy. "Provision of geoinformation connectivity of the territory based on the spatial data infrastructure development." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 27, no. 3 (2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2022-27-3-30-39.

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One of the directions of the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Fed-eration, which ensures the connectivity of the territory through the creation of intelligent transport and telecommunication systems, is considered. It is proposed to introduce an integral part into the struc-ture of this direction – geoinformation connectivity of the territory. The dependence of geoinfor-mation connectivity on the level of spatial data provision of the country's territory is substantiated. It is stated that timely geoinformation provision can be achieved through the development of the state spa-tial data infrastructure. The problematic issues of geoinformation connectivity of the state territory and the formation of the state spatial data infrastructure to ensure the connectivity of the territory are iden-tified. It is established that the most successful and systematic construction and development of spatial data infrastructure is carried out within the framework of defense activities with the constant im-provement of the unified automated system for providing geospatial information (EASO GPI). In the conditions of sanction measures and technological isolation, in order to achieve a stable and complete geoinformation connectivity of the territory, the necessity of creating an independent state spatial data infrastructure based on the adaptation and development of a functioning EASO GPI is determined.

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26

Elixhauser, Sophie. "Making and Unmaking Airports in Tunu (East Greenland): The Socio-Material Dynamics of Hope and Connectivity." Études Inuit Studies 47, no. 1-2 (2023): 275–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1113393ar.

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Like many airports throughout the Arctic, Kulusuk Airport, the entrance to the sparsely populated East Coast of Greenland, is built on the remnants of past military activities and is located some distance from the regional capital, Tasiilaq. For years, there have been discussions regarding the construction of a new airport in Tasiilaq to improve connectivity and reduce dependence on helicopter flights. Throughout the East Coast, many residents feel that they are looked down upon by the (West) Greenlandic population and are given little priority in the political and economic decisions taking place in the faraway national capital of Nuuk, which feeds into residents’ attitudes towards the ever-suspended airport plans. Many residents place great hope on this plan, as this “infrastructural hope” (Reeves 2017) includes economic and social possibilities and an improvement of the region’s status both within the country and abroad. On the other hand, in the village of Kulusuk, near the current airport, people fear the repercussions of this new airport. I explore the hopes, fears, and affect generated by and embedded within infrastructure, considering issues of remoteness, social and physical connectivity, “infrastructural violence” (Rodgers and O’Neill 2012), and residents’ future imaginaries and historical experiences in (post)colonial Greenland. Describing the socio-material dynamics of hope and connectivity, this article shows how aviation infrastructure is never just about the physical infrastructure but is always enabled by and embedded in societal processes.

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27

Jamil, Raihan, Jason P. Julian, Jennifer L. R. Jensen, and Kimberly M. Meitzen. "Urban Green Infrastructure Connectivity: The Role of Private Semi-Natural Areas." Land 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2024): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13081213.

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Green spaces and blue spaces in cities provide a wealth of benefits to the urban social–ecological system. Unfortunately, urban development fragments natural habitats, reducing connectivity and biodiversity. Urban green–blue infrastructure (UGI) networks can mitigate these effects by providing ecological corridors that enhance habitat connectivity. This study examined UGI connectivity for two indicator species in a rapidly developing city in the southern United States. We mapped and analyzed UGI at a high resolution (0.6 m) across the entire city, with a focus on semi-natural areas in private land and residential neighborhoods. Integrating graph theory and a gravity model, we assessed structural UGI networks and ranked them based on their ability to support functional connectivity. Most of the potential habitat corridors we mapped in this project traversed private lands, including 58% of the priority habitat for the Golden-cheeked Warbler and 69% of the priority habitat for the Rio Grande Wild Turkey. Riparian zones and other areas with dense tree cover were critical linkages in these habitat corridors. Our findings illustrate the important role that private semi-natural areas play in UGI, habitat connectivity, and essential ecosystem services.

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28

Yoshino, Naoyuki, Monzur Hossain, and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary. "Enhancing Financial Connectivity Between Asia and Europe: Implications for Infrastructure Convergence Between the Two Regions." Asian Economic Papers 19, no. 2 (June 2020): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00773.

