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Статті в журналах з теми "Concentrating collectors"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

Оновлено: 11 березня 2023

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1

M. Anil Kumar, K. Sridhar, and B. Devika. "Performance of cylindrical parabolic solar collector with the tracking system." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245096.

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Анотація:

A parabolic solar collector collects the radiant energy emitted from the sun and focuses on a point. Parabolic trough collectors are the low-cost implementation of concentrated solar power technology that focuses incident sunlight onto a tube filled with a heat transfer fluid. However, the fundamental problem with the cylindrical parabolic collector without tracking was that the solar collector does not move with the sun's orientation. The development of an automatic tracking system for cylindrical parabolic collectors will increase solar collection and the efficiency of devices. The present study of this project work presents an experimental platform based on the design, development, and performance characteristic of water heating by tracking solar cylindrical parabolic concentrating system. The tracking mechanism is to be made by stepper motor arrangement to receive the maximum possible energy of solar radiation as it tracks the sun's path. The performance of the parabolic trough collectors is experimentally investigated with the water circulated as heat transfer fluid. The collector efficiency is calculated.

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2

Torres, Joao, Joao Fernandes, Carlos Fernandes, Branco Costa, Catarina Barata, and Joao Gomes. "Effect of the collector geometry in the concentrating photovoltaic thermal solar cell performance." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171231273t.

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The aim of this work is the redesign of the reflector geometry in hybrid concentrating collectors that are currently manufactured by SOLARUS Sunpower AB** to improve the energy efficiency of their solar collectors. The analysis is first accomplished using a numerical model that uses geometrical optics to study the interaction between the sunlight and a concentrating collector along the year. More complex physical models based on open-source and advanced object-oriented Monte Carlo ray tracing programs (SolTrace, Tonatiuh) have been used to study the relation between the collector annual performance and its geometry. On an annual performance basis, a comparative analysis between several solar collector geometries was effectuated to search for higher efficiencies but with controlled costs. Results show that efficiency is deeply influenced by reflector geometry details, collector tilt and location (latitude, longitude) of the solar panel installation and, mostly, by costumer demands. Undoubtedly, the methodology presented in this paper for the design of the solar collector represents an important tool to optimize the binomial cost/effectiveness photovoltaic performance in the energy conversion process. The results also indicate that some modified concentrating solar collectors are promising when evaluating the yearly averaged energy produced per unit area, leading to evident improvements in the performance when compared to the current standard solar concentrating SOLARUS systems. Increases of about 50% (from 0.123 kW/m2 to 0.1832 kW/m2) were obtained for the yearly average collected power per reflector area when decreasing the collector height in 3.5% (from 143 mm to 138 mm).

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3

Goodman, Joel H. "Architectonic Studies with Selected Reflector Concentrating Solar Collectors." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 78–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.2.78.

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Solar concentrating collectors with reflectors are a developing technology for thermal applications that can be useful to avoid fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions, reduce demand for imported fuels and lessen biomass burning. The selected reflector concentrators for building integration studies are: fixed nonimaging compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) E-W line troughs, (building interior with evacuated tubes [ET] for the Temperate Zone, and exterior for the Tropics) with N-S involutes and adjustable end “wall” reflector options; and two-axis tracking small heliostats central receiver tower systems. When these reflector concentrating collector systems are integrated within building form, structure, and site planning, they are one of the main organizing design influences—an essential aspect of conceptual design. Schematic architectonic design studies are presented for mid temperature process heat applications beyond temperatures delivered with typical flat-plate thermal collectors (>≈80°C/176°F). Relations between: solar collector technologies, CPC optical characterization, daylighting, building structure, construction, site planning, and interior space usage are discussed for selected building types. These include CPC solar community and institutional kitchens for the Tropics, and house-size verification facilities with building interior ET and reflectors for the Temperate Zone.

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4

Malato, S., J. Blanco, C. Richter, D. Curcó, and J. Giménez. "Low-concentrating CPC collectors for photocatalytic water detoxification: comparison with a medium concentrating solar collector." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (February 1, 1997): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0109.

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The photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP), using TiO2 suspensions under solar radiation, has been studied at pilot-plant scale at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA). Two different reactor designs were tested: a medium concentrating radiation system called a Parabolic-Trough-Collector Reactor, PTCR, equipped with two motors (azimuth and elevation) to adjust the position of the module perpendicular to the sun, and a low-concentrating radiation system, the Compound-Parabolic-Concentrator Reactor, CPCR, facing south and inclined 37 degrees. Substrates were dissolved in water to required mg L−1 levels in a reservoir tank. In both cases, 0.2 g L−1 of the suspended TiO2 catalyst was used in a 250 L solution of the contaminant, which was recirculated through the photoreactors using a centrifugal pump and an intermediate reservoir tank. The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of photoreactors in DCP oxidation are compared and discussed. The strong potential of photocatalytic peroxydisulphate-assisted degradation in high DCP concentrations was demonstrated in both systems, and chemical actinometry (the decomposition reaction of oxalic acid by radiated uranyl salts) in the CPC reactor is compared with the results obtained in the PTC.

