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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Connectivité trophique"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Connectivité trophique"
Kanno, Yoichiro, and Karen Beazley. "FRESHWATER FISH CONSIDERATIONS FOR AQUATIC CONSERVATION SYSTEMS PLANNING IN NOVA SCOTIA." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 42, no. 2 (November 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v42i2.3612.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Connectivité trophique"
Bettignies, Florian de. "Connectivité trophique entre écosystèmes : rôle des accumulations détritiques subtidales et intertidales issues de l’exportation des laminaires." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS491.
Повний текст джерелаA high proportion of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea production is not directly consumed by grazers but is exported forests as macro-detritus. These detritus drift across adjacent coastal ecosystems and can accumulate over intertidal and subtidal benthic habitats. The aim of this PhD thesis is to characterize the dynamics of these accumulations and to describe the degradation kinetics and the associated macrofauna community. A combination of scuba diving surveys was carried in the Île de Batz-Baie de Morlaix marine sector and revealed the seasonal presence of large accumulations of kelp fragments that can persist during several months. A set of in situ experimentations showed that kelp fragments degrade slowly compared to other Phaeophyceae species but display a similar kinetics as Posidonia oceanica leaves in the subtidal litters in the Mediterranean Sea. During the degradation process, kelp fragments maintain photosynthesis and respiration functions and are possibly able to maintain their reproduction capacity. Kelp tissues are rapidly colonized by an abundant macrofauna community (170 species reported) and a classical ecological succession occurs. The food-web study, by the stable isotopes analysis (13C and 15N; in natural conditions and with a labelling experiment) reveals that kelps fragments from L. hyperborea significantly contribute to the diet of the whole community, including grazers, detritus feeders, omnivores, filter feeders and predators. Laminaria hyperborea kelp forests play a central ecological role for a wide range of coastal ecosystems where fragments are exported and their area of influence is certainly under-estimated
Varenne, Alix. "Étude de la diversité des nurseries artificielles dans les zones portuaires et de leur connectivité trophique avec les écosystèmes adjacents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5044.
Повний текст джерелаCoastal development modifies shorelines by introducing man-made habitats, which significantly impact coastal biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Ecological engineering solutions, such as artificial fish habitats (AFH), can help rehabilitate extremely modified areas, including ports, by offering shelter for fish. As a side effect, AFH provide a substrate to benthic invertebrates and macroalgae, that could improve ecosystem functioning. The effects of AFH may also extend beyond ports and modify trophic exchange with adjacent habitats via fish feeding hydrodynamics. This thesis investigates the patterns of distribution of invertebrate biodiversity associated with AFH and explores the exchange of biomass between marinas and adjacent Posidonia oceanica meadows along the French Mediterranean coast where these habitats are often adjacent.The objectives are: (1) evaluating how taxonomic diversity and composition of benthic invertebrates vary with AFH immersion time, (2) understanding how AFH types and environmental context modify benthic assemblages, and (3) exploring the exchanges of organic matter between marinas and adjacent meadows. I focused on Biohut® AFH (ECOCEAN), made of a metal cage filled with oyster shells, attached to docks or under pontoons in harbours and marinas.In chapter 1, I examined the role of immersion time in determining the diversity and composition of invertebrate assemblages colonising AFH in 3 commercial harbours. The findings indicated significant variations in invertebrate composition from 6 to 18 months, with increased abundance, taxonomic richness, and evenness over time. In chapter 2, I focused on the geographical and within-port variability in taxonomic composition and diversity of invertebrates dwelling in AFH. The study revealed differences in taxa composition between 2 large regions, characterised by different nutrient loads and correlations between assemblage composition and chlorophyll-a, a proxy for nutrient concentration. The number of taxa was the highest in the nutrient-enriched region. Additionally, invertebrate assemblages varied according to port habitats where the AFH were placed, possibly due to differences in light availability. In chapter 3, I investigated trophic connectivity between P. oceanica meadows and adjacent