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This paper explores the methods and policies that could enhance the financial connectivity between Europe and Asia in infrastructure investments. We argue that if Asian governments agree to enter into a long-term repayment commitment with a share of spillover tax revenues of public infrastructure projects under a regulatory framework, it could attract European long-term institutional funds in Asia's infrastructure projects. This approach will reduce divergence in infrastructure between the two regions and encourage regional connectivity. With some empirical evidence, this paper highlights the operational risks and methods of sharing spillover revenue for infrastructure projects.

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Generalov, O. "DIVERSIFICATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS OF THE PRC IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ONE BELT ONE ROAD INITIATIVE IN A PERFECT STORM." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Ekonomìka 13, no. 26 (2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2023-13-26-22-30.

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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an important initiative to strengthen connectivity and promote economic growth in many countries. China's strategy to stimulate economic growth by diversifying infrastructure investment under the Belt and Road Initiative demonstrates its commitment to promoting connectivity and sustainable development on a global scale. Through a proactive diversification policy, China reduces risks and seizes opportunities, ensuring sustainability and stability in a minimal economic environment. By embracing digitalization and upgrading financial infrastructure, China is accelerating the pace of economic transactions, supporting innovation and promoting inclusive growth along all BRI routes. As China continues to define future global investments under the BRI, its strategic approach offers a model for accelerating economic growth and connectivity across broad territories and populations. This paper examines the methodology of China's strategy to stimulate economic growth through a variety of infrastructure investments under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). He emphasizes the importance of diversification, digitalization and development of financial infrastructure. China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has attracted worldwide attention as one of the most ambitious infrastructure and economic development initiatives in modern history. Since its inception in 2013, the BRI has sought to revive old trade routes, enhance connectivity and develop economic cooperation in Asia, Europe and Africa.By embracing digital innovation and upgrading financial systems, China is expediting economic transactions, fostering innovation, and promoting inclusive growth along all BRI corridors. As China continues to shape the future trajectory of global investments through the BRI, its strategic blueprint serves as a model for accelerating economic growth and connectivity across vast regions and diverse populations. Through a comprehensive examination of China's approach, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics driving economic development and connectivity within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. Keywords: diversification, Belt and Road initiative (BRI), digitalization, perfect storm, infrastructure, COVID-19, logistics, sustainable development.

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R, Sunmathi, Tharun Teja G, Lakshmanaprakash S, and Abirami A. "An Analysis of Verification Systems and Cybersecurity Dangers." Journal of Cyber Security in Computer System 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jcscs.2024.v03i01.004.

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Global infrastructure provides all nations essential services such as Internet, electricity, banking, finance, public services, transportation, and water management. Each country has a distinct plan for critical infrastructure based on its sector. As IoT-based solutions become more prevalent, critical infrastructures require network and Internet access. As a result, critical systems within information networks are also vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Identifying possible cyber-attacks, developing defence tactics, and implementing preventative measures are critical. Protecting critical infrastructures from cyber-attacks is crucial nowadays. This paper examines current attacks on critical infrastructures. Security steps are addressed to prevent Internet protocol-based innovations. The IoT has enabled online connectivity for almost anything. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to networked computing devices that may send data without human input. In contrast, the Internet is valuable; it can pose a significant cybersecurity risk to critical infrastructure.

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Nugraha, Dadang. "Toll Road Infrastructure Development Towards Interregional Connectivity and The National Economy." Scientia 2, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51773/sssh.v2i1.149.

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Infrastructure has a very important role in encouraging national economic growth. The availability of good infrastructure can increase people's access to resources so as to increase productivity which in turn can increase national economic growth. This paper aims to determine the influence of infrastructure development and toll road management on connectivity between regions and improving the Indonesian economy, as well as knowing the role of the Government in accelerating infrastructure development and toll road management on connectivity between regions and improving the Indonesian economy. The research method used is an analysis method (descriptive) with a qualitative variable approach which is described in the form of statements which are the result of data analysis through observation. The method that the author uses in writing is literature studies and field studies. Data collection techniques can be carried out with literature studies (Library Research), field studies (Field Research) and Observation on the development of infrastructure development and toll road management in Indonesia. The connection of integrated toll road network infrastructure in Indonesia has a significant effect on connectivity between regions and improving the national economy.

