Дисертації з теми "Concrete"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Concrete".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Tokudome, Shingiro. "Contribuição para o desenvolvimento do concreto auto-adensavel." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258503.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T21:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tokudome_Shingiro_M.pdf: 2242512 bytes, checksum: ab86b2f22ebf44e0bf9a690f49d1aec4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento da especialidade da tecnologia do concreto de elevado desempenho, o concreto auto-adensável. A tendência do mercado em construir cada vez mais estruturas arrojadas exige o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que coadunem com a realidade técnico-econômica da obra. A concretagem destas estruturas, quando realizada em formas irregulares e em armação densa, ocasiona, na maioria das vezes, problemas no adensamento, formando descontinuidade e/ou segregação na peça concretada. Contudo, quando executada em concreto auto-adensável, estas ocorrências tendem a diminuir. Este trabalho apresenta a confrontação da metodologia de avaliação do concreto autoadensável no estado fresco com o método da caixa L e o utilizado atualmente na Alemanha conforme a norma DIN 1045 -2 DAfStb- Richtlinie Selbstverdichtender Beton (SVB-Richtlinie), com o propósito de levar para a prática procedimentos simples e de fácil análise do controle de trabalhabilidade do concreto, e também a aplicação do concreto auto-adensável em estruturas de escala real para analisar a segregação do concreto quando lançados a 4,00 metros de altura.
Abstract: This study concerns a special kind of high performance concrete technology development, called self-compacting concrete. The growing market tendency to build bold structures requires construction technology development, which fits real technical-economical needs. The concrete placing in irregular shape structures, and reinforced concrete structures, most of time brings compacting problems and result on segregation, and/or not satisfactory concrete surfacing. However, the use of self-compacting concrete can reduce these problems. The main objective of this research is to compare L box method and the German standard DIN 1045 -2 DAfStb- Richtlinie Selbstverdichtender Beton (SVB-Richtlinie) for fresh self compacting concrete workability analysis, in order to propose the L box method as an practical and easy way test to control the fresh concrete quality. This study also provides an accurate description of self-compaction concrete history, its development and the advantages reached by the structures based on concrete selfcompacting concrete, as well. Furthermore this research sets a real beam and column structure concrete applications from 4,00 m high filling to analyze segregation behavior.
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Ferraz, Andre Luiz Nonato. "Avaliação de retração e fluencias do concreto auto-adensavel para aplicação em elementos pre-moldados." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257677.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T07:24:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraz_AndreLuizNonato_D.pdf: 9941000 bytes, checksum: 30542f4364161961a9bfdb7bfe736ac0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Foram avaliados neste trabalho, teórica e experimentalmente, o comportamento reológico e mecânico do concreto auto-adensável (C.A.A.), em específico suas características frente as deformações lentas, retração e fluência, e sua aplicabilidade em peças pré-moldadas. Foram desenvolvidos duas composições de concreto de classes de resistência distintas, 35 e 55 MPa. Na etapa de dosagem foram utilizados os procedimentos do método REPETTE-MELO, onde nas pastas e argamassas, foram realizados ensaios reométricos, ensaios de fluidez e Mini-Slump, e na definição do traço do C.A.A., ensaios de controle, tais como Slump-Flow, Funil em V, caixa em L, caixa em U e tubo em U, assim como ensaios das propriedades mecânicas tais como resistência à tração, resistência à compressão, e módulo de elasticidade. A avaliação do comportamento dos concretos frente a fluência se deu nas idades de 7, 14, 28, e 56 dias, segundo a NBR 8224 (ABNT, 1983), e frente a retração de acordo com a norma MERCOSUL NM 131:9. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados com valores de concretos convencionais disponíveis na literatura. Todos os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório CESP de Engenharia Civil, e no Laboratório de Hidrologia da UNESP em Ilha Solteira-SP. No estudo da deformação rápida, ensaios de tração na flexão foram realizados aos 28 e 56 dias. Os coeficientes de fluência foram calculados quer seja através dos valores experimentais como pela NBR 6118 e comparados entre si, apresentando boa correlação, com diferenças menores que 10% para toda as idades. A composição do concreto auto-adensável foi implantada para fins de avaliação, junto a empresa de Pré- Moldados Protendit de São José do Rio Preto-SP, onde foram moldadas vigas, em escala real, as quais apresentaram melhor acabamento e se mostraram 50% mais economicas, em relação a mão-de-obra, quando comparada com a viga de concreto convencional. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as composições de concreto auto-adensável apresentam maiores valores de retração e fluência quanto comparados com concretos convencionais de mesma resistência mecânica. O C.A.A. de resistência à compressão igual a 55 MPa apresentou menor retração e fluência básica que o C.A.A. de resistência 35 MPa.
Abstract: This project analyzed, theoretically and experimentally, the mechanical and rheological behavior of the selfcompacting concrete (C.A.A.), specially its features according to slow deformation, shrinkage and creep, and its applicability in precast elements. Two compositions of concrete of different classes of resistance were developed, 35 MPa and 55 MPa. In the stage of the dosage, the procedures of the method REPETTE-MELO were used, rheometrical tests, fluidness tests and Mini-Slump were carried out on the pastes and the mortars, and control tests, such as Slump-Flow, funnel V test, box L, box U and tube U, and mechanical properties tests, such as tensile strength, compression strength and elasticity module were used to define the C.A.A. feature. The evaluation of the concrete behavior by creep happened at ages of 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, according to NBR 8224 (ABNT, 1983), and by shrinkage according to MERCOSUL NM 131:9. The experimental results were compared with values from conventional concrete available in the literature. All tests were performed at CESP Civil Engineer Laboratory, and at Hydrology Laboratory of the UNESP in Ilha Solteira-SP. In the fast deformation study, traction tests in flexion were performed at 28 and 56 days. The creep coefficients were calculated either through experimental values as by the NBR 6118 and compared each other, showing a good correlation, with differences smaller than 10% for all ages. The composition of self-compacting concrete was established for evaluation, in partnership with precast elements company Protendit of São José do Rio Preto-SP, where were shaped beams, in real scale, which showed better finishing and they showed themselves 50% more economical regarding labor, when compared with conventional concrete beam. The results reached show that the compositions of self-compacting concrete present higher values of shrinkage and creep when compared with conventional concrete of same strength. The C.A.A. that presented compression strength equal to 55 MPa showed a lower shrinkage and basic creep that C.A.A. strength of 35 MPa.
Doutorado
Edificações
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
Bekoe, Patrick Amoah. "Concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate for use in concrete pavement." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025075.
Повний текст джерелаBolognini, Enio José [UNESP]. "Idealizações de um programa baseado em redes neurais para dosagem de concreto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144535.
Повний текст джерелаApproved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-08T11:31:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bolognini_ej_me_ilha.pdf: 4791439 bytes, checksum: fdf2bbe8d623111701e126b75d7a4fbd (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T11:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bolognini_ej_me_ilha.pdf: 4791439 bytes, checksum: fdf2bbe8d623111701e126b75d7a4fbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-02
A produção de concreto está cada vez mais exigente. Medidas de prevenção e correção são empregadas na dosagem do concreto, gerando lucros e economia no preparo. A fim de obter economia e praticidade na dosagem de concretos, neste estudo foi desenvolvido, após a coleta de dados experimentais, a criação de rede neural artificial feedforward, utilizando algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation). A rede neural artificial (RNA) é composta de quatro camadas, entre entradas, pesos, bias, função de ativação sigmóide e saída desejada. O modelo conta com funções sigmoides, a fim de calcular e otimizar o erro através das camadas anteriores, até a entrada. Este modelo, por ser mais preciso, conta com certo momento e taxa de aprendizagem. A proposta da rede neural artificial (RNA) em feedforward, com o algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation), foi implementada em forma estrutural, e com uma interface gráfica, na qual o usuário final possa escolher a resistência desejada, tipo de cimento, tipo e dimensão de agregados graúdos, dimensão de agregados miúdos, tipo de concreto e aditivo, se for o caso de concretos de alta resistência (CAR). Nesta pesquisa, a coleta de dados, para armazenar no programa, foi realizada por meio de ensaios de caracterização dos materiais e de dosagem e resistência do concreto. A linguagem de programação Java foi utilizada para programar o algoritmo genético e a interface usuário. Foram realizados os testes e manutenção da ferramenta computacional, seguindo regras importantes no desenvolvimento de softwares. O resultado final, deste desenvolvimento, foi um software capaz de calcular a dosagem do concreto para o usuário, quando este insere valores de resistência à compressão axial desejada e o material que será usado na confecção do concreto.
The concrete production is increasingly demanding. preventive and corrective measures are used in concrete dosage, generating profits and savings in preparation. In order to achieve economy and practicality in the dosage of concrete in this study was developed after the collection of experimental data, the creation of artificial neural network feedforward using genetic algorithm backpropagation. The artificial neural network (ANN) is composed of four layers, between inputs, weights, biases, sigmoid activation functions and output desired. The model has sigmoid functions in order to calculate and optimize the error by the preceding layers, until the entrance. This model, to be more precise, has the right time and learning rate. The proposed artificial neural network (ANN) in feedforward, with the genetic algorithm backpropagation, was implemented in structural form, and with a graphical interface, in which the end user can choose the desired strength, cement type, and size of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates dimension, type of concrete and additives, if any of high strength concrete (CAR). In this research, data collection, to store the program, was carried out by means of characterization tests of materials and dosage and strength of concrete. The Java programming language was used to program the genetic algorithm and the user interface. testing and maintaining software tool were conducted following important rules in the software development. The end result of this development was an able to calculate the dosage of specific software for the user, when it enters resistance values to the desired axial compression and the material that will be used in the manufacture of concrete.
