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Статті в журналах з теми "Conditions locales de solidification"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

Balint, Stefan, and Agneta M. Balint. "On the Creation of a Stable Drop-Like Static Meniscus, Appropriate for the Growth of a Single Crystal Tube with Prior Specified Inner and Outer Radii." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/348538.

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A theoretical procedure for the creation of a stable drop-like static meniscus, appropriate for the growth of a single crystal tube, with a priori specified inner and outer radius, is presented. The method locates the controllable partpof the pressure difference across the free surface. It consists in a set of calculus, which leads to the determination of the melt column height (between the horizontal crucible melt level and the shaper top level) in function of the pressure of the gas flow (introduced in the furnace for release the heat) in order to obtain the desired meniscus. The procedure is presented in general and is numerically illustrated for InSb tubes. The novelty is the algorithm for the exact determination ofp, which has to be used, the determination of the melt column height, and the evaluation of the effect of shaper radii. The setting of the thermal conditions, which assure that for the obtained static meniscus the solidification conditions are satisfied at the “right” places, is not considered here.

2

Maqsood, Dr Naila. "A Depiction of Indian Muslim Women’s Plight in Culture and Literature Around the Mid-Eighteen Century." Journal of Law & Social Studies 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.04.01.8697.

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This paper locates the Muslim women’s social conditions particularly in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent which largely arose out of two sources; a) evolution of Islam and development of several schools of jurisprudence; b) Muslim’s contact with the Indian culture. Over several centuries, more particularly from the early 13th century onward (by this time, Muslim Turkish rule had been established in India), and the impact of Bhakti movement both on Hindus and Muslims and spread of teachings of Guru Nanak and Bhagat Kabir, Muslims came to adopt many of the Hindu notions and practices. This was in addition to attitudes that came with them by their conversion to Islam. The first part of the paper deals with the effects of Hindu culture regarding status of women on Muslims. The second part of the paper discusses the plight of Muslim women in literature i.e Punjab folk lore of Heer Ranjha. It tries to convey the thoughts on several social customs, particularly emphasizing the various aspects of women’s life. The third part provides the ethnographic evidence which confirms that women, particularly in rural areas, have faced low status and problem connected with rapes, marriages, dowry, and divorces, etc. With solidification of customs, discrimination against a female endures through centuries. As a result, Muslim women were become socially backward, economically susceptible, and politically marginalized segment of society.

3

Turchin, A. N., Dmitry G. Eskin, and Laurens Katgerman. "Unsteady-State Solidification under Forced Flow Conditions." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.991.

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The interaction between flow and progressing solidification front is of great importance, since it occurs in all casting processes. The present paper provides a better understanding of the flow phenomena and associated complex effects on solidification in a rectangular cavity under forced flow conditions, by means of experiments and computer simulations. It is shown that the cavity-driven flow with solidification is determined by several interacting features. The variation in bulk flow velocity and initial superheat dramatically changes the macro- and microstructure, promoting grain refinement, formation of peculiar grain and dendrite morphologies, etc. In particular, twinned feathery grains are found in the structure formed under certain heat and flow conditions during solidification. Some correlations between twinned feathery morphology, flow and solidification parameters are obtained. The effect of flow vortices on progressing solidification front and their effects on structure evolution are analyzed. Finally, the quantitative correlations between microstructure, solidification and flow parameters are established.

4

MOTEGI, Tetsuichi. "Solidification of metals under microgravity conditions." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 41, no. 12 (1991): 858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.41.858.

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5

Sobolev, S. L. "Rapid solidification under local nonequilibrium conditions." Physical Review E 55, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 6845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.55.6845.

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6

Kurz, W., and R. Trivedi. "Eutectic growth under rapid solidification conditions." Metallurgical Transactions A 22, no. 12 (December 1991): 3051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02650266.

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7

Cao, Chongde, Xiaoyu Lu, and Bingbo Wei. "Peritectic solidification under high undercooling conditions." Chinese Science Bulletin 44, no. 14 (July 1999): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02885858.

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8

Lysenko, A. B., G. V. Borisova, O. L. Kravets, and A. A. Lysenko. "Solidification of metals under melt quenching conditions." Physics of Metals and Metallography 106, no. 5 (November 2008): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x0811001x.

