Дисертації з теми "Connaissance distribuée"
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Boucher, Alain. "Une approche décentralisée et adaptative de la gestion d'informations en vision ; application à l'interprétation d'images de cellules en mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004805.
Повний текст джерелаFiolet, Valérie. "Algorithmes distribués d'extraction de connaissances." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Fiolet.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTaboada, Orozco Adrian. "Distributed Knowledge in the Building Management Systems Architecture for Smart Buildings." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCK114.
Повний текст джерелаThe future of cities is at stake. Over the previous few decades, the population distribution has shifted substantially. Since 1980, people's ways of cohabiting have been challenged by the change from rural to urban migration. Cities now hold 60 % of the world's population. This massive concentration of people has resulted in poor connectivity, ineffective transportation, pollution, inadequate security, and energy waste. As a result, ensuring the sustainable growth of cities necessitates scalable technological breakthroughs that must give quality of life while maximizing resources. The main concern in cities is dealing with energy waste, especially in buildings, which represent 40 % of energy in the total consumption of cities.Therefore, this thesis addresses the emergent Smart Building field. The main goal is to work toward the concept of Building Operating Systems (BOS). BOS is a data-driven system that facilitates and enables the development of applications. Our studies have identified that the main barrier to BOS development is the integration of data and lack of context in a naturally and physically dispersed Building Management System (BMS). BMS is the underlying system that supports services in Building, and its understanding of its features is fundamental to achieving the main goal of this thesis. Therefore, this thesis first reviews the Smart Building field and then focuses on the BMS architecture. The results of the review serve as the basis for conceiving the main approach of this thesis, which is the WITTYM Approach. It aims to create and distribute buildings' knowledge by leveraging Building Information Modeling (BIM) and other heterogeneous data sources. WITTYM Approach is a conjunction of Ontologies, Knowledge, and Distribution Methods. The WITTYM Approach is evaluated through research hypotheses over use cases. Results have shown an optimization of BMS for data integration, applications, security, and decision-making response. Our work sets the basis for further research and applications on BMS
Naudin, Antoine. "Impact des connaissances initiales sur la calculabilité distribuée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0259/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, we show how knowledge impacts the computability in distributed systems. First, we characterize what we need to know to elect in the unknown participant model. This model is a natural extension for the message passing model that formalises dynamicity that occurs in some networks. We give a necessary and sufficient condition on the knowledge needed to solve the following fundamental problems : map construction, leader election and k-leader election. For each of them, we provide an algorithm solving the problem using any knowledge satisfying our condition. Then, we extend the model to anonymous networks. We characterize, with the same methodology, the knowledge needed to solve an election in this model and we provide an algorithm using such a knowledge and a bound on the size of the network. In the second part, we study the impact of local knowledge on the computability of the anonymous graph exploration problem. We introduce a new model of mobile agents where an agent is endowed with binoculars, a local sensor permitting to perceive the graph induced by the vertices adjacent to its location. In this model, we characterize the graphs that can be explored by a single mobile agent without any global information and we provide an algorithm exploring all of them. Unfortunately, universal algorithm has a cost : The number of moves required by such an algorithm cannot be bounded by a computable function. Finally, we prove that large classes of graphs like chordal graphs, Johnson graphs, . . . can be explored in a linear number of moves using binoculars by providing an exploration algorithm for the family of Weetman graphs
Armant, Vincent. "Diagnostic distribué de systèmes respectant la confidentialité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763370.
Повний текст джерелаGaignard, Alban. "Partage et production de connaissances distribuées dans des plateformes scientifiques collaboratives." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827926.
Повний текст джерелаLahoud, Inaya. "Un système multi-agents pour la gestion des connaissances hétérogènes et distribuées." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977758.
Повний текст джерелаDussart, Claude. "Méta-apprentissage dans un environnement d'expériences distribuées." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10118.
Повний текст джерелаRAHALI, ILHAM. "L'administration de reseaux : approche conceptuelle et environnement a base de connaissances distribuees." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066283.
