Статті в журналах: "Conducting Polymer Nanotubes"

1

Rivière, Pauline, Tiina E. Nypelö, Michael Obersriebnig, Henry Bock, Marcus Müller, Norbert Mundigler, and Rupert Wimmer. "Unmodified multi-wall carbon nanotubes in polylactic acid for electrically conductive injection-moulded composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 12 (May 23, 2016): 1615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716649651.

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Tailoring the properties of natural polymers such as electrical conductivity is vital to widen the range of future applications. In this article, the potential of electrically conducting multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polylactic acid (PLA) composites produced by industrially viable melt mixing is assessed simultaneously to MWCNT influence on the composite’s mechanical strength and polymer crystallinity. Atomic force microscopy observations showed that melt mixing achieved an effective distribution and individualization of unmodified nanotubes within the polymer matrix. However, as a trade-off of the poor tube/matrix adhesion, the tensile strength was lowered. With 10 wt% MWCNT loading, the tensile strength was 26% lower than for neat PLA. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements indicated that polymer crystallization after injection moulding was nearly unaffected by the presence of nanotubes and remained at 15%. The resulting composites became conductive below 5 wt% loading and reached conductivities of 51 S m−1 at 10 wt%, which is comparable with conductivities reported for similar nanocomposites obtained at lab scale.

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2

Zakaria, Mohd Yusuf, Hendra Suherman, Jaafar Sahari, and Abu Bakar Sulong. "Effect of Mixing Parameter on Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Black/Graphite/Epoxy Nanocomposite Using Taguchi Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.68.

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Polymer composite has attracted many researchers from various field of application due to its unique features and properties including light weight, low cost, ease to process and shaping and corrosion resistant [1-3]. Fillers is typically added to enhance the chemical and physical properties of polymers [4, 5]. One of the properties is the electrical conductivity. Carbon based filler such as graphite (G), carbon black (CB), carbon fibers (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been extensively used to improve electrical properties of polymer composite [6-8]. Electrical properties of the composite can be explained from percolation theory which means electrical percolation in mixtures of electrically conducting and non-conducting materials [9]. The concentration of conducting phase must above the critical value called percolation threshold, in order for the material become electrically conductive [10].

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3

Moheimani, Reza, and M. Hasansade. "A closed-form model for estimating the effective thermal conductivities of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 2909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218797967.

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This paper describes a closed-form unit cell micromechanical model for estimating the effective thermal conductivities of unidirectional carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposites. The model incorporates the typically observed misalignment and curvature of carbon nanotubes into the polymer nanocomposites. Also, the interfacial thermal resistance between the carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix is considered in the nanocomposite simulation. The micromechanics model is seen to produce reasonable agreement with available experimental data for the effective thermal conductivities of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different carbon nanotube volume fractions. The results indicate that the thermal conductivities are strongly dependent on the waviness wherein, even a slight change in the carbon nanotube curvature can induce a prominent change in the polymer nanocomposite thermal conducting behavior. In general, the carbon nanotube curvature improves the nanocomposite thermal conductivity in the transverse direction. However, using the straight carbon nanotubes leads to maximum levels of axial thermal conductivities. With the increase in carbon nanotube diameter, an enhancement in nanocomposite transverse thermal conductivity is observed. Also, the results of micromechanical simulation show that it is necessary to form a perfectly bonded interface if the full potential of carbon nanotube reinforcement is to be realized.

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4

Abidian, M. R., D. H. Kim, and D. C. Martin. "Conducting-Polymer Nanotubes for Controlled Drug Release." Advanced Materials 18, no. 4 (February 17, 2006): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501726.

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5

Sa'aya, Nurul Syahirah Nasuha, Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon, Norli Abdullah, and Norhana Abdul Halim. "Morphology Studies of SWCNT Dispersed in Conducting Polymer as Potential Sensing Materials." Solid State Phenomena 317 (May 2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.317.189.

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Novel electronic nanomaterial, the carbon nanotube (CNT) has emerged in many sensor applications as such its state dispersion has considerable importance to ensure the sustainability of its electronic properties. In this paper, we reported a state of art conductivity mapping on nanostructure surface of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), (P3HT) as potential sensing film. This composite is proposed to give selective analyte anchoring across the film as well as improved carrier mobility. The easy solution processing method was chosen to produce non-covalently wrapped conducting polymer onto the surface of SWCNT. We successfully observed high resolution images of the SWCNT walls that indicated increase of the thickness due to polymer wrapping. The image obtained from conductivity atomic force microscopy (CAFM) show the film’s electrical distribution that correlated with the observed nanostructure of film. Supporting optical characteristics of the nanocomposite obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy discussed the morphology of the polymer wrapping and the state of dispersion of the polymer and the nanotubes. It is hypothesized the filament structures made by P3HT/SWCNT can give better sensing performance due to modification of π-π electronic band of SWCNT.

