Книги: "Concentrating solution"

1

McGlynn, P. High concentration metal soap solutions. Manchester: UMIST, 1992.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

pH and buffer theory: A new approach. Chichester: Wiley, 1996.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Auschwitz: Les nazis et la "solution finale". Paris: Albin Michel, 2005.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Wilkinson, R. Allen. Raman intensity as a probe of concentration near a crystal growing in solution. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Wilkinson, R. Allen. Raman intensity as a probe of concentration near a crystal growing in solution. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Selwyn, Lyndsie. Analysis of the chloride ion concentration in aqueous solutions by potentiometric titration. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Conservation Institute, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Juan, Carlos G. Designing Microwave Sensors for Glucose Concentration Detection in Aqueous and Biological Solutions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76179-0.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Miller, J. Effect of NaCI concentration on corrosion of mild steel in CO2 saturated solutions. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

O'Donnell, S. Rheology of milk protein concentrate solutions as a function of shear rate and concentration. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Malpas, David George. The mass transport properties of selected membranes in potassium hydroxide solutions of various concentrations. [London]: Middlesex University, Energy Technology Centre, 1992.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Plante, Llynne M. Determination of the lithium ion concentration in aqueous lithium solutions by monovalent cation electrode. [Mississauga, Ont.]: CFFTP, 1989.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Mendelsohn, John. The "final solution" in the extermination camps and the aftermath. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2009.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

The "final solution" in the extermination camps and the aftermath. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2010.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Mendelsohn, John. The "final solution" in the extermination camps and the aftermath. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2009.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Auschwitz: The Nazis and the 'Final Solution'. London: BBC Books, 2005.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Fontanarosa, Phil B., and Stacy Christiansen. Solutions and Concentration. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jama/9780195176339.022.567.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

1952-, Myerson Allan S., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Concentration dependence of solution shear viscosity and solute mass diffusivity in crystal growth from solutions. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Laws, Edward R., Whitney W. Woodmansee, and Jay S. Loeffler. Pituitary tumours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0018.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Pituitary tumours are common, usually benign, lesions ordinarily well controlled by multidisciplinary management. The several subtypes of pituitary tumours reflect the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, and each may require a complex sequential programme of treatment. Modern laboratory evaluation and imaging is capable of extensively characterizing the tumours, and is the basis for the recommended therapies. The tumours that produce excess active levels of pituitary hormones may be amenable to very satisfactory medical therapy, which reduces hormone levels towards normal, and often causes shrinkage of the tumour. Surgical management is appropriate for tumours that are not producing excess hormones but by nature of their bulk can compress the optic nerves and cause visual loss. These tumours respond well to surgical management, which is usually done using the transnasal, transsphenoidal route of access. Patients with persistent or recurrent tumours and persistent hormonal excess can be effectively treated with modern techniques of radiation therapy. A multidisciplinary approach with specialists from different fields concentrating on the patient and the problem offers a comprehensive and effective solution for most patients with pituitary disorders.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Capogna, Giorgio. Labour analgesia: choice of local anaesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0016.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In this chapter, the rationale for the choice of commonly used local anaesthetics—racemic bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine—is reviewed, particularly with respect to their potency and differential block. Epidural and spinal dosing for labour analgesia and the role of ‘up–down’ studies to determine the minimum local anaesthetic concentration (MLAC) for labour analgesia is explained. Applying the MLAC model has enabled clinical comparisons at equipotent concentrations and doses. It has also quantified what contribution opioids have on the overall effectiveness of the analgesic mixture, provided a means of optimizing combinations of local anaesthetic–opioid solutions, examined the effect of inter-individual and obstetric variables on local anaesthetic potency, and provided a pharmacological-based rationale for analgesia solutions used for labour analgesia.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Spencer, James N., and H. Anthony Neidig. Determining the Molar Concentration of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution. Chemical Education Resources, 1992.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Annette, Wieviorka, ed. Auschwitz: La solution finale. [Paris]: Tallandier, 2005.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Auschwitz: La solution finale. Paris: Tallandier, 2005.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Peterson, John Christian. Accurate pH determination of low ionic strength solutions by visible absorption of bromocresol purple. 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Analysis of the chloride ion concentration in aqueous solutions by potentiometric titration. CCI, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Filiatreau, Diana Lynn. Effect of malic acid concentration and ph on the titratable acidity, tartrate and potassium concentration of a bitartrate saturated ethanol-water solution. 1989.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Variational Problems with Concentration (Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications). Birkhauser, 1999.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