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Charokopos, Michael. "Building Connectivity Infrastructures in the Cold War Balkans." Southeastern Europe 46, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763332-46020002.

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Abstract The article explores the development of energy and transport networks in the Cold War Balkans by bringing three case studies of cross-border connectivity into focus: the Yougelexport project, the Djerdap hydropower station and the Circular Highway. In this endeavour networks are not treated as neutral physical infrastructures, but as social phenomena with political, cultural and economic impact. Hence, the development of cross-border and cross-bloc connectivity projects between the countries of the region is connected with the course of their bilateral relations and the broader political context of the Cold War. Against this background, the article discusses the national political objectives related to infrastructure building and the role of transnational technocratic cooperation in cross-border connectivity projects in the Cold War Balkans.

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Chia, Siow Yue. "ASEAN Economic Integration and Physical Connectivity." Asian Economic Papers 15, no. 2 (June 2016): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00438.

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Although the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was established at the end of 2015, some of the objectives remain for it to be fully realized, and many of the actions and measures in the AEC Blueprint have not been fully implemented and have to be carried forward to future years. Among these “works in progress” is transport and other physical infrastructure, which is necessary for the physical flows of goods and people. Analysis of free trade and economic integration agreements do not usually place emphasis on the importance of the physical delivery of the goods and people flows made possible by trade and investment liberalizations, particularly in geographically dispersed and diverse regions such as ASEAN. This paper examines the importance of physical connectivity to implement the AEC. It explores the various dimensions of land, maritime, and aviation connectivity with the complex agreements, national policies and regulatory frameworks and challenges of implementation and infrastructure financing, including the Chinese initiative of the One Belt-One Road and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

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Moran, Sarah K., William Tsay, Sean Lawrence, and Gregory R. Krykewycz. "Lowering Bicycle Stress One Link at a Time: Where Should We Invest in Infrastructure?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 36 (June 30, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118783109.

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This paper presents a new, regional-scale application of low-stress bicycle connectivity analysis. While prior network-based analyses have focused on the overall improvement in connectivity that could be achieved by implementing a package of projects from a comprehensive bike plan, the purpose of this project was to wholly evaluate potential improvements in connectivity through individual improvements at the street segment level. Using scripts and database tools, levels of traffic stress were assigned to the road network. Incorporating numerous computational optimization measures, shortest paths were calculated between millions of origin and destination pairs to identify the road segments that could most benefit low-stress connectivity. The resulting ranked list of links providing the greatest connectivity benefit allows planners to more efficiently prioritize locations for further investigation and analysis.

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Majid Gilani, Sayed Abdul, and Alessio Faccia. "Broadband Connectivity, Government Policies, and Open Innovation: The Crucial IT Infrastructure Contribution in Scotland." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010001.

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Broadband connectivity is now essential to ensure a competitive advantage for any business. The analysis of Scotland’s crucial IT infrastructure contribution supported the authors’ thesis that the Government plays a decisive role in Open Innovation ecosystems. Indeed, IT infrastructures are a clear case of market failure where remote areas will never be served by adequate connectivity without public support. The main contribution is the demonstration that the benefits of public intervention are sometimes required and beneficial to correct market distortions and generate positive spillovers in terms of collaboration in Open Innovation ecosystems. Another relevant contribution is a comprehensive analysis of the consistency of the evolution of the public policies that supported the IT Infrastructure in Scotland. Therefore, pivotal is the study of this case study that can be easily generalised to many other contexts where the Government addressed market failures and, at the same time, contributed to generating collaborative environments.