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9

Li, Q., D. Li, and B. Qian. "Modelling dendrite evolution under rapid solidification conditions." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 17, no. 6 (December 2004): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404604225022720.

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10

Giovanola, B., and W. Kurz. "Modeling of microsegregation under rapid solidification conditions." Metallurgical Transactions A 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02656445.

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11

PŘikryl, P., F. Vodák, O. Kapičková, J. Drchalová, and R. černý. "A model of solidification under microgravity conditions." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 43, no. 1 (January 1993): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01589585.

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12

Regel, L. L., and O. V. Shumaev. "GaSb directional solidification under high gravity conditions." Journal of Crystal Growth 119, no. 1-2 (April 1992): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(92)90205-w.

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13

Petrova, Anna, Svetlana Yaneva, and Nikolay Stoichev. "Solidification of aluminium alloys in different conditions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2668, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2668/1/012005.

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Abstract The development of modern nanotechnology has influenced the principles, design and characteristics of machines and parts. This applies mostly to materials that are used in the space industry. The first aspect concerns the technologies of synthesis, and the second - the qualities and applications of the materials. To date, a limited number of scientific publications describing the preparation and production of materials in space conditions have been published. This article describes the equipment used during the second Russian-Bulgarian flight. In 1988, in space, on the MIR orbital station, 3 experiments related to materials science were conducted by Bulgarian researchers. One of the experiments is “Structure” led by N. Stoichev (BAS). A multifunctional apparatus “Kristalhizator CSK-1” manufactured in Czechoslovakia was used.

14

Mogeritsch, Johann P., Mehran Abdi, and Andreas Ludwig. "Investigation of Peritectic Solidification Morphologies by Using the Binary Organic Model System TRIS-NPG." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040966.

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Under pure diffusive growth conditions, layered peritectic solidification is possible. In reality, the competitive growth of the primary α-phase and the peritectic β-phase revealed some complex peritectic solidification morphologies due to thermo-solutal convection. The binary organic components Tris-(hydroxylmenthyl) aminomethane-(Neopentylglycol) were used as a model system for metal-like solidification. The transparency of the high-temperature non-faceted phases allows for the studying of the dynamic of the solid/liquid interface that lead to peritectic solidification morphologies. Investigations were carried out by using the Bridgman technic for process conditions where one or both phases solidify in a non-planar manner. Different growth conditions were observed, leeding to competitive peritectic growth morphologies. Additionally, the competitive growth was solved numerically to interpret the observed transparent solidification patterns.

15

Siegel, Ulrich, Heinz-Joachim Spies, and Hans-Joachim Eckstein. "Effect of solidification conditions on the solidification sequence of austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels." Steel Research 57, no. 1 (January 1986): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198600716.

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16

Li, Xiang Ming, and Zi Dong Wang. "Mathematical Model of Unidirectional Solidification with Mushy Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.456.

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The general mathematical formulation under unidirectional solidification with mushy layer is developed. For the steady state of solidification, concentration and temperature fields in the mushy region are given as functions of a solid volume fraction. The nonlinear model of solidification in mushy zone is changed into system of the second order ordinary differential equation with free boundary conditions, which is solved using numerical calculating method. Solid volume fraction at the solid-mush interface is also obtained. For fixed control conditions, mushy layer width of Fe-Ni alloy in unidirectional solidification is predicted.

17

Ma, De Xin, Bin Zhou, and Andreas Bührig-Polaczek. "Investigation of Freckle Formation under Various Solidification Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 278 (July 2011): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.428.

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In the present work the influence of process parameters on freckle formation in superalloy CMSX-4 is demonstrated. A series of experiments were carried out using a laboratory furnace of Bridgman-type in which the temperature gradient G and solidification velocity V can be precisely controlled and individually varied over a wide range. On the etched surface and longitudinal sections of the quenched samples the formation and evolution of freckles were investigated. The initiation position of the freckles within the mushy zone was then determined. Based on the experimental observations a complete diagram was plotted to indicate the probability of freckle occurrence which is related to solidification parameters G and V. In this freckling map the freckle region is delimited by different criteria. Freckles arise only within a certain G/V-range for columnar dendrite growth; otherwise the solidification structure changes into cellular or equiaxed structure, depending on whether G/V-value increases or decreases. In comparison with the well-known freckling map of Copley et al., some new freckle-free regions are proposed. It is interesting to note that the freckle formation is also suppressed at very low cooling rates. In addition, the initiation position of the freckle formation in the mushy region was determined to be less than 2 mm below the dendrite tip of the solidification front.