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6

KIM, CHEOL, and XINYUN LIU. "ELECTROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CARBON NANOTUBES-CONDUCTING POLYMER FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 3727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040271.

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A relationship between strain and applied potential is derived for composite films consisting of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and conductive polymers (CPs). When it is derived, an electrochemical ionic approach is utilized to formulate the electromechanical actuation of the film actuator. This relationship can give us a direct understanding of actuation of the nanoactuator. The results show that the well-aligned SWNTs composite actuator can give good actuation responses and high actuating forces available. The actuation is found to be affected by both SWNTs and CPs components and the actuation of SWNTs component has two kinds of influences on that of the CPs component: reinforcement at the positive voltage and abatement at the negative voltage. Optimizations of SWNTs-CPs composite actuator may be achieved by using well-aligned nanotubes as well as choosing suitable electrolyte and an input voltage range.

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7

Liu, Yang, John H. Xin, Xinyu Zhang, and Chao Zhang. "Morphological Evolvement of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Using Conducting Polymer Nanofibers." International Journal of Polymer Science 2020 (March 2, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4953652.

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Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by using a nanostructured conducting polymer—the polypyrrole nanofiber via microwave radiation. The radiation time was set to be 30, 60, and 90 seconds, respectively. The morphological evolvements of the as-synthesized carbon nanotubes with increased radiation time (e.g., shape, diameter, wall structure, and catalyst size) were carefully investigated, and the possible growth mode was discussed in detail. It was found that the growth mode of the carbon nanotubes synthesized from the conducting polymer substrate under microwave radiation was complex and cannot be simply interpreted by either a “tip” or “base” growth model. A new growth mode of the “liquifying cascade growth” was observed for the as-synthesized carbon nanotubes, as their growth was directed by a series of liquified iron nanoparticles with sequentially decreasing sizes, similar to the cascade of liquid droplets. And it could provide useful insights for the morphological and structural designs of the carbon nanotubes prepared by related microwave-based methods.

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8

Biswas, Sourav, Tanyaradzwa S. Muzata, Beate Krause, Piotr Rzeczkowski, Petra Pötschke, and Suryasarathi Bose. "Does the Type of Polymer and Carbon Nanotube Structure Control the Electromagnetic Shielding in Melt-Mixed Polymer Nanocomposites?" Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4010009.

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A suitable polymer matrix and well dispersed conducting fillers forming an electrically conducting network are the prime requisites for modern age electromagnetic shield designing. An effective polymer-based shield material is designed that can attenuate 99.9% of incident electromagnetic (EM) radiation at a minimum thickness of <0.5 mm. This is accomplished by the choice of a suitable partially crystalline polymer matrix while comparing non-polar polypropylene (PP) with polar polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a best suited filler nanomaterial by comparing different types of carbon nanotubes such as; branched, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which were added in only 2 wt %. Different types of interactions (polar-polar and CH-π and donor-acceptor) make b-MWCNT more dispersible in the PVDF matrix, which together with high crystallinity resulted in the best electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding ability of this composite. This investigation additionally conceals the issues related to the thickness of the shield material just by stacking individual thin nanocomposite layers containing different carbon nanotube (CNT) types with 0.3 mm thickness in a simple manner and finally achieves 99.999% shielding efficiency at just 0.9 mm thickness when using a suitable order of the different PVDF based nanocomposites.

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9

KIM, B. H., D. H. PARK, Y. K. GU, J. JOO, K. G. KIM та J. I. JIN. "ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF π-CONJUGATED POLYMER NANOTUBES AND NANOWIRES". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 13, № 03n04 (грудень 2004): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863504002249.

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Nanotubes and nanowires of π-conjugated polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) were synthesized using Al 2 O 3 nanoporous template through electrochemical polymerization method. From the SEM and TEM photographs, the formation of conducting polymer nanotube (CPNT) and nanowire (CPNW) was confirmed. From FT-IR and UV/Vis absorbance spectra, we observed the effect of doping and de-doping through HF or NaOH dissolving of Al 2 O 3 template. DC conductivity and I–V characteristics as a function of temperature and gate bias were measured for the CPNTs and CPNWs prepared with various synthetic conditions. Magnetic properties were measured through EPR experiments. Based on the results, we compare the intrinsic properties between bulk and nanoscale π-conjugated polymers.

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10

Trchová, Miroslava, and Jaroslav Stejskal. "Polyaniline: The infrared spectroscopy of conducting polymer nanotubes (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 10 (June 10, 2011): 1803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-02-01.