Bolognini, Enio José. "Idealizações de um programa baseado em redes neurais para dosagem de concreto /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144535.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: A produção de concreto está cada vez mais exigente. Medidas de prevenção e correção são empregadas na dosagem do concreto, gerando lucros e economia no preparo. A fim de obter economia e praticidade na dosagem de concretos, neste estudo foi desenvolvido, após a coleta de dados experimentais, a criação de rede neural artificial feedforward, utilizando algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation). A rede neural artificial (RNA) é composta de quatro camadas, entre entradas, pesos, bias, função de ativação sigmóide e saída desejada. O modelo conta com funções sigmoides, a fim de calcular e otimizar o erro através das camadas anteriores, até a entrada. Este modelo, por ser mais preciso, conta com certo momento e taxa de aprendizagem. A proposta da rede neural artificial (RNA) em feedforward, com o algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation), foi implementada em forma estrutural, e com uma interface gráfica, na qual o usuário final possa escolher a resistência desejada, tipo de cimento, tipo e dimensão de agregados graúdos, dimensão de agregados miúdos, tipo de concreto e aditivo, se for o caso de concretos de alta resistência (CAR). Nesta pesquisa, a coleta de dados, para armazenar no programa, foi realizada por meio de ensaios de caracterização dos materiais e de dosagem e resistência do concreto. A linguagem de programação Java foi utilizada para programar o algoritmo genético e a interface usuário. Foram realizados os testes e manutenção da ferramenta com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Ore, Andrade Harold Oscar Rosil, and Diaz Miguel Angel Portillo. "Propuesta de diseño de mezcla para un concreto permeable de FC=175kg/cm² en veredas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/635423.
Повний текст джерелаPeru presents various eventualities such as rainfall, which delay different activities that promote the country's economic growth. Urban areas need continuous improvement of the environment with better infrastructure to promote growth and reduce accidents. At present, innovative solutions for the evacuation of high rainfall need to be promoted through the local environment. Permeable concrete is a type of concrete whose technology allows water to flow through its structure due to the high porosity it possesses, unlike traditional concrete. It is made of coarse aggregate and cementitious material, with a low percentage of fines of up to 10%. This research consists in proposing a permeable concrete mix design of f'c = 175kg / cm² applied in sidewalks that satisfies different requirements established by the CE010 standards of Urban Pavements, ACI 211.3R, ACI 522R-10 and those of the area of application. For this, a battery of 12 mixing designs with a / c ratios of 0.30, 0.35 and 0.38; aggregates of HUSO 7 and 67; portland cements type 1 Sol and Quisqueya; and fluidizing Z additive SR. Fresh tests were performed: Slump, volumetric weight and void content; and in a hardened state: resistance to compression and flexion, and permeability. Finally, a prototype was made with the design that presented better characteristics with the purpose of validating the research and a comparison was made between the permeable and traditional concrete sidewalks.
Tesis
Rosa, Alaor Leandro. "Estudo da influência da taxa de solicitação na resposta em fratura quase-frágil." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258103.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T11:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_AlaorLeandro_D.pdf: 7941559 bytes, checksum: 806e89b1e919e7a21f82b349d6b6b047 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A pesquisa objeto desta tese refere-se a uma investigação dos processos de fratura no concreto de alta resistência (High Strength Concrete - HSC), com ênfase no estudo da influência da taxa de carregamento (medida como a taxa de deslocamento do ponto de aplicação de carga) nos ensaios de fraturamento e assim caracterizar sua ductilidade em tração. Neste trabalho um modelo de fratura dependente do tempo (modelo coesivo-viscoso) é apresentado e a influência da taxa de carregamento na resposta em fratura quase-frágil é estudada através de simulação numérica. O modelo de fratura dependente do tempo acopla um parâmetro viscoso, dado em função da velocidade de abertura da fratura, ao modelo clássico de fissura fictícia proposto por Hillerborg, tal que uma relação tensão-abertura de fissura dependente do tempo, (?, ?), represente uma zona coesiva-viscosa inserida em um meio elástico não-viscoso. O modelo coesivo-viscoso é implementado no arcabouço teórico do método dos elementos finitos com um método de cálculo iterativo que modela a fratura quase-frágil (comportamento não-linear) como uma superposição de problemas em mecânica da fratura elástica linear (Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics - LEFM). O modelo numérico implementado é validado com os resultados experimentais obtidos de vigas prismáticas ranhuradas em flexão em três pontos (Three-Point Bend Test - TPBT), com taxas de carregamento variando da ordem de = 10-5 mm/s a 6 = 10+1 mm/s. Os resultados numéricos obtidos mostram que o modelo coesivo-viscoso implementado, apesar de sua simplicidade, reflete o fato experimentalmente documentado de que a nucleação e a propagação de uma fratura coesiva, bem como os fenômenos que governam os processos de fratura, são dependentes da taxa de carregamento. Assim, a diferença obtida por muitos pesquisadores na medida da energia de fratura não se deve unicamente à escala do protótipo ensaiado mas também à taxa de carregamento aplicada nos ensaios.
Abstract: This thesis addresses a numerical investigation to account for loading rate influence (measured as the load-point displacement rate) on the fracture processes of quasi-brittle materials such as high strength concrete (HSC). In this context, fracture tests are simulated by a proposed time-dependent cohesive model. The proposed model couples a viscous parameter, as a function of crack-opening rate, to the classical Hillerborg's fictitious crack approach such that a time-dependent stress crack opening law, (?, ?), represents a viscous-cohesive zone in an elastic, time-independent, body. The viscous cohesive representation is implemented in a finite element framework using a iterative method in such a way that the equations governing the quasebrittle crack propagation (non-linear behaviour) is sought from a triangular system of equations, obtained by superposing linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) cases. To show the accuracy of the model, numerical simulations of notched beams in three-point bend test (TPBT) were performed. In the tests five different loading rates were employed (ranging from = 10-5 mm/s = 10+1 mm/s). The results numerically obtained match very well the experimental ones, particularly the maximum load for the several loading rates used in the tests. A parametric study has also been performed to point out which are the model, geometry and fracture parameters influencing the fracture process due to loading rate. The numerical results show that the model, although its simplicity, provides a general approach to reflect the experimentally documented fact that crack propagation and so the parameters governing the fracture processes in cementious materials depend on the loading rate. So, the differences obtained by several researches worldwide on the fracture energy measurement are not only due to the scale of the tested specimens, but also due to the loading rate influence.
Doutorado
Estruturas
Souza, Adriana Aparecida Ambrosio de 1975. "Procedimento de ensaio para verificação em laboratório da tendência ao lascamento do concreto em situação de incêndio." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258256.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T22:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_AdrianaAparecidaAmbrosiode_D.pdf: 30078180 bytes, checksum: 19c1198d198075f92c111ac31b07aeb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O lascamento é um fenômeno complexo, estocástico, e que pode causar um efeito danoso a estruturas de concreto em situação de incêndio. O fenômeno do lascamento deve, portanto, ser considerado no projeto de construções em que a ação do fogo é levada em conta. Não existe um procedimento de ensaio normalizado para avaliação da tendência ao fenômeno do lascamento do concreto. Os resultados de outros pesquisadores mostram diferentes procedimentos, tamanho das amostras, preparo das amostras (execução e cura), tempo de exposição à temperatura, evolução da temperatura ao longo do tempo (taxas de elevação), quantificação do fenômeno (degradação das amostras em termos de fissuração e desprendimento de camada superficial das amostras), o que dificulta comparação dos resultados obtidos. Esta pesquisa apresenta um procedimento de ensaio para avaliar a tendência ao lascamento de misturas de concreto em situação de incêndio e mostra que este fenômeno está relacionado, principalmente, ao tipo de agregado utilizado e a umidade do concreto exposto à elevadas temperaturas. Como resultado pôde - se observar que um concreto preparado com agregado calcáreo apresenta maior lascamento de superfície, do que um concreto preparado com agregado basalto, mesmo este apresentando fissuração superficial. Ao final, concluí - se que o procedimento proposto é eficaz na avaliação e determinação do tipo de dano causado
Abstract: The spalling is a complex phenomenon, that may cause a damage effect on concrete structures in a fire situation. The spalling phenomenon should, therefore, be considered in the constructions design, in that the fire effect is taking account. It does not exist a standardization of tests proceeding for evaluation of spalling phenomenon tendency in concrete. The results of others researchers show different proceedings, specimens size, specimens preparation (execution and cure), fire resistance, temperature evolution in a time period, phenomenon amount (degradation of specimens about its cracking and come unstuck of superficial layer of the specimens), what make difficult the comparison of the obtained results. This research shows a test proceeding to evaluate the spalling tendency of concrete mixing under fire situation and also shows that this phenomenon is mainlly relating to the aggregate type used and to the concrete humidity under high temperatures. As a result it could observed that a concrete made with calcareous coarse aggregate shows higher surface spalling than a concrete made with basaltic coarse aggregate, even this specimen of concrete showing a superficial cracking. At the end, it did conclude that the proposal proceeding is efficient in the evaluation and determination of the damage
Doutorado
Estruturas
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
Catoia, Thiago. "Concreto ultraleve® estrutural com pérolas de EPS: caracterização do material e estudo de sua aplicação em lajes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-19122012-104222/.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of lightweight concrete is mainly due to the benefits provided by reducing the density of the material such as smaller efforts on structures, economy of molds and scaffolding, as well as lower costs of transportation and erection of precast constructions. Currently, besides the technical and economic issues, the choice of building materials should take into account environmental aspects. Therefore, the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in the concrete production can open doors for the use of waste materials of this nature, and still to take advantage of its low density in structural applications. This study aimed to determine the main characteristics of the lightweight concrete with EPS beads (spheres), also named Ultra Lightweight Concrete, characteristics which are necessary to design structural members, and analyze the behavior of slabs produced with this new material. More specifically mechanical properties were determined, such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting and flexural tensile strength, as well as long term deformation properties such as shrinkage and creep. The density was also determined and evaluated its association with the mechanical characteristics, besides the tests of unidirectional slab models produced with this concrete. To analyze the possibility of use of the lightweight concrete with EPS in slabs, tables were compiled for pre-design of unidirectional and bidirectional slabs with this new material, in which these slabs were compared with those of common concrete. Based on the experimental procedure and results of tests, the aim of determine the characteristics necessary to design structural elements of lightweight concrete with EPS has been achieved. Can be also said that the studied concrete, with about half the density of conventional concrete, presents mechanical characteristics compatible with commercial production and use of slabs, mainly precast, conclusion which can be extended to other components that do not require concretes with very high strength. It was also assessed the behavior of slab models of lightweight concrete with polyurethane (PU) in a similar way to the study carried out with EPS, including the characterization of concrete for each model. To complement the performance analysis of the lightweight concrete with EPS a study of carbonation was presented, which proved the excellent condition of this new material with respect to durability.