18

Fan, Zhen Zhong, Yan Cai Xiong, and Yong Jiang Zhou. "The Mechanical Properties Research of Stress Frame Casting under Different Solidification Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1406.

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This paper describes the cast structure study of A357 aluminum alloy stress frame casting under consecutive solidification and simultaneous solidification by test and numerical simulation methods, with the conclusions of tensile tests by using of SEM and EDS analysis, the mechanical properties and fracture morphology were observed both under the cast and T6 heat-treatment state. Intergranular fracture cracks were observed to be the main failure mode in the casting state condition, cracks originated from the tissue defects and continued to proliferate until the tensile specimens were ruptured. Simultaneous solidification can decrease the casting shrinkage and micro-cavity and improve the mechanical properties of the castings. Dimple fracture was the dominated failure mode after T6 heat treatment state, the distribution of some intergranular cracks staggered with dimple fracture can surveyed under the fractography analysis. The superiority of simultaneous solidification was demonstrated by the numerical simulation of China casting CAE.

19

Zadravec, Matej, Primož Ternik, Rebeka Rudolf, and Milan Svetec. "Numerical analysis of rapid solidification of NiTi alloy: Influence of boundary conditions." Anali PAZU 4, no. 2 (June 8, 2022): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/analipazu.4.2.82-88.2014.

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The objective of the present work is to analyze influence of temperature boundary conditions on the solidification process of NiTi alloy. Alloy is taken as an incompressible fluid where the heat is transferred by conduction and convection, including the thermal phase change phenomenon. The last one is modelled by the improvement procedure, so-called enthalpy-porosity formulation, where the liquid-solid mushy zone is treated as a porous zone with porosity equal to the liquid fraction. The numerical model is based on the finite volume method in body fitted coordinates with a SIMPLER scheme to couple the pressure and velocity fields. Simulation presents solidification for two cooling cases on the cylindrical part, where in the first case the adiabatic boundary condition is considered and in the second case the convective cooling over the wall is present. The results are presented for the velocity and temperature field as well as for the NiTi mass fraction during the solidification process. Results shows that velocity and temperature field is strongly affected by the different cooling condition on the cylindrical wall and therefore the solidification process of the alloy. Analysis shows that cooling on the cylindrical part is one of the major parameters for alloy solidification and therefore should not be neglected.

20

Broussolle, Yves. "Le développement des monnaies locales." Gestion & Finances Publiques, no. 5 (September 2019): 04–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/gfp.2019.5.001.

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Les monnaies locales connaissent un grand développement. Elles sont reconnues comme des moyens de paiement complémentaires qui ne sont acceptés par les collectivités locales que sous certaines conditions. Elles s’inscrivent dans des projets économiques et solidaires.

21

Yao, Wen Jing, Feng Jie Zhang, Zhe Lu, Nan Wang, Yeon Gil Jung, and Jeh Yun Lee. "Rapid Solidification and Phase Composition of Gd-16wt%Co Alloy in Laser Melting Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.79.

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Solidification microstructure of Gd-16wt%Co master alloy is characterized by the primary (Gd), CoGd3, and Co7Gd12 dendrites plus (Co3Gd4+Co7Gd12) eutectic. In the laser melting conditions, the rapid solidification of melting pool shows three layers along the radial direction. The size of melting pool decreases with the increase of scanning speed. The dendrites are refined and the eutectic disappears in the pool. Near the top of the pool, the metastable phases and the peritectic reaction are restrained in the rapid solidification conditions.

22

Roth, Benedikt, Wolfgang Wildner, and Dietmar Drummer. "Dynamic Compression Induced Solidification." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020488.

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This study presents a method for the determination of the dynamic pressure-dependent solidification of polycarbonate (PC) during flow using high pressure capillary rheometer (HPC) measurements. In addition, the pressure-dependent solidification was determined by isothermal pressure-volume-temperature (pvT) measurements under static conditions without shear. Independent of the compression velocity, a linear increase of the solidification pressure with temperature could be determined. Furthermore, the results indicate that the relaxation time at a constant temperature and compression rate can increase to such an extent that the material can no longer follow within the time scale specified by the compression rate. Consequently, the flow through the capillary stops at a specific pressure, with higher compression rates resulting in lower solidification pressures. Consequently, in regard to HPC measurements, it could be shown that the evaluation of the pressure via a pressure hole can lead to measurement errors in the limit range. Since the filling process in injection molding usually takes place under such transient conditions, the results are likely to be relevant for modelling the flow processes of thin-walled and microstructures with high aspect ratios.