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Isaac, Ombara. "Transport Infrastructure Development in Kenya: How Connectivity Impacts Eastern Africa Regional Integration." Insight on Africa 11, no. 2 (July 2019): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087819845205.

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The study examined Kenya’s transport infrastructure by assessing strengths, opportunities, challenges and initiatives aimed at enhancing existing systems and mitigating gaps towards more connectivity, mobility and reduced costs. Specific objectives of the study included evaluating the current state of transport infrastructure in Kenya, examining milestones in Kenya’s transport infrastructure development in the last decade and determining whether planned transport infrastructure development projects in Kenya would enhance regional integration. This study was significant to policy handlers, development partners and scholars in the region as findings will inform targeted planning and programming for improved transport connectivity. Target population was 150 individuals drawn from the categories of related actors with a sample size of 75 individuals, which was arrived at exclusively and objectively by researcher. The study established that the transport structural gap was a serious handicap to growth and poverty reduction in eastern Africa and that transport connectivity had a direct link to any country’s competitiveness because it weighs on cost of doing business and living. The study recommended sector reforms and innovation towards optimum level of connectivity as a result of the upgraded transport system, with eastern Africa reaching greater regional integration. The study adopted descriptive approach in analysing quantitative and qualitative data as variables under investigation were described.

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Dlamini, Thembelihle, and Sifiso Vilakati. "Remote and Rural Connectivity: Infrastructure and Resource Sharing Principles." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (September 12, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6065119.

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As mobile networks (MNs) are advancing towards meeting mobile user requirements, the rural-urban divide still remains a major challenge. While areas within the urban space (metropolitan mobile space) are being developed, i.e., small Base Stations (BSs) empowered with computing capabilities are deployed to improve the delivery of user requirements, rural areas are left behind. Due to challenges of low population density, low income, difficult terrain, nonexistent infrastructure, and lack of power grid, remote areas have low digital penetration. This situation makes remote areas less attractive towards investments and to operate connectivity networks, thus failing to achieve universal access to the Internet. In addressing this issue, this paper proposes a new BS deployment and resource management method for remote and rural areas. Here, two MN operators share their resources towards the procurement and deployment of green energy-powered BSs equipped with computing capabilities. Then, the network infrastructure is shared between the mobile operators, with the main goal of enabling energy-efficient infrastructure sharing, i.e., BS and its colocated computing platform. Using this resource management strategy in rural communication sites guarantees a quality of service (QoS) comparable to that of urban communication sites. The performance evaluation conducted through simulations validates our analysis as the prediction variations observed show greater accuracy between the harvested energy and the traffic load. Also, the energy savings decrease as the number of mobile users (50 users in our case) connected to the remote site increases. Lastly, the proposed algorithm achieves 51% energy savings when compared with the 43% obtained by our benchmark algorithm. The proposed method demonstrates superior performance over the benchmark algorithm as it uses foresighted optimization where the harvested energy and the expected load are predicted over a given short-term horizon.

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38

Annese, Stefano, Claudio Casetti, Carla-Fabiana Chiasserini, Nazario Di Maio, Andrea Ghittino, and Massimo Reineri. "Seamless Connectivity and Routing in Vehicular Networks with Infrastructure." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 29, no. 3 (March 2011): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2011.110302.

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39

Zhang, Wuxiong, Yu Chen, Yang Yang, Xiangyang Wang, Yu Zhang, Xuemin Hong, and Guoqiang Mao. "Multi-Hop Connectivity Probability in Infrastructure-Based Vehicular Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 30, no. 4 (May 2012): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2012.120508.

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40

Hill, Hal. "Comment on “Philippine Infrastructure and Connectivity: Challenges and Reforms”." Asian Economic Policy Review 11, no. 2 (July 2016): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12142.

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41

Wakabayashi, Jin. "Comment on “Philippine Infrastructure and Connectivity: Challenges and Reforms”." Asian Economic Policy Review 11, no. 2 (July 2016): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12143.

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42

Singh, Purva, and Rajat Kathuria. "Infrastructure and Connectivity in India: Getting the Basics Right." Asian Economic Policy Review 11, no. 2 (July 2016): 266–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12144.