Повний текст джерелаSéguy, Anne. "Décision collaborative dans les systèmes distribués : application à la e-maintenance." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000813/.
Повний текст джерелаThe Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) involve many changes in the companies functioning, with the concepts of e-service, collaborative work, distributed organizations and knowledge sharing. We consider this integration of ICTs to the maintenance function, main activity of companies' performance and is widely penetrated by theses technologies with, for example, the e-maintenance concept. Our objectives are to analyze the collaborative decision making process and the influence of ICTs on them and to propose ways to assess the performance of a maintenance service supported by ICTs. The modelling of the problem is multidomain, multiview and multiactor and the performance is multicriteria. First, we propose a situations modelling of e-maintenance based on the process representation and on the formalism object to highlight key components of e-maintenance and influence of ICTs. Then, we investigate the activities of collaborative decision by analyzing and grouping decision making centers which support the decisions and we characterize the intangible resources committed. Finally, we propose a framework for evaluate the performance of e-maintenance and representation models to simulate configurations of distribution of these resources and allow to make organizational choices related
Gandon, Fabien. "INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE DISTRIBUÉE ET GESTION DES CONNAISSANCES : ONTOLOGIES ET SYSTÈMES MULTI-AGENTS POUR UN WEB SÉMANTIQUE ORGANISATIONNEL." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00378201.
Повний текст джерелаsur une ontologie. Dans le projet CoMMA, je me suis focalisé sur deux scénarios d'application:
l'assistance aux activités de veille technologique et l'aide à l'insertion d'un nouvel employé dans une organisation. Trois aspects ont été développés dans ce travail :
- la conception d'une architecture multi-agents assistant les deux scénarios, et l'approche organisationnelle descendante adoptée pour identifier les sociétés, les rôles et les interactions des agents ;
- la construction de l'ontologie O'CoMMA et la structuration de la mémoire organisationnelle en exploitant les technologies du Web sémantique ;
- la conception et l'implantation (a) des sous-sociétés d'agents chargées de la maintenance des annotations et de l'ontologie et (b) des protocoles supportant ces deux groupes d'agents, en particulier des techniques pour la distribution des annotations et des requêtes entre les agents.
Abchiche, Nadia. "Elaboration, implémentation et validation d'une approche distribuée pour l'intégration de modèles de raisonnement hétérogènes : application au diagnostic de pannes électriques." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081527.
Повний текст джерелаThis work describes the elaboration of a distributed approach to integrate several heterogeneous reasoning models using multi-agents paradigms. Each reasoning model represents particular knowledge with appropriate methods. Since none of the reasonig models is able to solve a whole problem with acceptable performances, we have proposed a cooperation model, mocah (modellig cooperation between heterogeneous agents). The starting point is to model the cooperation reasoning at the knowledge level with a methodology usefull for domain expertise commet. In fact, we extracted cooperation expertise from works done in distributed artificial intelligence (contract net protocoles to allocate tasks, solving conflicts using negociation mechanisms). The most important point to develop is an agent's architecture to support the two levels of reasoning: cooperation reasoning and domain reasoning. These two levels are modeled using the above mentioned methodology which consist in decomposing knowledge according to three dimensions: the tasks, the methods and the domain model. Our architecture is sufficiently flexible to allow increasing the variety and the number of agents, deal with existing cooperation expertise and easily integrate new ones, and finally, be domain independent. A consensus representation is developed to make the agents communicating despite heterogeneous local representations. The agents reason not only on their own domain problems, but also on their capabilities and other agents' capabilities so they can cooperate to improve the problem solving process and increase the variety of the problems solved by the whole system. Our approach has been applied to diagnosis of faults in electrical functions of cars
Di, Martino Jean Claude. "Intégration de connaissances dans des systèmes distribués pour l'extraction de raies spectrales dans des images sonar." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10008.
Повний текст джерелаHassas, Salima. "Gmal : un modèle d'acteurs réflexif pour la conception de systèmes d'intelligence artificielle distribuée." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10201.