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Polyaniline (PANI), a conducting polymer, was prepared by the oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in various aqueous media. When the polymerization was carried out in the solution of strong (sulfuric) acid, a granular morphology of PANI was obtained. In the solutions of weak (acetic or succinic) acids or in water, PANI nanotubes were produced. The oxidation of aniline under alkaline conditions yielded aniline oligomers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the oxidation products differ. A group of participants from 11 institutions in different countries recorded the FTIR spectra of PANI bases prepared from the samples obtained in the solutions of strong and weak acids and in alkaline medium within the framework of an IUPAC project. The aim of the project was to identify the differences in molecular structure of PANI and aniline oligomers and to relate them to supramolecular morphology, viz. the nanotube formation. The assignment of FTIR bands of aniline oxidation products is reported.

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11

Lund, Anja, Yunyun Wu, Benji Fenech-Salerno, Felice Torrisi, Tricia Breen Carmichael, and Christian Müller. "Conducting materials as building blocks for electronic textiles." MRS Bulletin 46, no. 6 (June 2021): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43577-021-00117-0.

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Abstract To realize the full gamut of functions that are envisaged for electronic textiles (e-textiles) a range of semiconducting, conducting and electrochemically active materials are needed. This article will discuss how metals, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene and MXenes, can be used in concert to create e-textile materials, from fibers and yarns to patterned fabrics. Many of the most promising architectures utilize several classes of materials (e.g., elastic fibers composed of a conducting material and a stretchable polymer, or textile devices constructed with conducting polymers or 2D materials and metal electrodes). While an increasing number of materials and devices display a promising degree of wash and wear resistance, sustainability aspects of e-textiles will require greater attention. Graphical abstract

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12

Kausar, Ayesha, Ishaq Ahmad, and Tingkai Zhao. "Corrosion-Resisting Nanocarbon Nanocomposites for Aerospace Application: An Up-to-Date Account." Applied Nano 4, no. 2 (May 12, 2023): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano4020008.

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The design and necessity of corrosion-resisting nanocarbon nanocomposites have been investigated for cutting-edge aerospace applications. In this regard, nanocarbon nanofillers, especially carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamond, etc. have been used to fill in various polymeric matrices (thermosets, thermoplastics, and conducting polymers) to develop anti-rusting space-related nanocomposites. This review fundamentally emphases the design, anti-corrosion properties, and application of polymer/nanocarbon nanocomposites for the space sector. An electron-conducting network is created in the polymers with nanocarbon dispersion to assist in charge transportation, and thus in the polymers’ corrosion resistance features. The corrosion resistance mechanism depends upon the formation of tortuous diffusion pathways due to nanofiller arrangement in the matrices. Moreover, matrix–nanofiller interactions and interface formation play an important role in enhancing the corrosion protection properties. The anticorrosion nanocomposites were tested for their adhesion, contact angle, and impedance properties, and NaCl tests and scratch tests were carried out. Among the polymers, epoxy was found to be superior corrosion-resisting polymer, relative to the thermoplastic polymers in these nanocomposites. Among the carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamond, the carbon nanotube with a loading of up to 7 wt.% in the epoxy matrix was desirable for corrosion resistance. On the other hand, graphene contents of up to 1 wt.% and nanodiamond contents of 0.2–0.4 wt.% were desirable to enhance the corrosion resistance of the epoxy matrix. The impedance, anticorrosion, and adhesion properties of epoxy nanocomposites were found to be better than those of the thermoplastic materials. Despite the success of nanocarbon nanocomposites in aerospace applications, thorough research efforts are still needed to design high-performance anti-rusting materials to completely replace the use of metal components in the aerospace industry.

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13

Oh, Youngseok, Daewoo Suh, Youngjin Kim, Eungsuek Lee, Jee Soo Mok, Jaeboong Choi, and Seunghyun Baik. "Silver-plated carbon nanotubes for silver/conducting polymer composites." Nanotechnology 19, no. 49 (November 19, 2008): 495602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/49/495602.

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14

Fradin, Caroline, Franck Celestini, Frédéric Guittard, and Thierry Darmanin. "Templateless Electrodeposition of Conducting Polymer Nanotubes on Mesh Substrates." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 221, no. 6 (February 18, 2020): 1900529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201900529.

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15

Fradin, Caroline, Franck Celestini, Frédéric Guittard, and Thierry Darmanin. "Templateless Electrodeposition of Conducting Polymer Nanotubes on Mesh Substrates." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 221, no. 6 (March 2020): 2070016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.202070016.

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16

Hu, Fei, Bin Yan, Erhui Ren, Yingchun Gu, Shaojian Lin, Lanlin Ye, Sheng Chen, and Hongbo Zeng. "Constructing spraying-processed complementary smart windows via electrochromic materials with hierarchical nanostructures." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 47 (2019): 14855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc04204k.

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17

Sidhu, Navjot K., Ratheesh R. Thankalekshmi, and A. C. Rastogi. "Solution Processed TiO2 Nanotubular Core with Polypyrrole Conducting Polymer Shell Structures for Supercapacitor Energy Storage Devices." MRS Proceedings 1547 (2013): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.636.

