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Статті в журналах з теми "Conflict-generating consequences of migrations"
1
Dustmann, Christian, and Joseph-Simon Görlach. "The Economics of Temporary Migrations." Journal of Economic Literature 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 98–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.54.1.98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many migrations are temporary—a fact that has often been ignored in the economic literature on migration. Such omission may be serious in that expected migration temporariness can impart a distinct dynamic element to immigrants' economic behavior, generating possible consequences for nonmigrants in both home and host countries. In this paper, we provide a thorough examination of the various aspects of temporary migrations that matter for the analysis of economic phenomena. We demonstrate the extent of temporary migrations in population movements. We show how temporariness can affect the various economic choices and how better data have improved both the measurement of nonpermanent migrations and the analyses of various aspects of migrant behavior. We propose a general theoretical framework for modeling temporary migration decisions, based on which we outline the various motives for temporariness while simultaneously reviewing related literature and available data sources. We discuss the possible consequences of migration temporariness for nonmigrants in both home and host countries. (JEL F22, F24, J11, J61, K37, O15)
2
Mensitova, G. I., G. B. Khabizhanova, A. O. Koshymova, and Y. K. Omarbayev. "The Migrations of the Oghuz in the Medieval Period: Causes, Directions and Consequences." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 5 (May 16, 2022): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-5-131-144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. In the 10th – 11th centuries, the process of formation of the Oghuz tribes was underway in Central Asia. It was accompanied by the disintegration of kinship ties and the emergence of statehood. A new type of ethnic community was being formed, based on territorial and economic ties. The formation of the Oghuz Yabgu State with its political center in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya (river in the territory of modern Kazakhstan) played an important role in this process. The paper analyzes the preconditions and peculiarities of the Oghuz tribes’ westward migration. In addition, a comparative analysis of its economic and political consequences is carried out. Results. The Oghuz State, like many other nomadic empires, was not monolithic and its borders were not permanent and strictly defined. As a result of the extended social conflict, the Syr Darian Yabgu State collapsed and did not withstand the attack of the neighboring Kipchak tribes in the middle of the 11th century. This caused a new migration wave directed westward. Conclusion. As a result of the Oguz migration to the Westward there have been changes in the geopolitical and ethnoterritorial characteristics of Western Asia and Asia Minor regions. Oguz migration has become an integral organism of cultural and economic values. The political and ethnic traces of these changes can still be seen today.
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Olechowski, Adam Paweł. "Impact of Armed Conflicts on the State of Ecological Security." Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/conc-2020-0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Contemporary armed conflicts, although not as global in scope as the two world wars in the 20th century, create serious threats in many dimensions. One of the areas of their influence is the natural environment. In fact every armed conflict, also one that takes place in a relatively small territory, causes a number of negative consequences in the natural environment. These, in turn, may have further consequences. Apart from the damage caused by military operations, accompanying phenomena appear on a large scale. In recent years, a series of armed conflicts in Africa and West Asia resulted in huge migrations of millions of people. In addition to the resulting humanitarian crises, large-scale environmental problems are observed. Thus, it clearly shows that even potentially minor military conflicts can lead to serious disturbances of the natural environment. The author shows the various consequences of armed conflicts for the natural environment over the last half century.
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Soria Molina, David. "Migraciones, deportaciones, colonización y geopolítica durante las guerras dácicas de Trajano (101-106 d.C.)." Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional 6, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18847/1.12.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Trajanic Dacian Wars (101-106 AD) implied multiple expansionist population movements by all contestants, that affected the development and result of the conflict, conditioning many of the implied powers’ decisions. In the same way, the intensity and scale of a conflagration that spreaded throughout Danubian and Pontic Europe, finished with heavy population losses as a direct and indirect consequence of armed clashes. Finally, the consolidation of Roman power in Dacia after its conquest and its particularities supposed the deportation and intentional displacement of native population groups, migrations to zones free from Roman occupation and other sociopolitical and demographical problems solved by the Roman Empire through a planned colonization and the varied diplomatic agreements signed on 119 AD. In this essay we are going to deal, through literary, epigraphic, numismatic, archaeological and iconographical fonts, with this demographical processes, the actualities derived from them and its consequences in the framework of Trajan’s Dacian Wars, processes that conditioned the region’s geopolitics and, therefore, the future composition of Eastern Europe.
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Bhui, Kamaldeep. "From the Editor's desk." British Journal of Psychiatry 207, no. 4 (October 2015): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.207.4.369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apples, refugees & emotionsThe Syrian refugee crisis is a reminder that conflict and war have consequences of immense public health importance. Professor Hans Rosling has produced a simple but incisive account of the scale of the problem facing Europe (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uljFaRuJ68&spfreload=10). If an apple represents 1 million Syrian people, 20 apples represent the Syrian population, 12 apples represent displaced populations, 4 of which are external to Syria. A quarter of an apple represents asylum seekers coming to the EU. The disproportionate burden of immediate and long-term health consequences falls on Syria and surrounding nations such as Lebanon and Turkey. Not only is there loss of life due to war and direct actions and injuries, political persecution by state or non-state forces leads to mass migrations of people seeking safety, security, and a future for themselves and their children. The tragic images of a 3-year-old boy, Alan Kurdi, lying on a Turkish beach after failing to survive a sea crossing, have sparked a rethink among world leaders. What should be their response to humanitarian crises and asylum seekers?
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Klempic-Bogadi, Sanja, Margareta Gregurovic, and Sonja Podgorelec. "Migration from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia: Migration patterns of immigrants in Zagreb." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 2 (2018): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1802039k.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2011 population census recorded 4,290,612 residents of Croatia among which 584,947 or 13.7% were born abroad. Even though the most of them were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina (70% or 409,357) no research was conducted about this significant group of immigrants. This paper analyses the migration flows between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia during the last 60 years, especially focusing on demographic data available from diverse secondary sources and data on migration history and transnational activities obtained through empirical study ?The Effects of Immigration from Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Sociodemographic Development of Croatian Urban Areas?. The survey was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, district of City of Zagreb on a judgemental/purposive sample of 301 adult Croatian residents born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Historical events (especially war) and economic developments had the influence on the number of immigrants as well as their motivation and decision to move from Bosnia and Hercegovina to Croatia. The data obtained through secondary sources and the results of conducted survey confirmed the shift in dominant migration patterns during three periods. First period, after the WWII until beginning of 1990s, indicated mostly labour migration where the migrations from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia were mostly driven by economic underdevelopment of the country of origin and directed towards Croatian commercial and industrial centres. In the first half of 1990s the change of socio-political system (breakup of the former federal state) and the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina induced significant forced migrations directed towards Croatia. After the end of the war and due to the consequences of armed conflict effecting the contemporary socioeconomic and political development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a part of its citizens who were temporary settled in Croatia (as labour migrants or refugees) or elsewhere abroad, decided not to move back to Bosnia and Herzegovina but permanently stay in or move to Croatia. This was followed by the new period of migration driven (again) mostly by economic reasons complemented by general social situation and advanced unfavourable demographic processes in Bosnia and Hercegovina. These conditions stimulated the citizens of Bosnia and Hercegovina to migrate more frequently to other, economically more developed countries (Germany, Austria) effecting significantly the number of immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in Croatia. The respondents included in empirical research are mostly Croats by ethnic affiliation (93.4%) and 99% of them have Croatian citizenship. In the highest proportion they migrated to Croatia during the 1990s. The results showed statistically significant correlation between the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina from where they moved to Croatia and the period of migration (the most numerous migrations were recorded from the area of the contemporary Republika Srpska). Three most frequent reasons of migration were war destruction (41.5%), economic reasons (33.2%) and family reasons (13%). Almost two thirds of respondents (63.1%) had no prior migration experience and more than 90% plan to stay permanently in Croatia. The study also confirmed significant social and transnational activities of immigrants. However, these respondents cannot be considered as the ?typical migrants? since they largely share language, culture and tradition of receiving society which presents a favourable environment for their legal/political, socioeconomic and sociocultural integration.
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Portnova, A. "Social Conflict after Disaster." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71492-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective:Studying the social conflict among inhabitants of small settlements owing to extreme situations.Methods:Social-psychological investigation for revealing interpersonal and intergroup (victims and nonvictims) conflicts among in townsfolk of Sydybyl (Yakutia) and Beslan (North Ossetia) after disaster with death of children.Results:It was shown that the basic psychological need of persons who loss their relatives during a disaster is a search of guilty of tragedy. In consequence of this, occurs the stratification of society with apportionment of such groups as “victims” and “guilty”. The “victims” additionally mark out the group of “light victims” and accuse them of insufficient efforts to rescue of children of “victims”. It was suggested that the persistent search of guilty represents a form of psychological defense against the unbearable feeling of their own guilt towards died children. The universal (non-conditioned by ethnic or cultural factors) character of described phenomena was emphasized. It was marked that the social conflict (named by author as indigenous) deteriorates the social and economic consequences of disaster.Conclusions:The indigenous conflict tends to persistence and passes the certain phases, final of which is characterized by a high level of neurotic diseases in the opulation and migration of an efficient part of the population.
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Stukalo, Nataliia, and Anastasiia Simakhova. "Social and economic effects of the war conflict in Ukraine for Europe." Geopolitics under Globalization 2, no. 1 (June 19, 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/gg.02(1).2018.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The war conflict in the East Ukraine impacts the geopolitical security and stability of Europe and other countries of the world. So, there are the global effects of the war conflict in Ukraine. And the instability in Ukraine has its social consequences that influences the European development. The aim of the article is to identify and elaborate social effects of the war conflict in Ukraine and to get understanding of its influence on European stability, on position of Ukraine on European arena. The article has been prepared by using such methods as: analysis of Ukrainian and European research papers, comparison and generalization of the facts about war conflict in Ukraine. In the article social consequences of the war conflict in Ukraine, such as migration, unemployment, crime growth, decreasing of population and others have been studied. It has been described that social dimension of the war conflict in Ukraine has its influence on European stability and geopolitical situation, especially Ukrainian migration. At the end of the article the authors present the conclusions and the mechanism for solving the war conflict situation in Ukraine. Also, Ukraine needs an integrated approach in order to solve all economic and social problems in the country. Only integrated approach will allow to use available Ukrainian resources and advanced European experience to provide economic and social stability of the country.
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Więckowski, Marek. "Od barier i izolacji do sieci i przestrzeni transgranicznej – konceptualizacja cyklu funkcjonowania granic państwowych = From barriers and isolation to transboundary space and networks – conceptualising ways in which state borders function." Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 4 (2019): 443–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2019.4.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Political boundaries represent a universal phenomenon and key element by which social and economic phenomena existing across space are structured. But both the presence and the nature (role, function, etc.) of borders are seen to vary temporally and spatially, with differentiated attendant consequences for socio-economic development. The present article relates to state borders, which separate certain areas off from others, while at the same time constituting meeting points and points of contact between them. While this would hold true whether we perceive the said borders as lines, areas or zones, the modern-day approach to borders is a multi-dimensional one that treats them as socio-spatial constructs revealing and articulating differentiation that truly exists. It is possible to note two opposing cause-and-effect processes here. On the one hand, there are different divisions and boundaries between many socio-economic and even natural phenomena that sanction the existence and locations of borders; while on the other the very existence of state borders establishes or reinforces the existence of other, new divisions that can be regarded as boundaries (even as they are not now necessarily state borders as such). I trust that this argumentation helps capture the essence of the geography present in considerations of boundaries and borders; as well as its changing but ever-important role, while at the same time generating opportunities for further research, and for the ongoing observation of the diverse processes linking up with the existence of borders. Variability and change of function would seem to offer a key to the understanding of the significances of borders and the influences they exert, as regards the border landscape, neighbourly (international) relations and phenomena of a socio-economic nature. In that light, four functions for borders are in fact proposed here – as barriers, peripheries, lines of differentiation and axes of integration. Each change has knock-on implications for transformations of function in regard to both borders as such and the areas adjacent to them. Thus, by making assumptions as to the fundamental aspects characterising variations in the nature of borders, it has been possible here to come up with proposals regarding the consequences these will bring with them. And even as a process whereby a border opens up is underway and integration is ensuing, it is still possible that change as a whole will falter or even stall, should issues arise locally (e.g. through conflict or other negative events), nationally (e.g. through unilateral or bilateral severing of agreements), or globally (e.g. thanks to external threat, a desire to protect domestic markets or a migration crisis). For these reasons, geopolitical considerations will always reign supreme over other borderland phenomena, determining directions of development and possibilities for borders (and adjacent areas) to function. In that light, this article stresses the still-relevant need for borders, borderlands and relevant ongoing processes to be made subject to theoretical conceptualisation and processing. And this would be true as regards, not only the spatial extent or scope of borderland areas, but also the changing conditioning, consequences and actions. In this, a challenge that continues to be present entails the founding of theoretical concepts for the borderland that draw on selected paradigms and stress the role and importance of border and borderland geography, along with its key subjects of interest. And, where the study of borders being pursued in Poland is concerned, it needs to be hoped that a new trajectory may be found and followed, with each conceptualisation exerting a summarising or theorising impact proving of value as form is given to a full new theory for the development of borders and borderlands in Poland and its neighbouring countries, with account taken, not merely of recent decades, but of a much longer time period.
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Lajic, Ivan, and Mario Bara. "Effects of the war in Croatia 1991-1995 on changes in the share of ethnic Serbs in the ethnic composition of Slavonia." Stanovnistvo 48, no. 1 (2010): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1001049l.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this paper are the ethno-demographical changes in the area of Slavonia during the last decade of the twentieth century. Focus is primarily turned to negative influences (direct and indirect) of socio-political changes on the mechanical movement of population. Especially, the influence of war on the movement of Serbian and Slavonic population in general is apostrophized. Leading hypothesis is that the peaceful reintegration of East Slavonia, Srem and Baranja caused less demographic shifts then the military operation 'Flash' in West Slavonia. Used methodology consists of statistical analysis and interpretation of data collected from censuses and other secondary publications that featured data relevant to the subject of this research. The authors show the afore mentioned changes in ethnic composition of the population on several different levels (city level, municipality level and county level) following the modern day administrative distribution of counties in the Republic of Croatia to ensure comparability of two most recent population censuses (1991 - 2001). Contemporary demographic structure of Slavonia is formed by inherited negative trends in population movements from previous periods in history and a considerably strong mechanical drain of autochthonous population and the influx of new one from neighboring countries in the 1990s. Political and territorial changes as well as war conflicts that followed the collapse of the Yugoslav Federation carried with them clear characteristics of ethnic conflict, making the consequences particularly noticeable through selective war mortality, forced and impelled migrations and changes in the ethnic composition of certain areas. Population census in 2001. registered the absolute and relative decrease in population of Serbian nationality in Slavonia, or to be more accurate decrease of the population of Serbian nationality from 167,094 or 17.1% of the total population in 1991, to 78,085 or 8.8% in 2001. It can be concluded that the impaired sex-age structure of the Serbian population, along with the absence of a larger number of returnees of a younger fertile demographical profile from surrounding countries, predominantly from Serbia, will further influence the demographic aging of the observed populations, and therefore the decline of their share in certain areas along with increased ethnic homogenization of parts of Slavonia, i.e. Croatia. Somewhat more favorable demographic structure of the Serbian population is kept in Eastern Slavonia, where there were no mass emigrations. .
Дисертації з теми "Conflict-generating consequences of migrations"
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Кукса, Каріна Миколаївна. "Конфліктогенні наслідки міграційних процесів в Україні". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/43125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
У роботі виявлені основні теоретичні підходи до явища «міграція», визначено основні поняття, категорії та види міграцій. Розглянуто історичне підґрунтя даного явища. Окреслено стан міграційних процесів в сучасній Україні, з урахуванням найсвіжіших статистичних даних з цього напрямку. Виявлено основні конфліктогенні наслідки міграцій для України, а саме демографічні, соціокультурні, соціальні та економічні. Проведено кількісне соціологічне дослідження на тему: «Ставлення українців до міграційних процесів та їх наслідків».The main theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of "migration", the basic concepts, categories and types of migrations are revealed in the work. The historical basis of this phenomenon is considered. Taking into account the latest statistical data in this area the state of migration processes in modern Ukraine is outlined. The main conflict-generating consequences of migration for Ukraine have been identified as demographic, socio-cultural, social and economic. A quantitative sociological study was conducted on the topic "Attitudes of Ukrainians to migration processes and their consequences."
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Johnstone, Julia. "Consequences of ethnic conflict : explaining refugee movements in the Southeast Asia/Pacific Region /." Saarbrücken, Germany : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20060830.124838.
Повний текст джерела
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Johnstone, Julie. "Consequences of ethnic conflict : explaining refugee movements in the Southeast Asia/Pacific Region : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science in the University of Canterbury /." 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20060830.124838.
Повний текст джерела
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Kemirere, Babugura Fidelis. "The impact of forced migration on women in northern Uganda." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1947.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research was to analyse the impact of forced migration on women and
development in northern Uganda. The armed conflict in northern Uganda, which started in 1986,
led to gross violations of human rights against women forcing them to flee their homes and ftnd
refuge in overcrowded resettlement camps. The main objective of the study was to critically
analyse the causes of displacement and the experiences of internally displaced women so as to
contribute to available knowledge on women and development Qualitative and feminist research
techniques were carried out in Erute Camp located in Lira Municipality among intemally
displaced women, using observation and interviews. The findings reveal that forced migration
was caused by the armed conflict between the LRA rebels and the government solders. The
conflict destroyed in:frastructw·e and socio-economic service delivery systems. This consequently
par·alysed the northern Uganda's development as many civilians were forced to abandon their
homesteads due to traumatic experiences of killings, torture and abductions. This resulted in
human disintegration and the collapse of economic and social development in the region that was
based on agriculture. The prolonged insecurity disrupted education, health, communication and
commercial activities resulting in absolute poverty and underdevelopment Despite effo11s by
government and some humanitarian agencies to provide the needs of the affected civilians, peace
and reconciliation seems to be hard to achieve. Insecurity continues to spread making normal life,
relief and economic activities impossible. Due to lack of effective implementation, coordination
and monitoring of programmes, the situation poses great challenges to government and
international h\Unanitarian agencies present such as: WFP, UNHCR, WHO, World Bank and
others. Therefore, forced migration has a significant impact on women's social, economic,
cultural and environmental development. However, a positive impact regar·ding women's
empowe1ment and gender equality due to changed roles was eminent. I conclude by
recommending that the stakeholders need to increase the capacity to restore peace. There is need
to coordinate the development projects and programmes through increased flexibility and
transparency. However, the need to involve women in the reconciliation and reconstruction
processes to restore peace in northern Uganda is vitalDevelopment Studies
D. Litt. et Phil.
Книги з теми "Conflict-generating consequences of migrations"
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Hovil, Lucy. Conflict, Displacement, and Refugees. Edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the treatment of gender within the forced migration context. It addresses the gendered harms that occur through displacement and the gendered consequences for individuals, families and communities of displacement. It critiques the international community’s response to entrenched gender problems when responding to the plight of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), and addresses the marginalization of gender as a relevant framework of analysis and practice for refugees and IDP’s. It shows the strengths as well as the fundamental flaws of existing gender analyses in refugee policy. The chapter suggests that a more comprehensive gender-sensitive approach can shift the paradigm of refugee protection more broadly, leading to greater protection for men and women fleeing persecution.
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Kugler, Tadeusz, and Jacek Kugler. Political Demography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Political demography is a disciplinary field devoted to the study of population size, composition, and distribution in relation to both government and politics. The focus is on the political consequences of population change, especially the effects of population change on the demands made upon governments, on the performance of governments, on the distribution of political power within states, and on the distribution of national power among states. Political demography is concerned not only with the facts and figures of population—that is, fertility, mortality, and migration rates—but also with the knowledge and attitudes that people and their governments have toward population issues. Unfortunately, these issues have not generated adequate interest among both demographers and political scientists, not to mention economists and researchers in general. This is because political demography lies uncomfortably at the boundary between demography and political science. Political demography deserves serious and thoughtful scholarly attention because many, if not most, of the central policy concerns can be approached directly from the population perspective, including the key dimensions of population dynamics such as politics of size, fertility rates, life expectancy and the outcomes of success, race, war, migration and migration impact on the size and structure of populations, and population density. These core population characteristics can be related to many other attributes ranging from urbanization and mortality to gender, religion, education, productivity, health, and conflict. These characteristics are, in turn, essential for the analysis of themes like elections, social security, economic convergence, political development, and environmental degradation.
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Pack, Sasha D. The Deepest Border. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503606678.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book presents the history of southern Iberia and the western Maghrib, and the Strait of Gibraltar between them, as a single bicontinental borderland, from roughly 1850 to 1970. Drawing on primary and secondary sources from several countries, it posits a long historical arc of transformation from a remote and hostile religious frontier into a multilaterally managed regional order. By the nineteenth century, the Strait of Gibraltar was becoming a dynamic focus of imperial positioning, migration, brigandage, and exchange. As a consequence, coastal outposts like Tangier, Gibraltar, and Melilla became centers of an emerging bicontinental society bringing together a kaleidoscope of ethno-religious groups. These developments produced conflict but also drew sovereign powers together to confront common challenges, such as controlling epidemic disease, defeating warlords, and managing borders. Thus, over the course of a century, despite periods of considerable violence, an international order gradually emerged in the western Mediterranean. As European empire withdrew in the late twentieth century, the region did not revert to the hostile frontier of earlier times but inherited the legacy of a relatively stable and resilient regional order. Conceptualizing the borderland in this way provides a single transnational framework to explore connections between Mediterranean geopolitics, colonialism, border formation, smuggling and brigandage, and the civil and international violence of the twentieth century. It also addresses the role of mobility in international relations, the dynamics of Muslim-Jewish relations in the context of European empire, and the ongoing controversies over Gibraltar, Ceuta, and Melilla.
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Kozelsky, Mara. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644710.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crimea in War and Transformation is the first book in any language to examine the Crimean War from home front through demobilization, and in so doing it addresses a wide range of historical questions. The book argues that the Crimean War was a transitional conflict, ushering in not just modern technological warfare, but also new population policies characterized by fears of diversity. The war was transformative as well as transitional, as it completely changed Crimea’s population and physical environment. In generating the Great Reforms, it also produced change on an imperial scale. Finally, the book addresses the costs of war, and the fraught process of reconstruction. Areas of interest include military history; demobilization and reconstruction; Russian military-civilian policy; war and society; forced migrations/deportations; Russia’s religious policy; and Russia’s Great Reforms.
Частини книг з теми "Conflict-generating consequences of migrations"
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Crawford, Michael H., Christine Phillips-Krawczak, Kristine G. Beaty, and Noel Boaz. "Migration of Garifuna." In Human Migration, 153–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the causes and consequences of migrations as well as population expansions and reductions of the Garifuna (also known as the Black Caribs), and the Carib and Arawak Native Americans from South America to the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean. In the 1600s, African slaves were brought by the British to the Lesser Antilles and admixed with Indigenous Native Americans to establish the Garifuna populations. British colonial takeover of St. Vincent (called Yurumein by the Garifuna) from the French resulted in conflict over land ownership with the Black Caribs, a war, and the forcible relocation of the Garifuna from St. Vincent to Baliceaux Island, Bay Islands, and eventually to the coast of Central America-- Honduras. From two founding communities established near Trujillo, Honduras, the Garifuna populations expanded through fission to form 54 villages distributed along the coast of Central America from Belize to Nicaragua. The evolutionary consequences of these migrations included an exceptional fertility in the founding populations, high genetic variability in some communities due to admixture between Native American and African populations, and resistance to malaria due to genes brought by the parental populations. The Garifuna provide an evolutionary success story driven by their unique history of migrations and genetic ancestry.
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"Nine. Conclusion: Trends and Consequences." In Sons of the Soil: Migration and Ethnic Conflict in India, 349–72. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400871711-011.
Повний текст джерела
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Idoko, Festus Ogu. "Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration in a Globalized Post-Colonial Nigeria." In Examining the Social and Economic Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration, 64–82. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7615-0.ch004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tonic for society's development from time immemorial has been sociality. As society evolved, men and women inevitably enter into relationships independent and indispensable to their needs. More often than not this relationship is fueled by culture, tradition, history, as well as economic considerations. Thus, the problem this chapter grapples with (in the drama of J. P. Clark) is the causative factors of the migration coupled with the social and economic impacts thereof. This discourse further examines the intrigues of equality and the resultant conflict that induced the migration of the wives in protest as well as the implications for the larger society. The findings include the fact that the consequences of such conflict induced migration are as dire as what induced it in the first instance. In conclusion, the discourse recommends that that there is the urgent need to address conflict-induced migration in vulnerable societies before they snowball into issues of migration.
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Sudan, Falendra Kumar. "Social and Economic Consequences of Violent Armed Conflicts." In Examining the Social and Economic Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration, 12–54. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7615-0.ch002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ongoing violent armed conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has resulted in the displacement of thousands of non-Kashmiri households since early 1998. Displacement increases the pressures on young children to work, possibly at the expense of their schooling, and also leads to under-nourishment and malnutrition, which has caused poor physical growth, inability to learn, and poor work performance. The “care and maintenance” assistance and aid received by displaced families was completely undependable, erratic, and inadequate, and given the opportunity, they would like to move out from the camp as quickly as possible. The displaced children have special vulnerabilities and require additional care and protection from disease, hunger, malnutrition, and abuse. There is urgent need to meet the physical needs of displaced families such as water, sanitation, healthcare, shelter, and psycho-social assistance. Education, including literacy training, primary, secondary, tertiary, vocational, life skills, informal, and other age-specific educational opportunities, is needed for young children.
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"Understanding Linkages." In Untapped Power, edited by Carla Koppell, 376–94. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197611609.003.0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Violence is a sign of instability and social fragmentation, with dramatic consequences for economic and social well-being and stability. Though it rages in many societies, its import and impact are underappreciated. Gender-based violence, for example, is a global epidemic in times of peace and war. In certain “peaceful” nations, deaths from violence exceed those of countries in conflict. Violence also spurs displacement and migration. This chapter makes a case for a gendered understanding of multiple forms of violence. It discusses how violence—in war or conflict as well as in non-conflict settings—is tied to power structures, masculinities, and young men’s identities, and how those dynamics shape the differential impact of conflict on females, males, and individuals of other gender identities. The chapter reflects on the implications of what a masculinities lens implies for programs and policies focusing on urban violence prevention as well as post-conflict recovery. Given the authors’ extensive experience in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the chapter analyzes those contexts in greater depth.
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Olubodun, Oluyemi Joshua, and Peter Olorunleke Oye. "Library." In Examining the Social and Economic Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration, 55–63. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7615-0.ch003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter is a conceptual establishment of the intrinsic potential of the library as a platform and mechanism for conflict prevention, resolution, peace-building, and sustainable wellbeing in society. Relying on evidence-based statistics, the chapter highlighted the rising tide of conflicts around the world, causes, consequences, and solutions. Latching on empirical studies, the chapter established the inherent propensity of the library as an information dissemination agency imbued with constructive skills to deliver desired attitude for peace in societies. The chapter suggested that the library's unique potentials should be strengthened so that it can better provide relevant services to people for a better and peaceful society.
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Khosla, Rajat, Sandra Krause, and Mihoko Tanabe. "Addressing the rights of women in conflict and humanitarian settings." In The Health of Refugees, 153–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814733.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Sustainable Development Goals commit to an international development agenda based on the fundamental principle of leaving no one behind. However, the global convergence between conflict, crisis, migration, poverty, and young populations is driving serious health and human rights consequences for those living in humanitarian settings, especially for sexual and reproductive health and rights. Despite marked progress in the policy sphere over the past quarter-century, with high-level recognition of sexual and reproductive health risks as well as the need to address these concerns, gaps remain in availability, funding, equitable access to and quality of services, and realization of these rights. A common agenda is needed that promotes a rights-based, participatory, empowering approach; strengthens the evidence base for effective interventions; and promotes continued advocacy and leadership. A transformative leadership agenda is vital if women and girls everywhere are to realize their health and well-being.
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Tsaku, Hussaini Umaru. "Theatre and Leadership Crises." In Examining the Social and Economic Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration, 1–11. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7615-0.ch001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One major crisis that has hit this country in the face for a long time is the Niger Delta crisis. The environmental degradation in the Niger Delta, poverty, unemployment, among others have become recurrent decimals and issues of serious concern to scholars, organizations, interest groups, and spirited individuals over the years. These issues have led to the emergence of violent crises with their attendant consequences on human life and the environment. Hence, the chapter focuses on the Niger Delta crises. It tries to analyze the socio-political and economic problems that have characterized the region over the years. It discusses the challenges and paradoxes of leadership in Nigeria's democratic space and how they have contributed negatively in fueling the crisis in the Niger Delta region of the country.
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Blobaum, Robert. "Introduction." In A Minor Apocalypse. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501705236.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This introductory chapter provides an overview of Warsaw during the Great War. Warsaw entered the war not as a capital city but as the third city of the Russian Empire. In the war's first year, Warsaw witnessed massive shifts in population as a consequence of mobilization, evacuations, deportations, and male labor out-migration on the one hand, and the arrival of refugees and wounded soldiers in the other. By the second winter of the war, the city experienced rapidly escalating incidences of starvation, disease, death, and conflict over the increasingly scarce resources necessary to sustain human life. The chapter then compares Warsaw's experience of the Great War to that of the Second World War.
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Loescher, Gil. "3. Causes of refugee movements." In Refugees: A Very Short Introduction, 42–53. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811787.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the causes of refugee movements. The majority of mass movements today are caused by internal conflicts, and ethnic cleansing, genocide, and politicide; religious, cultural, and ethnic intolerance; socio-economic inequalities; and increasingly by conflict-induced famine, mass starvation, and climate change. As a consequence, there has been a proliferation of complex emergencies that combine internal conflicts with large-scale displacement of people. Until the international community is able to effectively address these root causes, forced displacement will remain a common feature of world affairs. It is thus critical to ensure that international responses to forced migration also lay the foundation for refugees to find a solution to their plight.
Звіти організацій з теми "Conflict-generating consequences of migrations"
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.