Повний текст джерелаMoskolai, Ngossaha Justin. "Contribution à la conception d'un système de mobilité urbaine durable : de l'élicitation des connaissances à l'architecture distribuée du système." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24333/1/Moskolai_Ngossaha.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGandon, Fabien. "Distributed artificial intelligence and knowledge management : ontologies and multi-agent systems for a corporate semantic web." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5773.
Повний текст джерелаCe travail concerne les systèmes multi-agents pour la gestion d'un web sémantique d'entreprise basé sur une ontologie. Il a été effectué dans le cadre du projet Européen CoMMA se focalisant sur deux scénarios d'application: l'assistance aux activités de veille technologique et l'aide à l'insertion d'un nouvel employé dans une organisation. Trois aspects ont essentiellement été développés dans ce travail: la conception d'une architecture multi-agents assistant les deux scénarios, et l'approche organisationnelle descendante adoptée pour identifier les sociétés, les rôles et les interactions des agents. La construction de l'ontologie O'CoMMA et la structuration de la mémoire organisationnelle en exploitant les technologies du Web sémantique. La conception et l'implantation (a) des sous-sociétés d'agents chargées de la maintenance des annotations et de l'ontologie et (b) des protocoles supportant ces deux groupes d'agents, en particulier des techniques pour la distribution des annotations et des requêtes entre les agents
Weisenhorn, Jean. "Contribution a la connaissance de l'influence de la stagnation sur la qualite bacteriologique des eaux distribuees par les reseaux." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10745.
Повний текст джерелаJars, Isabelle Lamure Michel. "Contribution des Sciences Sociales dans le domaine de l'intelligence artificielle distribuée ALONE, un modèle hybride d'agent apprenant /." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/98/85/PDF/These_IJ_2005.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSeguy, Anne. "DÉCISION COLLABORATIVE DANS LES SYSTÈMES DISTRIBUÉS - APPLICATION A LA E-MAINTENANCE." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372996.
Повний текст джерелаMbaye, Maïssa. "Les systèmes cognitifs dans les réseaux autonomes : une méthode d'apprentissage distribué et collaboratif situé dans le plan de connaissance pour l'auto-adaptation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13976/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the major challenges for decades to come, in the field of information technologies and the communication, is realization of autonomic paradigm. It aims to enable network equipments to self-manage, enable them to self-configure, self-optimize, self-protect and self-heal according to high-level objectives of their designers. Major architectures of autonomic networking are based on closed control loop allowing self-adapting (self-configuring and self-optimizing) of the network equipment according to the events which arise on their environment. Knowledge plane is one approach, very emphasis these last years by researchers, which suggests the use of the cognitive systems (machine learning and the reasoning) to realize closed control loop. However, although the major autonomic architectures integrate machine learning modules as functional block, few researches are really interested in the contents of these blocks. It is in this context that we made a study on the potential contribution machine learning and proposed a method of distributed and collaborative machine learning. We propose a formalization self-adapting problem in term of learning configuration strategies (state-actions) problem. This formalization allows us to define a strategies machine learning method for self-adapting which is based on the history observed transitions and uses inductive logic programming to discover new strategies from those already discovered. We defined, also a knowledge sharing algorithm which makes network components collaborate to improve learning process. Finally, we tested our approach in DiffServ context and showed its transposition on multimedia streaming in 802.11 wireless networks
Antoine, Émilien. "Gestion des données distribuées avec le langage de règles: Webdamlog." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908155.
Повний текст джерелаSaad, Belaïd. "Intégration des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes distribués et sécurisés dans les systèmes d'aide à la décision à base de connaissances." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ012S/document.