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5

Imadojemu, H. E. "Concentrating parabolic collectors: A patent survey." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 4 (April 1995): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(94)00058-8.

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6

Riveros, H. G., and A. I. Oliva. "Graphical analysis of sun concentrating collectors." Solar Energy 36, no. 4 (1986): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(86)90149-0.

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7

Kousar, Rubeena, and Muzaffar Ali. "Annual transient simulations and experimental investigation of a hybrid flat plate and evacuated tube collectors array in subtropical climate." Thermal Science 24, no. 2 Part B (2020): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190623421k.

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Анотація:

Non-concentrating solar thermal collectors are being used for various heating and cooling applications. Flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors are extensively being used in this regard and their hybrid configuration could be an energy efficient solution. In the current work, model-based transient simulation approach is implemented using TRNSYS to decide the optimal number of flat plate collectors. Detailed experimental analysis of standalone and hybrid configurations of flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors is performed under real climate conditions of Taxila, Pakistan. Experimental tests have been conducted to analyze the system performance in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies. Afterwards, annual transient simulations are performed for whole year to determine the overall performance of the hybrid system. The maximum average temperature difference per unit area for flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and hybrid collector array was found to be 0.95?C, 1.67?C, and 0.98?C, respectively. The maximum energy and exergy efficiency were found 65%, 41% for flat plate collectors, 88.36%, 60 % for evacuated tube collectors, and 62.14%,42% for hybrid collector, while 10% increase in energy efficiency of hybrid collector array is found as compared to the standalone flat plate collectors. Average 9.78% deviation is observed in experimental and model-based efficiency. Finally, annual simulations show that hybrid collector array is 16% more efficient than standalone flat plate collectors throughout the year.

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8

Natarajan, M., and T. Srinivas. "Design and analysis of a gravity-based passive tracking mechanism to a linear solar concentrating collector." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 13 (March 7, 2016): 2503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216637634.

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A novel gravity-based power-free solar tracking mechanism has been developed to track a linear solar concentrating collector. Multireflector compound parabolic collectors having three parabolic segments and two flat surfaces is chosen due to its high intercept factor and suitability to the current tracking. The working of tracking mechanism is studied to find the tracking loads in the east and the west sides of collector. A generalized mathematical model is derived to simulate the tracking motion from the sunrise to sunset. The identified design variants are sprocket wheel diameter, spring stiffness, solar collector’s weight, counter balance, and tracking wheel radius. The spring length is derived from the constraints. To make a compact product, the tracking load has been minimized at large sprocket wheel, low stiff spring, lighter collector weight, and small radius of tracking. For a typical collector load of 50 kg, the designed tracking load is 50 kg with 620 mm spring length, 250 mm of sprocket wheel diameter and 60 mm tracking radius.

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9

Qin, Jiyun, Eric Hu, Graham J. Nathan, and Lei Chen. "Concentrating or non-concentrating solar collectors for solar Aided Power Generation?" Energy Conversion and Management 152 (November 2017): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.09.054.

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10

Franc, F., V. Jirka, M. Malý, and B. Nábělek. "Concentrating collectors with flat linear fresnel lenses." Solar & Wind Technology 3, no. 2 (January 1986): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(86)90017-2.

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11

Li, Jin Bin, Xiao Wei Zhao, and Xiao Fei Lu. "The Study of Shading Technology and Solar Heating in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2315.

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Анотація:

Based on the climate characteristics of the region which is hot in summer and cold in winter , this article introduces a solar energy heating technology, taking Hangzhou as an example and combining the theory of building energy efficiency. It is a collector-tank-double pump cycle of floor heating system, combining solar heating system with solar hot water system. Collectors are concentrating vacuum tube collectors, which can efficiently use solar energy. Combining solar collector with the building integration, we can use solar energy resources, and it can play shading effect.

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12

Chinnasamy, Subramaniyan, Subramani Jothirathinam, Kalidasan Balasubramanian, Anbuselvan Natarajan, Thangaraj Yuvaraj, Natarajan Prabaharan, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Investigation on the Optical Design and Performance of a Single-Axis-Tracking Solar Parabolic trough Collector with a Secondary Reflector." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179918.

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Анотація:

The design of solar concentrating collectors for the effective utilization of solar energy is a challenging condition due to tracking errors leading to different divergences of the solar incidence angle. To enhance the optical performance of solar parabolic trough collectors (SPTC) under a diverged solar incidence angle, an additional compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is introduced as a secondary reflector. SPTC with CPC is designed and modeled for a single axis-tracking concentrating collector based on the local ambient conditions. In this work, the optical performance of the novel SPTC system with and without a secondary reflector is investigated using MATLAB and TRACEPRO software simulations for various tracking errors. The significance parameters such as the solar incidence angle, aperture length, receiver tube diameter, rim angle, concentration ratio, solar radiation, and absorbed flux are analyzed. The simulation results show that the rate of the absorbed flux on the receiver tube is significantly improved by providing the secondary reflector, which enhances the optical efficiency of the collector. It is found that the optical efficiency of the SPTC with a secondary reflector is 20% higher than the conventional collector system for a solar incidence angle of 2°. This work can effectively direct the choice of optimal secondary reflectors for SPTC under different design and operating conditions.

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13

Eames, P. C., and B. Norton. "A Nonlinear Steady-State Characteristic Performance Curve for Medium-Temperature Solar Energy Collectors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 113, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930488.

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Анотація:

A numerical simulation model was employed to investigate the effects of ambient temperature and insolation of the efficiency of compound parabolic concentrating solar energy collectors. The limitations of presently used collector performance characterization curves were investigated and a new approach proposed. The major advantage of the new procedure over those employed previously is that different solar collector performance characteristics can now be readily normalized to a common set of environmental conditions. Thus, an equitable comparison may be made, in the context of the application conditions, of rating characteristics for disparate collectors which were obtained initially under different conditions.

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14

Azarian, Reza Danesh, Erdem Cuce, and Pinar Mert Cuce. "An Overview of Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) Collectors." Energy Research Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/erjsp.2017.11.21.

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15

Islam, Majedul, Prasad Yarlagadda, and Azharul Karim. "Effect of the Orientation Schemes of the Energy Collection Element on the Optical Performance of a Parabolic Trough Concentrating Collector." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010128.

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Анотація:

While the circular shape is currently the proven optimum design of the energy collection element (ECE) of a parabolic trough collector, that is yet to be confirmed for parabolic trough concentrating collectors (PTCCs) like trough concentrating photovoltaic collectors and hybrid photovoltaic/thermal collectors. Orientation scheme of the ECE is expected to have significant effect on the optical performance including the irradiance distribution around the ECE and the optical efficiency, and therefore, on the overall energy performance of the PTCC. However, little progress addressing this issue has been reported in the literature. In this study, a thorough investigation has been conducted to determine the effect of the orientation schemes of ECE on the optical performance of a PTCC applying a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT) technique. The orientation schemes considered are a flat rectangular target and a hollow circular, semi-circular, triangular, inverted triangular, rectangular and rectangle on semi-circle (RSc). The effect of ECE defocus, Sun tracking error and trough rim angle on the optical performance is also investigated. The MCRT study reveals that the ECE orientation schemes with a curved surface at the trough end showed much higher optical efficiency than those with a linear surface under ideal conditions. ECEs among the linear surface group, the inverted triangular orientation exhibited the highest optical efficiency, whereas the flat and triangular ones exhibited the lowest optical efficiency, and the rectangular one was in between them. In the event of defocus and tracking errors, a significant portion of the concentrated light was observed to be intercepted by the surfaces of the rectangular and RSc ECEs that are perpendicular to the trough aperture. This is an extended version of a published work by the current authors, which will help to design an optically efficient ECE for a parabolic trough concentrating collector.

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16

Parra, S., S. Malato, J. Blanco, P. Péringer, and C. Pulgarin. "Concentrating versus non-concentrating reactors for solar photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0290.

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The photocatalytic oxidation of the non-biodegradable p-nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid (p-NTS) in homogeneous (photo-Fenton reactions) and heterogeneous (with TiO2) solutions has been studied at a pilot-scale under solar irradiation at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA). In this study two different reactors were tested: a medium concentrating radiation system (Heliomans, HM) and a non-concentrating radiation system (CPC). Their advantages and disadvantages for p-NTS degradation have been compared and discussed. The degradation rates obtained in the CPC collector are around three times more efficient than in the HM collectors. However, in both systems, 100% of the initial concentration of p-NTS was removed. Kinetic experiments were performed in both systems using TiO2 suspensions. During the photodegradation, the disappearance of p-NTS was followed by HPLC, the mineralization of the solution by the TOC technique, the evolution of NO3-, NO2-, and SO4= concentration by ionic chromatography, the toxicity by the standard Microtox® test, and the biodegradability by BOD5 and COD measurements. The obtained results demonstrated the utility of the heterogeneous catalysis (using TiO2 as catalyst) as a pretreatment method that can be followed by a biological process.