23

Spinelli, J. E., M. V. Canté, Noé Cheung, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, and Amauri Garcia. "SEM Characterization of Al₃Ni Intermetallics and its Influence on Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Hypoeutectic Al-Ni Alloys." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.465.

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Rod-like Al3Ni intermetallic structures have been widely studied by Bridgman techniques of solidification. However, there is a lack of experiments conducted under unsteady-state solidification conditions. Such conditions are very close to the industrial reality since the thermal solidification variables (tip cooling rate, tip growth rate and thermal gradient) are freely changing as solidification progresses. In this research, Al3Ni structures found in hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys were characterized under transient solidification conditions. Two Al-Ni alloys (1.0 and 5.0 wt%Ni) were directionally solidified. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) micrographs were obtained along the casting length (P). It was possible to observe with adequate magnifications the distribution of rod-like Al3Ni particles along the interdendritic regions. In order to emphasize the examination of morphology and distribution of such particles, the aluminum-rich matrix was dissolved by immersion of the sample in a fluoride acid solution (0.5%HF + 99.5% H2O). The effects of nickel content, dendritic arrangement and Al3Ni distribution on mechanical properties were investigated by tensile tests.

24

Martin, Paul, Gildas Guillemot, Michel Bellet, François Pichot, Nicolas Leriche, Yaasin Mayi, and Charles-André Gandin. "Solidification path for rapid solidification – Application to multicomponent alloys for L-PBF." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1281, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012062.

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Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is seen as a process of interest by aeronautical industry to develop new engine components. Nevertheless, the reliability and durability of parts produced by L-PBF depend on the possibility to suppress the occurrence of defects. Among them, hot cracking represents a key issue. These cracks are due to the liquid film remaining between grains at the end of the solidification stage combined with stresses and strains endured by the mushy domain. A microsegregation model providing relevant prediction of the solidification path during L-PBF is thus required for coupling with a thermomechanical analysis. As an answer to the industrial need, a new model is proposed and applied in cooling conditions encountered in L-PBF. It includes the initial solidification conditions and follows the phases, and their composition in the interdendritic liquid region to predict the brittle temperature range. Both dendrite tip growth model and kinetic phase diagram due to non-equilibrium interface phenomena are considered. Cross-diffusion of solute species in the liquid phase is accounted for, as well as thermodynamic coupling with CALPHAD. The model will be applied to IN718, a nickel-based superalloy widely used in the aeronautic industry.

25

Xu, Xiao-Hua, and Ming-Wen Chen. "The Rod Eutectic Growth under Rapid Solidification Conditions." International Journal of Thin Films Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/ijtfst/070105.

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26

Kudryashova, Olga, Marina Khmeleva, Pavel Danilov, Vladislav Dammer, Alexander Vorozhtsov, and Dmitry Eskin. "Optimizing the Conditions of Metal Solidification with Vibration." Metals 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030366.

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Vibration treatment of solidifying metals results in improvement in the ingot structure. There is a need to study this process not only because of the practical potential of vibration treatment but also due to the lack of understanding the process. An important practical challenge is to find optimal conditions for liquid metal processing. In this paper, the authors consider a solidification process in the particular case of a cylindrical chill mold with vibration as a solution of the Stefan problem. An integral value of mechanical stresses in the melt during solidification is considered as an efficiency criterion of vibration treatment. A dependence of this value on the vibration frequency and amplitude is obtained through solving the Stefan problem numerically. The solution allows one to find the optimal vibration frequency and amplitude. We verified the numerical solution with experimental data obtained upon vibration treatment of aluminum melt under different conditions. The experimentally found optimal conditions for metal processing were similar to those proposed in theory, i.e., a vibration frequency of about 60 Hz and an amplitude of about 0.5 mm.

27

CHEN, Shu, and Jiuzhou ZHAO. "SOLIDIFICATION OF MONOTECTIC ALLOY UNDERLASER SURFACE TREATMENT CONDITIONS." Acta Metallurgica Sinica 49, no. 5 (2013): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1037.2013.00014.

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28

Nii, Kazuyoshi, and Kenichi Hoshimoto. "Solidification phenomena of monotectic alloys under microgravity conditions." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 25, no. 10 (1986): 840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.25.840.

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29

Feng, Z., S. A. David, T. Zacharia, and C. L. Tsai. "Quantification of thermomechanical conditions for weld solidification cracking." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 2, no. 1 (February 1997): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/stw.1997.2.1.11.

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30

Chikova, O. A., A. R. Barashev, G. A. Tkachuk, and V. V. V’yukhin. "Microheterogeneity and Solidification Conditions of an Mg61Cu28Cd11 Alloy." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2020, no. 7 (July 2020): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029520070046.

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31

Ellendt, N., N. Ciftci, C. Goodreau, V. Uhlenwinkel, and L. Madler. "Solidification of single droplets under combined cooling conditions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 117 (March 2016): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/117/1/012057.

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32

GUO, Jin-bo, Chong-de CAO, Su-lian GONG, Rui-bo SONG, Xiao-jun BAI, Jian-yuan WANG, Jian-bang ZHENG, Xi-xing WEN, and Zhan-bo SUN. "Rapid solidification of Cu60Co30Cr10 alloy under different conditions." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23, no. 3 (March 2013): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(13)62522-4.

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33

Trivedi, R., P. Magnin, and W. Kurz. "Theory of eutectic growth under rapid solidification conditions." Acta Metallurgica 35, no. 4 (April 1987): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(87)90176-3.

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34

Hoang, V. H. "Wedge solidification with differing types of boundary conditions." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 67, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/67.6.509.

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35

Trivedi, R. "Theory of dendritic growth under rapid solidification conditions." Journal of Crystal Growth 73, no. 2 (November 1985): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(85)90305-7.

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36

Pražák, M., and S. Holeček. "Directional Solidification of AlZn Eutectic in Microgravity Conditions." Crystal Research and Technology 30, no. 7 (1995): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170300709.

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37

Subroto, Tungky, Alexis Miroux, Lionel Bouffier, Charles Josserond, Luc Salvo, Michel Suéry, Dmitry G. Eskin, and Laurens Katgerman. "Formation of Hot Tear Under Controlled Solidification Conditions." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 45, no. 6 (February 19, 2014): 2855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2220-6.

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38

Zhang, Zhonghua, Xiufang Bian, Yan Wang, and Junyan Zhang. "Solidification microstructure formation of an Al–Ce–Sr alloy under conventional and rapid solidification conditions." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 346, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(02)00482-6.

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39

Bobadilla, M., J. Lacaze, and G. Lesoult. "Influence des conditions de solidification sur le déroulement de la solidification des aciers inoxydables austénitiques." Journal of Crystal Growth 89, no. 4 (July 1988): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(88)90216-3.

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40

Bracker, G. P., and R. W. Hyers. "Modeling the Fluid Flow for Recent Solidification Experiments in Microgravity Electromagnetic Levitation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1274, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1274/1/012025.

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Abstract Microgravity electromagnetic levitation provides a unique processing environment for solidification experiments. The contactless processing allows for greater access to the undercooled region of the melt by isolating the sample from its environment and reducing the available heterogeneous nucleation to consistently achieve deep undercoolings. In the ISS-EML, a variety of solidification studies have investigated the relationship between nucleation temperature and flow conditions in metallic melts. These studies include recent work by Kelton et al. in which the coupled flux nucleation model was used to explore solidification in supercooled liquids using glass forming alloys: Vit106, Cu50Zr50, and Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21. The relationship between fluid flow and nucleation is also a critical factor in recent experiments investigating dynamic nucleation. Unexplained solidification events occurred during both Spacelab Missions IML-2, MSL-1R, and ISS-EML. These experiments encompassed both steady and transient, accelerating flows. Repeatable, anomalous solidification was observed in both flow conditions. The conditions are consistent with dynamic nucleation, which relies heavily on the flow conditions within the sample for nucleation to occur. During these experiments, flow is not directly observable; however, magnetohydrodynamic models allow the flow to be calculated using the properties of the melt and the experimental conditions. These models provide key insights into the flow conditions and the impacts of flow on nucleation in these experiments.

41

Kim, Kyeong-Min, and Eun-Joon Chun. "Method of Suppressing Solidification Cracking by Laser Surface Melting and Epitaxial Growth Behavior for Directionally Solidified 247LC Superalloy." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 61, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2023.61.4.252.

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In this study, the relationship between solidification cracking and epitaxial growth behavior with the high-speed laser surface melting of a directionally solidified 247LC superalloys was fundamentally and metallurgically investigated, to develop a successful welding procedure for the next generation of gas turbine blades. Under typical laser surface melting conditions (scan speed: 50 mm/s, heat input: 40 J/mm), severe solidification cracking phenomena occurs. The key metallurgical factors of solidification cracking have been identified as solidification segregation-assisted pipeline diffusion behavior at the solidification grain boundary, and in the randomly formed polycrystalline melting zone microstructure. In addition, under extremely low heat input and high-speed laser beam scan conditions (scan speed: 1000 mm/s, heat input: 2 J/mm), an effective surface melting zone can be obtained within a single directionally solidified grain under a relatively high-energy beam density (65 J/mm<sup>2</sup>) using the characteristics of single-mode fiber lasers. Results reveal that the laser melting zone successfully shows a 99.9% epitaxial growth achievement ratio. Because of the superior epitaxial growth ratio within the laser surface melting zone, and the rapid solidification phenomena, formation of a solidification grain boundary and solidification segregation-assisted pipeline diffusion behavior can be suppressed. Finally, a solidification crack-free laser melting zone can thus be achieved.

42

Fan, Li, Qi Tang Hao, Liang Bo Liu, and Rui Qi Shen. "Solidification Behavior of Aluminum-Copper Based Alloy during Controlled Diffusion Solidification." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1535.

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Controlled diffusion solidification (CDS) is a novel and simple process that enables the formation of non-dendritic microstructure of primary Al phase through mixing two liquid alloys of different composition and temperature together. A quaternary alloy (Al-5.0Cu-0.35Mn-0.25Ti, wt.%), having a similar chemical component with ZL205A, was fabricated using controlled diffusion solidification (CDS) method with different mixing temperature. The mixing temperature of two liquids mostly affects the cast structure especially the primary Al phase. Results show that CDS can reduce the element segregation degree inside the grains. Microstructure evolution during solidification initiates from a primary nucleus firstly and then changed to a non-dendritic grain structure. The thermal analysis confirms the thermodynamic conditions for the formation of non-dendritic grain structure evolution.

43

Li, Shu, Jian Wei Huang, Fei Wang, and Wei Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Rapid Solidification Process for Micrometer Level Solder Ball Used in BGA Packaging." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.137.

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We numerically simulated the containerless rapid solidification for micrometer level solder ball used in BGA packaging, based on prior models for heterogeneous droplet nucleation and non-equilibrium solidification, to predict the solidification microstructure of solder ball. Results of simulations for Sn-5mass%Pb solder ball produced under different conditions are discussed.

44

Zhu, Z. W., S. J. Zheng, H. F. Zhang, B. Z. Ding, Z. Q. Hu, P. K. Liaw, Y. D. Wang, and Y. Ren. "Plasticity of bulk metallic glasses improved by controlling the solidification condition." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 4 (April 2008): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0127.

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Different bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were prepared in ductile Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5, Zr62Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10, and brittle Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30 alloys by controlling solidification conditions. The achieved microstructures were characterized by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and synchrotron- based high-energy x-ray diffraction. Monolithic BMGs obtained by high-temperature injection casting are brittle, while BMGs bearing some nanocrystals with the size of 3 to 7 nm and 2 to 4 nm, obtained by low-temperature injection casting and in situ suction casting, respectively, exhibit good plasticity. It indicates that the microstructures of BMGs are closely affected by the solidification conditions. Controlling the solidification conditions could improve the plasticity of BMGs.

45

Yu, Fengyi. "The criterion of planar instability in alloy solidification under varying conditions: A viewpoint from free energy." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 12 (March 28, 2023): 125304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132392.

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In alloy solidification, the transport processes of heat and solute result in morphological instability of the interface, forming different patterns of the solidification structure and determining the mechanical properties of components. As the first observable phenomenon of morphological instabilities, planar instability influences the subsequent stages significantly, deserving in-depth investigations. In this paper, the planar instability in alloy solidification under varying conditions is studied. First, the dynamical evolution of the planar instability is performed by the theoretical model and the phase-field model, respectively. Second, to represent the history-dependence of solidification, varying parameters are adopted in the simulations. Then, the criterion of planar instability under varying conditions is discussed. This paper considers that the critical parameters of planar instability are the excess free energy at the interface and the corresponding interfacial energy. Finally, to validate the criterion, comparisons between the phase-field and theoretical models are carried out, showing good consistency. Moreover, solidification processes with different preferred crystallographic orientations are performed, demonstrating the effect mechanism of the excess free energy and interfacial energy on planar instability. The idea of the interfacial energy influencing the planar instability could be applied to investigating other patterns induced by interfacial instability.

46

Li, H. P., and J. A. Sekhar. "Rapid solidification by unstable combustion synthesis." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 10 (October 1993): 2515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2515.

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During combustion/micropyretic synthesis, conditions that give rise to rapid solidification and rapidly solidified microstructures may be encountered. In this article, many such conditions are identified for the first time in a Ni–Al system. In addition, the banded structures and aligned dendrites that are encountered in this system are also examined. The various techniques of rapid solidification that may be initiated with combustion synthesis are examined and discussed.

47

Park, Jaewoong, and Seung Hwan Lee. "CMT-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Using 316L Stainless Steel (2): Solidification Map of the Multilayer Deposit." Metals 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111725.

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This study aimed to suggest a solidification map based on the solidification parameters G and R of each layer in the multilayer deposition for the investigation of heat accumulation on the deposit. Through the solidification map, the appropriate solidification conditions of the microstructure were determined. In order to investigate the solidification parameters, the temperature profile of the deposit was experimentally acquired during deposition. A simulation model reflecting the characteristics of the deposition process was developed and verified. The solidification parameters from the simulation model and the microstructure from experiments were correlated. Based on the analysis, a solidification map of 316L SS processed with CMT-WAAM process was derived, which is suggested as a guide for controlling and predicting the morphology of the microstructure in the deposit.

48

Jones, Nicolette. "Laissez les pays adapter les OMD aux conditions locales." Chronique ONU 47, no. 4 (May 31, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/1a8c5e00-fr.

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49

Turchin, A. N., Dmitry G. Eskin, and Laurens Katgerman. "Effects of Solidification Range on the Structure of Aluminium Alloys Obtained under Conditions of Constant Melt Flow." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1789.

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Effects of solidification range on macro- and microstructure of pure aluminium and binary Al–Cu alloys obtained under conditions of constant melt flow are studied experimentally. The solidification range of binary alloys was varied by changing the concentration of the alloying element. An electromagnetic pump with a specially designed melt-guiding system is used to organize controlled unidirectional melt flow along the solidification front. Temperature and melt flow velocity are controlled during the experiment. It is observed that the extent of solidification range changes the macro– and microstructure, affects width and deflection angle of columnar grains, and alters the dendrite arm spacing in the presence of melt flow. The melt flow itself is found to change the macro- and microstructure, e.g. the increase of melt flow velocity clearly decreases the dendrite arm spacing.

50

Zhai, Yingying, Kefeng Pan, and Dapeng Wu. "Acquiring High-Quality Oil Casing Steel 26CrMoVTiB under Optimal Continuous Casting Process Conditions." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090993.

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While the solidification macrostructure of continuous cast billets is an important factor influencing the final performance and rolling yield of oil casing steel, the continuous casting process parameters have a direct influence on the solidification structure. This study simulated the solidification process of the continuous casting round billets of oil casing steel using a cellular automaton–finite element (CAFE) model. According to the simulation results, at a superheat degree of 20–35 K, a casting speed of 1.9–2.1 m/min, and a secondary cooling specific water flow of 0.34–0.45 L/Kg, the solidification structure had a relatively high equiaxed crystal ratio and small average grain radius. Guided by the simulation results, this paper establishes optimal process schemes for producing 26CrMoVTiB steel round billets, comparatively analyzes the equiaxed crystal ratio and central shrinkage of round billets produced according to these schemes, and defines the optimal continuous casting process conditions, which are: superheat degree = 25 K, casting speed = 2.1 m/min, and specific water flow = 0.35 L/Kg. When adopting these process parameters, the 26CrMoVTiB steel round billets demonstrate a tiny central shrinkage and an equiaxed crystal ratio of 45.2%.