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43

Derudder, Ben, Xingjian Liu, Charles Kunaka, and Mark Roberts. "The connectivity of South Asian cities in infrastructure networks." Journal of Maps 10, no. 1 (November 5, 2013): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.858084.

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Namzhilova, Viktoriya O. "Russian-Mongolian Border: Updating Checkpoints and Strengthening Infrastructure Connectivity." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 6 (2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120028840-5.

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The article analyzes the changes on the border of Mongolia with Russia and examines the plans of the two states to develop border infrastructure. There is mutual high interest in modernizing checkpoints. On the one hand, Mongolia has identified the recovery of checkpoints as a key direction of the “New Revival Policy” being implemented. On the other hand, in the current geopolitical conditions, Russia pays great attention to the capabilities of land checkpoints in the east. The author emphasizes the high importance of the border crossings Kyakhta — Altanbulag and Naushki — Sukhbaatar, through which not only bilateral trade is carried out, but also transit goods, including containers on the China — Europe route and back. At the same time, the author notes that as road corridors develop on the territory of Mongolia, and in the future also railway ones, the importance of border crossings is expected to increase both along the western section of the Russian-Mongolian border (primarily Tashanta — Tsagaannuur crossing) and eastern (Solovyovsk — Ereentsav crossing). New transport corridors are important to ensure the transit of goods and the growing Russian-Mongolian trade. The importance of the Mongolian vector is growing not only in terms of ensuring the rapid transportation of goods, but also servicing passenger flows across the border — business and cultural ties are intensifying, and cross-border tourism is developing. Analyzing the ambitious infrastructure plans of Mongolia, the author concludes that favorable conditions has been created to strengthen the infrastructural connectivity of the countries, which is a key condition for the establishment of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor. Acknowledgements: In memory of Lyudmila Ivanovna Kondrashova, a dear scientific supervisor who inspired the study of not only China, but also Mongolia.

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Viktoria NAMZHILOVA. "Russian-Mongolian Border: Updating Checkpoints and Strengthening Infrastructure Connectivity." Far Eastern Affairs 52, no. 001 (March 31, 2024): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/fea.96302471.

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Eschachasthi, Realita, Taly Purwa, and Diyang Gita Cendekia. "Does Palapa Ring Project Infrastructure Bridging Connectivity and Economic Activity?" Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics 2021, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/icdsos.v2021i1.99.

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This study examines the impact of existence of the Indonesian Palapa Ring Project (PRP) infrastructure on connectivity and economic activities in 46 districts in the West, Central, and East package of PRP in 2015-2020. Connectivity is an internet activity that measured by using percentage of internet use and economic activity is measured by using Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The fixed effect staggered difference-in-difference is utilized to analyze the panel data obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS)-Statistics Indonesia. An examination of parallel trend assumptions, robustness check, and heterogeneity analysis are also presented. The results show that PRP infrastructure has a positive and significant impact on connectivity; yet has no significant effect on economic activity. In response to the findings, the policy should be designed by intensifying coverage and quality of the internet; proliferating Information Communication Technology (ICT) facilities in rural areas; and expanding education and digital literacy programs.

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CHONG, MEI-TEING, CHIN-HONG PUAH, SHAZALI ABU MANSOR, and CHEE-SIONG TEH. "Digital Connectivity Bridging Digital ASEAN." International Journal of Economics and Management 17, no. 1 (April 14, 2023): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ijeam.17.1.10.

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The world is changing rapidly with the adoption of sophisticated digital technology. The foremost tool for digital technology operation is digital connectivity infrastructure. To unleash the potential of the digital economy in ASEAN countries, the foundation is upgrading its digital connection, which is a key part of making digitalization feasible. This study identified five factors that contributed to the digital connectivity of ten ASEAN countries and used them to calculate the overall score of each country to show its performance in terms of digital connectivity. The competitive analysis results of the five digital connectivity enablers in each country show their respective strengths and shortcomings. Myanmar made the greatest progress in overall digital connectivity, due to its engaging in national regulatory reforms and focusing connectivity developments after realizing the need to improve their ICT infrastructure. There is still much room for improvement in the network performance of ASEAN countries; among all ten countries, only Singapore has reached a very satisfactory level. Striving to narrow the digital connectivity development gap would be an important agenda item for all ASEAN countries.