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ABSTRACTOrdered one dimensional polypyrrole conducting polymer structure as a shell over TiO2 nanotube arrays at the core were formed by pulsed current electropolymerization. TiO2 nanotubes with rippled wall structure are designed by action of water in the anodizing medium. This provides open tube structure supporting short diffusion length and increased accessibility of ions involved in redox transition for energy storage. Electrochemical properties evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show specific capacitance of 34-44 mF.cm-2 and extremely low bulk and charge transfer resistances.

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18

Siuzdak, K., M. Szkoda, J. Karczewski, J. Ryl, and A. Lisowska-Oleksiak. "Titania nanotubes infiltrated with the conducting polymer PEDOT modified by Prussian blue – a novel type of organic–inorganic heterojunction characterised with enhanced photoactivity." RSC Advances 6, no. 80 (2016): 76246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15113b.

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19

Foroughi, Javad, Dennis Antiohos, and Gordon G. Wallace. "Effect of post-spinning on the electrical and electrochemical properties of wet spun graphene fibre." RSC Advances 6, no. 52 (2016): 46427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07226g.

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20

Estrany, Francesc, Aureli Calvet, Luis J. del Valle, Jordi Puiggalí, and Carlos Alemán. "A multi-step template-assisted approach for the formation of conducting polymer nanotubes onto conducting polymer films." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 21 (2016): 3540–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00437g.

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21

Ghosh, Srabanti, Suparna Das, and Marta E. G. Mosquera. "Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Fuel Cell Application." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122993.

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Carbon materials such as carbon graphitic structures, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanosheets are extensively used as supports for electrocatalysts in fuel cells. Alternatively, conducting polymers displayed ultrahigh electrical conductivity and high chemical stability havegenerated an intense research interest as catalysts support for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as well as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Moreover, metal or metal oxides catalysts can be immobilized on the pure polymer or the functionalized polymer surface to generate conducting polymer-based nanohybrids (CPNHs) with improved catalytic performance and stability. Metal oxides generally have large surface area and/or porous structures and showed unique synergistic effects with CPs. Therefore, a stable, environmentally friendly bio/electro-catalyst can be obtained with CPNHs along with better catalytic activity and enhanced electron-transfer rate. The mass activity of Pd/polypyrrole (PPy) CPNHs as an anode material for ethanol oxidation is 7.5 and 78 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C and bulk Pd/PPy. The Pd rich multimetallic alloys incorporated on PPy nanofibers exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity which is approximately 5.5 times higher than monometallic counter parts. Similarly, binary and ternary Pt-rich electrocatalysts demonstrated superior catalytic activity for the methanol oxidation, and the catalytic activity of Pt24Pd26Au50/PPy significantly improved up to 12.5 A per mg Pt, which is approximately15 times higher than commercial Pt/C (0.85 A per mg Pt). The recent progress on CPNH materials as anode/cathode and membranes for fuel cell has been systematically reviewed, with detailed understandings into the characteristics, modifications, and performances of the electrode materials.

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22

Giri, Jyoti, and Rameshwar Adhikari. "A brief review on preparation and application of MWCNT-based polymer nanocomposites." BIBECHANA 20, no. 1 (April 5, 2023): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v20i1.53724.

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Technological advancementalways seeks new materials with improved functional properties, particularly for smart applications. In this regard, nanotechnology is offering today wide range of novel material designs fabricated by compounding nanofillers into the polymer matrix. Different allotropic forms of carbon can reinforce the properties of polymers for various applications. Reinforcement depends on the dimension, shape, size and compatibility of the nanofiller with the polymer matrix. Chemical modification of filler surfaces and the matrix can selectively localize the filler in the hybrid composites in the desired phase or at the interface by melt mixing or solution casting method, during compounding procedure. In this regard, the conducting nature of the additioin of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a polymer matrix fosters the conductivity into the materials. Such nanocomposites can be used for numerous applications such as conducting materials, super-capacitors, light emitting devices, medical purposes etc,. This review paper focuses on different methods of preparation of MWCNT/polymer nanocomposites, their surface properties, and microbial properties etc,.

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23

Siuzdak, Katarzyna, Mariusz Szkoda, Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak, Jakub Karczewski, and Jacek Ryl. "Highly stable organic–inorganic junction composed of hydrogenated titania nanotubes infiltrated by a conducting polymer." RSC Advances 6, no. 39 (2016): 33101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01986b.

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24

Mamunya, Ye P. "Polymer blends with ordered distribution of conductive filler." Polymer journal 43, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.43.04.240.

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This review highlight approaches to the formation of an ordered distribution of conductive filler in polymer blends. This distribution leads to a significant decrease of the percolation threshold in the polymer mixture, i.e. to a decrease in the critical concentration of the filler, at which the transition of the system from a non-conductive to a conductive state occurs. This improves the mechanical properties of the composition and its processability. It is shown that the ordered structure of the filler is formed in the polymer blend upon mixing the components in the melt under the action of three factors - thermodynamic (the ratio between the values of the interfacial tension of the filler-polymer A and filler-polymer B, as well as between polymers A and B), kinetic (the ratio between viscosities of polymer components A and B) and technological (the intensity and temperature of processing, as well as the order of introduction of a filler into a heterogeneous polymer matrix, which can enhance or suppress the effect of thermodynamic or kinetic factors). On the example of the works performed by the author on mixtures of thermoplastics filled with electrically conductive carbon fillers such as carbon black and carbon nanotubes, as well as a metal filler - dispersed iron, with the involvement of literature data on filled polymer blends, the influence of each of the factors on the formation of an ordered structure of the conducting phase in polymer blends is shown.

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25

Yun-Ze, Long, Yin Zhi-Hua, Li Meng-Meng, Gu Chang-Zhi, Duvail Jean-Luc, Jin Ai-Zi, and Wan Mei-Xiang. "Current-voltage characteristics of individual conducting polymer nanotubes and nanowires." Chinese Physics B 18, no. 6 (June 2009): 2514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/18/6/066.

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26

Kwon, Oh Seok, Seon Joo Park, Jun Seop Lee, Eunyu Park, Taejoon Kim, Hyun-Woo Park, Sun Ah You, Hyeonseok Yoon, and Jyongsik Jang. "Multidimensional Conducting Polymer Nanotubes for Ultrasensitive Chemical Nerve Agent Sensing." Nano Letters 12, no. 6 (May 2, 2012): 2797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl204587t.

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27

Siuzdak, Katarzyna, Mariusz Szkoda, Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak, Jakub Karczewski, and Jacek Ryl. "Correction: Highly stable organic–inorganic junction composed of hydrogenated titania nanotubes infiltrated by a conducting polymer." RSC Advances 7, no. 21 (2017): 12737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra90029e.

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28

Słoma, Marcin, Maciej Andrzej Głód, and Bartłomiej Wałpuski. "Printed Flexible Thermoelectric Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154122.

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A new era of composite organic materials, nanomaterials, and printed electronics is emerging to the applications of thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Special attention is focused on carbon nanomaterials and conducting polymers, and the possibility to form pastes and inks for various low-cost deposition techniques. In this work, we present a novel approach to the processing of composite materials for screen-printing based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI), supported with a dielectric polymer vehicle. Three different types of such tailor-made materials were prepared, with a functional phase consisted of carbon nanotubes and polyaniline composites fabricated with two methods: dry mixing of PANI CNT powders and in situ polymerisation of PANI with CNT. These materials were printed on flexible polymer substrates, exhibiting outstanding mechanical properties. The best parameters obtained for elaborated materials were σ=405.45 S·m−1, S=15.4 μV·K−1, and PF=85.2 nW·m−1K−2, respectively.

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29

Mouecoucou, Raymonde, Leïla Bonnaud, and Philippe Dubois. "Negative Capacitance in Nanocomposite Based on High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 9, 2023): 4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16144901.

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Negative capacitance (NC), already observed in conducting polymer-based nanocomposites, was recently reported and evidenced at low frequencies (<10 kHz) in non-conducting polymer-based nanocomposites containing conductive particles. In this contribution, we demonstrate that it is possible to produce economic high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites exhibiting an NC effect at low frequencies via a convenient and environmentally friendly extrusion-like process by only adjusting the duration of melt-mixing. Nanocomposite materials are produced by confining a limited quantity, i.e., 4.6 wt.%, of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within semi-crystalline HDPE to reach the percolation threshold. With increasing melt processing time, crystallites of HDPE developing at the surface of CNTs become bigger and perturbate the connections between CNTs leading to a dramatic change in the electrical behavior of the systems. More specifically, the link between NC and current oscillations is stressed while the dependence of NC with the size of polymer crystallites is evidenced. NC tends to appear when space charge effects take place in HDPE/MWCNT interfaces, in structures with convenient crystallite sizes corresponding to 10 min of melt-mixing.

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30

Choi, Soon-Mo, Eun-Joo Shin, Sun-Mi Zo, Kummara-Madhusudana Rao, Yong-Joo Seok, So-Yeon Won, and Sung-Soo Han. "Revised Manuscript with Corrections: Polyurethane-Based Conductive Composites: From Synthesis to Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041938.

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The purpose of this review article is to outline the extended applications of polyurethane (PU)-based nanocomposites incorporated with conductive polymeric particles as well as to condense an outline on the chemistry and fabrication of polyurethanes (PUs). Additionally, we discuss related research trends of PU-based conducting materials for EMI shielding, sensors, coating, films, and foams, in particular those from the past 10 years. PU is generally an electrical insulator and behaves as a dielectric material. The electrical conductivity of PU is imparted by the addition of metal nanoparticles, and increases with the enhancing aspect ratio and ordering in structure, as happens in the case of conducting polymer fibrils or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Nanocomposites with good electrical conductivity exhibit noticeable changes based on the remarkable electric properties of nanomaterials such as graphene, RGO, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Recently, conducting polymers, including PANI, PPY, PTh, and their derivatives, have been popularly engaged as incorporated fillers into PU substrates. This review also discusses additional challenges and future-oriented perspectives combined with here-and-now practicableness.

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31

Yoo, Dohyuk, Jeonghun Kim, Seung Hwan Lee, Wonseok Cho, Hyang Hee Choi, Felix Sunjoo Kim, and Jung Hyun Kim. "Effects of one- and two-dimensional carbon hybridization of PEDOT:PSS on the power factor of polymer thermoelectric energy conversion devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 12 (2015): 6526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta06710j.

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32

K Manjula, K. Manjula, and V. John Reddy. "Na+ Ion Conducting Nano-Composite Solid Polymer Electrolyte – Application to Electrochemical Cell." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 1204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380515.

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Various concentrations of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MCNT) fillers dispersed PVDF- HFP: NaClO4 nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPE) were prepared by solution casting technique. The dispersion of MCNT nano fillers raised the accessibility of more ions for attaining the highest conductivity. Electrical conductivity, Ohmic resistance (RΩ), Polarisation resistanace (Rp), and Warburg impedance (W) were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which revealed ion transport mechanics in the polymer electrolytes. The best ionic conductivity is found to be 8.46 × 10-3 Scm-1 for the 7 wt.% dispersed MCNT Nanocomposite Solid Polymer electrolyte among all polymer electrolyte samples. Electrochemical cell was made by PVDF-HFP:NaClO4 : MCNT polymer electrolyte and exhibited 1.95 V open circuit voltage and 2.5 mA short circuit current, respectively.

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33

Koshikawa, Yusuke, Ryo Miyashita, Takuya Yonehara, Kyoka Komaba, Reiji Kumai, and Hiromasa Goto. "Conducting Polymer Metallic Emerald: Magnetic Measurements of Nanocarbons/Polyaniline and Preparation of Plastic Composites." C 8, no. 4 (November 4, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c8040060.

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Synthesis of polyaniline in the presence of fullerene nanotubes (nanocarbons) in water was carried out with oxidative polymerization. The surface of the sample showed metallic emerald green color in bulk like the brilliance of encrusted gemstones. The composite showed unique magnetic behavior, such as microwave power-dependent magnetic resonance as magnetic spin behavior and macroscopic paramagnetism with a maximum χ value at room temperature evaluated with superconductor interference device. Surface structure of the composite was observed with optical microscopy, circular polarized differential interference contrast optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe micro analyzer. Polymer blends consisting of polyaniline, nano-carbons, and hydroxypropylcellulose or acryl resin with both conducting polymer and carbon characters were prepared, which can be applied for electrical conducting plastics. The combination of conducting polymer and nano-carbon materials can produce new electro-magneto-active soft materials by forming a composite. This paper reports evaluation of magnetic properties as a new point of nanocarbon and conducting polymer composite.

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34

Xu, Kaiqi, Athanasios Chatzitakis, and Truls Norby. "Solid-state photoelectrochemical cell with TiO2 nanotubes for water splitting." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 16, no. 1 (2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6pp00217j.

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35

Siuzdak, K., M. Szkoda, J. Karczewski, J. Ryl, and A. Lisowska-Oleksiak. "Correction: Titania nanotubes infiltrated with the conducting polymer PEDOT modified by Prussian blue – a novel type of organic–inorganic heterojunction characterised with enhanced photoactivity." RSC Advances 7, no. 21 (2017): 12976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra90030a.

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Correction for ‘Titania nanotubes infiltrated with the conducting polymer PEDOT modified by Prussian blue – a novel type of organic–inorganic heterojunction characterised with enhanced photoactivity’ by K. Siuzdak et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 76246–76250.

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36

Kim, Jeonghwan, Sang Woo Kim, Hongseok Yun, and Bumjoon J. Kim. "Impact of size control of graphene oxide nanosheets for enhancing electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube–polymer composites." RSC Advances 7, no. 48 (2017): 30221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04015f.

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The size effects of GOs on the dispersion behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were evaluated, and the GOs were exploited to develop conducting film and polymer-CNT composites with excellent electrical and mechanical properties.

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37

Oh, Jihyeon, Dong-Young Kim, Hyunwoo Kim, Oh-Nyoung Hur, and Sung-Hoon Park. "Comparative Study of Carbon Nanotube Composites as Capacitive and Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors under Varying Conditions." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 7637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217637.

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Conducting polymer composites consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a conductive filler and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a polymer matrix were fabricated to investigate their capacitive and piezoresistive effects as pressure sensors. The pressure-sensing behavior and mechanism of the composites were compared in terms of basic configuration with a parallel plate structure. Various sensing experiments, such as sensitivity, repeatability, hysteresis, and temperature dependence according to the working principle, were conducted with varying filler contents. The hysteresis and repeatability of the pressure-sensing properties were investigated using cyclic tensile tests. In addition, a temperature test was performed at selected temperatures to monitor the change in the resistance/capacitance.

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38

Aghelinejad, Mohammadmehdi, and Siu Leung. "Thermoelectric Nanocomposite Foams Using Non-Conducting Polymers with Hybrid 1D and 2D Nanofillers." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091757.

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A facile processing strategy to fabricate thermoelectric (TE) polymer nanocomposite foams with non-conducting polymers is reported in this study. Multilayered networks of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are deposited on macroporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foam templates using a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique. The open cellular structures of foam templates provide a platform to form segregated 3D networks consisting of one-dimensional (1D) and/or two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanoparticles. Hybrid nanostructures of GnP and MWCNT networks synergistically enhance the material system’s electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the polymer foam substrates possess high porosity to provide ultra-low thermal conductivity without compromising the electrical conductivity of the TE nanocomposites. With an extremely low GnP loading (i.e., ~1.5 vol.%), the macroporous PVDF nanocomposites exhibit a thermoelectric figure-of-merit of ~10−3. To the best of our knowledge, this ZT value is the highest value reported for organic TE materials using non-conducting polymers and MWCNT/GnP nanofillers. The proposed technique represents an industrially viable approach to fabricate organic TE materials with enhanced energy conversion efficiencies. The current study demonstrates the potential to develop light-weight, low-cost, and flexible TE materials for green energy generation.

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39

Fujihara, Hisashi, Shinya Nambu, and Tsukasa Nakahodo. "Synthesis and Properties of Conducting Polymer Nanotubes with Redox-Active Tetrathiafulvalene." HETEROCYCLES 88, no. 2 (2014): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-13-s(s)117.

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40

KUM, M., K. JOSHI, W. CHEN, N. MYUNG, and A. MULCHANDANI. "Biomolecules-carbon nanotubes doped conducting polymer nanocomposites and their sensor application." Talanta 74, no. 3 (December 15, 2007): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.08.047.

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41

Chehata, Nadia, Adnen Ltaief, Rabeb Bkakri, and Abdelaziz Bouazizi. "Optical and electrical properties of conducting polymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes nanocomposites." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 22 (June 2014): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2014.02.010.

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42

Ji, Tengxiao, Yiyu Feng, Mengmeng Qin, and Wei Feng. "Thermal conducting properties of aligned carbon nanotubes and their polymer composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 91 (December 2016): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.10.009.

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43

Bae, Joonwon, and Jyongsik Jang. "Fabrication of carbon nanotubes from conducting polymer precursor as field emitter." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 18, no. 6 (November 2012): 1921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.05.004.

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44

Zhang, Yi, Haoting Niu, Wu Liyun, Nanyang Wang, Tao Xu, Zhengyang Zhou, Yufeng Xie, et al. "Fabrication of thermally conductive polymer composites based on hexagonal boron nitride: recent progresses and prospects." Nano Express 2, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 042002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ac2f09.

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Abstract Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and its nanomaterials are among the most promising candidates for use in thermal management applications because of their high thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and good electric insulation, and when used as the conductive fillers, they enhance the overall properties of polymer composites. In this review, the basic concepts of h-BN are introduced, followed by the synthesis of BN nanotubes and BN nanosheets. Then, various novel methods to fabricate h-BN polymer composites with improved thermally conductive paths are discussed. They can be classified into two categories: dispersion and compatibility reinforced and structure formation. In addition, the thermal conducting mechanisms of h-BN composites are proposed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of aforementioned strategies are summarized.

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45

Bae, Hyoung Bong, Jung Ho Ryu, Bok Soo Byun, Seong Ho Choi, Sang Ho Kim, and Chul Gyun Hwang. "Radiolytic Deposition of Pt-Ru Catalysts on the Conductive Polymer Coated MWNT and their Catalytic Efficiency for CO and MeOH." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1478.

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Pt-Ru@CP-MWNT catalysts were prepared by radiolytic deposition of Pt-Ru nanoparticles on conduction polymer (CP) coated multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) surfce. Three different types of conducting polymers; polypyrrole(PPy), polyaniline(PANI), and polythiophene (PTh), were coated on the MWNTs surface by in situ polymerization. Then Pt-Ru nanoparticles were deposited onto CP-MWNTs composite by the reduction of metal ions using gamma-irradiation to obtain Pt-Ru@CP-MWNT catalysts. The size, morphology and composition of Pt-Ru@CP-MWNT catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM and elemental analysis. The catalytic efficiency of Pt-Ru@CP-MWNT catalyst was examined for CO stripping. Pt-Ru@PPy-MWNT and Pt-Ru@PANI-MWNT electrodes show enhanced activity for electrooxidation of CO and methanol over Pt-Ru@PTh-MWNT catalyst.

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46

Wu, Y., C. H. Liu, H. Huang, and S. S. Fan. "The Carbon Nanotube Based Nanocomposite with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.243.

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We present a prototype of thermal interface material (TIM) by incorporating aligned carbon nanotube arrays (CNA) into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The morphology of CNA was maintained by adopting in-situ injection molding method, and the nanotube-polymer composite film was obtained by curing the PDMS at room temperature. We applied steady-state methods to measure the thermal conductivity of this kind of nanocomposite. Comparing to the pure PDMS, the thermal conductivity of the composite was greatly increased, which can be attributed to the thermal conducting passages formed by vertical aligned carbon nanotubes from one side of the film to the other. We also managed to improve the thermal conducting performance of the composite by evaporating a 1-μm-thick aluminum film on the top of a raw CNA, which serves as a heat current collector to decrease the thermal contact resistance. The experiment results suggest these kinds of composites have broad application prospect for thermal management in the future.

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47

Han, Long, Zhaobo Wang, Jing Hua, and Jieting Geng. "Well-Distributed Polysilsesquioxane-Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Thermal Conductive Insulating Silicone Rubbers." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (August 27, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9115873.

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Despite carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered tremendous research interests for enhancing the electrical and thermal conductivity of polymers, it is still a considerable challenge to achieve the uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix. Herein, inspired by the mussel-inspired chemistry, we adopted the strategy of coating CNTs with polydopamine. And the polysilsesquioxane-modified CNTs (CNTs-PSQ) were obtained based on the click chemistry reaction. The FT-IR, Raman, XRD, and TGA collectively demonstrated the successful modification of PSQ on the surface of CNTs. The incorporation of PSQ could significantly improve the dispersion of CNTs in the silicon rubbers, and a strong interfacial interaction was formed between CNTs-PSQ and silicon rubber matrix, as observed from TEM images of silicon rubber/CNTs-PSQ nanocomposites. Meanwhile, compared with the nanocomposites with neat CNTs, the ones with CNTs-PSQ exhibited simultaneously improved electrical conductivity and insulating performance. This strategy proposed for the preparation of PSQ-modified CNTs provides insights toward highly insulating and thermal conducting polymers.

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48

Niu, Hong Mei. "Conducting Polymer Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Morphological Characteristics and Thermal Stability." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1182.

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Nanocomposites of single-walled carbon nanotubes modified polypyrrole (PPy/SWNTs) were synthesized successfully by in situ oxidative polymerization method in the FeCl3·6H2O solution. The morphological structure, electrical conductivity and thermal stability of the nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, SEM, FTIR and TGA. The PPy/SWNTs were 50-100 nm in diameter of PPy coating uniformly on the surface of the SWNTs. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of covalently interaction between the PPy and the carbon nanotubes. The electrical conductivity of PPy/SWNTs composite and pure PPy were 93 and 8.0×10-3 S/cm, respectively. Meanwhile, the PPy/SWNTs composites possessed higher thermal stability (65.9 wt. % weight loss at 600 °C) compared to pure PPy (81.2 wt. % weight loss at 600°C), the content of SWNTs was 15.3 wt. %.

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Ernould, Bruno, Olivier Bertrand, Andrea Minoia, Roberto Lazzaroni, Alexandru Vlad, and Jean-François Gohy. "Electroactive polymer/carbon nanotube hybrid materials for energy storage synthesized via a “grafting to” approach." RSC Advances 7, no. 28 (2017): 17301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02119d.

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Maity, Arjun, and Suprakas Sinha Ray. "Conducting Nanocomposites of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.268.

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The in situ solid-state polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) at an elevated temperature in the presence of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) leads to the formation of new types of composite materials, the morphology and properties of which were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and electrical property measurements. FTIR spectroscopy and XPS studies confirmed the ability of SWCNTs to initiate the in situ polymerization of NVC monomers. FE-SEM and TEM results showed the coating of the outer surfaces of SWCNTs by the PNVC hompolymer with separation of individual SWCNTs from the bundles. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a moderate improvement in the thermal stability of the nanocomposites at a higher temperature region relative to the base polymer. The electrical conductivity of neat polymer dramatically improved in the presence of SWCNTs. For example, dc electrical conductivity increased from 10–16–10–12 S˙cm–1 for neat PNVC to ∼10–6 S˙cm–1 for nanocomposite containing 9 wt% SWCNTs.

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