Повний текст джерелаA wide range of practical problems requires diversity of data representation and to develop models in which different data can be represented. In this thesis, we focus on the hybridization of two models: Expert System (ES) and Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP).The aim of our work is to propose a secure distributed system that allows integrating constraints in an inference engine.To reach this goal, on one hand we developed a communication tool that facilitates collaboration between ES and CSP. On the other hand, we designed an algorithm that allows communication between multiple entities in a distributed environment. Finally, one of our goals, not the least, is to protect private data of each entity. The thesis is composed of three main axes.The first priority is to develop a method of communication between the two models. First, we describe an automatic transformation procedure of the rule based expert system into the new dynamic CSP model called DDCSP (Dynamic Domain CSP) that we have designed. This procedure will automatically transform and inject the result of one of the two models as input to the other one. This process plays an essential role for collaboration based on the exchange of information.Our second axe proposes an algorithm based on the concept of cooperation and parallelism which provides a resolution distributed among several entities. Our approach is to build a ring of autonomous agents, each responsible for some of the variables and constraints of the problem. Each of these agents will initiate a process that explores a different branch of the search tree. Heuristics are proposed to ensure a diversification of exploration, in other words to prevent overlapping of the explored branches.Finally, we present a technique for securing this distributed algorithm based on a judicious use of the properties of asymmetric encryption to protect the confidentiality of instantiations. To perform an experimental validation of our work, an implementation in the programming languages C/C++ or Java is described in each of these three axes
Cointe, Christophe. "Aide à la gestion de conflits en conception concourante dans un système distribué." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20082.
Повний текст джерелаWithin Artificial Intelligence research works, task distribution must concur to the effectiveness of task realization. Among all the factors which can impede the benefits expected by distribution, the cost of conflict management cost plays an utmost role. In order to facilitate the use of methods for conflict detection and management, we consider it favorable to set our work in the context of open distributed system. In our approach, the designer is allowed to use all the available methods for conflict management, and is guided in his/her choices, on the one hand, by a multi-perspective view on the data and, on the other hand, by the realization context of his/her task. Furthermore, we use the viewpoint notion to allow for an intelligent indexing of data. Thus, a designer describes, bye means of a viewpoint, the way in which the other designers must interpret the data that he/she proposes. Following our theoretical study, we propose a multi-agents system, CREoPS², based on technics and tools which are Internet-compatible
Boulmakoul, Azedine. "Vers un système à base de connaissances distribué & temps réel pour la surveillance et le contrôle du trafic en site urbain." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10222.
Повний текст джерелаSlodzian, Aurélien. "Une méthodologie componentielle pour la modélisation de la coopération multi-agents." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066624.
Повний текст джерелаDelalonde, Charles. "Mise en relation et coopération dans les équipes distribuées de R&D : l'application de l'Actor-Network Theory dans la recherche de "connaissances"." Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0015.
Повний текст джерелаUnlike content, which is perishable and quickly become obsolete, experts’ networks are rather permanent in R&D context. For this research, we formulated the assumption that information retrieval is critical to researchers’ activity and enables distributed teams to amplify their collective social capital. We utilized Michel Callon and Bruno Latour’s Actor Network. Theory to describe information retrieval’s activity. This activity model was utilized to specify DemonD (concatenation of DEMand and respOND), an Expers’ Retrieval Service, relying on three algorithms (Profiler, ContactRank and Coop), transparent profile construction based on user’s activity, community’s participation and shared documents. DemonD acts as a search engine and identify documents but more specifically users relevant to a query. These individuals are invited to participate in a dedicated newsgroup and the information exchanged is capitalized and shared in a dedicated knowledge base. We collected qualitative data, interviewing fifty researchers who reacted very positively to DemonD’s approach of social information retrieval. We also simulated DemonD’s usage with one hundred individuals and identified that information retrieval activity is a social process helping to foster a network of organizational expertise in distributed Research and Development teams
Fallah, Nima. "The question of leadership in communities of practice : the case of international institutions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB003.
Повний текст джерелаThis research claims that the current, literature of “Communities of Practice” is deficient concerning its key feature: leadership. We seek to expand the focus by underlining the key elements that influence the leadership practice in CoPs, and recommending a promising path for further investigation, which involves the “distributed leadership” theory. Drawing from an extended literature review on the subject of leadership in CoPs, the study proposes that predominant descriptive and conceptual perceptions of the topic should be supplemented by more field observation studies – evidence-based research - to support and validate the theoretical literature. During past three decades, several scholars have extensively studied this concept (CoPs) in a variety of disciplines. However, there have been very few studies of the influence of routines in these communities. The aim of this study is to analyze the notion of routines in CoPs, in light of the literature on distributed leadership theory. We focused on one particular feature of distributed form of leadership – the routines – and applied this element on the knowledge-based learning environment: the CoPs
Sato, Gilson Yukio. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la coordination de communautés de pratique distribuées." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1756.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work concerns the development of tools to facilitate the coordination of distributed Communities of Practice (CoP) using Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). CoPs are increasingly used for organisations looking for social approaches to handle knowledge-related problems. However, to develop and coordinate distributed CoPs is a difficult task. In this context, tools to facilitate and follow the development of CoPs are highly desirable. With this motivation, we designed and implemented the prototype of an agent called CoPBoard to facilitate the coordination of CoPs. Its design is based on : a review about the CoP's theoretical framework, the articulation between CoPs and MAS, a review about MAS as tools for communities and a case study. The CoPBoard can be seen as an instrument panel for CoPs. It shows information that instigates a reflection about the community domain and the participation of its members. The system extracts information from the exchange of emails among community members and presents it as a graphical representations to the community coordination. A CoP is a delicate social structure, too much control over it or the lack of support can harm its development. The CoPBoard tries to facilitate the development of a community without controlling it. The system does not play the role of the coordinator, but it aims at helping him. We tested the CoPBoard and preliminary results indicate that it can be useful for a community. These results also showed new possible developments for this research work
Ovalle, Carranza Demetrio Arturo. "Contribution à l'étude du raisonnement en univers multi-agent : KIDS, une application pour l'interprétation d'images biomédicales." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339255.
Повний текст джерелаQuintero, Garcia Jose-Alejandro. "Parallélisation de la classification d'objets dans un modèle de connaissances multi-points de vue." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10088.
Повний текст джерелаBaupin, Nicolas. "Gestion évolutive du temps dans un contexte d'E-Working : Une approche d'apprentissage de critères subjectifs à partir d'agendas distribués." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2056.
Повний текст джерелаJars, Isabelle. "Contribution des Sciences Sociales dans le domaine de l'Intelligence Artificielle Distribuée : ALONE, un modèle hybride d'agent apprenant." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011135.
Повний текст джерелаAntoine, Emilien. "Distributed data management with a declarative rule-based language webdamlog." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933808.
Повний текст джерелаNisse, Nicolas. "Complexité algorithmique: entre structure et connaissance. Comment les jeux de poursuite peuvent apporter des solutions." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998854.
Повний текст джерелаTucker, Ida. "Chiffrement fonctionnel et signatures distribuées fondés sur des fonctions de hachage à projection, l'apport des groupes de classe." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN054.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the current challenges in cryptographic research is the development of advanced cryptographic primitives ensuring a high level of confidence. In this thesis, we focus on their design, while proving their security under well-studied algorithmic assumptions.My work grounds itself on the linearity of homomorphic encryption, which allows to perform linear operations on encrypted data. Precisely, I built upon the linearly homomorphic encryption scheme introduced by Castagnos and Laguillaumie at CT-RSA'15. Their scheme possesses the unusual property of having a prime order plaintext space, whose size can essentially be tailored to ones' needs. Aiming at a modular approach, I designed from their work technical tools (projective hash functions, zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge) which provide a rich framework lending itself to many applications.This framework first allowed me to build functional encryption schemes; this highly expressive primitive allows a fine grained access to the information contained in e.g., an encrypted database. Then, in a different vein, but from these same tools, I designed threshold digital signatures, allowing a secret key to be shared among multiple users, so that the latter must collaborate in order to produce valid signatures. Such signatures can be used, among other applications, to secure crypto-currency wallets. Significant efficiency gains, namely in terms of bandwidth, result from the instantiation of these constructions from class groups. This work is at the forefront of the revival these mathematical objects have seen in cryptography over the last few years
Damamme, Jonathan. "Approche multi-agents pour les problèmes de partage." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066647.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis covers distributed resources allocation setting, without money balance, where agents have limited knowledge of the system. This thesis will use local swaps, i.e. bilateral deals, where one resource is exchanged for another. This work is divided in two parts. The first part focus the house market, with a very simple mechanism and agents don't use knowledge. The aim will to show that it has however good performances. For this, I will compare the algorithm with those of literature. I will also prove that in the single-peaked domains, this mechanism is Pareto-optimal. The second part examines a general framework. The mechanism contains three sub-protocols : contact protocol, negotiation protocols, and stop conditions. Each protocol will be described and experimented
Maillot, Pierre. "Nouvelles méthodes pour l'évaluation, l'évolution et l'interrogation des bases du Web des données." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe web of data is a mean to share and broadcast data user-readable data as well as machine-readable data. This is possible thanks to rdf which propose the formatting of data into short sentences (subject, relation, object) called triples. Bases from the web of data, called rdf bases, are sets of triples. In a rdf base, the ontology – structural data – organize the description of factual data. Since the web of datacreation in 2001, the number and sizes of rdf bases have been constantly rising. This increase has accelerated since the apparition of linked data, which promote the sharing and interlinking of publicly available bases by user communities. The exploitation – interrogation and edition – by theses communities is made without adequateSolution to evaluate the quality of new data, check the current state of the bases or query together a set of bases. This thesis proposes three methods to help the expansion at factual and ontological level and the querying of bases from the web ofData. We propose a method designed to help an expert to check factual data in conflict with the ontology. Finally we propose a method for distributed querying limiting the sending of queries to bases that may contain answers
Gaignard, Alban. "Distributed knowledge sharing and production through collaborative e-Science platforms." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838796.
Повний текст джерелаMonceyron, Eric. "Sur les problèmes de conception intelligente en ingénierie : EXPORT, un exemple de système coopératif multi-experts." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD374.
Повний текст джерелаMekhaldi, Fouzi. "Partitionnement dans les réseaux mobiles Ad-hoc : conception et évaluation de protocoles auto-stabilisants et robustes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112342.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation is focused on fault-tolerant distributed algorithms adapted to large scale mobile networks.Self-stabilization is a fault-tolerance approach suited for systems with transient disruptions, but not for large scale dynamic networks.The fault is due to the eventual total lack of service when faults occur frequently.To address this drawback, we have introduced the robust self-stabilization approach that improves the service guarantee during the stabilization phase.The service guarantee provided by the robust self-stabilization is achieved via:(1) fast recovery to a minimum service and(2) preservation of minimum service during the convergence to an optimum service despite the occurrence of highly tolerated disruptions.Having the robust self-stabilization property ensures a high availability of the system despite the occurrence disruptions and topological changes in the network.In this thesis, we propose, evaluate and prove a series of robust self-stabilizing protocols.At first, we propose two robust self-stabilizing protocols for both problems : clustering and the maintain of knowledge about neighbor clusters.The two protocols are written in the local shared memory model and operate under the assumption of a weakly fair distributed daemon.The clustering protocol, called R-BSC, gathers the network nodes into 1-hop clusters.It allows a best choice of leaders, and it builds clusters with limited size in order to balance the load between leaders.The protocol R-BSC quickly provides, after at most 4 rounds, a minimum service where the network is completely partitioned into bounded-size clusters.During the convergence towards an optimum service, in which leaders will be the most appropriate nodes and their number will be reduced locally, the minimum service is preserved.The protocol for knowledge of neighbor clusters, called R-CNK, allows each leader to know the identity of leaders of neighbor clusters, paths leading to them, and the composition (list of ordinary nodes) of its neighbor clusters.The minimum service provided by of R-CNK protocol, reached after 4 rounds, ensures that every leader always knows paths towards all the leaders of neighbor clusters.We conducted an experimental study using the simulator NS2 to evaluate and to compare the performance of our protocols (R-BSC and R-CNK) with those of their self-stabilizing version in the context of mobile networks.This study confirmed that our protocols R-BSC and R-CNK offer a better service guarantee
Ertzscheid, Olivier. "Les enjeux cognitifs et stylistiques de l'organisation hypertextuelle : le Lieu, Le Lien, Le Livre." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006260.
Повний текст джерелаDans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets déjà mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport à l'écrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnées par ce nouveau support, pour isoler également la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'énonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'énonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (liés notamment à l'utilisation de générateurs) et sur le statut littéraire de ces productions.
Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « théoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'étude systématique de ses procédés de liaison. Après un état de l'art de la question, nous définissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhétoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les différents types de rapport entre ces « entités-liens » autorisant à qualifier différentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulées dans ce travail devront permettre d'améliorer les pratiques de navigation et de réduire certains effets liés (surcharge cognitive, désorientation).
Notre troisième chapitre montre que ce que ces liens révèlent du fonctionnement de la pensée humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la manière dont les systèmes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se développent, en mettant en place, de manière effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage à l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif expérimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de différents types ontologiques, ce dernier étant caractéristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.
SIMON, CATHERINE. "Specification et simulation d'une architecture multiprocesseur prolog." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30153.
Повний текст джерелаFraslin, Marie. "Evaluating the capacity of a virtual r&d community of practice : The case of ALSTOM power hydro." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI059/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, we explore the potential of a forum to support collaboration and knowledge sharing among Virtual Communities of practice. We thus propose a coding scheme based on the Rainbow model and test it in order to analyze the content of two forums of R&D VcoP. We demonstrate that a forum supports asynchronous argumentative activities and thus enhances global collaboration and knowledge sharing among R&D VcoP members. We then propose an enriched model based on the work of Line Dube and tested it to characterize the R&D VcoP studied. We prove that the community configuration has a direct impact on the online dynamic of the community. We point out the main factors that play a key role in fostering online collaboration and knowledge sharing between R&D Virtual community members
Carpen-Amarie, Alexandra. "Utilisation de BlobSeer pour le stockage de données dans les Clouds: auto-adaptation, intégration, évaluation." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696012.
Повний текст джерелаFerreira, Leite Alessandro. "A user-centered and autonomic multi-cloud architecture for high performance computing applications." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112355/document.
Повний текст джерелаCloud computing has been seen as an option to execute high performance computing (HPC) applications. While traditional HPC platforms such as grid and supercomputers offer a stable environment in terms of failures, performance, and number of resources, cloud computing offers on-Demand resources generally with unpredictable performance at low financial cost. Furthermore, in cloud environment, failures are part of its normal operation. To overcome the limits of a single cloud, clouds can be combined, forming a cloud federation often with minimal additional costs for the users. A cloud federation can help both cloud providers and cloud users to achieve their goals such as to reduce the execution time, to achieve minimum cost, to increase availability, to reduce power consumption, among others. Hence, cloud federation can be an elegant solution to avoid over provisioning, thus reducing the operational costs in an average load situation, and removing resources that would otherwise remain idle and wasting power consumption, for instance. However, cloud federation increases the range of resources available for the users. As a result, cloud or system administration skills may be demanded from the users, as well as a considerable time to learn about the available options. In this context, some questions arise such as: (a) which cloud resource is appropriate for a given application? (b) how can the users execute their HPC applications with acceptable performance and financial costs, without needing to re-Engineer the applications to fit clouds' constraints? (c) how can non-Cloud specialists maximize the features of the clouds, without being tied to a cloud provider? and (d) how can the cloud providers use the federation to reduce power consumption of the clouds, while still being able to give service-Level agreement (SLA) guarantees to the users? Motivated by these questions, this thesis presents a SLA-Aware application consolidation solution for cloud federation. Using a multi-Agent system (MAS) to negotiate virtual machine (VM) migrations between the clouds, simulation results show that our approach could reduce up to 46% of the power consumption, while trying to meet performance requirements. Using the federation, we developed and evaluated an approach to execute a huge bioinformatics application at zero-Cost. Moreover, we could decrease the execution time in 22.55% over the best single cloud execution. In addition, this thesis presents a cloud architecture called Excalibur to auto-Scale cloud-Unaware application. Executing a genomics workflow, Excalibur could seamlessly scale the applications up to 11 virtual machines, reducing the execution time by 63% and the cost by 84% when compared to a user's configuration. Finally, this thesis presents a product line engineering (PLE) process to handle the variabilities of infrastructure-As-A-Service (IaaS) clouds, and an autonomic multi-Cloud architecture that uses this process to configure and to deal with failures autonomously. The PLE process uses extended feature model (EFM) with attributes to describe the resources and to select them based on users' objectives. Experiments realized with two different cloud providers show that using the proposed model, the users could execute their application in a cloud federation environment, without needing to know the variabilities and constraints of the clouds
Carpen-Amarie, Alexandra. "BlobSeer as a data-storage facility for clouds : self-Adaptation, integration, evaluation." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0066/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe emergence of Cloud computing brings forward many challenges that may limit the adoption rate of the Cloud paradigm. As data volumes processed by Cloud applications increase exponentially, designing efficient and secure solutions for data management emerges as a crucial requirement. The goal of this thesis is to enhance a distributed data-management system with self-management capabilities, so that it can meet the requirements of the Cloud storage services in terms of scalability, data availability, reliability and security. Furthermore, we aim at building a Cloud data service both compatible with state-of-the-art Cloud interfaces and able to deliver high-throughput data storage. To meet these goals, we proposed generic self-awareness, self-protection and self-configuration components targeted at distributed data-management systems. We validated them on top of BlobSeer, a large-scale data-management system designed to optimize highly-concurrent data accesses. Next, we devised and implemented a BlobSeer-based file system optimized to efficiently serve as a storage backend for Cloud services. We then integrated it within a real-world Cloud environment, the Nimbus platform. The benefits and drawbacks of using Cloud storage for real-life applications have been emphasized in evaluations that involved data-intensive MapReduce applications and tightly-coupled, high-performance computing applications
Jensen, Karina. "Accelerating Global Product Innovation through Cross-cultural Collaboration : Organizational Mechanisms that Influence Knowledge-sharing within the MNC." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840215.
Повний текст джерелаArce, Arguedas Maria Lourdes. "La distribution des connaissances dans la gestion du risque : analyse des interactions dans le cadre du Comité de la protection civile de la Mairie de Tecoluca - Salvador." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10019.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of risk management has always interested me, especially after I lived through two hurricanes and a devastating earthquake in El Salvador. Although there is a lot of literature on this subject, often linked to the question of climate change, we do not know how governmental and civil organizations deal with risk management on a daily basis. Based on an ethnographic study of the Civil Protection Commission of the mayoralty of Tecoluca, El Salvador, I observed processes that are taking place in the research and analysis of structural factors causing situations of vulnerability. To do this, I adopted an approach based on the study of interactions, involving the theory of distributed cognition and actor-network theory. As I show, the risk management seen as a participatory process is characterized, on one side, by the cooperation and coordination of individuals and, on the other side, by the contribution of tools, technologies, materials and methods that contribute to the detection of risk. This requires the mobilization of knowledge that must be produced, shared and distributed among the members of a group through the various artefacts, tools, methods and technologies that they mobilize and that mobilize them. In this regard, the theory of distributed cognition allows me to explore the interactions that occur within a working group by focusing on what contributes to the act of knowing, an activity is not just individual but also collective and distributed. Moreover, the actor-network theory allows me to show how in the execution of this task (risk management), the active contribution of non-human actors, both by themselves and in relation to human actors, participates in activities of detection and risk prevention.
Ovalle, Carranza Demetro Arturo. "Contribution à l'étude du raisonnement en univers multi-agent : KIDS, une application pour l'interprétation d'images biomédicales." Phd thesis, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339255.
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