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Silva, Cristiano M., Barbara M. Masini, Gianluigi Ferrari, and Ilaria Thibault. "A Survey on Infrastructure-Based Vehicular Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6123868.

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The infrastructure of vehicular networks plays a major role in realizing the full potential of vehicular communications. More and more vehicles are connected to the Internet and to each other, driving new technological transformations in a multidisciplinary way. Researchers in automotive/telecom industries and academia are joining their effort to provide their visions and solutions to increasingly complex transportation systems, also envisioning a myriad of applications to improve the driving experience and the mobility. These trends pose significant challenges to the communication systems: low latency, higher throughput, and increased reliability have to be granted by the wireless access technologies and by a suitable (possibly dedicated) infrastructure. This paper presents an in-depth survey of more than ten years of research on infrastructures, wireless access technologies and techniques, and deployment that make vehicular connectivity available. In addition, we identify the limitations of present technologies and infrastructures and the challenges associated with such infrastructure-based vehicular communications, also highlighting potential solutions.

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Sherazi, Hafiz Husnain Raza, Zuhaib Ashfaq Khan, Razi Iqbal, Shahzad Rizwan, Muhammad Ali Imran, and Khalid Awan. "A Heterogeneous IoV Architecture for Data Forwarding in Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication." Mobile Information Systems 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3101276.

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The Internet of vehicles (IoV) is a newly emerged wave that converges Internet of things (IoT) into vehicular networks to benefit from ubiquitous Internet connectivity. Despite various research efforts, vehicular networks are still striving to achieve higher data rate, seamless connectivity, scalability, security, and improved quality of service, which are the key enablers for IoV. It becomes even more critical to investigate novel design architectures to accomplish efficient and reliable data forwarding when it comes to handling the emergency communication infrastructure in the presence of natural epidemics. The article proposes a heterogeneous network architecture incorporating multiple wireless interfaces (e.g., wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE), long-range wireless fidelity (WiFi), and fourth generation/long-term evolution (4G/LTE)) installed on the on-board units, exploiting the radio over fiber approach to establish a context-aware network connectivity. This heterogeneous network architecture attempts to meet the requirements of pervasive connectivity for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to make them scalable and adaptable for IoV supporting a range of emergency services. The architecture employs the Best Interface Selection (BIS) algorithm to always ensure reliable communication through the best available wireless interface to support seamless connectivity required for efficient data forwarding in vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication successfully avoiding the single point of failure. Moreover, the simulation results clearly argue about the suitability of the proposed architecture in IoV environment coping with different types of applications against individual wireless technologies.

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Barua, Taz (Tonmoy). "The Look East Policy/Act East Policy-driven Development Model in Northeast India." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 24, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598420908844.

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Under the Look East Policy (LEP)/Act East Policy (AEP), connectivity constructions, development of transport routes, and related industrial and trade infrastructures have sought to rescue the Indian North Eastern Region from the trap of a security paradox that was said to have limited availability of developmental opportunities in Northeast India. Adoption of the LEP came in the foreground of economic reforms in India in the early 1990s. The LEP identified Northeast India as throughway for trade expansion and joint economic growth in India–Southeast Asia region. For facilitating the objectives of expansion and growth, the LEP/AEP has sought to build a network of infrastructure for the sake of connectivity in the region. Due to this focus on infrastructure constructions, the LEP/AEP has advanced an economic development model that prioritizes creating physical infrastructures over social development. This article looks at the chartering of this development model and the contestations it faces from people in the region. For different social groups, the LEP/AEP has come to be seen as a developmental imposition that risks making the Northeast region a mere regional trade and logistics transit hub

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