Lannon, Kristyna Tylova. "Using recycled concrete aggregate in pervious concrete." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025119.
Повний текст джерелаFARIA, Ricardo Andrade Fernandes. "CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO ESTUDO DAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E DA DURABILIDADE DE CONCRETOS COM ESCÓRIA DE ACIARIA ELÉTRICA (EAF) COMO AGREGADO GRAÚDO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/674.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing demand for aggregate for uses in engineering stimulated the search for alternative materials. In this way, the civil construction potentially started to be a great consumer of residues from other industries, becoming a great recycle plant. The use of by-product, brings great environmental benefits in relation to the degradation of the environment, as for example, less settlement of residues in earth fill, the reduction of extraction of natural resources, and the exploration of aggregate ores. Steel plants from around the world have a commom problem, that is what to do with all the steel slags generated as a by-product from the steel refining in electric steel plants or oxygen steel plants. There are two points of these process where slags can be generated: the first comes from the electric or oxygen furnace itself (called oxidizing refining) and the second is the laddle metallurgy slag (reduction refining slag), which is the last stage of the steel production. This aims to demonstrate related studies to the use of steel slags (EAF slags) in electric steel plants as coarse aggregate. Expansibility of the steel slag tests had been carried through, compressive strength, tensile strength for diametrical compression, related modulus of deformation and durability tests, such as: intensity of corrosion, potential of corrosion, ohmic resistivity and depth of carbonation. After this, it was observed the similarity of the results between the concrete made with steel slag and the concrete made with conventional aggregates, natural aggregate known as mica schist. It was observed improvements in the properties of the concrete with steel slag, such as: increase in its strength (compressive / tensile) and increase of the modulus of deformation. Concerning the durability, it was noted, in a general way, that the substitution of the aggregates, conventional for siderurgical, has not influenced in the performance of the concrete.
A crescente demanda por agregados para usos em engenharia estimulou a procura por materiais alternativos. Desta forma, a construção civil passou a ser potencialmente uma grande consumidora de resíduos provenientes de outras indústrias, tornando-se uma grande usina recicladora. A utilização de subprodutos traz benefícios ambientais bastante expressivos em relação à degradação do meio ambiente, como por exemplo, a menor deposição de resíduos em aterros, a diminuição da extração predatória de recursos naturais e a exploração de jazidas de agregados. As siderúrgicas, em nível mundial, vêm enfrentando um problema comum, que consiste no que fazer para que a totalidade da escória gerada no refino do aço em aciarias elétricas ou a oxigênio tenha uma solução de aproveitamento melhor do que vem sendo feito atualmente. Na fabricação do aço as escórias são geradas em duas etapas: a primeira provém do chamado refino oxidante (forno elétrico a arco ou convertedor à oxigênio) e a segunda do refino redutor em processos de metalurgia na panela (forno-panela). Este trabalho tem como objetivo específico demonstrar, por meio de estudos, a potencialidade do uso das escórias de aciaria elétrica (escórias FEA) como agregado graúdo. Foram realizados ensaios de expansibilidade, resistência à compressão, à tração por compressão diametral, módulo de deformação e ensaios relacionados à durabilidade, tais como: intensidade de corrente de corrosão, potencial de corrosão, resistência ôhmica e profundidade de carbonatação. Após o estudo realizado observou-se a semelhança dos resultados dos concretos confeccionados com escória de aciaria elétrica com os concretos confeccionados com agregados convencionais, no caso o micaxisto. Podem-se constatar melhorias nas propriedades dos concretos produzidos com escória, tais como: aumento em suas resistências (compressão / tração) e aumento do módulo de deformação. No que diz respeito à durabilidade verificou-se, de uma maneira geral, que a substituição dos agregados, convencional por siderúrgico, não influenciaram no desempenho dos concretos.
Nunes, Nelson Lúcio. "Contribuição para a aplicação do concreto reforçado com fibras de aço em elementos de superfície restringidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-04052006-170328/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work presents a study for crack prediction and use of steel fibers to crack control in concrete surface elements submitted to tension stress induced by restrained shrinkage. In this study, a method was developed where a certain steel fiber type could be quantified, as function of concrete matrix shrinkage potential and maximum crack width, determined from human sensorial and durability criteria. Afterwards, an experimental program was done in order to characterize the crack potential of concrete matrices commonly used in surface elements. In this program, a method to predict tension stress induced by restrained shrinkage, at first crack moment, was tested. In the final step of this work, another experimental program was done, where steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) tracks were built, with fiber contents of 10 kg/m3, 30 kg/m3 and 60 kg/m3, over substrates with two restriction conditions: smooth surface and rough surface, with exposition of surface aggregates. Lengths and widths of the early age shrinkage cracks in the tracks were monitored. The results obtained in this program were useful to analyze the method, adjusting it with the consideration of characteristic values in prediction of tension strength. With this adjust, experimental crack width results were more compatible with 90% confidence interval for crack width values predicted by the method. With this study, the goal was the contribution to use SFRC in the control of restrained shrinkage cracks in surface elements, amplifying the knowledge border in the aspect of fiber selection and proportioning, for a determined and expected performance in terms of crack width.
Miranda, Centeno Cristian Arturo, and Moreno Marco Eduardo Rado. "Propuesta de concretos reforzados con fibras de acero y cemento puzolánico para la construcción de pavimentos rígidos en la región de Apurímac." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628106.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of the research carried out in this document is to present concrete reinforced with steel fibers as technical solution for the construction of concrete pavement an alternative solution for the construction of rigid pavement. In order to save costs per cubic meter per square meter of pavement and optimize raw material so increase quality and optimize materials to improve environmental and social sustainability, encourages the study and research on different chemical addition that are added to the concrete as well as the type of reinforcement that complements it. This document will focus on making a proposal of reinforced concrete with steel fiber and pozzolanic cement for the construction of rigid pavement by comparing the physical and mechanical properties of the mixtures and thus obtain the most efficient mixture that meets the conditions of the technical file in order to perform the application in a section of the paving project in the province of Grau of the department of Apurímac.
Tesis
Matos, Lucas Henrique Lozano Dourado de. "Pavimentos intertravados de concreto utilizando resíduos de PET /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180816.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: O crescimento da população e do seu poder aquisitivo mudaram a geração de resíduos. Atualmente se produz resíduos diferentes em qualidade e volume diferentes daqueles produzidos por gerações passadas. Entre os resíduos gerados atualmente se encontram os resíduos de PET, oriundos de embalagens descartáveis, que acarretam problemas ambientais devido ao descarte incorreto. Este trabalho se propõe em estudar a aplicação destes resíduos para a produção de pavers de concreto, observando suas características de desempenho em relação aos pavers produzidos com concreto convencional, ambos produzidos por procedimentos manuais. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram realizados ensaios de trabalhabilidade, ensaios de massa específica em estado fresco e endurecido, ensaios de absorção de água, medição da incorporação de ar, ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração e impacto e microscopia eletrônica de varredura para os traços produzidos com 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% de substituição em volume dos agregados miúdos e graúdos. Dessa maneira, foi possível buscar informações a respeito do comportamento obtido por meio da substituição parcial dos agregados pelos resíduos de PET produzindo peças com características semelhantes àquelas proporcionadas pelos pavers convencionais, atingindo a resistência à compressão de 35 MPa, definida em norma, em 4 traços produzidos, mesmo com valores de absorção superiores aos 6% estipulados em norma.
Abstract: Population growth and purchasing power changed waste generation. Currently the wastes produced differs in quality and volume than that produced by past generations. Amongst the waste currently produced are the PET waste, originating from disposable packaging, which generate environmental problems due to incorrect disposal. The purpose of this work is to study the application of these residues in concrete pavers production, observing the performance characteristics in comparison to those produced with conventional concrete, both produced by manual procedures. To achieve the proposed goal were performed workability tests, specific weight in both fresh and hardened conditions, water absorption tests, air content tests, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and impact tests and scanning electron microscopy for the concrete designs containing 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume of both fine and coarse aggregate. Thus, it was possible to achieve information about the concrete behavior produced with partial substitution of the aggregates by the PET waste, producing pavers with similar characteristics of those provided by pavers produced with conventional concrete, achieving the compressive strength of 35 MPa, required by standard, in 4 mixtures with substitution, although the absorption values were above the 6% required by standard.
Mestre
Dumêt, Tatiana Bittencourt. "Aderência de cordoalhas em concretos de alta resistência com e sem fibras de aço." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-18042016-113235/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study presents the results of a theoretical and an experimental investigation of the bond of pretensioned strands embedded in plain and steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete. There were used seven wires strands with 12,7 mm diameter and short hooked steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 1/d=45. Two types of tests were carried out to obtain the bond characteristics of the strands: pullout tests and beam under flexure tests. The parameters studied were the volume fraction (0%, 0,51% and 0,76%) of the fibers, and the degree of prestress of the strand (zero and 0,8fptk). The concrete compressive strength was 50 MPa at transfer (3 days of age) and 68 MPa at 28 days of age (test date), approximately. The results were analyzed and compared to the provisions of the following Codes: NBR 6118 (2001) (Brazilian code under public consult), ACI-318 (2002) and FIB-Bulletin 1 (1999). The comparison indicated that the codes give a safe design. The main conclusion of this work was that the use of 0,5% of steel fibers does not influence the bond strength of the strand. The use of 0,76% of steel fibers increases the bond stress in 28% when compared with plain concrete, for the pullout tests. For the beam\'s tests there was no bond improvement due to the steel fibers, in both case (0,5% and (0,76%), neither for the transfer length nor for the development length.
Silva, Valdirene Maria. "Ação da carbonatação em vigas de concreto armado em serviço, construídas em escala natural e reduzida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-19032007-100952/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work reports on the behavior of carbonation in reinforced concrete beams under stress regime on full and small scales having the lowest possible frame. The beams were made with and without adding silica from rice husk and silica fume (Fe-Si). For each beam on a full scale (coarse aggregate with D máx. = 19 mm) another beam on a small scale was made with the same mix of concrete to maintain the same comparison parameter. The beams were cured for 7 days and subsequently submitted to flexure by applying a two-point loading (L/3 of beam). Humidity stabilization to stabilize internal humidity of beams exposed for 28 days in an environment with a concentration of 50% carbon dioxide, 65 \'+ OR -\' 5% of relative humidity and room temperature was carried out. The following was determined: axial compression strength, tensile splitting strength, young\'s modulus and carbonation depth in cylindrical specimens. The carbonation depth was determined in specimens with unlike carbon dioxide concentration. Moreover, carbonation along beams on full and small scales and in cracks was observed. To estimate the carbonation depth of the beams, equations were adjusted to represent the carbonation in cracks. The results show the efficiency in the thickness of the cover, efficiency of small-scale models for studies concerning carbonation and behavior of carbonation in the serviceability of structural elements. The carbonation depth differs in the position of cracks, showing behavior which is unlike the one compared to specimens. The microstructure analyses show the behavior of carbonation depth in reinforced concrete beams complementing the experimental study. The results show that it is not sufficient to use high performance concretes in structural elements for elements with cracks and in aggressive atmospheres.
Pinheiro, Brunno Antonio Onofre. "Pisos industriais de concreto reforçados com fibras de aço: estado da arte." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1112.
Повний текст джерелаO concreto reforçado com fibras de aço é um material compósito, onde o concreto é a matriz e o reforço são as fibras. No Brasil ele começou a ser utilizado na década de 90, e atualmente é uma das soluções mais eficientes para os pisos industriais, que são estruturas muito importantes, pois se constituem na base de toda a produção. Um problema nesses pisos pode significar prejuízos financeiros na ocorrência de interrupção das atividades industriais. Foram estudadas algumas fibras utilizadas como adição para o concreto, em especial as de aço. Foram abordados os principais tipos de pisos de concreto, com ênfase nos reforçados com fibras de aço, suas características, interações fibra x matriz, parâmetros de eficiência, controle de qualidade, principais patologias e terapias, bem como carregamentos atuantes e critérios de dimensionamento. Concluiu-se que as fibras de aço desempenham importante papel no controle de propagação das fissuras, aumentando a ductilidade da placa e a tenacidade, podendo até aumentar a capacidade portante da estrutura dependendo do volume de fibras empregado.
The steel fiber reinforcement concrete is a composite material. The concrete is the matrix and the reinforcement are fibers. In Brazil, it started to be used in the decade of 90, and nowadays its one of the most efficient solution for industrial floors, witch are very important structures because the whole production consists on it. A problem with these kind of floors is that it creates financial damages in the occurrence of interruption of industrial activities. Some fibers had been studied as an addition to the concrete, mostly the steel ones. The main types of concrete floors had been boarded, with emphasis on the reinforced with steel fiber, looking for its characteristics, interactions fiber x matrix, efficiency parameters, quality control, main pathologies and therapies, as well as existent loads and dimensions. It was concluded that the fiber steel performance has an important role in the control of propagation of the cracks, increasing the residual strength factors, even being able to increase the capacity of the structure, depending on the volume of fiber steel that is applied.
Azevedo, Pedro Ribeiro. "Confinamento dado por vigas e lajes a pilares feitos com concretos de diferentes resistências ao longo da altura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-22102014-165727/.
Повний текст джерелаAiming the better use of the concrete strength a high-performance concrete is use in columns and a less resistant concrete in slabs and beams. Considering the constructive method adopted in Brazil, the region of the column that crosses the floor is executed using the same material that is used at the pavement. When used in columns, it is blended with a less resistant concrete in the floors, which is not considered during the column design. Is it possible that this less resistant concrete can confine the column to the point that its strength turns out to be the same of the rest of the members? This paper has studied earlier researches and up-to-date standards with the goal of know what have been studied and the actual recommendations for situations that the floor has beams and slabs instead of only slabs, in other words, a less confined region. Based in this research was formulated models to be tested in the laboratory and models in Finite Element Models to studie further the stresses.
Christ, Roberto. "Desenvolvimento de compósitos cimentícios avançados à base de pós-reativos com misturas híbridas de fibras e reduzido impacto ambiental." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3207.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2015-03-31T13:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoChrist.pdf: 9317574 bytes, checksum: 23b19b5dd98381b184ffb8f3c20b2951 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20
itt Performance - Instituto Tecnológico em Desempenho da Construção Civil
O desenvolvimento de novos concretos vem sendo ampliado ao longo dos anos, o que ocorre paralelamente ao aprimoramento dos cálculos estruturais e ao maior conhecimento sobre as propriedades dos materiais, o que conduz os projetistas ao desenvolvimento de estruturas que necessitam ter características específicas. Com isso surge a necessidade de se desenvolver concretos especiais, que apresentam elevada resistência mecânica e durabilidade. O concreto de pós reativos, também chamado de CPR, é um exemplo destes materiais. Trata-se de um concreto de ultra alto desempenho, com elevada resistência mecânica, extremamente dúctil e de baixa porosidade. Este tipo de concreto apresenta propriedades mecânicas superiores em comparação aos concretos de alta resistência, chegando a resistências à compressão de 200 MPa, à tração de 45MPa e módulo de elasticidade superior a 50 GPa. O consumo de cimento neste tipo de concreto pode atingir 800 kg/m3, além de incorporar elevado volume de sílica ativa. A otimização granular dos constituintes, realizada através de métodos de empacotamento de partículas, faz com que seja possível obter um material com o mínimo de vazios e elevada densidade. As fibras introduzidas no composto proporcionam elevada ductilidade. Neste trabalho, parte do cimento Portland foi substituído por cinza volante, para desenvolver um CPR com baixo consumo de aglomerantes. Também foi estudada a incorporação de dois tipos de fibras, ou hibridização, para uma matriz de CPR com menor consumo de cimento. A introdução de dois tipos distintos de fibras proporciona ao material maior sinergia, diminuindo a formação e a propagação de fissuras durante o carregamento. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa mostram que a substituição parcial do cimento por cinza volante apresentou melhor desempenho mecânico, atingindo resistência à compressão de aproximadamente 190 MPa com 30% de adição. A incorporação de dois tipos distintos de fibras, aço e polipropileno em teores de 80% e 20% respectivamente, proporcionou ao material elevada resistência à tração na flexão e tenacidade. Portanto, é possível dosar CPR com menores consumos de cimento e uso de dois tipos de fibras, melhorando as propriedades da mistura e obtendo um compósito com reduzido impacto ambiental.
The development of new concretes is being expanded over the years, withal the improvements in structural design, along the increased knowledge of materials properties, which leads the designers to develop structures with specific requirements. It arises the need of the development of special concretes, with have enhanced mechanical strength and durability. Reactive powder concrete, also called RPC, is an example of these materials. This is an ultra-high-performance concrete with high mechanical strength, extremely ductile and low porosity. This type of concrete has superior mechanical properties compared to high strength concrete, reaching compressive strengths of 200 MPa, tensile strengths of 45 MPa and modulus higher than 50 GPa. The cement consumption in this type of concrete may reach 800 kg/m3, while incorporating high volumes of silica fume. The optimization of granular constituents accomplished by particle packing methods provides a material with a minimum of voids and also high density. The fiber introduced into the material compound provides high ductility. On this report, fly ash was used to replace some part of the cement, aiming the development of a RPC with low agglomerate consumption. It was also studied the use of two types of fiber, or hybridization, to a RPC matrix array of CPR with less consumption of cement. The introduction of two distinct types of fibers gives the material improved synergy, decreasing the formation and propagation of cracks during the charging. The results obtained in this study show that the partial replacement of cement by fly ash gives better mechanical performance, reaching the compressive strength of approximately 190 MPa with 30% addition. The incorporation of two different types of fibers, steel and polypropylene at levels of 80% and 20% respectively, provided the materials high tensile strength and toughness. Therefore, it is possible to compose an RPC with lower cement consumption and use of two types of fibers, improving the properties of the mixture and obtaining a composite with reduced environmental impact.
Shimosaka, Tobias Jun. "Influência do teor de diferentes tipos de fibras de aço em concretos autoadensáveis." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2303.
Повний текст джерелаO emprego de concreto em estruturas é bastante elevado em todo o mundo. Entretanto, o concreto convencional pode apresentar problemas relacionados com a durabilidade da estrutura, como o caso dos vazios de concretagem. O concreto autoadensável (CAA), vem se caracterizando como uma evolução do concreto convencional, pois apresenta vantagens como capacidade de preencher espaços, devido a auto adensabilidade, elimina falhas de concretagem e possibilita estruturas mais duráveis. Apesar dessas melhoras no estado plástico, no estado endurecido, as características do CAA se assemelham muito com as de um concreto convencional, ou seja, boa resistência à compressão, porém baixa resistência à tração e à fadiga. Assim, como forma de mitigar essas limitações, tem-se como evolução o emprego de concretos reforçados com fibras (CRF), os quais pela interferência da fibra atuando como costura nas fissuras presentes, resultam em compósitos, com melhor desempenho frente a esses esforços. Dentro desse contexto, a presente pesquisa analisou o desempenho de concretos autoadensáveis, com incorporação de fibras de aço, para que como resultado, fosse possível manter todas as melhoras ganhas no estado endurecido em suas propriedades mecânicas, sem que fossem perdidas as características de auto adensabilidade do CAA. Dessa forma, foram produzidas misturas, com diferentes tipos de fibras de aço (ancorada, corrugada e reta), com diferentes teores para cada tipo (0,4%, 0,8%, 1,2% e 1,5% em volume) e uma mistura de controle (sem adição de fibras), para então poder avaliar o comportamento do CAA quando incorporados diferentes tipos de fibras, com diferentes teores. A avaliação desse comportamento, se deu tanto no estado plástico do concreto, quanto no estado endurecido. Para as características no estado plástico, foram realizados os ensaios de espalhamento, t500 e Anel J. Para as propriedades no estado endurecido foram realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão axial, resistência à tração por compressão diametral, módulo de elasticidade. Além disso, buscou-se associar a resistência à fadiga do concreto, através de um ensaio não normatizado. Objetivando analisar a zona de transição, realizou-se o ensaio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para analisar os resultados, foi necessário o emprego de tratamento estatístico, que avaliou a significância dos resultados. Os resultados mostram que foi possível manter a característica de auto adensabilidade do CAA para todos os teores de fibras empregados, e ainda obter ganhos, menos expressivos para resistência à compressão e de módulo de elasticidade, porém, resultados satisfatórios para resistência à tração e fadiga.
The use of concrete structures is fairly high throughout the world. However, conventional concrete can present problems related to the durability of the structure, as in the case of concrete voids. The concrete self compacting concrete (CAA), has been characterized as an evolution of conventional concrete, for advantages like ability to fill spaces through self adensabilidade eliminates concreting failures and enables more durable structures. Despite these improvements in the plastic state, in the hardened state, CAA characteristics closely resembling those of a conventional concrete, i.e., good compressive strength but low tensile strength and fatigue. Thus, in order to mitigate these limitations, we have to progress the use of reinforced concrete with fibers (CRF), which by the interference of the fiber acting as sewing in these cracks, result in composites with better performance against these efforts. In this context, the present study examined the self compacting concrete performance with the incorporation of steel fibers, so as a result, it was possible to keep all the improvements gained in the hardened state in their mechanical properties, without the self characteristics were lost adensabilidade CAA Thus, blends were produced with different types of steel fibers (anchored, and corrugated line), with different levels for each type (0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.5% by volume ) and a mixture control (without fibers) and then to assess the CAA behavior when incorporated different types of fibers with different contents. The evaluation of this behavior occurred both in the plastic concrete state, as in the hardened state. For the characteristics in the plastic state, the scattering assays were performed, t500 and J. ring for the properties in the hardened state were performed resistance tests compressive, tensile strength by diametrical compression modulus. Furthermore, it sought to associate the fatigue strength of concrete, through a non-standardized assay. Aiming to analyze the transition zone, there was the scanning electron microscopy test. To analyze the results, employment was necessary statistical analysis, which evaluated the significance of the results. The results show that it was possible to maintain the characteristic of self adensabilidade CAA for all levels of employees fibers, and still obtain gains less significant compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, however, satisfactory results in tensile strength and fatigue.
Torsvik, Øyvind André Hoff. "Pervious Concrete." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18665.
Повний текст джерелаMiller, Nadine Lee. "Concrete impermanence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0016/MQ52728.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRydberg, Dahlin Moa. "Concrete evolution." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122670.
Повний текст джерелаThe primary question of this project was: How does an add relate to what it´s added to? The result is that the most suitable part has grown, but adapted to accommodate the functions lacking in the main building. My ambition has been to get the building to be felt as a natural part of the National Museum and its history, as well as being a separate chapter. It is both replicating and reckless. How the building would grow is based of what the environment would benefit from. What type of wall would provide the best outdoor rooms? The room facing the water will be amazing and the room on the other side becomes an extension of the well-functioning small park, with the same conditions as this. A study of the National Museum trot structure made me think about how the building could grow following the same system. The new facade is a concrete "replica" (4427 mm) that is repeated. In this facade new holes are made for windows, and a portal to allow flows in and out of the park.
Poellinger, Roland. "Concrete causation." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-171789.
Повний текст джерелаConcrete Causation centers about theories of causation, their interpretation, and their embedding in metaphysical-ontological questions, as well as the application of such theories in the context of science and decision theory. The dissertation is divided into four chapters, that firstly undertake the historical-systematic localization of central problems (chapter 1) to then give a rendition of the concepts and the formalisms underlying David Lewis' and Judea Pearl's theories (chapter 2). After philosophically motivated conceptual deliberations Pearl’s mathematical-technical framework is drawn on for an epistemic interpretation and for emphasizing the knowledge-organizing aspect of causality in an extension of the interventionist Bayes net account of causation (chapter 3). Integrating causal and non-causal knowledge in unified structures ultimately leads to an approach towards solving problems of (causal) decision theory and at the same time facilitates the representation of logical-mathematical, synonymical, as well as reductive relationships in efficiently structured, operational nets of belief propagation (chapter 4).
Zabihi, Nadia. "Concrete Exploration." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5974.
Повний текст джерелаSon, Sunghoon. "An investigation into the application of concrete, concrete additive and concrete reinforcement in contemporary sculpture." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506507.
Повний текст джерелаMarques, Ana Carolina. "Concreto auto-adensável: caracterização da evolução das propriedades mecânicas e estudo da sua deformabilidade por solicitação mecânica, retração e fluência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-08072011-160707/.
Повний текст джерелаSelf-compacting concrete (SCC) is a new material and its mechanical properties have yet to be studied. It has a higher amount of mortar and smaller coarse aggregates which make it more deformable. On the other hand, the packing of the particles in fresh SCC and its larger strength (at a constant water/cement ratio) may act in the opposite way. Besides, the prediction models provided by the Brazilian Code do not take special concretes into account. The main objective of this work is to verify if the creep and shrinkage prediction models available in the literature can predict those properties of a SCC. This study involves aspects of its characterization by tests in laboratory of creep, shrinkage and other mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. For the creep test, the influence of environmental conditions (for specimens kept in an environment with and without temperature and humidity controlled) and age at loading were evaluated. From the obtained experimental results, a comparison was made to the values obtained from the ACI, EC2, NBR, B3 and GL prediction models. The deformability of SCC was analyzed by monitoring a post-tensioned beam prototype followed by the comparison of the measured deflection and strain long the time to those obtained from a finite element model. From the obtained experimental results of creep and shrinkage, the most adequate prediction models are the ACI and GL models. The use of the ACI model with the finite element method produced good results when compared to the experimental measurements of deflection and strain of the prototype beam. With respect to the compliance creep function, it can be noticed that the model provided by the Brazilian Code is adequate to the studied SCC.