A, Ranney Thomas, Taylor Susan, and Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Softening of rigid polyvinyl chloride by high concentrations of aqueous solutions of methylene chloride. [Hanover, N.H.]: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1992.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Making the Best Use of Beamtime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0006.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Extracting information from scattering data is very sensitive to the quality of the data. In this chapter data quality characterization is described, including initial data processing procedures to alert the user to potential data quality issues. Accurate buffer subtraction is crucial for correct modeling and analysis of SAS data, and mechanisms for identifying buffer subtraction errors are discussed. Examining SAS parameters such as a function of concentration or exposure is very useful for identifying concentration dependent artifacts or radiation damage that, if unnoticed, can be very detrimental to further analysis, including misinterpreting the results and drawing erroneous conclusions. SAS is often used for analyzing flexible molecules in solution that may be difficult to study with other structural techniques. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of flexibility are described.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

The "final solution" in the extermination camps and the aftermath. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2009.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Before the Beamtime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0005.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This chapter describes preparation before collecting solution scattering data. SAXS requires a sample concentration similar to that typically used for crystallization, and a volume on the order of tens of μ‎l. SANS can require an order of magnitude more than this. The sample should be well characterized, and free from impurities. Standard laboratory techniques are suitable for characterization. Buffer choice and accurate matching is a component of experimental success and after sample preparation is the next most critical step. The sample should be monodisperse, stable, and well characterized.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Nzuzi, Losso. Indices of dry bean cooking time: Sodium chloride solutions, storage conditions, phytic acid and calcium concentrations. 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Phosphate Coatings Suitable for Personal Protective Equipment. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901113.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Phosphate coatings can improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel equipment such as carabiners. The specific porosity of the phosphate layer allows the deposition of an elastomer-based paint for absorbing mechanical shocks. The book is relevant for fundamental and applied research in the field of protective phosphate layers and their industrial applications. It also describes how to design and develop phosphating solutions that differ in the type and concentration of metal ions dissolved in phosphoric acid.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Sih, George C. Experimental evaluation of stress concentration and intensity factors: Useful methods and solutions to Experimentalists in fracture mechanics. Springer, 2014.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of homogeneous solution concentration gradients near a container wall at different temperatures. Huntsville, AL: Dept. of Chemistry, the University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Crevice corrosion behaviour of titanium grades-2 and -12 in hot aqueous chloride solution: The effect of chloride concentration. Pinawa, Man: AECL, Whiteshell Laboratories, 1996.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Burns, Daniel. The effect of nutrient solution nitrogen concentration on lettuce biomass production and nitrogen uptake using a recirculating hydroponic system. 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Sih, G. C. Experimental Evaluation of Stress Concentration and Intensity Factors: Useful Methods and Solutions to Experimentalists in Fracture Mechanics (Mechanics of Fracture). Springer, 2007.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Himmelfarb, Jonathan. Haemodialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0255.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This chapter provides an overview of haemodialysis, a medical procedure where the blood volume circulates extracorporeally through a dialysis membrane and is returned to the patient via the vasculature, during which time there is diffusion of molecules in solution along an electrochemical concentration gradient. In clinical haemodialysis, the semipermeable dialysis membrane separates the blood from a solution of prescribed electrolyte composition known as the dialysate. The use of long-term dialysis for treatment of irreversible kidney failure and amelioration of the uraemic syndrome dates back to the 1960s, when Belding Scribner and colleagues developed a repeatedly usable vascular access device using Teflon-coated plastic tubes. These and many other pioneering advances led to early successes in carefully selected populations of predominantly young, relatively fit patients with kidney failure. This in turn prompted a dramatic expansion of the use of haemodialysis as a life-sustaining treatment, and today haemodialysis is the most frequently used treatment for end-stage kidney disease in the United States, Europe, and worldwide. The expanded use of haemodialysis as kidney replacement therapy transformed the profession of nephrology and the care of people living with severe kidney disease, and also created a new field of medical science, which has been referred to as ‘the physiology of the artificial kidney’.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Edele, Mark. The Impact of War and the Costs of Superpower Status. Edited by Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.028.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Rather than recount the history of postwar society as a story of successive regimes identified with individual leaders, this chapter takes a thematic approach concentrating on the state’s attempts to balance the demands of international security against its ability to supply resources to the Soviet people. By the 1970s, the level of defence spending made it impossible to guarantee universal well-being and a good life through the official economy. So instead the state focused its attention on war veterans—a subgroup which by then encompassed most of the older generation—while allowing the rest of the citizenry to privatize everyday life. Soviet society’s spontaneous solutions to the war and postwar crises—suburban gardening at the dacha, barter, legal and illegal trade—thus became the base of the late socialist economy, while the new social entity born out of the war became a central status group in late socialist society.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Raghunathan, Karthik, and Andrew Shaw. Crystalloids in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0057.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

‘Crystalloid’ refers to solutions of crystalline substances that can pass through a semipermeable membrane and are distributed widely in body fluid compartments. The conventional Starling model predicts transvascular exchange based on the net balance of opposing hydrostatic and oncotic forces. Based on this model, colloids might be considered superior resuscitative fluids. However, observations of fluid behaviour during critical illness are not consistent with such predictions. Large randomized controlled studies have consistently found that colloids offer no survival advantage relative to crystalloids in critically-ill patients. A revised Starling model describes a central role for the endothelial glycocalyx in determining fluid disposition. This model supports crystalloid utilization in most critical care settings where the endothelial surface layer is disrupted and lower capillary pressures (hypovolaemia) make volume expansion with crystalloids effective, since transvascular filtration decreases, intravascular retention increases and clearance is significantly reduced. There are important negative consequences of both inadequate and excessive crystalloid resuscitation. Precise dosing may be titrated based on functional measures of preload responsiveness like pulse pressure variation or responses to manoeuvres such as passive leg raising. Crystalloids have variable electrolyte concentrations, volumes of distribution, and, consequently variable effects on plasma pH. Choosing balanced crystalloid solutions for resuscitation may be potentially advantageous versus ‘normal’ (isotonic, 0.9%) saline solutions. When used as the primary fluid for resuscitation, saline solutions may have adverse effects in critically-ill patients secondary to a reduction in the strong ion difference and hyperchloraemic, metabolic acidosis. Significant negative effects on immune and renal function may result as well.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Hawthorne Johnson, Doris Gertrudis, María de la Caridad Smith Batson, and Michel Enrique Gamboa Graus. Insights on teacher’s lesson plans for enhancing effective communication skills: cases in English language teacher training, development and practicum. Editorial Tecnocientífica Americana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51736/eta2022tu2.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Language learning has become an urgent problem to which many solutions flourish day by day; it is also a social need, English, in a specific manner has been recognized as one of the most popular languages at world scale, and it is the vehicle people use for communication in many summits; there are other important languages for many, but life in practice has made its learning massive. In the present XXI century, scientific-technical development and, person and cultural exchange, have marked this learning and teaching in a meaningful way, it is then, a good reason for concentrating in better styles to train teachers-to-be and make their training meaningful for their future performance, which is the end of their pedagogic education. On the other hand, teacher development also claims for a refreshment of techniques, methods of procedures for language teaching and learning, unveiled by the vision of the many possible opportunities at our fingertips, through the use a massive media and other resources.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Schuerger, Andrew Conrad. Effects of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration on disease caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in Vigna radiata grown in hydroponic nutrient solution. 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Neligan, Patrick J., and Clifford S. Deutschman. Pathophysiology and causes of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0255.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Critical illness is typically characterized by changes in the balance of water and electrolytes in the extracellular space, resulting in the accumulation of anionic compounds that manifests as metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis manifests with tachypnoea, tachycardia, vasodilatation, headache and a variety of other non-specific symptoms and signs. It is caused by a reduction in the strong ion difference (SID) or an increase in weak acid concentration (albumin or phosphate). Increased SID results from hyperchloraemia, haemodilution or accumulation of metabolic by-products. A reduction in SID results in a corresponding reduction is serum bicarbonate. There is a corresponding increase in alveolar ventilation and reduced PaCO2. Lactic acidosis results from increased lactate production or reduced clearance. Ketoacidosis is associated with reduced intracellular glucose availability for metabolism, and is associated with insulin deficiency and starvation. Hyperchloraemic acidosis is associated with excessive administration of isotonic saline solution, renal tubular acidosis and ureteric re-implantation. Renal acidosis is associated with hyperchloraemia, hyperphosphataemia, and the accumulation of medley nitrogenous waste products.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Austin, Allan W. Refugees from Abroad and at Home. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037047.003.0005.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This chapter examines the work of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) in the wake of World War II. Even before the United States officially entered the war, waves of refugees from the European conflict pushed the AFSC to act, and it established hostels to help the newcomers adjust to their new lives in America. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, AFSC activists found themselves faced with a second refugee problem—this time internal migrants as Japanese Americans incarcerated in American concentration camps looked to resettle in the Midwest and East. Again reflecting the AFSC's understanding of race as a multifaceted, global issue, its efforts to create hostels to help both European and Japanese American refugees reveal the continued evolution of Friendly ideas about race, ethnicity, and assimilation in the United States as Quakers increasingly responded to these wartime crises with less direct solutions aimed at overcoming job and housing discrimination.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Proudfoot, Diane, and B. Jack Copeland. Artificial Intelligence. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0007.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In this article the central philosophical issues concerning human-level artificial intelligence (AI) are presented. AI largely changed direction in the 1980s and 1990s, concentrating on building domain-specific systems and on sub-goals such as self-organization, self-repair, and reliability. Computer scientists aimed to construct intelligence amplifiers for human beings, rather than imitation humans. Turing based his test on a computer-imitates-human game, describing three versions of this game in 1948, 1950, and 1952. The famous version appears in a 1950 article inMind, ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’ (Turing 1950). The interpretation of Turing's test is that it provides an operational definition of intelligence (or thinking) in machines, in terms of behavior. ‘Intelligent Machinery’ sets out the thesis that whether an entity is intelligent is determined in part by our responses to the entity's behavior. Wittgenstein frequently employed the idea of a human being acting like a reliable machine. A ‘living reading-machine’ is a human being or other creature that is given written signs, for example Chinese characters, arithmetical symbols, logical symbols, or musical notation, and who produces text spoken aloud, solutions to arithmetical problems, and proofs of logical theorems. Wittgenstein mentions that an entity that manipulates symbols genuinely reads only if he or she has a particular history, involving learning and training, and participates in a social environment that includes normative constraints and further uses of the symbols.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Ludmila, Čermáková-Nesládková, and Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě. Filozofická fakulta., eds. Mezinárodní vědecká konference: Akce Nisko v historii "konečného řešení židovské otázky" k 55. výročí první hromadné deportace evropských Židů : sborník referátů ... = International academic conference : the case Nisko in the history of the "Final solution of the Jewish problem" in commemoration of the 55th anniversary of the first deportation of Jews in Europe : proceedings. Ostrava: Filozofická fakulta Ostravské univerzity, 1995.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Agarwal, Bina. Food Security, Productivity, and Gender Inequality. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.002.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This chapter examines the relationship between gender inequality and food security, with a particular focus on women as food producers, consumers, and family food managers. The discussion is set against the backdrop of rising and volatile food prices, the vulnerabilities created by regional concentrations of food production, imports and exports, the feminization of agriculture, and the projected effect of climate change on crop yields. The chapter outlines the constraints women face as farmers, in terms of their access to land, credit, production inputs, technology, and markets. It argues that there is substantial potential for increasing agricultural output by helping women farmers overcome these production constraints and so bridging the productivity differentials between them and male farmers. This becomes even more of an imperative, given the feminization of agriculture. The chapter spells out the mechanisms, especially institutional, for overcoming the constraints and the inequalities women face as producers, consumers, and home food managers. Institutionally, a group approach to farming could, for instance, enable women and other small holders to enhance their access to land and inputs, benefit from economies of scale, and increase their bargaining power. Other innovative solutions discussed here include the creation of Public Land Banks that would empower the smallholder, and the establishment of agricultural resource centers that would cater especially to small-scale women farmers.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Садовников, Василий. Теория гетерогенного катализа. Теория хемосорбции. Publishing House Triumph, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32986/978-5-40-10-01-2001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This monograph is a continuation of the monograph by V.V. Sadovnikov. Lateral interaction. Moscow 2006. Publishing house "Anta-Eco", 2006. ISBN 5-9730-0017-6. In this work, the foundations of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and the theory of chemisorption are more easily formulated. The book consists of two parts, closely related to each other. These are the theoretical foundations of heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption. In the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, an experiment is described in detail, which must be carried out in order to isolate the stages of a catalytic reaction, to find the stoichiometry of each of the stages. This experiment is based on the need to obtain the exact value of the specific surface area of the catalyst, the number of centers at which the reaction proceeds, and the output curves of each of the reaction products. The procedures for obtaining this data are described in detail. Equations are proposed and solved that allow calculating the kinetic parameters of the nonequilibrium stage and the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium stage. The description of the quantitative theory of chemisorption is based on the description of the motion of an atom along a crystal face. The axioms on which this mathematics should be based are formulated, the mathematical apparatus of the theory is written and the most detailed instructions on how to use it are presented. The first axiom: an atom, moving along the surface, is present only in places with minima of potential energy. The second axiom: the face of an atom is divided into cells, and the position of the atom on the surface of the face is set by one parameter: the cell number. The third axiom: the atom interacts with the surrounding material bodies only at the points of minimum potential energy. The fourth axiom: the solution of the equations is a map of the arrangement of atoms on the surface. The fifth axiom: quantitative equations are based on the concept of a statistically independent particle. The formation energies of these particles and their concentration are calculated by the developed program. The program based on these axioms allows you to simulate and calculate the interaction energies of atoms on any crystal face. The monograph is intended for students, post-graduate students and researchers studying work and working in petrochemistry and oil refining.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Книги з теми "Concentrating solution"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями