Статті в журналах: "CONGO-RED STAINING"

1

Emmett, Ern. "Microscopical techniques: staining with Congo Red." Field Mycology 4, no. 2 (April 2003): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60194-6.

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2

Kibby, Geoffrey. "Staining cap cuticle with congo red dye." Field Mycology 7, no. 1 (January 2006): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60359-3.

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3

Guselnikova, Valeriia V., Elena A. Fedorova, Alexandra Ja Gudkova, Michael M. Shavlovsky, and Dmitrii E. Korzhevskii. "Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Features of histological diagnosis: study design." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 94, no. 4 (May 26, 2022): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201464.

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Aim. To compare efficiency and specific features of transthyretin amyloid staining by different histological dyes and thus to assess their suitability for diagnostic purposes. Materials and methods. Samples of left and right heart ventricles were taken from patients over 70 years-old of both genders (n=10) with immunohistochemically verified transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). All samples were stained with Congo red, Alcian blue, toluidine blue and methylene violet. Results. Specificity and sensitivity of Congo red staining was comparable to those of immunohistochemical staining. For verification of amyloid presence after Congo red staining one could use fluorescent microscopy instead of polarization microscopy. It allows a more accurate diagnosis of amyloidosis. Confocal microscopy with spectral unmixing improves detection sensitivity of amyloid by elimination of background fluorescence of muscle tissue and autofluorescence of lipofuscin. Alcian blue staining gives the same result as Congo red. In addition, its less labor-intensive and free of false-positive and false-negative results caused by final processing of slide preparation. Toluidine blue and methylene violet develop metachromatic staining upon binding to transthyretin fibrils, likely due to specific biochemical features of these fibrils. Conclusion. The most reliable method for histochemical diagnosis of ATTR is the Congo red staining with subsequent analysis using fluorescence or confocal microscopy. For diagnostic screening, the use of Sodium sulphate-Alcian blue staining method is highly promising. Metachromatic stains are less effective for ATTR diagnosis.

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4

NORN, M. S. "CONGO RED VITAL STAINING OF CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA." Acta Ophthalmologica 54, no. 5 (May 27, 2009): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1976.tb01289.x.

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5

Kadota, Ayumi, Susumu Iwaide, Shinya Miyazaki, Ikki Mitsui, Noboru Machida, and Tomoaki Murakami. "Pathology and Proteomics-Based Diagnosis of Localized Light-Chain Amyloidosis in Dogs and Cats." Veterinary Pathology 57, no. 5 (June 17, 2020): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820934113.

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Amyloidosis is classified according to the amyloid precursor protein, and accurate diagnosis of the amyloidosis type may guide appropriate treatment. Immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining are the most frequently used methods used to distinguish types of amyloidosis, but problems with specificity and sensitivity indicate the need for an alternative diagnostic method. In this study, we evaluated laser microdissection-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LMD-LC-MS/MS) for the diagnosis of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis in animals. Plasmacytomas with amyloid deposits from 15 dogs and 2 cats were subjected to Congo red staining with or without potassium permanganate pretreatment, immunohistochemistry for kappa and lambda light chains, and LMD-LC-MS/MS. Congo red staining was diagnostic in 12 of 17 cases based on resistance to potassium permanganate pretreatment, but in 5 of 17 cases the pretreatment unexpectedly reduced Congo red staining or abrogated the birefringence and a definitive diagnosis could not be reached. Immunohistochemistry detected kappa or lambda light chains in 6 of 17 cases. With LMD-LC-MS/MS, immunoglobulin lambda light chain was detected in all 17 cases. The amyloid signature proteins ApoA-I, ApoA-IV, and ApoE were detected in 9, 1, and 3 of the 15 canine cases by LMD-LC-MS/MS, but not in the feline cases. In conclusion, LMD-LC-MS/MS consistently determined the amyloid type in all examined specimens, while Congo red staining after potassium permanganate treatment and immunohistochemistry were less sensitive tests.

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6

Schulze, C., M. Brügmann, M. Böer, H. P. Brandt, J. Pohlenz, and R. P. Linke. "Generalized AA-amyloidosis in Siberian Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) with Predominant Renal Medullary Amyloid Deposition." Veterinary Pathology 35, no. 1 (January 1998): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589803500108.

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Generalized amyloidosis with predominant renal medullary amyloid deposition was found in four closely related Siberian tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica) suffering from end stage kidney diseases. Only minimal to mild amounts of amyloid were deposited in various organs outside the kidneys with individually variable organ involvement. The Congo red staining affinity of amyloid deposits was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. The deposits were further characterized as being of the amyloid-A (AA) type by immunohistochemistry using the mouse monoclonal antibody mc4 directed against a conserved region of the human AA-protein. A combination of immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining was much more sensitive for the diagnosis of amyloid deposits than Congo red staining alone. With this combination, even minimal amyloid deposits were detected that had been missed in the first reading using Congo-red-stained slides alone. Since no common primary cause was identified, the amyloidosis was classified as idiopathic generalized AA-amyloidosis with a potential familial predisposition.

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Gruber, A. D., and R. P. Linke. "Generalized AA-Amyloidosis in a Bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 4 (July 1996): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300409.

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Generalized amyloidosis was found to be the cause of death in a female adult insectivorous pipistrelle bat ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus) after chronic wound inflammation. Large amounts of amyloid were detected in liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, intestine, lymphatic tissues, and endocrine and salivary glands. Congo red staining and green birefringence identified amyloid; the Congo red staining was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. The amyloid was further classified immunohistochemically. The deposits reacted with two anti-human-AA-amyloid monoclonal antibodies in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction, whereas no reaction was found with antibodies specific for other types of amyloid. Thus, the bat amyloid deposits were identified as generalized reactive AA-amyloidosis.

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8

Bély, M. "Histochemical Differential Diagnosis and Polarization Optical Analysis of Amyloid and Amyloidosis." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.35.

