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1
Das, Prabir K., Anthony L. Ricci, Huang Ni, and Paul Harrington. "Use of Soldier Pile–Tremie Concrete Slurry Walls as Permanent Tunnel Walls." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1541, no. 1 (January 1996): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154100120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analysis and design of soldier pile–tremie concrete (SPTC) slurry walls for the Massachusetts Highway Department's (MHD) Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T) Project in downtown Boston are discussed. Unlike most slurry walls, which are used as temporary support for excavation during construction, these SPTC walls are designed also as the permanent wall system for the tunnels. The CA/T includes more than 6.1 km (20,000 ft) of slurry walls. Most of the walls are designed and are to be constructed as SPTC walls. Steel wide-flange soldier piles are installed at 1.21- to 1.83-m (4- to 6-ft) spacings in a slurry trench, and the tremie concrete is placed to form the concrete wall. The steel wide-flange piles form the primary support system for the wall. In most of the locations, the concrete is designed to act as “lagging” spanning between the structural steel members. The concrete base slab is rigidly connected to the SPTC walls, and the composite roof is pin-connected to the walls to form the tunnel. The following topics are discussed after an introduction to the project: geotechnical conditions, design concept of the SPTC slurry walls, design consideration, underpinning of the existing Central Artery, and low head-room construction.
2
Massone, Leonardo M., Patricio Bonelli, René Lagos, Carl Lüders, Jack Moehle, and John W. Wallace. "Seismic Design and Construction Practices for RC Structural Wall Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 1_suppl1 (June 2012): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reinforced concrete buildings utilizing structural walls for lateral load resistance are the predominant form of construction in Chile for buildings over four stories. Typical buildings include a large number of walls, with ratios of wall cross-sectional area to floor plan area of roughly 3% in each principal direction. Based on the good performance of RC buildings in the March 1985 earthquake, requirements for closely spaced transverse reinforcement at wall boundaries were excluded when Chile adopted a new concrete code in 1996 based on ACI 318-95. In recent years, use of three-dimensional linear models along with modal response spectrum analysis has become common. Since 1985, nearly 10,000 new buildings have been permitted. Although the newer buildings have similar wall area to floor plan areas as older buildings, newer walls are thinner and buildings are taller, leading to significantly higher wall axial load ratios.
3
Redmond, Laura, Lawrence Kahn, and Reginald DesRoches. "Design and Construction of Hybrid Concrete-Masonry Structures Informed by Cyclic Tests." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 4 (November 2016): 2337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/051615eqs070m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reinforced concrete buildings with masonry infill are vulnerable in earthquakes primarily because the masonry walls often fail due to out-of-plane forces and can trigger soft-story collapses. In order to prevent these failures, many engineers in the Caribbean have partially reinforced the infill walls and connected them to the reinforced concrete frame. This forms a hybrid concrete-masonry structure. Hybrid concrete-masonry structures have the potential to improve the seismic performance of many structures across the globe, as they are an easy adaptation from traditional unreinforced masonry infill. However, there is little codified guidance for this type of structure, and the influence of the masonry infill and dowel connections on the in-plane behavior of the frame is often neglected. This paper summarizes the current design and construction practices for hybrid concrete-masonry structures and assesses their seismic performance via cyclic tests on full scale test specimens. Based on the results of the experiment, a method is proposed to account for the dowel connections and the partially reinforced infill when designing hybrid concrete-masonry structures in earthquake zones.
4
Frydrych, Mateusz, Grzegorz Kacprzak, and Paweł Nowak. "Modern Methods of Diaphragm Walls Design." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 14004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132414004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article addresses hazard reduction in deep excavations. The authors present a possible combination of prestressing of concrete structures (from bridge engineering) and prestressed structures of diaphragm walls from geotechnical engineering science. This innovative concept has not yet been shown in scientific articles. The “Sofistik” software (with TENDON module–SYSP/AXES/TOPP/TGEO) and its use is shown, with graphical presentations of the suggested solution. The authors compare the provided solution through usage of Sofistik and Plaxis software. The results show possible strengthening of sustainable construction by limitation of hazards and decreasing costs (via limitation of use of expensive steel reinforcement).
5
Bellová, Maria. "Fire Walls Made from Concrete and Masonry - Barriers against a Fire Spreading." Key Engineering Materials 691 (May 2016): 408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.691.408.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fire exposure of a construction represents an accidental load (temporary with a high intensity) and it´s appearance during service life of the construction is improbable. All structural eurocodes, which deal with the normal temperature (20°C) design of structures made from loadbearing materials (steel, steel and concrete composite, concrete, masonry and timber), include always Part 1-2: Structural fire design. Concrete, similar to the masonry, has (in comparison with other construction materials such as steel and timber), an excellent resistance against fire exposure. This is why both of these materials are used for construction of fire walls, which create barriers against the fire spreading. Fire walls separate two spaces and they are designed for fire resistance and structural stability, including resistance to mechanical impact. In the case of fire and failure of the structure on one side of the fire wall, fire spread beyond the wall is avoided. Properties of concrete and masonry walls, subject to fire exposure, are however negatively influenced. Concrete compressive strength is reduced depending on the aggregate choice. The strength of reinforcing bars is also reduced at elevated temperature, by an amount which strongly depends on the axis distance of the reinforcing bars from an edge of a cross section, too. The behaviour of a masonry wall depends on a masonry unit type and material, type of the mortar, the density of units, type of the wall construction, and applied surface finishes. In the present article we discuss basic principles of the design and assessment of various concrete and masonry fire walls and compare their effect - fire resistance period – depending on their thickness.
6
Popescul, Angela, and Serghei Popescul. "Volumetric-Adjustable Formwork for the Construction of Reinforced- Concrete Monolithic Buildings." Intllectus, no. 1 (July 2022): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56329/1810-7087.22.1.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reinforced-concrete monolithic buildings offer high seismic resistance due to the lack of joints be-tween load-bearing walls and floors. Thus, the construction of residential, public, socio-cultural rein-forced-concrete monolithic buildings was applied for the first time in Chisinau. A three-dimensional formwork was used as technological equipment, designed for simultaneous pouring of concrete into vertical walls and floors, forming an integral construction. The formwork is made in the form of flat panels or large U-shaped and L-shaped sections, joined by a mechanism of approach and extension to the design dimensions of the concrete room. After the concrete hardens, the structure is transferred by a crane for successive concreting of the next floors.
7
Yepes, Víctor, José V. Martí, and José García. "Black Hole Algorithm for Sustainable Design of Counterfort Retaining Walls." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072767.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The optimization of the cost and CO 2 emissions in earth-retaining walls is of relevance, since these structures are often used in civil engineering. The optimization of costs is essential for the competitiveness of the construction company, and the optimization of emissions is relevant in the environmental impact of construction. To address the optimization, black hole metaheuristics were used, along with a discretization mechanism based on min–max normalization. The stability of the algorithm was evaluated with respect to the solutions obtained; the steel and concrete values obtained in both optimizations were analyzed. Additionally, the geometric variables of the structure were compared. Finally, the results obtained were compared with another algorithm that solved the problem. The results show that there is a trade-off between the use of steel and concrete. The solutions that minimize CO 2 emissions prefer the use of concrete instead of those that optimize the cost. On the other hand, when comparing the geometric variables, it is seen that most remain similar in both optimizations except for the distance between buttresses. When comparing with another algorithm, the results show a good performance in optimization using the black hole algorithm.
8
Bilčík, Juraj, Július Šoltész, Lýdia Leppakorpi Matiašková, and Katarína Gajdošová. "Causes of Failures in Circular Concrete Silo Walls, Particularly Under Environmental Influences." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2021-0021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper reports the results of a case study for achieving longer service life and increasing the environmental sustainability of concrete silos. Damage mechanisms in concrete silo walls, and respectively in cylindrical structures (e.g., chimneys, cooling towers, and tanks), are widely diverse. The common causes of failures include those due to poor design considerations, construction deficiencies, non-compliance with operational rules and regulations, lack of maintenance, and insufficient and/or corroded reinforcements, together with the environmental conditions affecting the walls. In addition to the ultimate limit state design, temperature-induced cracking may often be underestimated in the design of reinforced concrete silos, leading to premature deterioration and losses in serviceability. Cracks from environmental or service conditions facilitate the ingress of moisture and corrosive agents. Therefore, there is an increased interest in reducing the appearance of cracks and limiting their width. The aim of this paper is to highlight the synergistic effects in the design, construction, and operation of silo walls, particularly under varying environmental influences. The research undertaken indicates that systematic errors can be identified and corrected.
9
Yang, Xinlei, and Hailiang Wang. "Seismic Behavior of Rammed Earth Walls with Precast Concrete Tie Columns." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9739853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rammed earth (RE) constructions are widespread in underdeveloped rural areas in developing countries. However, these RE constructions are often susceptible to earthquake damage due to their poor seismic performance. Precast concrete tie columns and ring beam (tie bars) were proposed to improve the seismic behavior of RE constructions. Four RE walls, including a traditional RE wall and three RE walls with precast concrete tie columns and ring beam (tie bars), were tested under reversed cyclic loading, and the seismic behavior of these tested specimens was evaluated in terms of failure pattern, energy dissipation, displacement ductility, and stiffness degradation. The results showed that a significant increase of the load-bearing and deformation capacity could be achieved with the application of precast concrete tie columns in combination with RE. The load-bearing capacity and deformation capacity of traditional RE wall were increased by an average of 113% and 417%, respectively. These test results could provide reference to the design and construction of the environmental-friendly structures in rural areas.
10
Wallace, John W., Leonardo M. Massone, Patricio Bonelli, Jeff Dragovich, René Lagos, Carl Lüders, and Jack Moehle. "Damage and Implications for Seismic Design of RC Structural Wall Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 1_suppl1 (June 2012): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1996, Chile adopted NCh433.Of96, which includes seismic design approaches similar to those used in ASCE 7-10 (2010) and a concrete code based on ACI 318-95 (1995) . Since reinforced concrete buildings are the predominant form of construction in Chile for buildings over four stories, the 27 February 2010 earthquake provides an excellent opportunity to assess the performance of reinforced concrete buildings designed using modern codes similar to those used in the United States. A description of observed damage is provided and correlated with a number of factors, including relatively high levels of wall axial load, the lack of well-detailed wall boundaries, and the common usage of flanged walls. Based on a detailed assessment of these issues, potential updates to U.S. codes and recommendations are suggested related to design and detailing of special reinforced concrete shear walls.
11
Rubin, Oleg D., Sergey E. Lisichkin, and Fedor A. Pashchenko. "Results of experimental researches of reinforced concrete retaining walls." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-2-152-160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relevance. Hydroelectric facilities include reinforced concrete retaining walls. They are intended to protect the main structures from the collapse and sliding of soil massifs. Retaining walls are characterized by significant size, relatively low content of reinforcement, the presence of horizontal interblock seams, which considerably affects the features of the work and the state of retaining walls. The normative documents that were in force during the design and construction of most retaining walls (the second half of the last century) did not fully take into account the features of the retaining walls, as a result of which long-term operation revealed deviations from the design premises, including excessive displacement of the top of the walls, the disclosure of horizontal interblock joints, which exceeded the design values. In a number of cases, reinforced concrete structures of retaining walls were reinforced in areas of interblock joints. The aim of the work is to conduct experimental studies of reinforced concrete retaining walls, including taking into account their reinforcement by inclined reinforcing bars. Methods. The technique of experimental studies of hydraulic engineering reinforced concrete structures was applied in accordance with regulatory documents and the developed program of experimental studies of reinforced concrete retaining walls. The results obtained showed the opening of horizontal interblock joints, the formation of inclined cracks emerging from the joints. An increase in the strength of reinforced concrete structures of retaining walls and a decrease in their deformability due to reinforcement by inclined rods in the area of the interblock weld were recorded.
12
Gąska, Piotr. "Numerical analysis of construction of drainage system for precipitation waters." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 3 (September 11, 2013): 091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1994.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Progressive implements which make possible advanced geotechnical analysis, induced the author to verify previously accepted engineering solutions of construction of rain waters drainage system with the use of reinforced concrete walls and horizontal geogrids. The quantitative analysis of stress distribution in ground medium around the drainage system was performed in numerical model with the use of finite element method . This analysis confirmed previous – intuitive and qualitative - assumptions of the technical design. The application of reinforced concrete walls, transmission of ground lateral pressure to the soil below and the above drainage system, result in twofold reduction of horizontal components of ground stresses in area between reinforced walls and the drainage. The usage of two layers of geogrid over the drainage system made possible strain relief of this system (in the middle, the most sensitive zone) in vertical direction of about 75%.
13
Paulay, Thomas. "The Design of Ductile Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls for Earthquake Resistance." Earthquake Spectra 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 783–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the design of reinforced concrete multistorey buildings, in which lateral load resistance has been assigned to structural walls, the emphasis should be on a rational strategy in the positioning of walls and the establishment of a hierarchy in the development of strengths to ensure that in the event of a very large earthquake brittle failure will not occur. The preferred mode of energy dissipation should be flexure in a predictable region. Therefore failures due to diagonal tension or compression, crushing of concrete in compression, sliding along construction joints, instability of wall elements or reinforcing bars and breakdown of anchorages should be suppressed. These aims may be achieved with the application of a deterministic design philosophy and they necessitate special detailing and dimensioning of potentially plastic regions of walls. In several areas differences exist between code provisions and practices in the United States and New Zealand.
14
Besevic, M., M. Vojnic Purcar, L. Kozaric, and S. Bursac. "Structural design of the radar station of “Besna Kobila” Serbia." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1242/1/012005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The location of the new radar station facility is located at the top of the Besna Kobila mountain in Serbia at an altitude of approximately 1904 m. The construction of the building is reinforced concrete. The building consists of ground floor and first floor with technical and other areas. From the 2nd to the 6th floor there is a communication central reinforced concrete core. At the level of the 6th floor, a platform was formed for storing equipment and supporting the antenna dome with a diameter of R = 15. The total height of the building with a dome is H = 37.0 m. Horizontal floor structures are in the form of reinforced concrete slabs supported on reinforced concrete walls 20 (30) cm thick, columns of different dimensions, and a system of reinforced concrete beams of different cross section. The vertical construction consists of load-bearing reinforced concrete columns, external and internal concrete walls. In the central part of the building, there is a staircase in the form of reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of d = 16 cm, as well as reinforced concrete elevator core with a square base of approximately 560.0 cm. The calculation of the structure is performed for loads from its own weight, constant loads from the materialization of the object, loads from the equipment and for payloads: from snow and wind and seismic loads of intensity IX. The basic load of the dome is the wind according to the average speed of 70.0 m / sec (according to the measured data). The foundation of the building is on a reinforced concrete slab and reinforcements-capitals under the columns.
15
Zuo, Jun. "The Design Application of Steel Fiber Concrete on Bottom Frame Structure." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.1241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concrete frame with bottom frame structure bear the load from the upper floors, roofing and brick walls, internal force is quite large, so the designed section size of frame beams is big, sometimes even the clear height of the building can't meet the architectural requirements; And more reinforcement, construction of concrete are difficult to pound, even vibration bar are difficult to insert into the beam, seriously influence the construction quality of reinforced concrete and the frame structure quality can't t be assured. This article introduces the design and application of steel fiber reinforced concrete in the bottom frame through the practical engineering examples. Steel fiber concrete can enhance the tensile and shear strength, and make it has good resistance to crack and toughness. As a result of the steel fiber concrete, the bearing capacity of bottom frame is greatly improved, and the problem in the project is solved.
16
Nguyen, Kate TQ, Tuan Ngo, Priyan Mendis, and David Heath. "Performance of high-strength concrete walls exposed to fire." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 8 (September 26, 2017): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217732500.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-strength concrete is becoming very popular around the world due to its many advantages over normal-strength concrete. There are significant behavioural differences between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete, most notably the brittleness and sudden spalling under elevated temperatures, whereby pieces of hardened concrete explosively dislodge. Although all high-rise and even many medium-rise buildings have high-strength concrete walls, the spalling of high-strength concrete walls in fire has generally been ignored by the designers and the fire resistance of walls has been calculated using the rules specified for normal-strength concrete. Catastrophic failures could occur due to this ignorance of an important issue. Major design codes including the American and Australian Codes do not cover spalling adequately. Even the Eurocode rules are based on limited research. After a brief discussion on the present design practice, this article presents a summary of spalling research. The relevant results from a comprehensive study conducted at the University of Melbourne are briefly discussed. The authors are not aware of any other comprehensive research projects covering the fire behaviour of normal-strength concrete and high-strength concrete walls exposed not only to standard fires but also hydrocarbon fires. The results showed that spalling in high-strength concrete is more significant when subjected to hydrocarbon fire compared to normal-strength concrete. The level of compressive load on the panels was also found to have a significant effect on the fire performance of the high-strength concrete panels. The finite analysis element program, ANSYS, was used to model the concrete walls subjected to load and fire (both ISO834 Standard fire and hydrocarbon fire). The test results were used to validate the computer model.
17
Talatahari, S., R. Sheikholeslami, M. Shadfaran, and M. Pourbaba. "Optimum Design of Gravity Retaining Walls Using Charged System Search Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/301628.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focuses on the optimum design retaining walls, as one of the familiar types of the retaining walls which may be constructed of stone masonry, unreinforced concrete, or reinforced concrete. The material cost is one of the major factors in the construction of gravity retaining walls therefore, minimizing the weight or volume of these systems can reduce the cost. To obtain an optimal seismic design of such structures, this paper proposes a method based on a novel meta-heuristic algorithm. The algorithm is inspired by the Coulomb's and Gauss’s laws of electrostatics in physics, and it is called charged system search (CSS). In order to evaluate the efficiency of this algorithm, an example is utilized. Comparing the results of the retaining wall designs obtained by the other methods illustrates a good performance of the CSS. In this paper, we used the Mononobe-Okabe method which is one of the pseudostatic approaches to determine the dynamic earth pressure.
18
Daneshvar, Hossein, Mahboobeh Fakhrzarei, Fernanda Imamura, Yuxiang Chen, Lijun Deng, and Ying Hei Chui. "Structural Analysis and Design of Sustainable Cross-Laminated Timber Foundation Walls." Buildings 12, no. 7 (July 9, 2022): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070979.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is widespread enthusiasm toward utilizing mass timber panels (MTP), mainly cross-laminated timber (CLT), in construction, including for the basements of low-rise buildings. CLT is deemed a sustainable alternative to the widely used concrete foundation walls due to significant advantages such as less vulnerability to cracking due to uneven load distribution and presence of concentrated loads, higher thermal resistance, less construction time due to whole-wall prefabrication and installation, and less detrimental environmental effects. This study is part of an extensive research program aimed at developing the structural analysis and design concepts and methodology for constructing house foundation walls using MTPs, focusing on the usage of CLT. After comparison of CLT basements with their equivalent concrete ones from the sustainability point of view, and a brief discussion on geotechnical and hygrothermal considerations, the main theme of the article includes the structural analysis and design methodology, requirements, and the procedure to achieve a reliable and efficient design of a CLT basement. A simplified analysis procedure to design the laminate thicknesses and the number of layers in CLT foundation walls for different scenarios considering various variables such as soil type and backfill height is discussed, and results in the form of pre-engineered design tables are provided. The findings of this study demonstrate that, depending on the soil type and backfill height, 3–7-ply CLT panels would be needed for net wall heights of up to 3 m. Additionally, advanced finite element analyses are performed on sample architypes to validate the simplified analysis procedure used for design. It is shown that the proposed analysis procedure and the pre-engineered tables produce conservative and efficient results.
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Hou, He Tao, Yan Fei Sun, Jian Zhou, Zhong Long Lv, and Jing Jing Li. "Design and Application of Lightweight Steel Residential House." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presented a design of a steel residential house. H-shaped steel was chosen as the beam and column of the steel frame. End-plate joints and welding node joints were used to connect each other so that the structure could be constructed rapidly and conveniently. PK prestressed concrete composite slab was chosen as the floor and roof slab. PK slab could be produced in factory and dont need formwork assembling and setting and could reduce the amount of work on-site, and could shorten the period of construction effectively. Composite panels with steel truss reinforced concrete and bamboo reinforced ceramic concrete were chosen as exterior walls. Compared with aerated concrete block wall with external insulation, composite panels had the advantages such as lightweight, energy saving, rapid installation, less slit and small thickness of wallboard and better seismic behavior. Application of the technology made the steel residential house a lightweight, energy saving and rapid construction house.
20
Harries, Kent A., Denis Mitchell, Richard G. Redwood, and William D. Cook. "Nonlinear seismic response predictions of walls coupled with steel and concrete beams." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design and nonlinear dynamic analyses of four coupled wall prototype structures are presented. Two ductile partially coupled and two ductile coupled wall structures are considered, each having reinforced concrete and steel coupling beams. The design of each of the prototype structures was based on the provisions of the 1995 National Building Code of Canada. Nonlinear dynamic analyses of each structure, using four different scaled earthquake ground motions are presented and the results discussed. Comparisons of the responses of the structures with concrete and steel coupling beams are made, demonstrating the advantages of using steel beams to couple reinforced concrete walls.Key words: composite construction, coupled wall, diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beam, "flexure critical" steel coupling beam, seismic design, "shear critical" steel coupling beam.
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Hong, Sung-Gul, Wonki Kim, Kyung-Jin Lee, Namhee Kim Hong, and Dong-Hun Lee. "Out-of-Plane Shear Strength of Steel-Plate-Reinforced Concrete Walls Dependent on Bond Behavior." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0385.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the out-of-plane shear behavior of composite steel-plate-reinforced concrete walls (SC walls) and proposes their shear-strength-models based on plasticity theory limit analysis. For speedy, modular construction, SC walls are fabricated using double-skin steel plates with welded shear studs and sandwiching concrete between them. A review of current design formulas provides better understanding of bond-stress-dependent shear behavior relying on studs of SC walls. We conducted experiments on bondstrength-dependent arch and/or truss action to verify proposed shear-strength models with test results. Test results, including those from literature, agreed well with the strength anticipated by proposed formulas.
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Kurama, Yahya C. "Seismic Design of Partially Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Walls." PCI Journal 50, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 100–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07012005.100.125.
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Ulfiana, D., Suripin, D. A. Wulandari, N. N. Hudaifah, and N. H. Salsabila. "The development of permeable pavement from demolished construction waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In Indonesia, paving blocks are one of the most extensively used building materials. Paving blocks are ideal for making roads, parks, and parking lots because they are easy to install, durable, and weather-resistant. The high demand for paving blocks contributes to the increasing demand for aggregate as the main material for paving blocks. This has an indirect impact on the environment. On the other hand, building demolition waste is increasing. The majority of these building materials are non-biodegradable, such as concrete, plaster, brick walls, and tiles, which could harm the environment. Therefore, this study aims to see the possibility of using demolished concrete, brick walls, and tiles as a substitute for the aggregate in the production of permeable paving blocks. Each substitute material is then sampled and evaluated with compressive strength and infiltration rate to find the most optimum permeable paving block design. Based on the analysis, permeable paving blocks that use concrete as a substitute for coarse aggregate have better permeability and compressive strength compared to paving blocks that use brick walls and tiles waste. This paving block has an infiltration rate of 858 mm/hour and compressive strength of 11.68 MPa which is suitable for use in the park.
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Zhang, Jianwei, Wenbin Zheng, Cheng Yu, and Wanlin Cao. "Shaking table test of reinforced concrete coupled shear walls with single layer of web reinforcement and inclined steel bars." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 15 (May 19, 2018): 2282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218772350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, five 1/4 scaled shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete coupled shear walls with single layer of web reinforcement and inclined steel bars. The five tested coupled shear walls included three models with normal opening ratio (19%) and two models with large hole ratio (27%). The three models with normal opening included one model with single layer of web reinforcement, two models with single layer of web reinforcement and 75° inclined steel bars in the limbs’ web or at the bottom. Two reinforced concrete coupled shear walls with large hole and single row of reinforcements also were tested with inclined reinforcements or without them. The dynamic characteristics, dynamic response, and failure mode of each model were compared and analyzed. The test and analysis results demonstrate that the inclined steel bars are identified as an efficient means of limiting overall deformation, increasing energy dissipation, and reducing the possible damage by earthquake for reinforced concrete coupled shear walls with single layer of web reinforcement. Thus, reinforced concrete coupled shear walls with inclined steel bars have better seismic performance than reinforced concrete coupled shear walls without inclined steel bars. With appropriate design, reinforced concrete coupled shear walls with single layer of web reinforcement and inclined steel bars can be applied in multi-story buildings.
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Li, Jiuyang, Li Chen, Xiaoyu Wang, and Fangqi Li. "Study and Numerical Analysis on Seismic Performance of Concrete U-Shaped Shear Wall." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (December 28, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2838691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rectangular, L-shaped, and T-shaped section concrete shear walls in high-rise buildings are more frequently used in engineering and are widely studied. However, there are few studies related to the load-bearing performance of concrete shear walls with U-shaped sections. In this article, the seismic performance and damage mechanisms are analyzed in a systematic manner. In addition, a finite element model was developed using ABAQUS software, and numerical simulation was carried out. The damage forms and load-carrying capacity of shear walls with U-shaped sections were validated. Finally, reasonable suggestions and construction measures are given for the design of shear walls with U-shaped sections, and a benchmark is provided for relevant engineering applications.
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Nedbailo, O. M., and O. G. Chernyshyn. "Technological properties of porous concrete autoclave and non-autoclave hardening." Кераміка: наука і життя, no. 3(48) (October 12, 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26909/csl.3.2020.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some aspects of resource saving problem in the process of construction of heated construction installations are considered in the paper, also heat transfer problem in porouse concrete. Is paid attention to necessity of application with mass construction of habitation of products from porouse concrete, first of all - products from of cellular concrete.
In article the basic requirements of the standard documents regulating constructive properties of various building materials, including various concrete are analysed.
The design a warm wall on the basis of products from porous concrete is considered. Its advantages in comparison with known designs of warm walls are shown.
In article changes of technological properties of various building materials are considered at influence on them of a moisture. The analysis of the standard-regulating documents, concerning operational qualities, concerning reliability and durability of designs is carried out.
The basic technical properties gas-concrete non-autoclave solidification on the basis of a waste stone machining are analysed. Results of researches technology indicators cement cellular concrete non-autoclave solidification with offered filling material are resulted.
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Aldosari, Mohammed, Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh, Darcy Bullock, and Ayman Habib. "A Mobile LiDAR for Monitoring Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls with Textured Precast Concrete Panels." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020306.
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Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls retain soil on steep, unstable slopes with crest loads. Over the last decade, they are becoming quite popular due to their high cost-to-benefit ratio, design flexibility, and ease of construction. Like any civil infrastructure, MSE walls need to be continuously monitored according to transportation asset management criteria during and after the construction stage to ensure that their expected serviceability measures are met and to detect design and/or construction issues, which could lead to structural failure. Current approaches for monitoring MSE walls are mostly qualitative (e.g., visual inspection or examination). Besides being time consuming, visual inspection might have inconsistencies due to human subjectivity. This research focuses on a comprehensive strategy using a mobile LiDAR mapping System (MLS) for the acquisition and processing of point clouds covering the MSE wall. The processing strategy delivers a set of global and local performance measure for MSE walls. Moreover, it is also capable of handling MSE walls with smooth or textured panels with the latter being the focus of this research due to its more challenging nature. For this study, an ultra-high-accuracy wheel-based MLS has been developed to efficiently acquire reliable data conducive to the development of the serviceability measures. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed acquisition/processing strategy, two case studies in this research have been conducted with the first one focusing on the comparative performance of static and mobile LiDAR in terms of the agreement of the derived serviceability measures. The second case study aims at illustrating the feasibility of the proposed strategy in handling large textured MSE walls. Results from both case studies confirm the potential of using MLS for efficient, economic, and reliable monitoring of MSE walls.
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Avila, Jorge A., David A. Lopez, and Jorge Arturo Avila-Haro. "Inelastic Dynamic and Non-Linear Static Seismic Performance of a Building with RC Walls that Collapsed in the Chile’s Earthquake of February 2010 and a Building with RC Concrete Frame Designed in the Mexico City." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.161.
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The objectives in this paper are the followings: evaluate the seismic performance of the three buildings and compare the elastic and inelastic seismic responses of the buildings, calculated with the records CCH-NS (Chilean earthquake 2010) and SCT-EW (Mexican earthquake 1985) of the cases of strengths elastic and inelastic with nominal strength and over-strength of each model. The building 1 is a real case of a concrete wall building that collapsed during the Chilean earthquake of February 27, 2010. The building 2 was analyzed and designed with the Chilean Norm “Seismic Design of Buildings” (NCH-433) and “Reinforced Concrete–Design and Calculus Requirements” (NCH-430). The analyses and design of the building 3 was realized with the Mexican Norms “Complementary Technical Norms for seismic design” (NTC-Seismic), “Complementary Technical Norms for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures” (NTC-Concrete) of the “Code of Constructions for the Federal District” (RCDF-04). The elastic and inelastic seismic responses of each building were calculated with the step by step dynamic method. Should be avoided that the fundamental period of vibration of the structures match with the dominant period of the ground (Ts). In the design of concrete structural walls is very important classified the walls according to its slenderness in order to recognize the behavior that will govern the wall, and with it determine the detailed of the steel reinforcement that could provide the best behavior when the wall be submitted to an important earthquake.
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Karantoni, Fillitsa V., and Dimitris N. Sarantitis. "Interventions to Structural System of Masonry Buildings and their Effects to their Seismic Response." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801913010099.
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Background: Preservation of listed buildings, depending on the importance of each one, requires the conservation of the whole structure or of only the external walls, often called shell of the building, or even only of the façade. In the latter cases, although the new structure is studied to undergo the applied loads according to the codes in force, less research is made to study the response of the remaining structure under seismic loads. Objective: The response of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures with alterations of the original load bearing system to strong ground motions is studied in the present paper. Commonly used radical interventions comprise the addition of a steel or reinforced concrete frame in the interior of the structure after removal of interior load bearing or/and dividing walls. The embedded substructure is designed to support the functional loads of the building and commensurate seismic design forces associated with its mass. In this setting, perimeter walls are relieved of any bearing action apart from resisting the state of stress associated with their self-weight. An important design decision is the extent of contact and interaction that is allowed to occur between the perimeter URM walls and the interior structural system; both options present advantages and disadvantages. Methods: The effect that this design option has on the seismic response of the composite system is studied in this paper using linear elastic finite element analysis. The effect of each intervention is estimated by comparing the principal tensile stresses (pts) developed on the walls before and after each intervention as well as the percentage of the wall areas in elevation where the pts are higher than tensile strength of masonry. Results: It is found that connection of the frame to the masonry walls at several points around the floor and roof perimeters creates a diaphragm action that effectively reduces the out-of-plane bending of the self-standing perimeter URM walls without excessive local stress intensities and increases the shear strength of the building. Lack of contact between the old and new load bearing elements leads to higher intensity stresses due to bending and only the addition of a reinforced concrete tie belt at the top of the walls may mitigate serious damage. Conclusions: The cooperation of the Moment Resisting Frames, irrespective of the material of the frame (reinforced concrete or structural steel) and the walls by connecting the perimeter structural walls with it at floor and roof levels, is more efficient to the stress state of the walls transforming the critical out-of-plane bending of later to shear one, preventing them from out-of-plane collapse.
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Kruszka, Leopold, and Pawel Muzolf. "Diagnostics of the structural failure of sports hall external wall layers." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928402005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents the diagnostics of the technical condition of the external layers of the sports hall walls. Structural failures related to construction defects themselves constitute a relatively small percentage (4.1% in 2017, 5.05% in 2014-2017 [1]), although the main reason for them is the lack of maintaining technological rigors (76.9% in 2017, 68.4% in 2014-2017 [1]). The presented and described case study of the technical condition of the newly built sports hall does not refer to structural failure, but to the reduction of the risk of that failure as a result of non-compliance with construction technology, in particular, in relation to the external walls. Contrary to the design, the walls of the sports hall were made of aerated concrete. According to the declaration of a designer, the contractor neither consulted the changes with the designer nor gain the acceptance of the designer for using aerated concrete instead of the primary proposed and designed brick structure. In addition, aerated concrete curtain walls with a height of about 4.5 m were made without any wall connectors. This resulted in a risk of a structure failure involving the collapse of its curtain walls. The technological requirements for the repairing of the elements of supporting walls as well as the diagnostic process of the other damaged finishing cladding of external walls are also provided in this paper.
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Tu Anh, Do, Ha Luan Minh, Nguyen Quang Thac, Tran Tam Duc, and Tham Thang Quoc. "Evaluation of methods for analyzing early-age cracking risk in concrete walls of tunnel structures." Transport and Communications Science Journal 71, no. 7 (September 30, 2020): 746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/tcsj.71.7.2.
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This paper is concentrated on investigating the modern methods to evaluate the probability of cracking in urban tunnel structures during construction. The study considers the current standard methods for assessing reinforced concrete walls of an urban tunnel, which experienced early-age cracking. The results obtained using guidelines were compared with actual observations of crack widths in the urban tunnel wall. Examples of using specifications in wall design were also described. The proper method is highlighted with suggestions for a possible path for considering early-age thermal and shrinkage effects in urban reinforced concrete tunnel walls
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Tu Anh, Do, Ha Luan Minh, Nguyen Quang Thac, Tran Tam Duc, and Tham Thang Quoc. "Evaluation of methods for analyzing early-age cracking risk in concrete walls of tunnel structures." Transport and Communications Science Journal 71, no. 7 (September 30, 2020): 746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.71.7.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is concentrated on investigating the modern methods to evaluate the probability of cracking in urban tunnel structures during construction. The study considers the current standard methods for assessing reinforced concrete walls of an urban tunnel, which experienced early-age cracking. The results obtained using guidelines were compared with actual observations of crack widths in the urban tunnel wall. Examples of using specifications in wall design were also described. The proper method is highlighted with suggestions for a possible path for considering early-age thermal and shrinkage effects in urban reinforced concrete tunnel walls
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Moayyeri, Neda, Sadjad Gharehbaghi, and Vagelis Plevris. "Cost-Based Optimum Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls Considering Different Methods of Bearing Capacity Computation." Mathematics 7, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7121232.
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This paper investigates the effect of computing the bearing capacity through different methods on the optimum construction cost of reinforced concrete retaining walls (RCRWs). Three well-known methods of Meyerhof, Hansen, and Vesic are used for the computation of the bearing capacity. In order to model and design the RCRWs, a code is developed in MATLAB. To reach a design with minimum construction cost, the design procedure is structured in the framework of an optimization problem in which the initial construction cost of the RCRW is the objective function to be minimized. The design criteria (both geotechnical and structural limitations) are considered constraints of the optimization problem. The geometrical dimensions of the wall and the amount of steel reinforcement are used as the design variables. To find the optimum solution, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed. Three numerical examples with different wall heights are used to capture the effect of using different methods of bearing capacity on the optimal construction cost of the RCRWs. The results demonstrate that, in most cases, the final design based on the Meyerhof method corresponds to a lower construction cost. The research findings also reveal that the difference among the optimum costs of the methods is decreased by increasing the wall height.
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Eusuf, Muhammad Abu, Khairuddin Abdur Rashid, Wira Mohd Noor, and Abdullah Al Hasan. "Shear Wall Construction in Buildings: A Conceptual Framework on the Aspect of Analysis and Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.706.
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This study describes the analysis and design process of shear wall construction, which is applied in various types of building construction. Shear walls resist lateral forces viz. earthquake force and wind force for high-rise structure and gravity load for all type of structure. Besides, Buildings with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete shear walls are widely used in earthquake-prone area and regions in the world. Research methods were confined to library research and employed software for analysis. The analytical accuracy of complex shear wall system have always been of concern to the civil and structural Engineering system. The software of this system is performed on the platform of modelling and then, the system models are usually idealized as line elements instead of continuum elements. Single walls are modelled as cantilevers and walls with openings are modelled as pier/ spandrel systems. In order to find the stiffness, the simple systems models can provide reasonable results. It has always been accepted that a scale based model in the FEM is exact and justifiable.
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Wenke, Jeff M., and Charles W. Dolan. "Structural integrity of precast concrete modular construction." PCI Journal 66, no. 2 (2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij66.2-02.
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The American Concrete Institute’s (ACI’s) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) contains structural integrity provisions for precast concrete panel buildings but does not address the structural integrity of precast concrete modules. ACI 318 requires spaced steel ties in all directions to tie the precast concrete panel elements together. These criteria are impractical for precast concrete modules due to the construction methods and the overall rigidity of each module. Precast concrete modules are inherently stable, even when subjected to General Services Administration criteria for partial removal of structural walls or corners, which require that if a portion of a wall or an entire module is removed, the remaining portions must have sufficient capacity to carry the resulting gravity loads. This paper examines the stress increases due to partial wall removal and the possibility of total module removal. It discusses strength reserves, provides recommendations for future editions of ACI 318 and the PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete, and presents conceptual connections that provide the continuity and ductility needed to maintain structural integrity following total module removal.
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TAKAHASHI, Susumu, Hiroyuki UEDA, Akira SUMI, Toshikatsu ICHINOSE, Mie SOBUE, and Hiroomi TANAKA. "A FLEXURAL-DESIGN MODEL OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS WITH SPANDREL- AND WING-WALLS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 74, no. 641 (2009): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.74.1321.
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Fragomeni, S., and P. A. Mendis. "A study of simplified design methods for plain concrete walls." Structural Concrete 2, no. 1 (March 2001): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2.1.15.40865.
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Fragomeni, S., and P. A. Mendis. "A study of simplified design methods for plain concrete walls." Structural Concrete 2, no. 1 (March 2001): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.1.15.
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Carrillo León, Julian, and Sergio M. Alcocer. "Experimental evaluation of the strut-and-tie method applied to low-rise concrete walls." Ingeniería e Investigación 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n1.15200.
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The strut-and-tie method (S-T) is a practical tool for the seismic design of reinforced concrete elements. Experimental and analytical research with low-rise concrete walls was carried out for assessing the S-T method proposed by the current ACI-318 building code. Four specimens designed to fail during shear and shaking table tests were included in the experimental programme. The variables studied consisted of the type of concrete (normal and cellular weight), the amount of steel web (0.125% and 0.25%) and the type of web reinforcement against shear (corrugated bars and welded wire mesh). Wall properties were typical of low-rise housing in Mexico. When the calculated shear strength was compared with the measured one it was found that the S-T method proposed by the ACI-318 building code suitably estimated the shear capacity of the models being studied. However, the walls shear failure mode, loading rate, the number of cycles and the cumulative energy dissipated would noticeably affect the degradation in strength of low-rise, reinforced concrete walls.
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Lau, David T., and Joshua E. Woods. "A concentric tube anchor system for fiber-reinforced polymer retrofit of reinforced concrete structural walls under extreme loads." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 1 (October 4, 2017): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419617732353.
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In reinforced concrete elements strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer sheets, premature debonding of the fiber-reinforced polymer from the concrete substrate occurs due to lack of anchorage, which reduces the efficiency of the retrofitting system. This article reviews several common anchor systems and describes the development, optimization, and testing of a steel tube anchor in retrofit of reinforced concrete structural elements using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer sheets suitable for application to improve resistance against extreme load conditions (e.g. blast, impact, or an earthquake). A detailed review of common anchor designs including the proposed tube anchor based on previous studies on flexure-dominated fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened reinforced concrete shear walls is presented. In this study, finite element analysis is conducted to verify the observed behavior and better understand the deformation mechanisms of the tube anchor. Finite element modeling is then used to evaluate the influence of different design parameters on its performance and propose a design methodology that can be used to optimize the tube anchor design. To verify the performance of the optimized tube anchor, it is tested in an experimental program on the in-plane seismic strengthening of two shear-dominated squat walls strengthened using fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. Experimental results reveal that the optimized tube anchor performs well in preventing premature debonding and allows the fiber-reinforced polymer composite to achieve a higher level of strain when compared to an alternative anchor system. Finally, a set of design steps for the implementation of the tube anchor in fiber-reinforced polymer retrofit applications for reinforced concrete shear walls are presented.
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Ahac, Maja, Saša Ahac, and Stjepan Lakušić. "Long-Term Sustainability Approach in Road Traffic Noise Wall Design." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020536.
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Despite the long-term experience in the application of noise walls, the uncertainty in wall panel service life efficiency is almost equal between panels built from established and new materials, which are—because of the desire to increase the sustainability of noise walls—developing at an ever-faster pace. The presented meta-analysis of data collected during a systematic review of concrete, metal, and wood panels’ acoustic and non-acoustic characteristics, long term performance, and cradle-to-gate sustainability aims to reduce this uncertainty and support the process of noise wall design and management by shifting the emphasis in decision making from construction costs to the long-term sustainability of the road traffic noise mitigation project. The multi-criterial analysis showed that when choosing a panel, preference should be given to those using lightweight concrete materials. A further comprehensive cradle-to-grave assessment of lightweight concrete panels with expanded clay and recycled tire rubber aggregates, which was performed to fill a knowledge gap observed in the literature and identify opportunities for the improvement of lightweight concrete sustainability, showed that the main environmental impacts of these panels are due to their production processes and that the way to reduce such impacts is to use panels made with aggregates from secondary raw materials.
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Ahac, Maja, Saša Ahac, and Stjepan Lakušić. "Long-Term Sustainability Approach in Road Traffic Noise Wall Design." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the long-term experience in the application of noise walls, the uncertainty in wall panel service life efficiency is almost equal between panels built from established and new materials, which are—because of the desire to increase the sustainability of noise walls—developing at an ever-faster pace. The presented meta-analysis of data collected during a systematic review of concrete, metal, and wood panels’ acoustic and non-acoustic characteristics, long term performance, and cradle-to-gate sustainability aims to reduce this uncertainty and support the process of noise wall design and management by shifting the emphasis in decision making from construction costs to the long-term sustainability of the road traffic noise mitigation project. The multi-criterial analysis showed that when choosing a panel, preference should be given to those using lightweight concrete materials. A further comprehensive cradle-to-grave assessment of lightweight concrete panels with expanded clay and recycled tire rubber aggregates, which was performed to fill a knowledge gap observed in the literature and identify opportunities for the improvement of lightweight concrete sustainability, showed that the main environmental impacts of these panels are due to their production processes and that the way to reduce such impacts is to use panels made with aggregates from secondary raw materials.
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Zad, Nader, and Hani Melhem. "EFFECTS OF SHEAR WALLS ON A TYPICAL FOUR-STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO SEVERE EARTHQUAKE EVENTS." Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal 30, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/cej.2021.04.0060.
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Various seismic-resistant design methods are used to ensure the stability of multi-story buildings against lateral forces caused by earthquakes. Utilization of reinforced concrete shear walls is one of the most reliable methods of design and construction of earthquake-resistant buildings because it increases structural resistance to lateral loads and stiffens and strengthens the structure, thereby minimizing earthquake-induced damages. This paper investigates the beneficial effects of using shear walls in the structural design of a typical low-rise building to improve its resistance to earthquake events. To this end, a four-story reinforced concrete structure is modeled first without shear walls, then with the addition to shear walls. The 2002 Denali Alaska earthquake is used as an example of a severe seismic excitation because it is considered the most massive strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 year. SAP2000 is used to perform the dynamic analysis. In order to obtain an accurate representation of the structure’s behavior, response modal nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis is utilized to analyze and compare the response of the building with and without shear walls. Study results showed that shear walls are very effective in achieving compliance with seismic design codes. In addition, the use of shear walls significantly reduces the shear stresses, bending moments, and displacements of the various members of the structure.
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García-Alvarado, Rodrigo, Ginnia Moroni-Orellana, and Pablo Banda. "Development of Variable Residential Buildings with 3D-Printed Walls." Buildings 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111796.
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New 3D-printing technologies allows to make constructive elements, especially walls, faster and with formal diversity. The 3D-printed elements usually have self-supporting capacities, but they need to be reinforced or integrated into larger structures, to make buildings of large extension or height of several floors. This work proposes a residential construction strategy, focused on Chile, which combines a modular main reinforced concrete structure with partitions made of 3D-printed walls to obtain different housing organizations. For this, a structural grid and range of volumes are defined in BIM. In addition, a parametric programming is developed and prototypes of 3D-printed walls are made. The volumetric development provides a wide repertoire of residential surfaces, while the main structure provides a great flexibility of occupancy. The programming organizes the design and execution process, with numeric analysis and visualization capabilities. The executed prototypes demonstrate a constructive feasibility and architectural appealing. This development expresses the possibility to integrate 3D-printing in massive and varied dwelling construction, and suggests new paths for housing construction with the application of new design technologies and automated manufacturing in construction.
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Suntharalingam, Thadshajini, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Irindu Upasiri, Keerthan Poologanathan, Brabha Nagaratnam, Heshachanaa Rajanayagam, and Satheeskumar Navaratnam. "Numerical Study of Fire and Energy Performance of Innovative Light-Weight 3D Printed Concrete Wall Configurations in Modular Building System." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042314.
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3D Printed Concrete (3DPC) technology is currently evolving with high demand amongst researches and the integration of modular building system (MBS) with this technology would provide a sustainable solution to modern construction challenges. The use of lightweight concrete in such innovative construction methods offers lightweight structures with better heat and sound insulation compared to normal weight concrete. It is worth noting that fire and energy performance has become central to building design. However, there are limited research studies on the combined thermal energy and fire performance of 3DPC walls. Therefore, this study investigates fire performance of 20 numbers of varying 3DPC wall configurations using validated finite element models under standard fire conditions. The fire performance analysis demonstrated that 3DPC non-load bearing cavity walls have substantial resistance under standard fire load and its performance can be further improved with Rockwool insulation. There is significant improvement in terms of fire performance when the thickness of the walls increases in a parallel row manner. Previous thermal energy investigation also showed a lower U-value for increased thickness of similar 3DPC walls. This research concludes with a proposal of using 3DPC wall with Rockwool insulation for amplified combined thermal energy and fire performance to be used in MBS.
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Fragomeni, S., and P. A. Mendis. "Applicability of Current ACI318 Wall Design Formula for High Strength Concrete Walls." Advances in Structural Engineering 2, no. 2 (April 1999): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136943329900200203.
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Javadi, Masoud, Erick I. Saavedra Saavedra Flores, Sergio J. Yanez, Siva Avudaiappan, Juan C. Pina, and Carlos F. Guzmán. "Investigation of the Influence of Design Parameters on the Strength of Steel–Concrete Composite Shear Walls by Finite Element Simulations." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010187.
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In this paper, the influence of design parameters on the strength of steel–concrete composite shear walls is investigated by means of finite element (FE) simulations. The shear wall typology studied in this paper consists of multiple composite plate shear wall-concrete encased on one or both sides of the plates. The FE models include contact technology to capture debonding between concrete and steel, tensile cracking in concrete, and large deflection theory involving local instabilities. Some design parameters considered in this work are the height-to-width ratio of the steel plates and their thickness, number of steel plates, the cross-section of the columns, and the height-to-width ratio of the shear wall. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the normalised shear strength per unit cost of structure for these design parameters is also studied. Our numerical predictions are validated successfully with experimental data reported in the literature, revealing the predictive capabilities of the model. The present results provide further insight into the structural behavior of steel–concrete composite shear walls and pave the way for the future development of more efficient and innovative steel–concrete composite systems.
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Ko, A. Ra, Je Hyuk Lee, Hyun Suk Jang, Seung Il Lee, and Young Sang Cho. "Development of Automatic Reinforcement Bar Placement for RC Walls Based on Structural Building Information Modeling (S-BIM)." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.623.
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Structural building information modeling (S-BIM) for reinforced concrete walls based on parametric technique has studied. There are structural analysis and design packages for reinforced concrete structures. 3D BIM platforms which are recently developed and widely adopted in the construction industry are mostly experiencing a difficulty in interoperability with structural analysis and design packages. The modeling of reinforcement placement in the reinforced concrete structures can not be performed using current BIM platforms based on the result of structural analysis and design. This study develops the algorithm and implementation of integrated reinforcement bar placement system by creating a database that stores the results of structural analysis and design so that overall reinforced concrete model including re-bar can be built. Utilization of S-BIM can reduce the time of engineering, the production of working drawing and shop drawing.
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Baďurová, Silvia, Radoslav Ponechal, and Pavol Ďurica. "Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Analysis of Passive House with Variable Construction Materials." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2013-0015.
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Abstract The term "passive house" refers to rigorous and voluntary standards for energy efficiency in a building, reducing its ecological footprint. There are many ways how to build a passive house successfully. These designs as well as construction techniques vary from ordinary timber constructions using packs of straw or constructions of clay. This paper aims to quantify environmental quality of external walls in a passive house, which are made of a timber frame, lightweight concrete blocks and sand-lime bricks in order to determine whether this constructional form provides improved environmental performance. Furthermore, this paper assesses potential benefit of energy savings at heating of houses in which their external walls are made of these three material alternatives. A two storey residential passive house, with floorage of 170.6 m2, was evaluated. Some measurements of air and surface temperatures were done as a calibration etalon for a method of simulation.
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Liu, Chao, Xiangyun Nong, Fengjian Zhang, Zonggang Quan, and Guoliang Bai. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Recycled Concrete Hollow Block Masonry Walls." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 4336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to manufacture recycled concrete hollow block (RCHB) which can be used for the masonry structure with seismic requirements. Five RCHB masonry walls were tested under cyclic loading to evaluate the effect of the axial compression stress, aspect ratio, and the materials of structural columns on the seismic performance. Based on the test results, the failure pattern, hysteresis curves, lateral drift, ductility, stiffness degradation, and the energy dissipation of the specimens were analyzed in detail. The results showed that with the increase of aspect ratios, the ductility of RCHB masonry walls increased, but the horizontal bearing capacity and energy dissipation of RCHB masonry walls decreased. With the increase of compressive stress, the bearing capacity and energy dissipation performance of RCHB masonry walls were improved, and the stiffness degraded slowly. The results also demonstrated that the RCHB masonry walls with structural columns, depending on whether the structural columns were prepared by ordinary concrete or recycled concrete, could increase the bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation of specimens. The research confirmed that RCHB masonry walls could meet the seismic requirements through thoughtful design. Therefore, this study provided a new cleaner production for the utilization of construction waste resources.