marinas at 4 sites where both habitats are present. Two marinas were equipped with AFH and the remaining 2 were not. At the unequipped sites, the δ15N values of the particulate organic matter within the marina were the highest indicating human-derived nutrient enrichment. The values decreased within the meadow, gradually according to the distance. This suggests a spill of nutrients over the portion of the meadow adjacent to the inlet. Fish relied on resources from both the seagrass meadow and the marina, similarly among the 4 sites, however, the trophic niches of fishes (Diplodus spp.) captured within the equipped marina were slightly larger than those within unequipped ones and overlapped less with the trophic niches of the fish captured outside. Fish faeces were also part of the organic matter sedimenting within meadows. In chapter 4, I reported initiatives developed with other scientists. They include species functional diversity and trophic relations within AFH, acoustic signatures of organisms dwelling in AFH and biodiversity comparison between ports and marine reserves using environmental DNA.My work has highlighted several aspects that could improve the effectiveness of AFH as ecological engineering solutions. Immersion time, local environmental conditions, and specific locations within ports need particular attention. Although I did not find clear differences in cross-habitat exchange related to AFH, they seemed to play a role in reducing nutrient enrichment. Moreover, since fish play an important role in cross-habitat exchanges and find refuge within AFH, this ecological engineering solution could indirectly contribute to change trophic connectivity
Lagarde, Franck. "Écologie de la reproduction de l'huître Crassostrea gigas en lagune méditerranéenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS470.
Повний текст джерелаThe Mediterranean lagoons host many anthropogenic uses including shellfish aquaculture since the beginning of the 20th century. Imported in 1970, the cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has adapted perfectly and has allowed an important development of oyster’s industry until 2008, the year of occurrence of spat outbreak related to the emergence of an Ostreid Herpes-virus µvar. The scarcity of spat and the speculation on this product changed regionally cultural practices and the supply of juveniles, with in particular the wish of developing a local activity of spat collection. However the cycle of reproduction of the species and the recruitment of juveniles were poorly known in lagoon environments. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to characterize the variability of the reproduction and the recruitment of the cupped oyster in Mediterranean lagoon. The lagoon configuration offers the advantages of productivity for the broodstock and hydrodynamic connectivity for the larvae. However, it appears that the ecological functioning of the system at the base of the primary production plays an essential role on the trophic resources for the success of oyster reproduction. This work takes place in the context of the ecological restoration under oligotrophication, which first effects we describe on the oyster's reproductive cycle
Oudot-Canaff, Jehanne. "Effet des restaurations des écosystèmes, de la trophie et de la connectivité hydrologique sur la diversité génétique des plantes aquatiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10009.
Повний текст джерелаThe conservation of wetlands which are strongly modified by human practices, requires the acquisition of knowledge about their diversity and functioning. This thesis aimed to link the human pressures and plant genetic diversity in wetlands, which is the basic level of biodiversity linked to the adaptive capacity of populations and species maintenance. The effect of anthropization on the genetic diversity of aquatic plants is studied at several spatial and temporal scales (wetland and watershed; synchronic vs. diachronic studies). The genetic diversity of populations of two ruderal (Berula erecta and Apium nodiflorum) and one competitive species (Nuphar lutea) in two contrasting floodplains (in terms of trophic status, hydrological connectivity and restoration) is compared using microsatellite markers suitable for the study of clonal species. A reduction in hydrological connectivity increases genetic differentiation and decreases genetic diversity for ruderal species studied, while it did not affect the competitive species. The impact of connectivity is related to plant reproductive strategy. The genetic diversity of ruderal species also decreases in most eutrophic wetlands. The increase of genetic diversity of B. erecta after restoration is correlated with the frequency of disturbances (dewatering) that create niches for seed recruitment. This study provides management recommendations for the impacted wetlands and provides knowledge about the dynamics of the genetic diversity of aquatic plants in relation to their environment