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17

Prapas, D. E., B. Norton, and S. D. Probert. "Thermal Design of Compound Parabolic Concentrating Solar-Energy Collectors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268194.

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Анотація:

A theoretical analysis of the heat exchanges in a Compound Parabolic Concentrator solar energy collector is presented. The absorber configuration considered is that of a tube (with or without a spectrally-selective surface) either directly exposed or enclosed within one or two glass envelopes. The annular cavity formed between the tube and the surrounding envelope can be either air-filled or evacuated. The optimal annular gap, which leads to the best overall collector efficiency, has been predicted for the nonevacuated arrangement. It was found to be approximately 5 mm for the considered geometry. This is about half that recommended by Rabl and Ratzel and gives a 3 percent better overall collector efficiency than obtained with their design. The evacuation of the annular cavity or the application of a selective surface, separately employed, are demonstrated to yield improvements of the same order. It was necessary, for the particular solar radiation data used, both to evacuate the cavity and apply a selective surface if receiver temperatures exceeding 140°C are required. The comparative performances of different CPC designs have also been considered. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results and adequate corroboration was obtained.

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18

Ayadi, Osama, Marcello Aprile, and Mario Motta. "Solar Cooling Systems Utilizing Concentrating Solar Collectors - An Overview." Energy Procedia 30 (2012): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.099.

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19

Li, Lu, Yinshi Li, and Ya-Ling He. "Flexible and efficient feedforward control of concentrating solar collectors." Applied Thermal Engineering 171 (May 2020): 115053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115053.

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20

DeJarnette, Drew, Todd Otanicar, Nick Brekke, Parameswar Hari, and Kenneth Roberts. "Selective spectral filtration with nanoparticles for concentrating solar collectors." Journal of Photonics for Energy 5, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 057008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jpe.5.057008.

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21

Bellos, Evangelos, and Christos Tzivanidis. "Concentrating Solar Collectors for a Trigeneration System—A Comparative Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134492.

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Анотація:

The objective of this study is the investigation of different solar concentrating collectors for application in a trigeneration system. Parabolic trough collectors, linear Fresnel reflectors and solar dishes are the examined solar concentrating technologies in this work. The trigeneration unit includes an organic Rankine cycle coupled with an absorption heat machine that operates with LiBr/water. The analysis is performed throughout the year by using the weather data of Athens in Greece. The results of this work indicate that the selection of parabolic trough collectors is the best choice because it leads to the maximum yearly system energy efficiency of 64.40% and to the minimum simple payback period of 6.25 years. The second technology is the solar dish with the energy efficiency of 62.41% and the simple payback period of 6.95 years, while the linear Fresnel reflector is the less efficient technology with the energy efficiency of 35.78% and with a simple payback period of 10.92 years. Lastly, it must be stated that the thermodynamic investigation of the system is performed with a created model in Engineering Equation Solver, while the dynamic analysis is performed with a code in the programming language FORTRAN.

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22

Uppal, Anubhav, and J. P. Kesari. "Solar Industrial Process Heating system for Indian Automobile Industry." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 1 (2016): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.411647.

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Анотація:

Indian automobile industry is one of the largest in the world. To match production with demand, many automobile makers have started to invest heavily in various parts in the industry. Automobile industries have number of different production that needs large amounts of energy in form of electricity or heat. In automobile industry over 65% of the energy demand is for heating. Possible integration with proper solar thermal technology depending on the temperature range achieved by different solar collectors and temperature needed for process provided by heat application media. It also shows the current energy source or fuel being used to achieve these processes. Proposed system combines the direct steam generation concentrating collectors with the fossil fuel fired high pressure boiler. Solar thermal technology can be installed in the most automobile industrial sectors to lower consumption of fossil fuels, cut production costs, preserve environment by lessening CO2 emissions. Concentrating solar collector field is mounted on the roof of an industrial production site to Solaris the supply of saturated steam into steam network.

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23

Alayi, Reza, Mahdi Mohkam, Hossein Monfared, Alibek Issakhov, and Nima Khalilpoor. "Modeling and Analysis of Energy/Exergy for Absorber Pipes of Linear Parabolic Concentrating Systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (November 11, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7929756.

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Анотація:

In this paper, the physical parameters of the absorber pipe of a linear parabolic collector have been investigated. The types of solar collectors, specifically the linear parabolic collector, have been comprehensively studied. Then, the mathematical model of heat transfer in the absorber pipe of the collector has been presented based on valid references. Numerical solutions of the equations related to the absorber pipe were performed by MATLAB software, and the effects of the physical parameters of the absorber pipe on its efficiency were investigated. The results show that increasing the length of the absorber pipe causes a nonlinear decrease in the efficiency of the absorber pipe. One of the important results is the increase in fluid temperature due to the increase in the diameter of the adsorbent tube, which increases the diameter of the fluid temperature by 60 K, in which the parameter increases the efficiency by 0.38%.

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24

Nasseriyan, Pouriya, Hossein Afzali Gorouh, João Gomes, Diogo Cabral, Mazyar Salmanzadeh, Tiffany Lehmann, and Abolfazl Hayati. "Numerical and Experimental Study of an Asymmetric CPC-PVT Solar Collector." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071669.

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Анотація:

Photovoltaic (PV) panels and thermal collectors are commonly known as mature technologies to capture solar energy. The efficiency of PV cells decreases as operating cell temperature increases. Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors (PVT) offer a way to mitigate this performance reduction by coupling solar cells with a thermal absorber that can actively remove the excess heat from the solar cells to the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). In order for PVT collectors to effectively counter the negative effects of increased operating cell temperature, it is fundamental to have an adequate heat transfer from the cells to the HTF. This paper analyzes the operating temperature of the cells in a low concentrating PVT solar collector, by means of both experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation results on the Solarus asymmetric Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) PowerCollector (PC). The PC solar collector features a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) reflector geometry called the Maximum Reflector Concentration (MaReCo) geometry. This collector is suited for applications such as Domestic Hot Water (DHW). An experimental setup was installed in the outdoor testing laboratory at Gävle University (Sweden) with the ability to measure ambient, cell and HTF temperature, flow rate and solar radiation. The experimental results were validated by means of an in-house developed CFD model. Based on the validated model, the effect of collector tilt angle, HTF, insulation (on the back side of the reflector), receiver material and front glass on the collector performance were considered. The impact of tilt angle is more pronounced on the thermal production than the electrical one. Furthermore, the HTF recirculation with an average temperature of 35.1 °C and 2.2 L/min flow rate showed that the electrical yield can increase by 25%. On the other hand, by using insulation, the thermal yield increases up to 3% when working at a temperature of 23 °C above ambient.

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25

Tyagi, S. K., Shengwei Wang, M. K. Singhal, S. C. Kaushik, and S. R. Park. "Exergy analysis and parametric study of concentrating type solar collectors." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 46, no. 12 (December 2007): 1304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.11.010.

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26

Redpath, David, Anshul Paneri, Harjit Singh, Ahmed Ghitas, and Mohamed Sabry. "Design of a Building-Scale Space Solar Cooling System Using TRNSYS." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 11549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811549.

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Анотація:

Research into solar absorption chillers despite their environmental benefits has been limited to date to mainly larger systems whilst ignoring smaller building-scale units, which can significantly benefit from the use of optimally designed, low concentrating, non-imaging optical reflectors. A solar absorption chiller system designed to provide year-round space cooling for a typical primary health care facility in Cairo, Egypt, was designed to match local ambient, solar, and occupancy conditions, its performance simulated and then optimized to minimize auxiliary power consumption using the TRNSYS18 software, TRNOPT. Different configurations of collector types, array areas, storage sizes and collector slopes were used to determine the optimum specifications for the system components. Non-concentrating Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETCs) were compared with the same Evacuated Tube Collectors but integrated with external Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPCs) with a geometric concentration ratio of 1.5X for supplying thermal energy to the single-effect absorption chiller investigated. This paper describes a user-friendly methodology developed for the design of solar heat-powered absorption chillers for small buildings using TRNSYS18 employing the Hookes–Jeeves algorithm within the TRNOPT function. Clear steps to avoid convergence problems when using TRNSYS are articulated to make repeatability for different systems and locations more straightforward. Collector array areas were varied from 30 m2 to 160 m2 and the size of the water-based thermal storage from 1 m3 to 3 m3 to determine the configuration that can supply the maximum solar fraction of the building’s cooling requirements for the lowest lifetime cost. The optimum solar fraction for ETCs and CPCs was found to be 0.66 and 0.94, respectively. If the current air conditioning demand is met through adoption of the CPC-based solar absorption systems this can potentially save the emission of 3,966,247 tCO2 per annum.

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27

Torres, João, Carlos Fernandes, João Gomes, Bonfiglio Luc, Giovinazzo Carine, Olle Olsson, and P. Branco. "Effect of Reflector Geometry in the Annual Received Radiation of Low Concentration Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071878.

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Solar concentrator photovoltaic collectors are able to deliver energy at higher temperatures for the same irradiances, since they are related to smaller areas for which heat losses occur. However, to ensure the system reliability, adequate collector geometry and appropriate choice of the materials used in these systems will be crucial. The present work focuses on the re-design of the Concentrating Photovoltaic system (C-PV) collector reflector presently manufactured by the company Solarus, together with an analysis based on the annual assessment of the solar irradiance in the collector. An open-source ray tracing code (Soltrace) is used to accomplish the modelling of optical systems in concentrating solar power applications. Symmetric parabolic reflector configurations are seen to improve the PV system performance when compared to the conventional structures currently used by Solarus. The parabolic geometries, using either symmetrically or asymmetrically placed receivers inside the collector, accomplished both the performance and cost-effectiveness goals: for almost the same area or costs, the new proposals for the PV system may be in some cases 70% more effective as far as energy output is concerned.

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Santana, Juan Pablo, Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio, Jia Wei Chew, Yong Zen Tan, Miguel Gijón-Rivera, and Iván Acosta-Pazmiño. "Performance Assessment of Coupled Concentrated Photovoltaic-Thermal and Vacuum Membrane Distillation (CPVT-VMD) System for Water Desalination." Energies 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031541.

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Numerical simulations were carried out to assess the technical and economic feasibility of a solar water desalination system that has a novel hybrid Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) collector coupled with a Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) process. A special characteristic of this CPVT is its triangular receiver with PV cells facing the reflecting surface. This type of receiver has the advantage of generating more electricity with less PV surface area and great potential to be used to hybridize conventional parabolic thermal collectors. TRNSYS was employed to analyze the annual performance of the CPVT-VMD system evaluating parameters such as solar fraction, specific permeate production and specific energy production for different coastal cities. In the dynamic simulations, local annual weather data and specific information about the characteristics and operating conditions of a real CPVT collector and a VMD module were considered. From the parametric analysis the optimal surface area of collectors and the input temperature of the VDM module were determined. A maximum specific permeate of 218.410 m 3/m2VMD for Acapulco, MX, and a minimum of 170.365 m 3/m2VMD for Singapore, SG, were achieved for the proposed CPVT-VMD system of four solar collectors with an operating set temperature of 55 °C. An economic profit was found after 7 years for Acapulco city, which showed great potential to use solar energy from hybrid CPVT collectors for a VMD process to provide freshwater in coastal cities.

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29

João, Gomes. "Testing bifacial PV cells in symmetric and asymmetric concentrating CPC collectors." Engineering 05, no. 01 (2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.51b034.

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30

Zhu, Guangdong, Tim Wendelin, Michael J. Wagner, and Chuck Kutscher. "History, current state, and future of linear Fresnel concentrating solar collectors." Solar Energy 103 (May 2014): 639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.05.021.

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31

Bellos, Evangelos, and Christos Tzivanidis. "A review of concentrating solar thermal collectors with and without nanofluids." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 135, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 763–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7183-1.

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32

Jubran, B. A., and M. A. Al-Saad. "Prediction of solar irradiance on concentrating collectors under Jordanian climatic conditions." Energy Conversion and Management 34, no. 2 (February 1993): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(93)90153-2.

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33

Al-Alili, A., Y. Hwang, R. Radermacher, and I. Kubo. "A high efficiency solar air conditioner using concentrating photovoltaic/thermal collectors." Applied Energy 93 (May 2012): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.010.

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34

Alsagri, Ali Sulaiman, Abdulrahman A. Alrobaian, and Sulaiman A. Almohaimeed. "Concentrating solar collectors in absorption and adsorption cooling cycles: An overview." Energy Conversion and Management 223 (November 2020): 113420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113420.

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35

Tagle-Salazar, Pablo D., Krishna D. P. Nigam, and Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio. "Parabolic trough solar collectors: A general overview of technology, industrial applications, energy market, modeling, and standards." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 595–649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0059.

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AbstractMany innovative technologies have been developed around the world to meet its energy demands using renewable and nonrenewable resources. Solar energy is one of the most important emerging renewable energy resources in recent times. This study aims to present the state-of-the-art of parabolic trough solar collector technology with a focus on different thermal performance analysis methods and components used in the fabrication of collector together with different construction materials and their properties. Further, its industrial applications (such as heating, cooling, or concentrating photovoltaics), solar energy conversion processes, and technological advancements in these areas are discussed. Guidelines on commercial software tools used for performance analysis of parabolic trough collectors, and international standards related to performance analysis, quality of materials, and durability of parabolic trough collectors are compiled. Finally, a market overview is presented to show the importance and feasibility of this technology. We believe the compilation of reviews related to the above aspects will further provide impetus for the development of this technology in the near future.

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36

Siva Reddy, E., R. Meenakshi Reddy, and K. Krishna Reddy. "Experimental Study on Thermal Efficiency of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) Using Al₂O₃/H₂O Nanofluid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.192.

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Dispersing small amounts of solid nano particles into base-fluid has a significant impact on the thermo-physical properties of the base-fluid. These properties are utilized for effective capture and transportation of solar energy. This paper attempts key idea for harvesting solar energy by using alumina nanofluid in concentrating parabolic trough collectors. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the performance of a parabolic trough collector using Al2O3-H2O based nanofluid. Results clearly indicate that at same ambient, inlet temperatures, flow rate, concentration ratio etc. hike in thermal efficiency is around 5-10 % compared to the conventional Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC). Further, the effect of various parameters such as concentration ratio, receiver length, fluid velocity, volume fraction of nano particles has been studied. The different flow rates employed in the experiment are 2 ml/s, 4 ml/s and 6 ml/s. Volumetric concentration of 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% has been studied in the experiment. Surfactants are not introduced to avoid bubble formation. Tracking mode of parabolic trough collector is manual. Results also reveal that Al2O3-H2O based nanofluid has higher efficiency at higher flow rates.

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37

Sami, Samuel. "Analysis of Nanofluids Behavior in Concentrated Solar Power Collectors with Organic Rankine Cycle." Applied System Innovation 2, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi2030022.

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In this paper, the performance of nanofluids in a Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Collector (CSP)-based power generation plant, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system is studied. This study is intended to investigate the enhancement effect and characteristics of nanofluids Al2O3, CuO, Fe3O4 and SiO2 in integrated concentrating solar power (CSP) with ORC, and TES under different solar radiations, angles of incidence, and different nanofluid concentrations. The refrigerant mixture used in the ORC loop to enhance the ORC efficiency is an environmentally sound quaternary mixture composed of R134a, R245fa, R125, R236fa. The results showed that the power absorbed, and power collected by the CSP collector and thermal energy stored in the storage tank are enhanced with the increase of the solar radiation. It was also found that the CSP hybrid system efficiency has been enhanced mainly by the increase of the solar radiation and higher nanofluid concentrations over the thermal oil as base fluid. Also, the study concludes that the nanofluid CuO outperforms the other nanofluids—Al2O3, Fe3O4 and SiO2—and has the highest CSP solar collector performance compared to the other nanofluids and thermal oil base fluid under study at similar conditions. Finally, it was found that the model’s prediction compares fairly with data reported in the literature; however, some discrepancies exist between the model’s prediction and the experimental data.

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38

Masood, Faisal, Nursyarizal Bin Mohd Nor, Perumal Nallagownden, Irraivan Elamvazuthi, Rahman Saidur, Mohammad Azad Alam, Javed Akhter, Mohammad Yusuf, Mubbashar Mehmood, and Mujahid Ali. "A Review of Recent Developments and Applications of Compound Parabolic Concentrator-Based Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095529.

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The concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors offer the benefits of the reduced per-unit price of electrical energy and co-generation of electrical and thermal energies by intensifying the solar irradiation falling on the hybrid receiving plane. The compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) collectors have appeared as a promising candidate for numerous applications in the field of solar energy due to their ability to collect both direct and diffuse solar radiation and suitability for stationary installation. Over the last few decades, various configurations of CPC collectors have been proposed and investigated by different researchers for the simultaneous generation of electrical and thermal energies. This article presents a comprehensive review of historical and recent developments and applications of CPC-based hybrid PVT systems. The review focuses on the heat extraction mechanisms and commonly used application areas of CPC-PVT systems. The innovative design configurations proposed by different researchers have been reviewed in detail. The outputs of CPC-PVT systems are generally found to be superior to their counterparts without CPCs, which justifies their increased popularity. Due to dual outputs, the hybrid CPC-PVT systems are considered to be suitable for rooftop and building façade integrated applications. Finally, future recommendations have been enlisted, highlighting the potential research opportunities and challenges for the prospective researchers working in the field of concentrating solar PVT systems.

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39

Jensen, Adam, and Ioannis Sifnaios. "Modeling, Validation, and Analysis of a Concentrating Solar Collector Field Integrated with a District Heating Network." Solar 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2020013.

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In recent years, concentrating solar collectors have been integrated with several district heating systems with the aim of taking advantage of their low heat losses. The present study investigates the Brønderslev combined heat and power plant, which consists of a 16.6 MW parabolic trough collector field, two biomass boilers, and an organic Rankine cycle system. The study focuses on the solar collector field performance and integration with the district heating network. An in situ characterization of the parabolic solar collector field using the quasi-dynamic test method found that the field had a peak efficiency of 72.7%. Furthermore, a control strategy for supplying a constant outlet temperature to the district heating network was presented and implemented in a TRNSYS simulation model of the solar collector field. The developed simulation model was validated by comparison to measurement data. Subsequently, the simulation model was used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the influence of the collector row spacing and tracking axis orientation. The results showed that the current suboptimal tracking axis rotation, made necessary by the geography of the location, only reduced the annual power output by 1% compared to the optimal configuration. Additionally, there were only minor improvements in the annual heat output when the row spacing was increased past 15 m (ground cover ratio of 0.38).

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40

Napier-Moore, Philip. "Briefing: Concentrating solar power compared with flat-plate collectors, south-east Asia." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy 164, no. 2 (May 2011): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ener.10.00014.

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41

Nevlyudov, l. Sh, V. O. Pismenetsky, V. A. Frolov, О. О. Chala, M. V. Gerasimenko, and S. M. Kulish. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SILICON SOLAR CELLS WITH CYLINDRICAL PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 77, no. 2 (2018): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v77.i2.80.

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42

Samatova, L. A., V. I. Ryaboy, and E. D. Shepeta. "Investigation into flotation properties of new collectors when concentrating scheelite–sulfide ores." Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 58, no. 3 (May 2017): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1067821217030166.

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43

Kong, Li, Yunpeng Zhang, Zhijian Lin, Zhongzhu Qiu, Chunying Li, and Ping Le. "Optimal design of the solar tracking system of parabolic trough concentrating collectors." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaa065.

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Abstract The present work aimed to select the optimum solar tracking mode for parabolic trough concentrating collectors using numerical simulation. The current work involved: (1) the calculation of daily solar radiation on the Earth’s surface, (2) the comparison of annual direct solar radiation received under different tracking modes and (3) the determination of optimum tilt angle for the north-south tilt tracking mode. It was found that the order of solar radiation received in Shanghai under the available tracking modes was: dual-axis tracking > north-south Earth’s axis tracking > north-south tilt tracking (β = 15°) > north-south tilt tracking (β = 45) > north-south horizontal tracking > east-west horizontal tracking. Single-axis solar tracking modes feature simple structures and low cost. This study also found that the solar radiation received under the north-south tilt tracking mode was higher than that of the north-south Earth’s axis tracking mode in 7 out of 12 months. Therefore, the north-south tilt tracking mode was studied separately to determine the corresponding optimum tilt angles in Haikou, Lhasa, Shanghai, Beijing and Hohhot, respectively, which were shown as follows: 18.81°, 27.29°, 28.67°, 36.21° and 37.97°.

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44

Ding, Qing, Shama F. Barna, Kyle Jacobs, Aakash Choubal, Glennys Mensing, Zhong Zhang, Kaito Yamada, et al. "Feasibility Analysis of Nanostructured Planar Focusing Collectors for Concentrating Solar Power Applications." ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, no. 12 (November 13, 2018): 6927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b01328.

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45

Daneshazarian, Reza, Erdem Cuce, Pinar Mert Cuce, and Farooq Sher. "Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) collectors and systems: Theory, performance assessment and applications." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81 (January 2018): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.013.

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46

Sansom, Christopher, Paul Comley, Debabrata Bhattacharyya, and Nastja Macerol. "A Comparison of Polymer Film and Glass Collectors for Concentrating Solar Power." Energy Procedia 49 (2014): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.023.

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47

Taşdemiroǧlu, E., and F. Arinç. "Computation of the solar irradiance incident on concentrating collectors based in Turkey." Energy Conversion and Management 26, no. 3-4 (January 1986): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(86)90009-9.

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48

Saltiel, C., and M. Sokolov. "Rav Tracing Simulation Of Line Concentrating Solar Energv Collectors With Tubular Absorbers." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 6, no. 3 (January 1986): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.1986.11759968.

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49

Al-Khalidy, Nehad. "Experimental investigation of solar concentrating collectors in a refrigerant ejector refrigeration machine." International Journal of Energy Research 21, no. 12 (October 10, 1997): 1123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-114x(19971010)21:12<1123::aid-er313>3.0.co;2-b.

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50

Fontani, D., P. Sansoni, F. Francini, D. Jafrancesco, L. Mercatelli, and E. Sani. "Pointing Sensors and Sun Tracking Techniques." International Journal of Photoenergy 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/806518.

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Анотація:

Every optical system for sunlight concentration requires following the sun in its movement. The sun tracking method is essentially chosen on the base of collection geometry and optical system configuration. A simple, useful, and original technique to realise sun tracking is proposed. It is based on a double guiding system using two complementary procedures. A passive tracking device performs a preliminary collector orientation. Then an active tracking system realises its fine positioning and adjustments exploiting an optical pointing sensor. The core of this active tracking device is the sun finder. Pointing sensors for fibre-coupled, CPV (Concentrating Photo voltaic), and linear collectors are presented, illustrating in detail the working principle and practical use. All sensors were optically characterised in laboratory, under controlled and reproducible conditions. Some field tests completed the experimentation evaluating the sensors performance in outdoor working conditions.

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