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Amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposition of protein fibrils of chemically heterogeneous composition. Early recognition and identification of amyloid deposits allows an early start of therapy, which may entail a better prognosis. Congo red staining according to Romhányi (1971) is a highly specific and sensitive method for early microscopic recognition of amyloidosis. The main and most important types of amyloidosis may be distinguished by classic histochemical methods of performate pretreatment according to Romhányi (1979), or by KMnO4oxidation according to Wright (1977) followed by Congo red staining and viewed under polarized light. Differences in the speed of breakdown (disintegration) of amyloid deposits according to Bély and Apáthy allow a more precise distinction of various types of amyloid.

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9

Hossain, Bassam, and Sumair Ahmad. "S2605 GI Amyloidosis: A Case of Congo Red Staining and Anemia." American Journal of Gastroenterology 117, no. 10S (October 2022): e1726-e1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000867060.62730.83.

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10

Bennett, J. D. C., and C. R. Chowdhury. "Primary amyloidosis of the larynx." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, no. 4 (April 1994): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100126702.

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AbstractThe history, examination and operative findings of primary amyloidosis of the larynx are very suggestive of carcinoma, indicating the need for careful histological examination. Staining with Congo red shows a characteristic birefringence. Systemic amyloidosis may be present

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Phaosawasdi, Kamthorn, Yingluk Sritunyarat, Chawin Lopimpisuth, Nutbordee Nalinthassanai, Yongkasem Vorasettakarnkij, and Pradermchai Kongkam. "Prevalence of achlorhydria in an Asian population detected using Congo red staining during routine gastroscopy: 22 years’ experience from a single centre." BMJ Open Gastroenterology 9, no. 1 (August 2022): e000976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2022-000976.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to study the prevalence of achlorhydria (AC) in a large Asian population.DesignMedical records of patients who underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) with Congo red staining method at the Vichaiyut Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 3597 patients was recruited; 223 were excluded due to concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors. Eighteen from 3374 patients (0.53%) had AC. Seven patients were presented with permanent AC (5F, 2M) (median age=69 years; range 58–92). Among 11 patients with temporary AC (5M, 6F: mean age 73.4 years; SD 13.2 years), all had gastrointestinal Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection and were over 45 years old. After successful treatment for H. pylori, AC was absent among patients with temporary AC. If counting only patients over 45 years of age, the prevalence of AC was 0.68% (18/2614). No adverse events arising from Congo red occurred.ConclusionAC is relatively rare. Permanent and temporary AC were found only when they were over 55 and 45 years old, respectively. Staining Congo red on gastric mucosa can be safely and routinely incorporated into the OGD procedure for early detection of AC. We recommended a low-cost screening test such as serum vitamin B levels for screening only in patients aged 50 and over.

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12

DIAS, CHRISTIAN, JOHN W BOLDT, and SANDEEP K RAJAN. "PULMONARY AMYLOIDOSIS: LUNG BIOPSY STAINING WITH CONGO-RED WITHOUT ANY SYSTEMIC SPREAD." Chest 162, no. 4 (October 2022): A1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2022.08.1342.

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13

Djunic, Irena, Dragica Tomin, Maja Perunicic, Ana Vidovic, Vesna Cemerikic, Vladislava Djurasinovic, Ljubomir Jakovic, and Gradimir Jankovic. "Diagnosis and the treatment of primary amyloidosis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 9 (2010): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1009781d.

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Backgraund. Primary amyloidosis belongs to a group of monoclonal plasma cell disorders, characterized by extracellular deposition of immunoglobulin light chain fibrils in various tissues and subsequent multiorgan dysfunction. Case report. We present a 51-year-old female with 2-years history of fatigue on exertion, oedema of face, abdomen and legs, bone pain and obstipation. After diagnostic procedures such as electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urine proteins, immunohistohemical staining of bone marrow biopsy specimens and Congo red staining of rectal biopsy specimens, the patient received misdiagnosis of multiple myeloma and was referred to our hospital for further treatment. We reevaluated and complemented diagnostic procedures (ehocardiosonography and biopsy of subcutaneaus tissue with Congo red staining), and established diagnosis of primary amyloidosis. The therapy had started with intravenous (iv) melphalan and dexamethasone (totally eight cycles) and continued with peroral melphalan and iv dexamethasone. Stabilization of the disease was achieved after 35 months of the treatment. Conclusion. The case of this rare and often fatal disease emphasizes significance of early diagnosis and, consequently, initiation of specific therapies which are indispensable to improve the disease prognosis.

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Maloumbi, Phany Brunelle Issanga, Junior Rocyr Ibara Onguema, Gildas Ismael Ganse, Mohamed El Jamili, Dounia Benzeroual, Saloua El Karimi, and Mustapha El Hattaoui. "Diagnosis of Systemic AL-Type Amyloidosis Revealed by Severe Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Case Report and Literature Review." SAS Journal of Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2022.v08i03.011.

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Amyloidosis refers to a group of systemic diseases whose common feature is the extracellular accumulation of insoluble fibrillar proteins in tissues (heart, reins, digestive tract). Several types of amyloidosis have been described; the primary (AL) and the secondary (AA) forms are by far the most frequent. AL amyloidosis is rare but not exceptional disease, with a prevalence of 500new cases per year in France. It is related to be precipitation in tissues of monoclonal light chains of immunoglobulin in the form of fibrils. Its diagnosis is histological based on the biopsy analysis of an affected organ or on non-invasive biopsies (subcutaneous fat, accessory salivary glands, etc) with the detection of amorphous deposits stained by congo red with dichroism and birefringence in polarised light, which is the reference examination. But the diagnostic approach can also be done by thioflavin staining which is very sensitive but not specific for amyloidosis and always requieres a diagnostic confirmation by congo red staining. We report the case of a patient with severe restrictive cardiomyopahy and presenting a set of paraclinical arguments specific for amyloidosis whose diagnosis was made by thioflavin staining.

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BAJYA, D. R., DEEPIKA ARYA, M. RANJITH, M. C. LAKHARAN, and S. K. RAZA. "Isolation and identification of cellulose demoting symbionts from gut of subterranean termite, Odontotermes obesus." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 7 (July 9, 2015): 970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i7.50142.

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The study was carried out to isolate and identify the symbionts, viz. cellulose demoting bacteria and fungus in termite gut. The experiment was conducted during (February 2013- July 2013) at biotechnology laboratory, Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Gurgaon (Haryana). Termites are wood eating insects and are among the most important ligno cellulose- digesting insects and possess a variety of symbiotic microorganisms in their gut. Nutrient agar, potato dextrose and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) were used to isolate the dry bacterial strain and fungus. The cellulose is demoted in termite gut by the production of cellulase enzyme which is detected by Congo red stain. Colony morphology and staining technique such as Gram's staining, Congo red staining and oxidase test for bacterial strain gave an idea for the presence of genera Citrobacter and Enterobacter. Aspergillus nidulans has been isolated and identified at division of plant pathology, IARI, New Delhi. These bacteria and fungus were able to assimilate CMC which aid in digestion of cellulose in subterranean termite Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) and this study abetted to understand more about the symbionts associated with digestive mechanism of termites.

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Sharma, P., S. Pajni, N. Dhillon, D. V. Vadehra, and D. K. Dube. "Limitations of the Congo-Red staining techniques for the detection of cellulolytic activities." Biotechnology Letters 8, no. 8 (August 1986): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01028087.

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Dzekova-Vidimliski, Pavlina, Vlatko Karanfilovski, Igor G. Nikolov, Irena Rambabova-Bushljetik, Vesna Ristovska, Gordana Petrushevska, and Gjulsen Selim. "Glomerulopathies with Fibrillary Deposits." PRILOZI 44, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2023-0030.

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Abstract The glomerulopathies associated with the deposition of extracellular fibrils in the glomeruli are subdivided into Congo red positive (amyloidosis) and Congo red negative (non-amyloidotic glomerulopathies) based on Congo red staining. The non-amyloidotic glomerulopathies are divided into immunoglobulin-derived and non-immunoglobulin-derived glomerulopathies. The immunoglobulin-derived glomerulopathies: fibrillary glomerulopathy (FGn) and immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG) are rare glomerulopathies. The diagnosis of fibrillary-immunotactoid glomerulopathy depends on electron microscopy, which shows the presence of microfibrils in the glomeruli. The microfibrils in FGn are randomly arranged with diameters less than 30 nm. The microfibrils in ITG are larger than 30 nm with a visible lumen (microtubules), focally arranged in parallel bundles. Patients with fibrillary-immunotactoid glomerulopathy present with proteinuria (usually in the nephrotic range), microscopic hematuria, arterial hypertension, and chronic kidney disease that progresses to kidney failure over months to years. Currently, there are no guidelines for the treatment of fibrillary-immunotactoid glomerulopathy, although immunotactoid glomerulopathy could be associated with underlying hematologic disorders with the need for clone-directed therapy.

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Batool, Maria, Eamon Leen, Siobhan Glavey, Seamus K. Sreenan, and John McDermott. "Nephrotic Syndrome Following Resection of an Adrenal Incidentaloma:A Case Report." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A144—A145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.292.

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Abstract A 69 year old man had a 5 cm right adrenal lesion discovered incidentally while being investigated for a deterioration in previously well-controlled hypertension. Routine investigations including serum albumin were normal. Further investigation confirmed a non-functioning adrenal lesion. MRI revealed a ‘non-fat-containing T1 hyperintense indeterminate adrenal lesion with speckling of T2 hyperintensity, not typical for adenoma, hyperplasia, myelolipoma, haemangioma or pheochromocytoma’. An uncomplicated laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed. Histology revealed a 118 g adrenal neoplasm, modified Weiss score 0, with abundant hyaline deposits.3 months later the patient complained of peripheral oedema. Investigations revealed a serum albumin of 24 g/L and 14 g of proteinuria in 24 hours. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal IgA type lambda band. Renal biopsy revealed amorphous material displaying apple green birefringence on staining with Congo Red, which stained with antibodies to lambda light chains, confirming AL amyloid. Therefore the patient’s resected adrenal specimen was retrieved and stained with Congo Red, revealing apple green birefringence in the walls of the blood vessels, confirming the presence of amyloidosis. Although adrenal gland involvement in secondary amyloidosis is common, adrenal involvement in primary amyloidosis is less well described. This case illustrates the indolent nature of primary amyloidosis, prior to the development of often catastrophic symptoms. Consideration should be given to Congo Red staining of resected pathologic specimens containing hyaline deposition, to potentially allow for earlier recognition of this devastating disease. A pathophysiologic link between the patient’s incidentaloma, adrenalectomy, and onset of nephrotic syndrome remains a matter for conjecture.

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Chiwar, Hassan Musa, Hajja Inna Muhammad Mailafiya, Isa Saidu Isa, and Fatima Aliyu Chiroma. "Characterization and frequency of biofilms in adenotonsillitis: a retrospective study from a tertiary hospital in North-Eastern Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2023): 3156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20232762.

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Background: Adenotonsillitis, a common condition characterized by inflammation of the adenoids and tonsils, is caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens. Biofilm formation has been linked to disease chronicity and antibiotic resistance. However, the role of biofilms in adenotonsillitis remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore biofilms in adenotonsillitis biopsies, focusing on their characterization, frequency, and demographic distribution by determining the expression of polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix using Congo red stain, determining the presence and frequency of bacterial as well as fungal biofilms in adenotonsillar tissue, investigating any potential associations with disease severity, and evaluating the age and sex distribution of patients with adenotonsillitis. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adenotonsillitis biopsies (n=50) collected from the university of Maiduguri teaching hospital. The expression of polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix was assessed using congo red stain. Bacterial and fungal biofilms were visualized using crystal violet and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stains, respectively. Data on patient demographics, diagnoses, and biofilm characteristics were analyzed. Results: Adenoidtonsillitis was the most common diagnosis (82%), predominantly affecting children aged 0-9 years (76%). Gram's reaction was positive in 70% of cases, while Congo red staining indicated polysaccharide expression in 60%. GMS staining revealed fungal elements in 18% of cases. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the characterization and frequency of bacterial and fungal biofilms in adenotonsillitis, emphasizing importance of biofilms in disease development and persistence. Understanding biofilm-associated infections can improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for adenotonsillitis in Nigeria and beyond

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Seifi, Safoura, Zahra Azizi, Alten Ghanghermeh, Shahriar Eftekharian, Jahanshah Salehinejad, and Hemmat Gholinia. "Eosinophil density in common benign and malignant salivary gland tumors with congo red staining." Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 40, no. 2 (2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_217_17.

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Suyama, Kousuke, Hiroki Yamamoto, Takahiko Naganawa, Takeshi Iwata, and Hajimu Komada. "A plate count method for aerobic cellulose decomposers in soil by Congo red staining." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 39, no. 2 (June 1993): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1993.10417008.

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LINDER, E., V. P. LEHTO, and I. VIRTANEN. "AMYLOID-LIKE GREEN BIREFRINGENCE IN CYTOSKELETAL 10 nm FILAMENTS AFTER STAINING WITH CONGO RED." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology 87A, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1979.tb00056.x.

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Zilberstein, Netanel F., Sanmeet Singh, Ashley T. Zilberstein, and Robert Carroll. "1770 The Utility of Congo Red Staining in Grossly and Histopathologically Silent Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis." American Journal of Gastroenterology 114, no. 1 (October 2019): S993—S994. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000596612.42939.f8.

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Lu, Chia-Ming, Mei-Ling Hou, Lie-Chwen Lin, and Tung-Hu Tsai. "Chemical and Physical Methods to Analyze a Multicomponent Traditional Chinese Herbal Prescription Using LC-MS/MS, Electron Microscope, and Congo Red Staining." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/952796.

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This study develops several chemical and physical methods to evaluate the quality of a traditional Chinese formulation, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with electrospray ionization was used to measure the herbal biomarkers of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, and paeoniflorin from this herbal formula. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscopy photographs with Congo red staining were used to identify the cellulose fibers if raw herbal powder had been added to the herbal pharmaceutical product. Moreover, water solubility and crude fiber content examination were used to inspect for potential herbal additives to the herbal pharmaceutical products. The results demonstrate that the contents of the herbal ingredients of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, and paeoniflorin were around 0.351 ± 0.017, 0.136 ± 0.010, 0.140 ± 0.005, and 2.281 ± 0.406 mg/g, respectively, for this herbal pharmaceutical product. The physical examination data demonstrate that the raw herbal powder had rough, irregular, lumpy, filamentous, and elongated shapes, as well as strong Congo red staining. In addition, water solubility and crude fiber content were not consistent in the herbal pharmaceutical products.

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Panicker, Vinitha V., Soumya Jagadeesan, Gopikrishnan Anjaneyan, Lekshmi S., Malini Eapen, Sreedevan V., and Jacob Thomas. "A clinicopathological study of primary localised cutaneous amyloidosis." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 3, no. 4 (November 23, 2017): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20174649.

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Background: Amyloidosis is defined as extracellular deposits of heterogenic, misfolded proteins, amyloid fibrils, in various tissues. The term primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) usually includes macular amyloidosis (MA), lichen amyloidosis (LA) and nodular amyloidosis. Primary cutaneous amyloidosis is very common in Kerala probably due to socio-cultural practices. There has been no published data on PLCA from Kerala thus we undertook this study. The objectives of the study were to correlate clinical features of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis with histopathologic findings; to evaluate the sensitivity of Congo red staining with polarized light in histopathologically proven primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis)Methods: We undertook an observational analysis for a period of 2 years from May 2012 to April 2014 in the Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute, Cochin. All cases clinically diagnosed as cutaneous amylodosis were included in the study. After informed consent, skin biopsy was taken. The histopathologic sections were stained with Congo red and seen under polarized microscopy for apple green birefrengance.Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Of the 70 cases, there were 20 males and 50 females. The most common clinical type was lichen amylodosis observed in 32 patients followed by macular amylodosis (28) and biphasic amyloidosis (10) cases. Histopathological compatibility was seen in 71% of MA and 89% cases of LA. Congored positivity was seen in 53.8%. Congored stain under immunofluorescence microscopy was done for 30 patients which gave a positivity of 85% which indicates that it is more sensitive that polarizing microscopy.Conclusions: Our study showed that the most common type is lichen amylodosis. Histopathology and congo red staining with polarized light is a valuable aid in diagnosis. Congo red stain under immunofluorescence microscopy has greater sensitivity and improves the diagnostic yield.

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Fedotov, Sergey A., Elizaveta M. Gerasimova, Elena S. Vashukova, Vladimir S. Pakin, Roman V. Kapustin, Olga V. Pachuliya, Andrey S. Glotov, Konstantin Yu Kulichikhin, Yury O. Chernoff, and Aleksandr A. Rubel. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of modified CRD tests in the diagnosis of preeclampsia." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 71, no. 4 (October 22, 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd109365.

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BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a multisystem complication of pregnancy associated with an increased risk of maternal / perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this regard, the development and following improvement of low-cost and convenient methods for diagnosis of preeclampsia is essential for accurate prediction, quick confirmation of the diagnosis and convenient monitoring of the pathology. AIM: The aim of this study was to optimize a preeclampsia diagnosis test system based on the binding of proteins to the Congo red dye (CRD test). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used 70 urine samples obtained from patients diagnosed with preeclampsia (n = 25) and from non-preeclampsia pregnant women (n = 45). The samples were stained with Congo red and the dye retention in the sample on the membrane after washing was calculated. Before staining, protein concentrations in the urine samples were equalized using centrifugal concentrators or the samples were used with the original protein concentrations. To wash the samples from the unbound dye, either methanol or ethanol was used. To compare the effectiveness of four CRD test variants differing in sample preparation, staining, and washing, ROC analysis was performed (IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software). RESULTS: The express CRD test was designed as an optimization of the conventional CRD test. The effectiveness of the express test (the area under the ROC curve being 0.9) was higher than that of the other three test options (the area under the ROC curve ranges from 0.67 to 0.82). The developed express CRD test can provide 95% specificity and 73% sensitivity, which indicates the promise of using this method in clinical diagnostics for the specific detection of preeclampsia patients. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of the CRD test has provided more effective protocols for diagnosis of preeclampsia from urine samples using Congo red (express CRD test) and has simplified the routine application of this test in clinical practice.

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Mold, Cottle, King, and Exley. "Intracellular Aluminium in Inflammatory and Glial Cells in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081459.

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(1) Introduction: In 2006, we reported on very high levels of aluminium in brain tissue in an unusual case of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The individual concerned had been exposed to extremely high levels of aluminium in their potable water due to a notorious pollution incident in Camelford, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The recent development of aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy has now allowed for the location of aluminium in this brain to be identified. (2) Case Summary: We used aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy in parallel with Congo red staining and polarised light to identify the location of aluminium and amyloid in brain tissue from an individual who had died from a rare and unusual case of CAA. Aluminium was almost exclusively intracellular and predominantly in inflammatory and glial cells including microglia, astrocytes, lymphocytes and cells lining the choroid plexus. Complementary staining with Congo red demonstrated that aluminium and amyloid were not co-located in these tissues. (3) Discussion: The observation of predominantly intracellular aluminium in these tissues was novel and something similar has only previously been observed in cases of autism. The results suggest a strong inflammatory component in this case and support a role for aluminium in this rare and unusual case of CAA.

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Tsai, Karen, Alice Chen Yu, Masha J. Livhits, Dipti Sajed, Angela M. Leung, and Dianne S. Cheung. "Systemic light-chain amyloidosis incidentally diagnosed after subtotal parathyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 4 (April 2021): e241282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-241282.

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A 74-year-old woman with a history of primary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid nodules, atrial fibrillation and pacemaker placement for sick sinus syndrome presented with fatigue, constipation and persistent lower extremity oedema. She underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy and left thyroid lobectomy. Histopathology revealed amyloidosis affecting the thyroidand parathyroids confirmed by Congo Red Staining with Mayo Clinic subtyping of light chain kappa-type amyloidosis. She was found to have combined systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, carpal tunnel neuropathy and pre-diabetes suggestive of systemic amyloidosis with involvement of the heart, nerves and pancreas. Congo red stain was positive for amyloidosis on bone marrow biopsy suggestive of a diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. She was treated with daratumumab with good clinical response. This case illustrates the necessity of considering systemic amyloidosis in patients with incidentally discovered diffuse amyloid deposits on biopsy of an endocrine organ, as endocrine effects are a rare but likely underdiagnosed consequence of systemic amyloidosis.

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Kozlov, Vadim A., Sergey P. Sapozhnikov, Pavel B. Karyshev, Alena I. Fufaeva, Vera Yu Aleksandrova, and Yulia V. Vasilyeva. "TONSILOGENIC AMYLOIDOSIS." Acta medica Eurasica, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2021-2-7-16.

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In connection with the report that amyloid is a functional antimicrobial substance, possibly a part of innate immunity, we suggested that amyloid may form in the palatine tonsils in chronic tonsillitis. Thirty-two patients aged 19 to 52 years underwent surgical treatment for clinically proven chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the study was to detect the fact of amyloid tonsillar lesions formation in chronic tonsillitis. We performed histological examination of tonsillo-ectomized material fixed in 10% formalin solution and filled in paraffin on 4-micron histological sections: 1) according to the conventional technique, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, 2) Congo red staining and 3) using our own original trichromatic method (two-hour incubation of paraffin sections in acidin-pepsin, sequential staining with picro-fuchsin according to Van Gieson, Сaracсi hematoxylin, Congo red according to H. H. Benhold, picro-indigocarmine). All 32 patients showed a clinical presentation of chronic tonsillitis without exacerbation with stroma sclerosis and atrophy of the lymphatic glandular system. Local amyloidosis of the tonsils was detected in 10 out of 32 cases. As a result of trichromatic staining, unchanged connective tissue fibers stained green, changed tissues (hyalinosis or amyloidosis) stained in various shades from yellow, yellow-orange to red, in addition, lymphocytes, neutrophils and mast cells were clearly detected in the tissues of the amygdala. For comparison, a section of the palatine tonsil was taken from a 49-year-old man who committed suicide by hanging, who had no chronic tonsillitis. Forensic diagnosis: mechanical asphyxia by hanging. Macroscopically: the tonsils are not enlarged, folded, the size of one of them together with the soft tissues was 2.5×1.5×1 cm. Nevertheless, a Congo-positive substance was found in the sections of the suicider's tonsils. It is concluded that a significant number of amyloidosis cases that did not lead to severe damage to the vital organs remain unaccounted for due to the lack of specialists' awareness and, as a result, recommendations for screening for the presence of amyloidosis. At least 30% of patients with chronic tonsillitis are observed to have at least local tonsillar amyloidosis. Amyloid damage to the tonsils can be seen even in clinically unchanged tonsils.

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Orrego, John J., and Joseph A. Chorny. "AMYLOID GOITER AS THE FIRST RECOGNIZABLE MANIFESTATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN AMYLOIDOSIS." AACE Clinical Case Reports 5, no. 5 (September 2019): e326-e329. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/accr-2019-0161.

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Objective: Clinically apparent thyroid enlargement due to massive amounts of amyloid deposition, known as amyloid goiter, is rare. Endocrinologists should become familiar with this manifestation of systemic amyloidosis, which may be diagnosed by Congo red staining of the specimen obtained by fine-needle aspiration. Methods: We describe a 70-year-old man who presented with a slowly enlarging goiter. It was asymptomatic, predominantly left-sided, nontoxic, and multinodular with atypia of undetermined significance (Bethesda System category III) by cytology. The goiter tested negative using the ThyraMIR miRNA Gene Expression Classifier kit (eviCore Healthcare, Bluffton, SC). Results: Left thyroid lobectomy produced a 220-g specimen with nodular hyperplasia and prominent amyloid deposition confirmed by Congo red staining. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detected a peptide profile consistent with light chain amyloid deposition of the lambda type, formerly called primary amyloidosis. In retrospect, he had been diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction system disease, coronary artery disease, non-nephrotic range proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease, which had been attributed to his longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus. Extensive workup subsequently demonstrated cardiac amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, consistent with light chain amyloidosis. Conclusion: Amyloid goiter should be included in the differential diagnosis of enlarging goiters with Bethesda System category III cytology in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, clinical manifestations of systemic amyloidosis, or known diagnosis of monoclonal cell dyscrasia.

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Bély, Miklós, and Josef Makovitzky. "Sensitivity and specificity of Congo red staining according to Romhányi. Comparison with Puchtler's or Bennhold's methods." Acta Histochemica 108, no. 3 (August 2006): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2006.03.017.

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Miguel-Hidalgo, José Javier, Antón Alvarez, and Ramón Cacabelos. "Plasticity of Congo red staining displayed by subpopulations of neurons within the rat central nervous system." Cell and Tissue Research 293, no. 1 (June 24, 1998): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051099.

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Mehta, Seema, and Yudhishthir S. Rajput. "A Method for Staining of Proteins in Nitrocellulose Membrane and Acrylamide Gel Using Congo Red Dye." Analytical Biochemistry 263, no. 2 (October 1998): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1998.2805.

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Salladini, Edoardo, Frank Gondelaud, Juliet F. Nilsson, Giulia Pesce, Christophe Bignon, Maria Grazia Murrali, Roxane Fabre, et al. "Identification of a Region in the Common Amino-terminal Domain of Hendra Virus P, V, and W Proteins Responsible for Phase Transition and Amyloid Formation." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091324.

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Henipaviruses are BSL-4 zoonotic pathogens responsible in humans for severe encephalitis. Their V protein is a key player in the evasion of the host innate immune response. We previously showed that the Henipavirus V proteins consist of a long intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) and a β-enriched C-terminal domain (CTD). These terminals are critical for V binding to DDB1, which is a cellular protein that is a component of the ubiquitin ligase E3 complex, as well as binding to MDA5 and LGP2, which are two host sensors of viral RNA. Here, we serendipitously discovered that the Hendra virus V protein undergoes a liquid-to-hydrogel phase transition and identified the V region responsible for this phenomenon. This region, referred to as PNT3 and encompassing residues 200–310, was further investigated using a combination of biophysical and structural approaches. Congo red binding assays, together with negative-staining transmisison electron microscopy (TEM) studies, show that PNT3 forms amyloid-like fibrils. Fibrillation abilities are dramatically reduced in a rationally designed PNT3 variant in which a stretch of three contiguous tyrosines, falling within an amyloidogenic motif, were replaced by three alanines. Worthy to note, Congo red staining experiments provided hints that these amyloid-like fibrils form not only in vitro but also in cellula after transfection or infection. The present results set the stage for further investigations aimed at assessing the functional role of phase separation and fibrillation by the Henipavirus V proteins.

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Xu, Chao-Jin, Jun-Ling Wang, Jing-Pan, and Min-Liao. "Tph2 Genetic Ablation Contributes to Senile Plaque Load and Astrogliosis in APP/PS1 Mice." Current Alzheimer Research 16, no. 3 (March 27, 2019): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205016666190301110110.

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Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) lesions. Deficiency of Serotonin signaling recently has been linked to the increased Aβ level in transgenic mice and humans. In addition, tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2), a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform, controls brain serotonin synthesis. However, it remains to be determined that whether Tph2 deficient APP/PS1mice affect the formation of Aβ plaques in vivo. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative immunochemistry methods, as well as Congo red staining were used to evaluate the Aβ load and astrogliosis in these animals. Results: we studied alterations of cortex and hippocampus in astrocytes and senile plaques by Tph2 conditional knockout (Tph2 CKO) AD mice from 6-10 months of age. Using Congo red staining and immunostained with Aβ antibody, we showed that plaques load or plaques numbers significantly increased in Tph2 CKO experimental groups at 8 to 10 months old, compared to wild type (WT) group, respectively. Using GFAP+ astrocytes immunofluorescence method, we found that the density of GFAP+ astrocytes markedly enhanced in Tph2 CKO at 10 months. We showed Aβ plaques co-localized autophagic markers LC3 and p62. Nevertheless, we did not observe any co-localization between GFAP+ astrocytes and autophagic markers, but detected the co-localization between βIII-tubulin+ neurons and autophagic markers. Conclusion: Overall, our work provides the preliminary evidence in vivo that Tph2 plays a role in amyloid plaques generation.

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Mutalik, Vimi Sunil, Monica Solomon, Prasanna Nichat, Sunitha Carnelio, and Raghu Radhakrishnan. "Clear Cell variant of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor without Calcification: A Rarity." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 1 (2014): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1500.

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ABSTRACT Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive odontogenic epithelial tumor that affects the jaws. Although there are numerous reports on the variants of CEOT, occurrence of clear cells with complete absence of calcification has been a rarity. Histochemical analysis of tumor cells revealed glycogen granules with PAS staining, with absence of CD 1a staining in clear cells, while the amyloid-like deposit associated with clear cells showed green birefringence with Congo red. We report an unusual variant of CEOT occurring in a 27 years old male patient. How to cite this article Mutalik VS, Nichat P, Carnelio S, Solomon M, Radhakrishnan R. Clear Cell variant of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor without Calcification: A Rarity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):119-121.

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37

Liu, Song. "Study on the Factors and Degradation of Cellulose Degradation Bacteria." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.40.

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This study obtained 12 microbial degradation of cellulose from perennial accumulation of cellulose waste soil, through Congo red staining, isolated high efficient bacteria N4 degradation of cellulose. The N4 strain degradation single factor experiment showed that: carbon concentration, incubation temperature and initial pH value influence on the degradation of filter paper. Through the orthogonal experimental study obtained: when the concentration of filter paper is 0.5%, culture temperature is 30 °C, initial pH is 8, N4 strain filter paper degradation rate reached optimal, filter paper weight loss rate of 68.92%.

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Kumar, Susheel. "Skin Involvement in Primary Systemic Amyloidosis." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): e2013005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2013.005.

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Primary systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease. It primarily involves kidney, heart, peripheral nerves and liver. Intracutaneous hemorrhage manifesting in the form of petechiae, purpura and ecchymoses due to infiltration of blood vessel walls by amyloid deposits are the most common skin lesions. We report a case of primary systemic amyloidosis with multiple, non-itchy, papular lesions in lower eyelids and lower chest wall bilaterally. Diagnosis was confirmed in this case by biopsy of skin lesions using congo red staining. Papular eruptions as seen in index patient are relatively uncommon form of skin manifestations.

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Cowan, D. F. "Amyloidosis in the Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus." Veterinary Pathology 32, no. 3 (May 1995): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589503200314.

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Four cases of amyloidosis were recognized in a study population of 21 (19%) bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus) examined as part of an investigation of the causes of cetacean strandings along the Texas Gulf Coast. Amyloid deposition was mainly and most prominently in the corticomedullary regions of the kidneys and less consistently in the vessels of the spleen, lung, and heart and around acini of the palatal salivary gland and the thyroid gland. Pretreatment of sections with permanganate and sulfuric acid greatly diminished Congo red staining, suggesting the dolphin amyloid is of the AA variety.

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40

Hansen, Charlotte Toftmann, Hanne E. H. Møller, Aleksandra Maria Rojek, Niels Marcussen, Hans Christian Beck, and Niels Abildgaard. "Combined Subcutaneous Fat Aspirate and Skin Tru-Cut Biopsy for Amyloid Screening in Patients with Suspected Systemic Amyloidosis." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123649.

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Screening for systemic amyloidosis is typically carried out with abdominal fat aspirates with varying reported sensitivities. Fat aspirates are preferred for use in primary screening instead of organ biopsies as they are less invasive and thereby minimize the potential risk of complications. At Odense Amyloidosis Center, we performed a prospective study on whether the combined use of fat aspirate and tru-cut skin biopsy could increase the diagnostic sensitivity. Both fat aspirates and skin biopsies were screened with Congo Red staining, and positive biopsies were subsequently subtyped using immunoelectron microscopy and mass spectrometry. Seventy-six patients were included. In total, 24 patients had systemic amyloidosis (11 AL, 12 wtATTR, 1 AA), and 6 patients had localized amyloidosis. Combined fat aspirate and skin biopsy were Congo Red-positive in 15 patients (overall sensitivity (OS) 62.5%). Fat aspirates were positive in 14 patients (OS 58.3%), and the skin biopsy was positive in 5 patients (OS 20.8%). In only one patient did the skin biopsy add extra diagnostic information. The sensitivity differed between AL and ATTR amyloidosis—81.8% and 41.7%, respectively. Using skin biopsy as the only screening method is not recommended.

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Yusnia, Ella Dewi, Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam, and Nyoman Semadi Antara. "ISOLASI DAN SKRINING BAKTERI SELULOLITIK DARI BEBERAPA TANAH HUTAN DI BALI." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2019.v07.i01.p02.

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Soil is one habitats of the cellulolytic bacteria. Soil containing manure and decayed wood is habitation for cellulolytic bacteria. This research is aimed to isolate and screen cellulolytic bacteria from the soil in Bali that has the potentials to degrade cellulose. The soil samples ware taken from forest in Gunaksa-Klungkung, Telaga-Karangasem, Sukahat-Karangasem, Gilimanuk-Jembrana, and Mangrove forests in Suwung-Denpasar. Each single cellulolytic bacteria colonies which grown on solid media containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were isolated. Screening of cellulolytic bacteria using congo red 0,1 %, staining bacterial isolates which were created clear zones in around the colony were selected. The isolation result are 67 isolated cellulolytic bacteria covered in five soils sample. Twenty-one bacterial isolates were producing cellulase enzymes with an indication of a clear zone in around the colony. Nine superior isolates have high cellulolytic index (CI), namely: G2-8 (5.41), G1-4 (4.86), G2-10 (4.5), G2-2 (3.64), M1-5 (3.10), G2-5 (3.03), M2-12 (2.72), G1-1 (2.38), and M1-1 (2.21). The obtained highest percentage of filter paper (Whatman No.1) degradation was 8.32% and the lowest was 2.48%. Keywords: forest soil, isolation, cellulolytic bacteria, congo red

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42

Menter, Thomas, Matthias Bachmann, Susanne Grieshaber, and Alexandar Tzankov. "A More Accurate Approach to Amyloid Detection and Subtyping: Combining in situ Congo Red Staining and Immunohistochemistry." Pathobiology 84, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447304.

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43

Einarsson, G. G., A. McDowell, J. S. Elborn, and S. L. Martin. "Congo Red staining of CF-related pathogens grown as biofilms in the absence or presence of mucin." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 8 (June 2009): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60136-3.

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44

Carder, John H. "Detection and quantitation of cellulase by Congo red staining of substrates in a cup-plate diffusion assay." Analytical Biochemistry 153, no. 1 (February 1986): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(86)90063-1.

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45

Bowen, Kristina, Nina Shah, and Matthew Lewin. "AL-Amyloidosis Presenting with Negative Congo Red Staining in the Setting of High Clinical Suspicion: A Case Report." Case Reports in Nephrology 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/593460.

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A histologic diagnosis of amyloidosis requires acquiring tissue containing amyloid fibrils from an affected organ or alternate site. The biopsy site and staining techniques may influence testing accuracy. We present a case in which systemic amyloidosis was suspected; however, biopsies of the bone marrow, an osteosclerotic bone lesion, arterial and venous vessels, and the fat pad were all negative for the diagnostic Congo red stain. An eventual renal biopsy demonstrated AL-amyloidosis, kappa light chain associated with extensive vascular interstitial, and glomerular, involvement. Choice of biopsy site, as well as staining and analysis of the tissue, can influence sensitivity and specificity of amyloid testing. Fat-pad biopsies are less invasive and offer reasonable sensitivity. Bone marrow samples are only diagnostic up to 63% of the time. A renal biopsy offers improved sensitivity and is generally safe in experienced hands, but is a more invasive procedure with increased number of relative contraindications and complications. The choice of the biopsy site should be based on considering the expected yield, accessibility of the site, and the risks associated with the procedure.

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46

Mohlin, Camilla, Dick Delbro, Anders Kvanta, and Kjell Johansson. "Evaluation of Congo Red Staining in Degenerating Porcine Photoreceptors In Vitro: Protective Effects by Structural and Trophic Support." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 66, no. 9 (April 6, 2018): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155418768222.

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Congo red (CR) is a histological stain used for the detection of extracellular amyloids mediating various neurodegenerative diseases. Given that damaged photoreceptors appear to degenerate similarly to other nerve cells, CR staining was evaluated in experimentally injured porcine retina. CR staining appeared mostly as discrete cytosolic deposits with no obvious plaque formation during the investigated time period. Increases of CR labeling coincided temporally with the known accumulation of mislocalized opsins and increases of cell death. Coculture, either with human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE) or human neural progenitor (ReN) cells, was accompanied by a significant reduction of CR labeling. Of particular interest was the reduction of CR labeling in cone photoreceptors, which are important for the perception of color and fine details and afflicted in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Electron microscopy revealed inclusions in the inner segment, cell body, and occasionally synaptic terminals of photoreceptor cells in cultured specimens. Closer examinations indicated the presence of different types of inclusions resembling protein aggregates as well as inclusion bodies. The current results indicate that injury-related response resulted in accumulation of CR deposits in photoreceptor cells, and that trophic and/or structural support attenuated this response.

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Hoscheit, Matthew, Afrin Kamal, and Michael Cline. "Gastroparesis in a Patient with Gastric AL Amyloidosis." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 12, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489297.

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Systemic amyloidosis is a group of complex disorders characterized by the extracellular deposition of nonbranching fibrils in various tissues, ultimately leading to a variety of clinical presentations including isolated or multiorgan dysfunction. Amyloid involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is common depending on the subtype of this disease; light chain primary amyloidosis (AL) and secondary amyloidosis (AA) affect the gastrointestinal tract in unique ways due to differing pathophysiology. A case is reported of gastroparesis associated with AL amyloidosis diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and study of gastric emptying, then subsequently confirmed by Congo red staining performed on endoscopic biopsies.

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48

Park, Joon Young, Joo-Young Na, Young-Il Park, Seon Jung Jang, and Yong-Han Jung. "Cardiac Amyloidosis in Autopsy Case of Sudden Unexpected Death." Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 47, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2023.47.1.14.

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A 78-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus who underwent surgery for lumbar stenosis died of sudden cardiac arrest two days after the operation. An autopsy was performed; however, the cause of death was not identified macroscopically. Congo red staining detected amyloid deposits in the systemic organs, including the heart, lungs, liver, thyroid, and kidney. Immunohistochemical staining revealed an immunoglobulin lambda light chain, which can cause the primary form of systemic amyloidosis. The prognosis of patients with systemic amyloidosis is directly associated with cardiac involvement. In this case, amyloid formation was noted in the myocardial interstitium and intramyocardial vascular wall, which caused luminal narrowing, subsequently causing arrhythmia and ischemic heart disease in each tissue, respectively. We present a case of primary systemic amyloidosis with severe cardiac involvement that was diagnosed after a comprehensive postmortem examination.

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Barmasheva, A. A., E. N. Semernin, I. A. Kuznetsova, N. A. Shirshova, M. G. Rybakova, E. V. Shlyakhto, L. U. Orekhova, and A. Y. Gudkova. "Local amyloidosis of the oral cavity in patients with inflammatory periodontal disease and chronic heart failure." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2010): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2010-16-1-88-92.

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Background. Systemic and local amyloidosis can be evident in the oral cavity. Biopsy including oral mucosa biopsy is a standard of amyloidosis diagnosis. Oral mucosa species of the cheek, gingiva, tongue and lip were admitted for the histological investigation. Material and methods. Cheek and gingival biopsies of 32 patients with I-IV NYHA functional class of chronic heart failure (CHF) and suspected systemic amyloidosis were investigated histologically with heama toxylin-eosin and Congo red staining and immunohistochemical analysis to and antibodies (DAKO) and following investigation in the polar light. Results. Positive reaction was observed in 71,9 % cases, while systemic AL-amyloidosis (confi rmed by : disbalance) and genetic form of the amyloidosis with predominantly skin disease were diagnosed only in 3 cases (9,4 %). Dental investigation of the patients with CHF and congo-positive reaction determined high prevalence of the severe generalised periodontitis (37,5 %). Conclusion. Chronic generalized infl ammation of the periodontium may be the cause of the local amyloid deposition in the oral cavity.

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50

Dapson, Richard W. "Amyloid from a histochemical perspective. A review of the structure, properties and types of amyloid, and a proposed staining mechanism for Congo red staining." Biotechnic & Histochemistry 93, no. 8 (November 7, 2018): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2018.1528385.

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