Torres, Fernando Montenegro. "Análise teórico-experimental de consolos de concreto armado." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-26022018-133153/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to analyze theoretically and experimentally the behavior of reinforced concrete corbels. A bibliographic review was done, searching for the most recent papers and the main codes concerning to this subject. It was analyzed more than there hundred corbels found in the literature. In this analysis, the experimental failures forces were compared to the failure forces calculated by the followings codes: ACI-318M-89; CAN3-A23.3-M-84 and NBR-9062/85. To complement this work, eight corbels of high-strength concrete were made with the same dimensions, the same main reinforcement and different rates of secondary reinforcement. The strength of the concrete ranged from 50 MPa to 80 MPa. These corbels had their failure forces compared with the failure forces postulated by the codes. It was also evaluated the deformations of the reinforcement, considered in each level of loading, and the angle of inclination of the main stresses, measured in the geometric center of probable compressed diagonal. By this analysis, it was observed that the use of high-strength concrete in the construction of corbels is quitely efficient. Although, it is necessary the use of proper reinforcement ratios, that are basically the same indicated for corbels with low-strength concrete. The design of corbels by the cited codes was quitely satisfactory. By the way, the calculation of the failure force of corbels made by others researchers were not satisfactory. The probable reason was that the corbels did not present the reinforcement details recomended by these codes.
Guillermo, La Torre Aldo de Jesus, and Tupac Yupanqui Sergio Silva. "Evaluación y diseño de dos propuestas de reforzamiento para vigas y columnas de concreto armado en una edificación de hotel." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628230.
Повний текст джерелаThe present investigation lies in the technical-economic evaluation of two types of structural reinforcement, such as the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and the reinforced concrete jacketing in the structural elements: beams and columns. The objective is to determine the optimal solution alternative, taking into account that the option of reinforced concrete cladding is commonly the most used in the sector. As for the project, it corresponds to a hotel building in which change of use is required on floors 3 and 4 incorporating a gymnasium in the aforementioned floors. Regarding the design of reinforcement alternatives, these ruled by the requirements of the National Building Regulations of Peru (E020 – Loads, E030 – Seismic Resistant Design, E060 – Reinforced Concrete) and international standards such as the ACI (ACI 440 – FRP, ACI 369 – Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Frame Builidings, ACI 318 - Requirements for Structural Concrete). Likewise, the program was used to complement the analysis of the structural behavior of the buildings and the reinforcement alternatives. After the design, the technical-economic evaluation was carried out, proposing an execution plan (schedule) according to the characteristics and context of the project, and an economic budget for each case. Finally, by means of a comparative analysis that contrasts both criteria, the optimal reinforcement alternative for the hotel building analyzed is concluded is the CFRP.
Tesis
Marchioni, Mariana Lobo. "Desenvolvimento de técnicas para caracterização de concreto seco utilizado na fabricação de peças de concreto para pavimentação intertravada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-18072013-150832/.
Повний текст джерелаThe dry concrete, also known as earth moist concrete or no-slump concrete, is most used to manufacture precast concrete products, as paving blocks, masonry blocks and concrete tubes, and also in rolled compacted concrete pavement. Its most important property is the low water content, and it requires mechanical equipment for its compactation. Paving blocks are normally manufactured using vibrocompression equipment, which at the same time applies both compaction and vibration resulting in paving blocks with high durability and mechanical resistance. Even though this technique is highly used it still lacks studies on some important steps of the manufacturing process. The mix design techniques are mostly empirical and dont deeply consider the aggregate characteristics, that are connected with its compacity and, by that, the characteristics of the paving block. Also, there are only a few studies of the rheology characteristics of dry concrete, which relates with de manufacturing process and the easiness that the mix is compacted. So, the object of this study is to develop a dry concrete characterization methodology that allows the systematic development of mix designs that are easily compacted and also improves the performance of the paving blocks.
Souza, Andréa Resende. "Retração em concreto autoadensável: contribuição de produtos mitigadores." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2330.
Повний текст джерелаO concreto autoadensável (CAA) apresenta-se como o concreto do futuro por aumentar o rendimento e reduzir barulho e risco de acidentes nas obras, além de possibilitar a execução de elementos esbeltos ou com elevada taxa de armadura, além da eliminação do processo de adensamento do concreto. No entanto, por apresentar um alto teor de pasta cimento, e refinamento da rede porosa existe o aumento das forças capilares e, por consequência, elevação das mudanças volumétricas presentes na matriz cimentícias, oriundas do processo de retração por hidratação e de secagem dessa matriz. Desta forma, esse trabalho busca avaliar a eficácia de diferentes soluções mitigadoras de retração (autógena e por secagem), em misturas de CAA, sendo utilizado como adições ao estudo: aditivo redutor de retração (SRA), adição compensadora de retração do tipo-S (CSA), fibra polimérica de polipropileno (FP) e um tipo de polímero superabsorvente a base de poliacrilato de potássio (SAP). Com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dessas adições foram realizados os ensaios de retração, conforme NM 131 (1997) e avaliação da influência dessas adições nas propriedades no estado fresco e endurecido do CAA. As misturas de CAA foram confeccionadas com três diferentes cimentos (CP V ARI, CP II-Z e CP II-E) em combinação com três teores de SRA (1%, 1,5% e 2%), com três teores de CSA (3%, 5% e 7%), com três teores de FP (0,05%, 0,10% e 0,15%) e com três teores de SPA (0,10%, 0,15% e 0,20%) totalizando 39 amostras. Os resultados de ANOVA mostraram que tanto o tipo de cimento, quanto o tipo da adição influenciam significativamente as propriedades avaliadas nesse estudo, tanto as do estado fresco quanto endurecido. Para mitigar a retração autógena e hidráulica foi verificado a influência do tipo de cimento e adição, onde o emprego de CP II-Z reduz a retração entre os cimentos para as misturas de controle, e a adição de 7% de CSA resultam em menores retrações para todos os concretos. Com os resultados obtidos foi verificado que definir o melhor tipo de adição mitigadora da retração ao CAA é um processo complexo, pois exige, além da análise em laboratório, análise da sua aplicação em campo. Ressalta-se que as adições são, em diferentes proporções, capazes de afetar em diferentes ruas, a retração e as propriedades mecânicas do concreto. Deve-se também ressaltar, que tanto a habilidade passante, quanto a perda de trabalhabilidade, são também afetadas pela escolha do tipo de cimento, tipo de adição e teor empregado. Entretanto, em que pese o fato da ocorrência dessas mudanças, foi possível constatar que os concretos produzidos com cimento CP V ARI e fibra polimérica, nos teores de 0,05%, ou com aditivo compensador de retração, no teor de 7%, apresentam-se como potencialmente aplicáveis em várias utilizações.
Self-compacting concrete (CAA) is the concrete of the future for increasing the performance and reducing noise and risk of accidents in the works, besides allowing the execution of slender elements or with a high rate of reinforcement, besides the elimination of the densification process The concrete. However, due to the high content of cement paste and the porous network refinement, there is an increase in the capillary forces and, consequently, increase of the volumetric changes present in the cement matrix, resulting from the retraction process by hydration and drying of the matrix. In this way, this work seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of different retraction mitigation solutions (autogenous and by drying), in CAA mixtures, being used as additions to the study: additive retraction reducer (SRA), compensatory addition of Stype retraction (CSA), polypropylene polymer fiber (FP) and a type of superabsorbent polymer based on potassium polyacrylate (SAP). To analyze the performance of these additions, the retraction tests were performed according to NM 131 (1997) and evaluation of the influence of these additions on the fresh and hardened CAA properties. The CAA mixtures were made with three different cements (CP V ARI, CP II-Z and CP II-E) in combination with three contents of RAS (1%, 1,5% and 2%), with three levels of CSA (3%, 5% and 7%), with three levels of PF (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) and three SPA contents (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) totaling 39 samples. The results of ANOVA showed that both the type of cement and the type of addition significantly influence the properties evaluated in this study, both fresh and hardened. In order to mitigate the autogenous and hydraulic retraction, the influence of cement type and addition was verified, where the use of CP II-Z reduces the retraction between the cements for the control mixtures, and the addition of 7% of CSA results in smaller retractions For all concrete. With the results obtained, it was verified that defining the best type of addition mitigation of retraction to the CAA is a complex process, since it requires, besides the analysis in the laboratory, analysis of its application in the field. It should be noted that the additions are, in different proportions, able to affect in different streets, the retraction and the mechanical properties of the concrete. It should also be noted that both the throughput and the loss of workability are also affected by the choice of cement type, type of addition and content employed. However, in spite of the fact of the occurrence of these changes, it was possible to verify that the concretes produced with cement CP V ARI and polymer fiber, in the contents of 0.05%, or with compensating additive of retraction, in the content of 7%, present Themselves as potentially applicable in various uses.
Silva, Patricia Ribeiro da. "Influência de adições minerais e aditivo impermeabilizante interno no desempenho de telhas protendidas pré-fabricadas em concreto." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/317.
Повний текст джерелаWith the emerging precast concrete technology, the civil construction has acquired high agility, reducing construction time and greater quality control in execution. Among several precast pieces, tile in prestressed concrete is characterized by selfsupporting spans of up to 25 m, without the existence of an intermediate support structure. Being a slim product, requires an improvement in increasing the durability of the structure because of the steel corrosion and maintain their fitness for use. The objective of this research is to reduce the permeability of the precast tiles, and analyzing their influence in the durability of the concrete face of the aggressiveness classes constants in the NBR 9062/2006, that establish the a/c ratio up to 0,45 and minimum compressive strength characteristic of 40 MPa, positioning themselves as a class of environmental aggressiveness II - Urban. For this, were selected a few mineral admixture from Curitiba/Paraná and a waterproof internal admixture, comparing with the concrete mix pre-existing in production line. The concrete dosages were defined by packing particles and were analysed for mechanical compressive strength, water absorption by immersion and by capillarity and water penetration under pressure, in addition to tests of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), carbonation and chloride ion penetration. About the mechanical compressive strength, the dosage reference showed the best results (due to lower water / cement ratio and higher cement consumption), followed by concrete with waterproofing admixture and metakaolin. For water absorption, all measurements fall as durable concrete, especially the metakaolin additive and filler + waterproofing. For the water absorption, all dosages presented low permeability. For the water penetration under pressure all fall as impervious to several conditions, especially with metakaolin and waterproofing admixture. The MIP test shows that the dosage with filler has a higher concentration of pores and the dosage with metakaolin has the smallest maximum diameter of pores, with a tendency towards refinement in smaller diameters. When analyzing the carbonation, the metakaolin showed the best results, allowing a smaller reinforcement cover for a lifetime of 50 years. As the penetration of chlorides ions, the metakaolin, showed a greater reduction comparing with other dosages for its pozzolanic activity, contributing to the concrete durability. In general, it is possible to improve the concrete impermeability with the addition of 8% of metakaolin by weight of cement, with 5,2% of cement reduction, showing good results also using 1% of waterproofing admixture. As for durability, the optimizing of aggregates granulometric curve and the use of metakaolin enables the use of prefabricated tiles in regions of class of environmental aggressiveness III - Industrial or Marine, observing the minimum concrete cover of reinforcement.
Bayer, Raci Ismail. "Use Of Preplaced Aggregate Concrete For Mass Concrete Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605131/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаone of which as conventional concrete, seven of which as PAC by injection method, and four of which as PAC by the new method mentioned above. In order to examine the specimens that have been prepared by three different methods from thermal properties point of view, the difference between the central and the surface temperatures of the specimens have been followed by the thermocouples located in the specimens during preparation. Also, in order to examine the mechanical properties of the specimens, three core specimens have been taken from each specimen at certain ages, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity tests have been carried out on these core specimens. As a result of the experiments it has been observed that, the PAC specimens prepared by injection method performed better from thermal properties point of view, but worse from mechanical properties point of view than conventional concrete. On the other hand, the PAC specimens prepared by the new method have performed both as well as the other PAC specimens from thermal properties point of view, and as well as conventional concrete from mechanical properties point of view.
Selander, Anders. "Hydrophobic Impregnation of Concrete Structures : Effects on Concrete Properties." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Brobyggnad inkl stålbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12179.
Повний текст джерелаVattenavvisande impregneringsmedel, som i dagsläget till största del består av alkylalkoxysilaner, används ofta på betong för att förlänga livslängden på konstruktionen. Detta syfte uppnås genom att armeringen skyddas mot klorider eller att fukthalten inuti betongen sänks. När betongen impregneras ändras ytskiktets fuktmekaniska egenskaper från hydrofila till hydrofoba vilket gör att vattendroppar kan stoppas medan vattenånga tillåts passera. Dessa förändrade egenskaper kan medföra att kloridinträngningen minskar och att kraftiga regn inte tränger genom det impregnerade skiktet. Denna avhandling presenterar resultat om hur betongen påverkas av en vattenavvisande impregnering. Fukttransport och fuktfixering i betongens ytskikt har undersökts men även sekundära effekter som kloridinträngning, vattenabsorption och förändring i fuktinnehåll vilka alla är av större praktisk nytta. Avhandlingen presenterar också resultat om vilka faktorer som påverkar impregneringens inträngningsdjup och koncentration samt vilken betydelse dessa har för funktionen. För att utvärdera impregneringars effekt i olika miljöer har ett stort antal objekt i Stockholm undersökts, innefattande olika konstruktioner från en tunnel till höghus. Impregneringens inträngningsdjup och koncentration har en avgörande betydelse för dess funktion. De tre viktigaste faktorerna för alla impregneringsmedels inträngning i betong är tid, porositet och fuktnivå. En semiempirisk ekvation har tagits fram där det framgår hur dessa tre faktorer påverkar det slutliga inträngningsdjupet för impregneringen. Till skillnad från obehandlad betong är transportkoefficienten för en impregnerad betong nästan oberoende av den relativa fuktigheten (RF) i omgivningen. Vid höga RF, där största delen av fukttransporten i obehandlad betong sker på grund av kapillärkrafter, är ångtransporten fortfarande den dominerande transportmekanismen i impregnerad betong. Fuktfixeringen i betong påverkas av en impregnering och effekten är störst vid höga RF. Det är dock tydligt att en viss mängd fukt finns inuti den impregnerade betongen. Detta kan förklaras med att största delen av kapillärporerna påverkas av impregneringen medan gelporerna förblir obehandlade. Resultaten indikerar också att fuktnivån vid impregneringstillfället avgör vilken del av porsystemet som kan behandlas och inte bara koncentrationen och inträngningsdjupet. Långtidsegenskaperna hos impregneringen kan delas upp i yt- och djupeffekt. Effekten på ytan avtar normalt sett inom ett år på grund av damm och partiklar, UV-ljus, slitage mm. Djupeffekten påverkas däremot inte av dessa faktorer och kan finnas kvar i decennier. Vattenavvisande impregneringar är inte lösningen på alla fuktrelaterade problem i betong, men om de används på rätt sätt så kan det förlänga livslängden på många konstruktioner. Detta leder till ett bättre hushållande med naturresurser och därmed både ekonomiska och miljömässiga besparingar för samhället.
QC20100715
Svecová, Dagmar. "Behaviour of concrete beams reinforced withFRP prestressed concrete prisms." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/NQ42809.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBaali, Lama. "Self-consolidating concrete for precast, prestressed concrete bridge elements." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40689.
Повний текст джерелаLe présent mémoire expose les résultats de quatre poutres pleine grandeur faisant partie intégrante d’une étude effectuée à l’Université McGill. Le but de cette étude est de valider l’applicabilité des provisions de conception existantes, de l’Association Américaine des Autoroutes d’État et des Officiers de Transport (norme AASHTO), pour l’usage de béton autoplaçant (BAP) dans les poutres précontraintes et préfabriquées de ponts.Les spécimens testés ont une longueur maximale de 31 pieds (9.4 m) avec une distance du centre au centre de 29 pieds (8.8 m). Les poutres ont été coulées une à la fois avec différentes sortes de béton: deux d’entres-elles à partir de béton autoplaçant sans air entrappé, et deux avec du béton haute-performance. Pour chaque sorte, une résistance compressive de 8,000 et 10,000 psi (55.2 et 69 MPa) avec une résistance, avant de précontraindre le béton, de 5,000 et 6,250 psi (34.5 et 43 MPa) à 18 heures, respectivement, ont été testées. Chaque poutre était précontrainte avec huit tendons, grade 270, de 0.6 in (15.2 mm) de diamètre. Six de ces tendons étaient horizontaux alors que deux étaient inclinés 59 pouces (1.5 m) de chaque bord de l’axe central. Les spécimens étaient supportés aux deux extrémités sur des pads de néoprène et étaient testés avec deux charges concentriques situées 59 pouces (1.5 m) de l’axe central.Cette recherche à démontrer que la capacité en cisaillement des poutres testées excédait les valeurs nominales prévues par les normes AASHTO 2004. Les valeurs expérimentales de la résistance à la flexion des poutres aussi excèdent les valeurs nominales prédises.
Saad, Ahmad. "Material properties of concrete used in skewed concrete bridges." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54412.
Повний текст джерелаDöse, Magnus. "Ionizing Radiation in Concrete and Concrete Buildings : Empirical Assessments." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192956.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20160926
Dodds, Wayne J. "Durability performance of coarse crushed concrete aggregate structural concrete." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27534.
Повний текст джерелаHabouh, Mohamed I. "SHEAR TRANSFER STRENGTH OF CONCRETE PLACED AGAINST HARDENED CONCRETE." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1439564977.
Повний текст джерелаSibanda, Bongani. "Vibration based performance assessment of concrete-concrete composite bridges." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8988.
Повний текст джерелаConcrete composites consisting of precast pre-stressed standardized beams and a cast in-situ deck slab have been used for the construction of short to medium span bridges for the past four decades in South Africa and worldwide. The pre-cast beams and cast in-situ slab are commonly connected using shear connectors. Failure of these connectors would compromise the composite action of the structure, thus reducing the load carrying capacity and hence its efficiency. This study seeks to assess the integrity of such shear connectors using dynamic testing and Finite Element (FE) analysis. The main objective of the work is to assess the practicality of vibration-based techniques to detect damaged shear connectors using experimental and analytical modal data. A scaled bridge model was constructed and 10 mm bolts connected the beams and slab to simulate shear connectors in the prototype bridge. Different damage scenarios were introduced by loosening some of the connectors and vibration testing was done to detect the artificial damage. An FE model of the system was also developed. The shear connectors were modelled as non-linear spring elements capable of simulating the composite action between the slab and beams. Damage of shear connectors was simulated by reducing the spring stiffness. The updating of the FE model was done manually by adjusting appropriate spring stiffnesses. The experimental and analytical results show that the natural frequencies are sensitive to this damage. The frequencies dropped from undamaged to severe damaged structure. Very little information was deduced from the damping ratios, modal assurance criteria (MAC) and coordinate modal assurance criteria (COMAC) values. The experimental and analytical first bending, torsion and transverse modes were sensitive to the damaged shear connectors. 65% of damaged connectors were located using these modes. Using experimental modal data, the mode curvatures and flexibility changes were able to locate the damaged region when more than 35% of shear connectors were loosened. However, using numerical data, the mode curvatures and flexibility changes were able to localize the damaged region for 6% damage introduced. 75% of the loosened connectors were identified. The stiffness change technique could only identify less than 10% of damaged shear connectors using experimental modal data. The same technique was applied on analytical data and over 75% of damaged shear connectors were located. The FE modelling of shear connectors used in this work was applied on an existing bridge. Van der Kloof bridge (South Africa) was constructed using precast pre-stressed beams and a cast in-situ slab. Extended beam web stirrups were used as shear connectors. The main aim was to develop a robust FE model for this bridge that could be used in future to investigate the condition of shear connectors. Using 6-0 non-linear spring elements to model the shear connectors, a maximum difference of 0.98% was observed between the measured and theoretical frequencies after manual updating. This is quite a small difference. This model could therefore be used as a true representative of the physical structure for future investigations.
Kamat, Anuja Ganesh. "Split Concrete Model for Shear Behavior of Concrete Beams." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193611.
Повний текст джерелаFerreira, Diego de Vasconcelos Gonçalves. "Edifícios com lajes maciças e paredes portantes pré-moldadas de concreto leve com pérolas de EPS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-29072013-114842/.
Повний текст джерелаCurrently, many construction companies do not follow the technological advances, preferring to use conventional systems rather than investing in new solutions. Moreover, there are serious problems with manpower, which are increasingly present in society. This work presents the design of a building with precast elements of lightweight concrete with EPS beads, considering solid slabs ready to use and load bearing walls, made with this type of material. As a rule, the ultimate limit states and serviceability were considered for the elements of the structure, using classical models of structural analysis. For modelling the building, the commercial software SAP2000 was used. Regarding the procedures for dimensioning of the pieces, Excel spreadsheets were prepared, while the detailing was carried out by means of the AutoCAD. Defined structural design, construction aspects were considered in the factory and in the work, taking into account costs of production and transportation, besides presenting the advantages that this constructive system can provide. These costs were considered for the solid slabs ready to use and for the precast walls. Even taking into account only the cost of production and transportation, the Lightweight Concrete with EPS was compared with Self-compacting Concrete, allowing visualize the advantages of the former when considering the overall cost of the project.
Bazalar, La Puerta Luis Ricardo, and Calderón Miguel Antonio Jesús Cadenillas. "Propuesta de agregado reciclado para la elaboración de concreto estructural con f’c=280 kg/cm2 en estructuras aporticadas en la ciudad de Lima para reducir la contaminación ambiental." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628103.
Повний текст джерелаThe present research work to choose the degree in Civil Engineering, with emphasis in the construction branch, had the purpose of evaluating and comparing the behavior of concrete with different proportions of substitution of natural coarse aggregate (AN) by aggregates of recycled concrete (ACR ) in order to obtain a concrete design that allows the reduction and use of natural aggregates, and thus reduce the depredation of quarries. The behavior was evaluated by analyzing the mechanical properties and durability of the types of mixtures made with the objective of obtaining an optimal substitution ratio of AN by ACR so that the properties are within the parameters indicated by the standards. On the other hand, a model of a contributed structure was made to make an Environmental Impact Assessment by using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in the Athena program and, subsequently, the results obtained in said program were compared.
Tesis
Vogt, Carsten. "Ultrafine particles in concrete : Influence of ultrafine particles on concrete properties and application to concrete mix design." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12161.
Повний текст джерелаZhuang, Jianmin. "Evaluation of concrete mix designs to mitigate early-age shrinkage cracking in bridge decks." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/j_zhuang_072709.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 21, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96).
Leite, Ana Cecilia Ferreira. "Comportamento estrutural de edificações de concreto de múltiplos pavimentos considerando o efeito construtivo." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1175.
Повний текст джерелаNos últimos anos, a indústria da construção civil experimentou um forte crescimento na demanda por edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos de concreto armado. Este comportamento do mercado impulsionou construtores a acelerar todas as etapas do processo de construção, a fim de entregar a edificação em um tempo cada vez mais curto. Como decorrência deste fato, as estruturas são carregadas mais precocemente, ocasião em que as suas propriedades de resistência e deformação ainda não se encontram suficientemente maduras para suportar o carregamento construtivo que a solicita. Com a finalidade de compreender quais consequências são provocadas por esse carregamento prematuro da estrutura e analisar a importância dos efeitos construtivos no projeto de edificações de concreto armado, o trabalho traz o resultado de análises não-lineares realizadas com o Método dos Elementos Finitos adotando uma abordagem usualmente referida como staged construction construção em estágios aplicada a uma edificação real, situada na Cidade do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Nestas análises foram levados em consideração os efeitos da retração, fluência e envelhecimento do concreto. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os deslocamentos verticais nos pilares, decorrentes dos efeitos construtivos, são fortemente alterados quando comparados com os deslocamentos verticais resultantes da análise sem a consideração dos estágios de construção. A não consideração desses efeitos construtivos podem, em alguns casos, conduzir a manifestações patológicas importantes na edificação.
The building industry has experienced in recent years a strong growth in demand in general and in the case of reinforced concrete buildings this increase has been more marked. This fact has also contributed to accelerate all stages of the production process of these constructions with more pronounced effects on the methodologies used in the constructive steps that influence directly the structural design of the building. Structures loaded at ever earlier ages, in which the strength and deformation properties of materials are not yet sufficiently mature, it is a variable that needs to be taken into account already in the design phase so that the concrete structure behaves within acceptable level of reliability taking into account design code recommendations for service life. To understand the importance of constructive effects and to assess its magnitude in the execution of reinforced concrete buildings, this paper present result from nonlinear analyses using Finite Element Method adopting an approach commonly referred as staged construction applied to a typical building found in the practice. The effects of creep and shrinkage were considered and the results obtained demonstrate that the strains due to constructive effects can, in certain cases, assume representative values which, if ignored, can lead to important pathologies in the building.
Movassaghi, Ramtin. "Durability of Reinforced Concrete Incorporating Recycled Concrete as Aggregate(RCA)." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2884.
Повний текст джерелаThe interest in using recycled construction materials is derived from the growth in construction and demolition waste due to rehabilitation and natural and technological disasters. The driving force for recycling concrete is three-fold: preserving natural resources, utilizing the growing waste and saving energy and money. While some waste concrete is currently being crushed and used for grading and base material for highways, it has not been used as the aggregate in new concrete in Canada, largely because of the plentiful supply of good quality virgin material. However, crushed concrete is being used in new concrete in other parts of the world where the local aggregate is inferior, and there is now a push within the Canadian cement and concrete sector to improve the industry sustainability, one aspect of which is recycling of materials.
The research done to date has emphasized the influence of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on the workability and strength of the new concrete with little attention being paid to the behaviour in service. In contrast, the present study is focused on the durability of concrete containing RCA in reinforced structures. Since the most common cause of failure of reinforced concrete structures in this part of the world is corrosion of the reinforcement by de-icing salts, the focus of the project is on this aspect of durability. The project involves a comparative study of the durability of three concrete mixtures containing, as coarse aggregate:
- new clean recycled concrete aggregate (NC-RCA) obtained by crushing the excess concrete returned to the ready mix yard;
- old de-icing salt contaminated, recycled concrete aggregate ( OC-RCA) from a demolished bridge over Highway 401 in Ontario;
- natural aggregate as a control material.
The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of the steel was monitored using linear polarization resistance and cyclic polarization techniques. In addition, the physical properties of the materials were assessed. For the aggregates, water absorption, chloride content and susceptibility to abrasion were determined. For the concretes, compressive strength, salt scaling resistance and chloride permeability were measured and microscopic observation of the interfacial zones between the aggregate and the new cement paste were conducted.
On the basis of the results, it is concluded that the durability and the strength of the RCA concrete is very dependent on the age of the RCA aggregate. Water and chloride permeability, and, salt scaling and reinforcing steel corrosion resistance of concrete made with a very well hardened old RCA were comparable with or better than those of in normal concrete. Concrete incorporating new RCA exhibited inferior properties and consequently, it is recommended that, the OC-RCA concrete can be used as a sustainable material in structural applications.
Kukla, Konrad K. "Concrete at high temperatures : hygro-thermo-mechanical degradation of concrete." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1666/.
Повний текст джерелаLeung, Chun-yu Cliff, and 梁鎮宇. "Performance of in-situ concrete stitches in precast concrete segmentalbridges." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617758.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy