Дисертації: "Computational fabrication"

1

Araya, Goldberg Sergio. "Parametric constructs : computational designs for digital fabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35505.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-152).
This thesis explores strategies for building design toolchains in order to design, develop and fabricate architectural forms. The hipothesys of this research is that by embedding ruled based procedures addressing generative, variational, iterative, and fabricational logics, into early phases of form finding or form research process, it is possible to enhance and augment the repertoire of possible design methods yet facilitating the development and fabrication of such designs. Shape computing, parametric modeling, scripting, and digital fabrication are the tools chained in the research presented in this thesis. Complex curved forms were chosen in the different case studies to exemplify the advantages of this method in designing and fabricating this complex shapes which have proven to be particularly difficult to construct by traditional methods, usually requiring a reduction in complexity. The method proposed here allows the designer to maintain certain level of complexity and yet explore better and more appropriate solutions.
by Sergio Araya Goldberg.
S.M.

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2

Koo, B. "Computational fabrication guided by function and material usage." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1508186/.

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This thesis introduces novel computational design paradigms for digital fabrication guided by function and material usage. With these approaches, the users can design prototypes of mechanical objects by specifying high-level functions of the objects, instead of manipulating low-level geometric details. These methods also provide the users with design suggestions which minimise material wastage during the design process. The benefit of these approaches is that the users can focus on the exploration of the design space without worrying about the realisability of the design or efficient material usage. The shallow exploration of the design space due to the lack of guidance of the users in terms of function and material usage has been one of the most critical obstacles to achieving good designs using existing design tools. We verify this hypothesis by designing and fabricating a variety of objects using our computational tools. The main contributions of the thesis are (i) clearly defined sets of constraints regarding function and material usage in the design and fabrication process, (ii) novel optimisation methods for generating designs subject to the constraints and (iii) computational tools which guide the users to design objects that satisfy the constraints.

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3

Freire, Marco. "Layout problems under topological constraints for computational fabrication." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0073.

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Les problèmes d'agencement surviennent dans de nombreux contextes en ingénierie et en informatique. Typiquement, la résolution d'un problème d'agencement consiste en l'organisation spatiale et l'interconnexion d'un ensemble d'éléments dans un espace. Cet espace et ces interconnexions peuvent être de complexité très variable. Un ensemble de contraintes et d'objectifs complémentent la description du problème, tels que minimiser la longueur ou la surface des interconnexions, ou fixer la position de certains éléments. La planification des étages en architecture, de niveaux de jeux vidéo, l'agencement d'installations industrielles ou de circuits électroniques, sont tous des exemples de problèmes d'agencement. Les contraintes topologiques jouent un rôle important dans l'agencement. La topologie considère des objets définis par les voisinages de leurs éléments, sans s'attarder sur leur géométrie spécifique. Par exemple, un graphe est une entité topologique, constituée uniquement des liens entre ses nœuds. Au contraire, dessiner un graphe est une opération géométrique, puisqu'elle demande de spécifier la position des nœuds. Cette thèse se focalise sur la résolution de deux problèmes d'agencement spécifiques liés à la fabrication et la conception computationnelles sujets à des contraintes topologiques. Plus particulièrement, il s'agit de la génération d'agencements de circuits électroniques et la génération de supports pour l'impression 3D. La première contribution est un système pour la conception d'écrans surfaciques constitués de DEL RVB à travers l'utilisation de circuits imprimés pliables. Nous plions les circuits imprimés traditionnels en utilisant des motifs de découpe localisés, créant ainsi des `charnières' dans la plaque. Le système prend en entrée un maillage basse-résolution et produit des plans pouvant être envoyés à des services en ligne de fabrication de circuits. Suite à la fabrication, l'écran est assemblé en pliant le circuit sur une impression 3D du maillage d'origine. Les écrans fabriqués peuvent être contrôlés à travers une interface similaire à des shaders pour créer des effets lumineux impressionnants. Le problème global est découpé en sous-problèmes locaux grâce à la topologie chaînée du circuit, les plans finaux étant obtenus en `recousant' les solutions aux sous-problèmes. Au lieu de suivre la méthode traditionnelle d'agencement électronique (concevoir le schéma électrique, placer et connecter les composants); nous décidons du nombre de composants, leur placement et leur routage séparément pour chaque triangle au moment-même de la génération. La deuxième contribution est un algorithme procédural pour la génération de supports pour l'impression 3D sous forme d'échafaudages. Ces supports s'impriment de manière fiable et sont stables [DHL14]. L'algorithme précédent ne considère pas les intersections entre les supports et l'objet imprimé, laissant des marques indésirables sur la surface de l'objet. De plus, la complexité de l'algorithme dépend du nombre de points à porter. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme inspiré du emph{Model Synthesis} (MS) [Mer09]. Il évite implicitement les intersections et sa complexité est indépendante du nombre de points à porter. Les supports sont représentés indirectement à travers un ensemble d'étiquettes, chacune représentant une partie de la structure (par exemple une partie de pilier, de pont, ou une jonction); et un ensemble de contraintes d'adjacence déterminant quelles combinaisons d'étiquettes sont possibles dans toutes les directions. Les supports sont générés de haut en bas en attribuant de façon répétée une étiquette à un voxel, puis en propageant les contraintes afin d'éliminer les étiquettes rendues impossibles. Cet algorithme, les contraintes d'adjacences et les heuristiques utilisées sont conçues ensemble pour générer des supports sans essai-erreur ou retours arrière, typiques du MS et autres méthodes similaires
Layout problems appear in many areas of engineering and computer science. Typically, a layout problem requires to spatially arrange and interconnect a number of geometric elements in a domain. The elements can have a fixed or variable size, as well as an arbitrary shape. The domain may be be a volume, a planar region or a surface. It may be fixed or allowed to reshape. The interconnections may be simple paths, shared contact regions, or both. A set of constraints and objectives complement the problem definition, such as minimizing interconnection length, fixed positions for some elements, and many others. Layout problems are ubiquitous: floorplanning in architectural design, video game level design, industrial facility layout planning, electronics physical layout design, and so on. Topological constraints often arise in layout problems. Topology considers objects as defined by their elements' neighborhoods, without consideration for their specific geometry of placement. For example, a graph is a purely topological structure, consisting only of the relationships between its nodes. On the other hand, a graph drawing needs to specify the position of its nodes, i.e. the geometry of the graph. This thesis focuses on tackling two specific layout problems subject to topological constraints arising in computational design and fabrication. These are electronic circuit physical layout generation and 3D printing support generation. The first contribution is an entire system for the design of freeform RGB LED displays through bendable circuit boards. Typical rigid PCBs are made to bend by strategically using kerfing, i.e. cutting patterns into the board to create `hinges' where it needs to fold. The system takes a low-poly mesh as an input and outputs fabrication-ready blueprints, that can be sent to any online PCB manufacturer. After fabrication, the display is obtained by folding the circuit over the 3D printed mesh. The LEDs are commonly found on commercially available LED strips and are easy to control. Thus, the display can be used through a programmable interface to generate impressive lighting effects in real time. The global layout problem is decomposed into local per-triangle sub-problems by exploiting the chain topology of the electronic circuit, the final layout being obtained by stitching the local solutions. Instead of traditionally following the physical design pipeline, i.e. schematics design, component placement and routing; we decide the number of components, their placement and their routing per-triangle on the fly. The second contribution is a procedural algorithm for generating bridges-and-pillars supports for 3D printing. These supports have been shown to print reliably and in a stable manner in [DHL14]. Unfortunately, the previous algorithm struggles to generate supports that do not intersect the object, leaving visible scars on its surface after support removal. Additionally, its complexity scales with the number of points to support. We propose an algorithm based on emph{Model Synthesis} (MS) [Mer09] to generate these supports, with an implicit knowledge of object avoidance and a complexity independent of the number of points to support. Our algorithm works on a voxelized representation of the object. The supports are encoded in the algorithm with a set of labels, each representing a part of the structure (e.g. a pillar block, a bridge block, a pillar-bridge junction); and a set of adjacency constraints defining all possible label combinations in every direction. The supports for an object are generated top to bottom by repeatedly assigning labels to voxels and propagating constraints to remove inconsistent labels in the domain. The algorithm, adjacency constraints and heuristics are co-designed to avoid the need for trial-and-error or backtracking, typical of MS and similar approaches

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4

Mohammed, Shiras Chakkungal. "Digital Detail – Computational Approaches for Multi Performative Building Skins." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262259520.

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5

Ulu, Nurcan Gecer. "Computational Design and Evaluation Methods for Empowering Non-Experts in Digital Fabrication." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1187.

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Despite the increasing availability of personal fabrication hardware and services, the true potential of digital fabrication remains unrealized due to lack of computational techniques that can support 3D shape design by nonexperts. This work develops computational methods that address two key aspects of content creation:(1) Function-driven design synthesis, (2) Design assessment. For design synthesis, a generative shape modeling algorithm that facilitates automatic geometry synthesis and user-driven modification for nonexperts is introduced. A critical observation that arises from this study is that the most geometrical specifications are dictated by functional requirements. To support design by high-level functional prescriptions, a physics based shape optimization method for compliant coupling behavior design has been developed. In line with this idea, producing complex 3D surfaces from flat 2D sheets by exploiting the concept of buckling beams has also been explored. Effective design assessment, the second key aspect, becomes critical for problems in which computational solutions do not exist. For these problems, this work proposes crowdsourcing as a way to empower non-experts in esoteric design domains that traditionally require expertise and specialized knowledge.

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6

Jacobs, Jennifer (Jennifer Mary). "Algorithmic craft : the synthesis of computational design, digital fabrication, and hand craft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91843.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2013.
49
Title as it appears in the MIT degrees awarded booklet, September 18, 2013: Algorithmic craft: tools and practices for creating useful and decorative objects with code Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-131).
Programing is a singular creative tool with the potential to support personal expression. Unfortunately, many people who are new to programing view it as a highly specialized, difficult and inaccessible skill that is only relevant for career paths in science, engineering, or business fields. Despite this perception, programing enables novel forms of creative expression and communication in the medium of computation. Visual and physical art, craft, and design are interrelated domains that offer exciting possibilities when extended by computation. By forging strong connections between the skill of programming and the construction of personally relevant physical objects, it may be possible to foster meaningful creative experiences in computation and making for non-professionals. The combination of computational design, digital fabrication, and hand craft to create functional artifacts offers an opportunity to make programing compelling for people with an interest in craft sensitive forms of making. I define the synthesis of these fields with the term algorithmic craft. This thesis describes my work in developing a set of software tools that attempt to make the practice of algorithmic craft accessible for novice programers. Through it, I describe the design of each tool and discuss my experiences in engaging people in the creation of objects that are imagined by the mind, designed with programming, formed by machines, and shaped by hand.
by Jennifer Jacobs.
S.M.

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7

Juknevicius, Vilius. "Digital Design and Fabrication within Technical and Economical Limitations." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-181318.

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Today, designing in digital environment is far less limiting than the physical reality that the product will end up in - stresses and forces, physical material properties, manufacturing possibilities, economic considerations and etc. are to a large extent not present in digital design tools. With many of these being directly computable it would make sense to introduce these restrictions from the physical world to the digital design environment. By doing this with we could take account of the inevitable restrictions from the very initial design phases and considerations, hopefully enabling us to make better informed decisions and designs.
Idag, designar i digitala miljön är betydligt mindre begränsande än den fysiska verkligheten att produkten kommer att hamna i - spänningar och krafter, fysikaliska materialegenskaper, tillverkningsmöjligheter, ekonomiska överväganden och etc. är i stor utsträckning inte finns i digitala designverktyg. Med många av dessa är direkt beräkningsbar det skulle vara meningsfullt att införa dessa restriktioner från den fysiska världen till den digitala designmiljö. Genom att göra detta med vi kunde ta hänsyn till de oundvikliga begränsningar från mycket ursprungliga utformning och överväganden, förhoppningsvis gör det möjligt för oss att fatta bättre underbyggda beslut och designer.

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8

Di, Giacinto Barabaschi Giada. "Design and Fabrication of Cell-laden Gelatin Methacrylated Hydrogel Scaffold for Improving Biotransportation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14422.

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One of the main goals of Tissue Engineering (TE), which has been developed rapidly over the recent years, is to re-create organs or tissues in vitro or in vivo with mimicked the anatomy and functions of body systems. Nowadays, replacing damaged tissues or organs has been a main focus in this field for addressing a significant shortage of donor tissues. Vascularisation plays a crucial role in supplying cells and tissue with essential oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products from the engineered tissue constructs. Any issue in nutrient perfusion and mass transport could significantly restrict construct development to dimensions smaller than clinically useful size, thus limiting the ability for in vivo integration. The main objectives of this study are to develop a novel framework for computational design using topology optimisation and microfabrication of 3D scaffolds using gelatin-based hydrogels (GelMa), allowing artificial vascularisation in vitro for testing if the framework is valid through the investigation into cellular viability inside the construct. In this thesis, computational models were first generated to simulate oxygen transport through solving the diffusion equation. The diffusion models are then used to optimise scaffold topology. By means of microfabrication technologies, hydrogel-based constructs were fabricated to prototype the sophisticated scaffolds. Cellular viability study was also performed to validate computational simulations and design. The results showed a higher cellular survival rate in optimally patterned constructs than the control. In summary, the work presented here is not only technically simple and cost-effective, but also establishes an effective approach to the design and fabrication of a vascularised biodegradable and scaffold-free constructs. The proposed methodology will be of considerable implication for engineering bulk tissue constructs which require sufficient ongoing vascularization in the future.

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9

Lopes, Rodrigo Aranha Pereira. "Computational strategies applied to product design." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17993.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Design de Produto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Em diferentes ocasiões, Richard Sennett e Vilém Flusser descreveram que a prática e a teoria, a técnica e a expressão, a arte e a tecnologia, o criador e o usuário, antes compartilhavam a mesma raíz. Ao longo da história, no entanto, estes conceitos se dividiram com o design posicionado ao centro. Esta proposta de pesquisa visa, em primeiro lugar, contribuir para a diminuição desta herdada separação. Isso, por meio do uso de estratégias computacionais aplicadas ao design. O presente estudo aplicará essa abordagem ao projeto e construção de uma prancha de surfe. Um dos objetivos é desenvolver uma plataforma de codesign que permita aos usuários gerarem suas próprias pranchas de surf, por meio de modelagem algorítmica / paramétrica (Grasshopper e ShapeDiver). Um segundo aspecto considera criticamente os materiais utilizados na indústria do surf, com o objetivo de desenvolver produtos que utilizem materiais menos nocivos ao meio ambiente e com maior capacidade de controle e alteração em relação às capacidades de desempenho. Em particular, esta proposta visa desenvolver um algoritmo para gerar objetos com seus núcleos internos compostos por estruturas de papel. O objeto específico a ser gerado neste caso é uma prancha de surf.
ABSTRACT: As pointed out on different occasions by both Richard Sennett and Villém Flusser, practice and theory, technique and expression, art and technology, maker and user, once shared a common ground. Throughout history, however, they have become divided. Design stands in between. This research proposal firstly aims to contribute to the diminishing of this historical inheritance. This, by means of providing a workflow for designers with the use of computational strategies. The present study will apply this approach to the design and building of a surfboard. The goal is to develop a co-designing platform allowing users to generate their own tailor-made surfboard by means of algorithmic/parametric modeling (Grasshopper and Shapediver). A second aspect critically considers the materials used in the surf industry, with the objective of developing products using materials that are less harmful to the environment and with a greater capacity of control and alteration with regards to performance capabilities. In particular, this proposal aims to develop an algorithm that can be used to generate objects of paper structures composing their inner core. The specific object to be generated in this case, is a surfboard.
N/A

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10

Yoon, Chan. "Computational design, fabrication, and characterization of microarchitectured solid oxide fuel cells with improved energy efficiency." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41183.

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Electrodes in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) must possess both adequate porosity and electronic conductivity to perform their functions in the cell. They must be porous to permit rapid mass transport of reactant and product gases and sufficiently conductive to permit efficient electron transfer. However, it is nearly impossible to simultaneously control porosity and conductivity using conventional design and fabrication techniques. In this dissertation, computational design and performance optimization of microarchitectured SOFCs is first investigated in order to achieve higher power density and thus higher efficiency than currently attainable in state-of-the-art SOFCs. This involves a coupled multiphysics simulation of mass transport, electrochemical charge transfer reaction, and current balance as a function of SOFC microarchitecture. Next, the fabrication of microarchitectured SOFCs consistent with the computational designs is addressed based on anode-supported SOFC button cells using the laser ablation technique. Finally, the performance of a fabricated SOFC unit cell is characterized and compared against the performance predicted by the computational model. The results show that the performance of microarchitectured SOFCs was improved against the baseline structure and measured experimental data were well matched to simulation results.

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11

Boyd, Darren Ray. "A Multi-Physics Computational Approach to Simulating THz Photoconductive Antennas with Comparison to Measured Data and Fabrication of Samples." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/39.

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The frequency demands of radiating systems are moving into the terahertz band with potential applications that include sensing, imaging, and extremely broadband communication. One commonly used method for generating and detecting terahertz waves is to excite a voltage-biased photoconductive antenna with an extremely short laser pulse. The pulsed laser generates charge carriers in a photoconductive substrate which are swept onto the metallic antenna traces to produce an electric current that radiates or detects a terahertz band signal. Therefore, analysis of a photoconductive antenna requires simultaneous solutions of both semiconductor physics equations (including drift-diffusion and continuity relations) and Maxwell’s equations. A multi-physics analysis scheme based on the Discontinuous-Galerkin Finite-Element Time-Domain (DGFETD) is presented that couples the semiconductor drift-diffusion equations with the electromagnetic Maxwell’s equations. A simple port model is discussed that efficiently couples the two equation sets. Various photoconductive antennas were fabricated using TiAu metallization on a GaAs substrate and the fabrication process is detailed. Computed emission intensities are compared with measured data. Optimized antenna designs based on the analysis are presented for a variety of antenna configurations.

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12

Herrera, Polo Pablo C. "Computational Design Solutions in architectural education: The use of script language to design complex surfaces." Universidad La Salle, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/323239.

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pablo@espaciosdigitales.org
In this paper, the author explains why architects who know how to use scripts have an advantage over the ones who just know how to manipulate a specific software. The reason behind this affirmation is that knowing how to program frees the architect from the rules and language of the interactive software. To prove his point, the author organized two workshops where students at the school of architecture learned to use Rhinoscript. The students didn’t create a new interface, but used an existing one. They adapted the program (Rhino) to a design problem they had formulated at the beginning of the workshop. Students could have also used MaxScript (3DS Max) and MelScript (Maya).

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13

Singh, John-Luke Benjamin. "Design and Fabrication of Micro-Channels and Numerical Analysis of Droplet Motion Near Microfluidic Return Bends." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31706.

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Three-dimensional spheroid arrays represent in vivo activity better than conventional 2D cell culturing. A high-throughput microfluidic chip may be capable of depositing cells into spheroid arrays, but it is difficult to regulate the path of individual cells for deposition. Droplets that encapsulate cells may aid in facilitating cell delivery and deposition in the return bend of a microfluidic chip. In this study, a low-cost method for fabricating polymer-cast microfluidic chips has been developed for rapid device prototyping. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were conducted to quantify how a change in geometry or fluid properties affects the dynamics of a droplet. These simulations have shown that the deformation, velocity, and trajectory of a droplet are altered when varying the geometry and fluid properties of a multiphase microfluidic system. This quantitative data will be beneficial for the future design of a microfluidic chip for cell deposition into 3D spheroid arrays.

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Janakiraman, Vijayakumar. "DESIGN, FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIFURCATING MICROFLUIDIC NETWORKS FOR TISSUE-ENGINEERED PRODUCTS WITH BUILT-IN MICROVASCULATURE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1196457966.

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15

Ulu, Erva. "Enhancing the Structural Performance of Additively Manufactured Objects." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1188.

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The ability to accurately quantify the performance an additively manufactured (AM) product is important for a widespread industry adoption of AM as the design is required to: (1) satisfy geometrical constraints, (2) satisfy structural constraints dictated by its intended function, and (3) be cost effective compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Optimization techniques offer design aids in creating cost-effective structures that meet the prescribed structural objectives. The fundamental problem in existing approaches lies in the difficulty to quantify the structural performance as each unique design leads to a new set of analyses to determine the structural robustness and such analyses can be very costly due to the complexity of in-use forces experienced by the structure. This work develops computationally tractable methods tailored to maximize the structural performance of AM products. A geometry preserving build orientation optimization method as well as data-driven shape optimization approaches to structural design are presented. Proposed methods greatly enhance the value of AM technology by taking advantage of the design space enabled by it for a broad class of problems involving complex in-use loads.

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Arrè, Lidiana. "Design, fabrication and mechanical characterization studies on Wire and Arc Additively Manufactured (WAAM) diagrid elements." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25666/.

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The design approach changed in the last decades with the innovation offered by software for Computer-Aided Design (CAD), three-dimensional computer modelling and digital fabrication methods enabling new forms. The development in digital fabrication techniques led to the application of automatic processes in the structural engineering sector through Additive Manufacturing (AM) based technologies. It offers numerous benefits over conventional manufacturing methods, such as design of more complex and optimized components due to greater freedoms in shape and geometry, therefore bringing to a reduced material usage and shortened build times. The focus of this research is on the metal additive manufacturing methods, in particular, the adopted technique is the Wire-and-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), which best suits the possibility to realize large-scale metal structures and to allow new geometric forms. WAAM advantages compared to the other processes are fast large-scale production, freedoms in shape and geometry, structural efficiency with reduced material usage. The current research comprises the overarching process from the computational design to the mechanical characterization of the WAAM-produced elements, through the fabrication step. The computational design and fabrication stages were carried out at Technische Universität Braunschweig. There is still limited research focused on the characterization of WAAM-produced metal elements for structural engineering applications, therefore the research carried out at University of Bologna was focused on the establishment of 3D-outcome mechanical properties, pointing up the influence of surface roughness and imperfections on the mechanical response, together with the study on how the intersection between WAAM-produced bars influences the overall behavior of the specimen.

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Kovalev, Sergey. "PROBLÈMES COMBINATOIRES EN CONFIGURATION DES LIGNES DE FABRICATION : ANALYSE DE COMPLEXITÉ ET OPTIMISATION." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849179.

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L'objectif de la thèse est de créer et développer de nouvelles méthodes de résolution efficaces des problèmes combinatoires en configuration des lignes de fabrication. Deux problèmes ont été particulièrement étudiés: le problème d'équilibrage et de choix d'équipement pour des lignes dédiées et le problème de minimisation des coûts de changements de séries pour des lignes multi-produits. Une solution du premier problème consiste en une affectation admissible des ressources à un nombre de stations à déterminer de sorte que le coût total soit minimal. Afin de résoudre ce problème, nous l'avons réduit au problème de partition d'ensemble et l'avons résolu par des heuristiques gloutonnes et une méthode exacte de génération de contraintes. Les expérimentations sur différentes instances ont montré que la nouvelle approche de résolution surclasse les approches antérieures de la littérature en termes de qualité de solution et de temps de calcul. Pour le second problème deux critères sont considérés lexicographiquement : la minimisation du nombre de stations et la minimisation du coût de changement de séries. Nous avons examiné successivement les cas d'exécution parallèle et séquentielle des opérations. Des solutions approchées ont été trouvées par des heuristiques gloutonnes. Ensuite, nous avons proposé deux modèles de programmation linéaire en nombres entiers (PLNE) afin de trouver le nombre de stations minimal et ensuite d'obtenir le coût de changement de séries minimal. Les résultats des expérimentations sur ces nouveaux problèmes se sont avérés prometteurs à la fois en termes de qualité de solution et de temps de calcul.

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Courtais, Alexis. "Conceptions optimales de réacteurs à lit fixe par fabrication additive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0003.

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Cette thèse est un travail prospectif qui vise à appliquer en Génie des Procédés des méthodes d’optimisation de forme développées dans d'autres domaines d'ingénierie. La première partie de ce travail est dédiée au développement d'une méthodologie d'optimisation de forme et à son implantation dans le logiciel libre OpenFOAM. Elle a ensuite été appliquée afin de déterminer la configuration optimale du garnissage d'un réacteur à lit fixe en deux dimensions en écoulement monophasique de liquide. La méthodologie développée est ensuite testée pour déterminer la forme du garnissage qui minimise la dissipation d'énergie dans le fluide due aux frottements visqueux, la concentration moyenne de réactif en sortie, ou les deux simultanément à l'aide de l'optimisation multicritère. Les configurations optimales déterminées sont satisfaisantes et permettent une amélioration significative de la conversion du réacteur ou de la perte d'énergie dans le fluide. Dans une seconde partie, une campagne expérimentale a été réalisée dans l'objectif de valider la modélisation CFD effectuée par le logiciel OpenFOAM, nécessaire à l'optimisation de forme et simulant l'écoulement et les réactions mises en jeu dans le réacteur. Pour cela, des maquettes à l'échelle 1 du réacteur initial et des réacteurs optimaux ont été fabriquées par impression 3D dans le but de les expérimenter. Les expériences s'articulent autour de 3 techniques de mesure, la PIV (Vélocimétrie par Image de Particules), la mesure de DTS (Distribution des Temps de Séjour) et la mesure de la conversion à la sortie du réacteur. Finalement, il a été montré que l'optimisation du réacteur sous sa forme 2D permet une amélioration significative de ses performances même si la configuration déterminée est sûrement sous-optimale. En effet, après avoir comparé les mesures expérimentales aux simulations en deux et trois dimensions, il a été constaté que la simulation 3D est plus représentative de la réalité que la simulation 2D. Ainsi, optimiser le réacteur sous sa forme 3D serait une perspective intéressante pour la suite à condition d'améliorer le traitement des contraintes liées à l'étape de fabrication additive des réacteurs
This thesis is a prospective work which aims to apply in Chemical Engineering shape optimization methods developed in other areas of engineering. The first part of this work is dedicated to the development of a shape optimization method to determine the optimal configuration of a two-dimensional packed reactor with a single phase liquid flow. The developed method is then applied to determine the shape of the reactor packing that minimizes the energy dissipation in the fluid due to viscous friction, the average outlet concentration of reactant, or both simultaneously using multi-objective optimization. The optimal configurations determined are satisfactory and allow a significant improvement of the conversion rate or the energy losses in the reactor. In a second part, an experimental campaign was carried out in order to validate the CFD simulation performed by OpenFOAM software, required by the developed shape optimization approach and modeling the fluid flow and reactions involved in the reactor. For this purpose, scale 1 prototypes of the initial and optimal reactors have been manufactured by 3D printing in order to experiment them. The experimental campaign is based on 3 measurement techniques, the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), the measurement of RTD (Residence Time Distribution) and the measurement of the conversion rate at the reactor outlet. Finally, it has been shown that the optimization of the reactor in its 2D form allows a significant improvement of its performance even if the determined configuration is probably sub-optimal. Indeed, after comparing the experimental measurements with 2D and 3D simulations, it has been found that the 3D simulation is more representative of reality than the 2D simulation. Thus, optimizing the reactor in its 3D form would be an interesting perspective for the future works, provided the problem of constraints related to the reactor additive manufacturing step is fixed

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19

Trabelsi, Ali. "Etude et développement d'une méthode non heuristique pour la reconnaissance des caractéristiques interagissantes et non interagissantes à partir d'un graphe d'adjacence dirigé et évalué associé à la description cellulaire de la pièce, (GADEC)." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0398.

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Le processus de reconnaissance des caractéristiques à partir des modeleurs solides demeure la pierre d'angle pour un nombre d'applications telles que la génération du (es) plan (s) de fabrication, la recherche du chemin d'outil, ou la génération des codes de fabrication CNC. Une façon d'automatiser ces applications consiste à développer des interfaces permettant de convertir les informations géométriques et technologiques encapsulées par le dessin (modèle géométrique) en des données de fabrication (manufacturing data). Les systèmes de reconnaissance automatique des caractéristiques sont utilises pour cette fin. Par ailleurs, si ces systèmes et le dessin par les caractéristiques (design by features) sont de loin les plus utilisés ; ils souffrent néanmoins de nombreux handicaps. Par exemple, dans les systèmes de reconnaissance des caractéristiques à partir du modèle géométrique, il est difficile d'extraire et de manipuler correctement les caractéristiques interagissantes dans une pièce. Ce problème a sérieusement handicapé le développement de ces systèmes en comparaison avec le dessin par les caractéristiques et ceci malgré la simplicité de leur implémentation. Aussi les méthodes utilisées sont ambigües et d'une implémentation peu optimale. Elles nécessitent des moyens de stockage conséquents et des algorithmes intelligents, pour leur implémentation. Ce travail de thèse, œuvre en partie à lever ces limitations. La méthode GADEC utilise en entrée la représentation B-rep de la pièce. Par extension des faces, elle génère le modèle cellulaire associe. Le graphe d'adjacence, dirigé et évalué associe à la description cellulaire de la pièce (GADEC), est en suite établi. Celui-ci est scrute pour identifier les groupements de cellules qui incorporent les caractéristiques de la pièce. Dans le graphe GADEC, ces groupements de cellules correspondent aux composantes fortement connexes. La méthode utilise par ailleurs, une structure de données cellule-face. Celle-ci est contrastée dans ce travail avec les structures conventionnelles face-segment ou segment-point

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20

Huda, Gazi Mostafa. "Modification of Plasmonic Nano Structures' Absorption and Scattering Under Evanescent Wave Illumination Above Optical Waveguides or With the Presence of Different Material Nano Scale Atomic Force Microscope Tips." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/43.

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The interaction of an evanescent wave and plasmonic nanostructures are simulated in Finite Element Method. Specifically, the optical absorption cross section (Cabs) of a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) in the presence of metallic (gold) and dielectric (silicon) atomic force microscope (AFM) probes are numerically calculated in COMSOL. The system was illuminated by a transverse magnetic polarized, total internally reflected (TIR) waves or propagating surface plasmon (SP) wave. Both material nanoscale probes localize and enhance the field between the apex of the tip and the particle. Based on the absorption cross section equation the author was able to demonstrate the increment of absorption cross section when the Si tip was brought closer to the AuNP, or when the Si tip apex was made larger. However, the equation was not enough to predict the absorption modification under metallic tips, especially for a AgNP's Cabs; neither it was possible to estimate the optical absorption based on the localized enhanced field caused by a gold tip. With the help of the driven damped harmonic oscillator equation, the Cabs of nanoparticles was explained. In addition, this model was applicable for both TIR and Surface Plasmon Polaritons illuminations. Fitting the numerical absorption data to a driven damped harmonic oscillator (HO) model revealed that the AFM tip modifies both the driving force (F0), consisting of the free carrier charge and the driving field, and the overall damping of the oscillator beta. An increased F0 or a decreased beta will result in an increased Cabs and vice versa. Moreover, these effects of F0 and beta can be complementary or competing, and they combine to either enhance or suppress absorption. Hence, a significantly higher beta with a small increment in F0 will result in an absorption suppression. Therefore, under a Si tip, Cabs of a AuNP is enhanced while Cabs of a AgNP is suppressed. In contrast, a Au tip suppresses the Cabs for both Au and Ag NPs. As an extension of this absorption model, further investigation of the guided mode and a close by nanostructure is proposed, where the scattered wave off the structure attenuates the guided mode with destructive interference.

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21

Guduru, Rakesh. "Bionano Electronics: Magneto-Electric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery, Brain Stimulation and Imaging Applications." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/979.

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Nanoparticles are often considered as efficient drug delivery vehicles for precisely dispensing the therapeutic payloads specifically to the diseased sites in the patient’s body, thereby minimizing the toxic side effects of the payloads on the healthy tissue. However, the fundamental physics that underlies the nanoparticles’ intrinsic interaction with the surrounding cells is inadequately elucidated. The ability of the nanoparticles to precisely control the release of its payloads externally (on-demand) without depending on the physiological conditions of the target sites has the potential to enable patient- and disease-specific nanomedicine, also known as Personalized NanoMedicine (PNM). In this dissertation, magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) were utilized for the first time to enable important functions, such as (i) field-controlled high-efficacy dissipation-free targeted drug delivery system and on-demand release at the sub-cellular level, (ii) non-invasive energy-efficient stimulation of deep brain tissue at body temperature, and (iii) a high-sensitivity contrasting agent to map the neuronal activity in the brain non-invasively. First, this dissertation specifically focuses on using MENs as energy-efficient and dissipation-free field-controlled nano-vehicle for targeted delivery and on-demand release of a anti-cancer Paclitaxel (Taxol) drug and a anti-HIV AZT 5’-triphosphate (AZTTP) drug from 30-nm MENs (CoFe2O4-BaTiO3) by applying low-energy DC and low-frequency (below 1000 Hz) AC fields to separate the functions of delivery and release, respectively. Second, this dissertation focuses on the use of MENs to non-invasively stimulate the deep brain neuronal activity via application of a low energy and low frequency external magnetic field to activate intrinsic electric dipoles at the cellular level through numerical simulations. Third, this dissertation describes the use of MENs to track the neuronal activities in the brain (non-invasively) using a magnetic resonance and a magnetic nanoparticle imaging by monitoring the changes in the magnetization of the MENs surrounding the neuronal tissue under different states. The potential therapeutic and diagnostic impact of this innovative and novel study is highly significant not only in HIV-AIDS, Cancer, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease but also in many CNS and other diseases, where the ability to remotely control targeted drug delivery/release, and diagnostics is the key.

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22

Bineli, Aulus Roberto Romão 1981. "Projeto, fabricação e teste de um microrreator catalítico para produção de hidrogênio a partir da reforma a vapor do etanol = Design, fabrication and testing of a catalytic microreactor for hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266623.

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Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, André Luiz Jardini Munhoz
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T16:44:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bineli_AulusRobertoRomao_D.pdf: 8294042 bytes, checksum: a3a2a14af42175c483a90d29b0102664 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Atualmente, o conceito de sustentabilidade vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço e com ele os desafios de melhorar cada vez mais os processos industriais. Assim, tanto as engenharias quanto as ciências de base têm se dedicado à integração do conhecimento para projetar e implementar soluções inovadoras e ambientalmente equilibradas. Neste contexto, o uso dos microrreatores surge como uma opção atraente e com potencial para atender às diversas e crescentes exigências ambientais e econômicas. Portanto, o principal objetivo desta tese foi projetar fabricar e testar um microrreator catalítico para produção de hidrogênio a partir da reforma a vapor do etanol. Para o cumprimento deste objetivo, quatro etapas principais foram desenvolvidas. A primeira delas foi à realização de estudos fluidodinâmicos do microrreator para a escolha da geometria mais favorável à distribuição do fluxo entre os microcanais. Nesta etapa foi possível quantificar o fluxo do gás nos microcanais e escolher a geometria com o menor valor no desvio padrão relativo. Na segunda etapa, a tecnologia de manufatura aditiva de sinterização direta em metal a laser (DMLS) foi avaliada para a fabricação dos componentes do microrreator mostrando um grande potencial, principalmente por oferecer condições para produção de superfícies porosas. Apesar disso, as peças assim obtidas apresentaram distorções notáveis devido à alta energia do laser, sendo necessários mais estudos dos parâmetros de fabricação a fim de se obter peças com boa qualidade. Por essa razão e para garantir uma boa integração entre os componentes, a estrutura de compartimento do microrreator e as placas de microcanais foram obtidas por métodos convencionais de usinagem e corrosão química. Na terceira etapa, um método de otimização multicritério foi descrito para se investigar e sugerir uma faixa de parâmetros operacionais do microrreator como temperatura, fração de massa de etanol e fluxo volumétrico de alimentação. Nesta fase, entre os três modelos cinéticos selecionados, apenas um foi considerado o mais confiável para se estender o estudo de otimização e assim sugerir uma faixa de operação do microrreator. Na etapa final, testes experimentais da reação de reforma a vapor do etanol foram conduzidos sob duas diferentes composições de catalisadores, Ni/Al2O3 e Ni/CeO2, com o objetivo de se conhecer as principais reações. Os resultados mostraram que a desidratação e decomposição do etanol foram predominantes em ambos catalisadores, porém foi observada a supressão da desidratação em temperatura de 500 e 600ºC. Entre os catalisadores estudados o Ni/CeO2 foi o mais seletivo e promissor, pois foi capaz não somente de suprimir as reações indesejadas, como a formação de coque, mas por fornecer alta produtividade e rendimento comparado com o Ni/Al2O3. Além disso, ficou demonstrado que o projeto do microrreator proposto foi capaz de produzir hidrogênio com rendimentos significativos, próximo a 100% em altos tempos de residência, sendo, portanto, uma boa opção a ser considerada tanto para aplicações em pequena quanto em grande escala
Abstract: Currently, the concept of sustainability is gaining more prominence and with it the challenges to improve industrial processes. Thus, both engineering as the basic sciences has been devoted to integrate knowledge to design and implement innovative and environmentally balanced solutions. In this context, the use of microreactors emerges as an attractive option and with potential to meet various environmental and economic requirements. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to design, fabricate and test a catalytic microreactor for hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming. To achieve this objective, four main steps were developed. Firstly, studies of the fluid dynamic behavior of microreactor were conducted for choosing the most favorable geometry to flow distribution among microchannels. At this point it was possible to quantify the internal gas flow in the microchannels and to select the geometry with the lowest value in the relative standard deviation. In the second step, the additive manufacturing technology of Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) was evaluated to fabricate the microreactor components. This technology showed a great potential, especially to provide conditions to produce pieces with porous surfaces. Nevertheless, the pieces obtained by this process showed remarkable distortions due to the high laser energy, necessitating further study about fabrication parameters in order to improve the quality of the parts. For that reason and also to ensure good integration among the components, the housing structure and microchannel plates were obtained by conventional methods of milling cutter and wet chemical etching, respectively. In the third step, a multicriteria optimization method was described to investigate and suggest a range of operating parameters such as temperature, ethanol mass fraction and volumetric flow. Among the three kinetic models selected, only one was considered the most reliable to extend the study of optimization and thus to suggest a range of operation conditions of the microreactor. In the final step, experimental tests of ethanol steam reforming were conducted under two different compositions of catalysts, Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2, with the aim of knowing the main reactions. The results showed that the ethanol dehydration and decomposition were predominant in both catalysts, but the suppression of the dehydration in the temperatures of 500 to 600°C was observed. Also, among the catalysts studied, the Ni/CeO2 was the most promising not only because it was able to suppress the undesired reactions, but also to provide a high productivity and yield compared to the Ni/Al2O3. Furthermore, it was shown that the design of microreactor was able to produce hydrogen with significant yields, close to 100% at high residence times, and is therefore a good option to be considered in applications ranging from small to large scales
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química

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23

Tonry, Catherine Elizabeth Henzell. "Computational electrohydrodynamics for fabricating polymer microstructures." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/18149/.

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The aim of the work presented in this thesis is the development of two computational models of two processes that can be used to shape molten polymers on a micro-scale, namely Electrohydrodynamic Induced Patterning (EHDIP) and Electric Field Assisted Capillarity (EFAC). These related processes both use the dielectric forces at the interface between a polymer and another dielectric such as air. When the molten polymers are placed in a shaped electric ﬁeld the imbalance in these dielectric forces causes the polymer to ﬂow in a controlled way creating shapes in the polymer melt, this is the basis for the EHDIP process. The shaped electric ﬁeld is controlled by the morphology of the top mask which acts as an electrode. This process is further extended by introducing a heavily wetted surface on the top mask which results in capillary forces that cause the polymer melt to coat the top mask creating a fully enclosed shape. This process can be used to create enclosed micro-channels or micro-capsules. Thus results and discussion presented herein highlight several possible application routes for industrial manufacturing. The process is discussed here for microstructures of 1 µm to 200 µm in size. The range at which the processes work is not fully understood, however the EHDIP process has been shown to work at a nanoscale producing structures around 100 nm in size. From a comprehensive literature review, the underlying theory and mechanisms of this process were identiﬁed and the governing equations derived. Computational models were developed based on the underlying physics. These models were initially developed in PHYSICA version 3g and later they were implemented into COMSOL Multiphysics as the latter proved to be more stable. The results from the computational models were compared to the limited experimental data available. The results from the computational models show that the mask shape was found to have the largest eﬀect on the ﬁnal structure of the shaped poly-mer. Due to capillary forces the shape of the microstructure at the top mask mimics the shape of the mask. In the lower section of the enclosed microstructure there is a force balance between surface tension, dielectric forces and internal pressure, giving a rounded morphology. Furthermore, by wetting the lower mask, ﬂat bottomed structures can be produced. By both shaping and wetting the lower mask the shape of the microstructure can be even further modiﬁed. However, sharp cornered masks are unsuitable for this process. The eﬀects of other key parameters such as air gap, contact angle, polymer permittivity and applied voltage were investigated through a sensitivity analysis. Changing the permittivity is shown to have an eﬀect on the ﬁnal microstructure. The change is small; however the permittivity does aﬀect the speed of the process. The contact angle between the top mask and the polymer modiﬁes the thickness of the polymer at the top of the structures. Increasing the contact angle causes a decrease in polymer thickness due to a reduction in the capillary force. The depth of the structures can be altered by changing the air gap; hence a larger air gap gives a deeper structure. The initial polymer thickness has no eﬀect on the top of the structure but determines the thickness, shape and curvature of the lower part of the structure. The applied voltage controls the electrostatic forces and hence the speed of the process. For a low voltage the electrostatic forces are not strong enough to initiate the process and an enclosed microstructure does not form. If the voltage is too high, the structure forms quickly and bubbles can be entrapped at the top mask. With the correct mask shapes the processes can produce a wide variety of microstructures. These would have a wide range of applications either in the communications sector as ﬁbre-optical wave-uides or in the biomedical sector as microstructures used in BioMEMS. Further development of the process is required to ensure that the process can be controlled. The models presented here are initial investigations of this but further experimental work is required along with the expansion of the model into three-dimensions.

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24

Cabrera, Pablo Marcelo. "Robotic Fabrication Workflows for Environmentally Driven Facades." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92001.

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Even though computer simulation of environmental factors and manufacturing technologies have experienced a fast development, architectural workflows that can take advantage of the possibilities created by these developments have been left behind and architectural design processes have not evolved at the same rate. This research presents design to fabrication workflows that explore data driven design to improve performance of facades, implementing for this purpose computational tools to handle environmental data complexity and proposes robotic fabrication technologies to facilitate façade components fabrication. During this research three design experiments were conducted that tested variations on the design to fabrication workflow, approaching the flow of information in top-down and bottom-up processes. Independent variables such as material, environmental conditions and structural behavior, are the framework in which workflow instances are generated based on dependent variables such as geometry, orientation and assembly logic. This research demonstrates the feasibility of a robotic based fabrication method informed by a multi-variable computational framework plus a simulation evaluator integrated into a design to fabrication workflow and put forward the discussion of a fully automated scenario.
Master of Science

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25

Mehdi, Aghaei Sadegh. "Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Two-dimensional Nanomaterials beyond Graphene and Their Gas Sensing Applications: Silicene, Germanene, and Boron Carbide." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3389.

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The popularity of graphene owing to its unique properties has triggered huge interest in other two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Among them, silicene shows considerable promise for electronic devices due to the expected compatibility with silicon electronics. However, the high-end potential application of silicene in electronic devices is limited owing to the lack of an energy band gap. Hence, the principal objective of this research is to tune the electronic and magnetic properties of silicene related nanomaterials through first-principles models. I first explored the impact of edge functionalization and doping on the stabilities, electronic, and magnetic properties of silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs) and revealed that the modified structures indicate remarkable spin gapless semiconductor and half-metal behaviors. In order to open and tune a band gap in silicene, SiNRs were perforated with periodic nanoholes. It was found that the band gap varies based on the nanoribbon’s width, nanohole’s repeat periodicity, and nanohole’s position due to the quantum confinement effect. To continue to take advantage of quantum confinement, I also studied the electronic and magnetic properties of hydrogenated silicene nanoflakes (SiNFs). It was discovered that half-hydrogenated SiNFs produce a large spin moment that is directly proportional to the square of the flake’s size. Next, I studied the adsorption behavior of various gas molecules on SiNRs. Based on my results, the SiNR could serve as a highly sensitive gas sensor for CO and NH3 detection and a disposable gas sensor for NO, NO2, and SO2. I also considered adsorption behavior of toxic gas molecules on boron carbide (BC3) and found that unlike graphene, BC3 has good sensitivity to the gas molecules due to the presence of active B atoms. My findings divulged the promising potential of BC3 as a highly sensitive molecular sensor for NO and NH3 detection and a catalyst for NO2 dissociation. Finally, I scrutinized the interactions of CO2 with lithium-functionalized germanene. It was discovered that although a single CO2 molecule was weakly physisorbed on pristine germanene, a significant improvement on its adsorption energy was found by utilizing Li-functionalized germanene as the adsorbent. My results suggest that Li-functionalized germanene shows promise for CO2 capture.

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26

Zhang, Ziyang. "Silicon-based Photonic Devices : Design, Fabrication and Characterization." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Mikroelektronik och tillämpad fysik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4647.

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27

Azam, Md Ali. "Energy Efficient Spintronic Device for Neuromorphic Computation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6036.

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Future computing will require significant development in new computing device paradigms. This is motivated by CMOS devices reaching their technological limits, the need for non-Von Neumann architectures as well as the energy constraints of wearable technologies and embedded processors. The first device proposal, an energy-efficient voltage-controlled domain wall device for implementing an artificial neuron and synapse is analyzed using micromagnetic modeling. By controlling the domain wall motion utilizing spin transfer or spin orbit torques in association with voltage generated strain control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), different positions of the domain wall are realized in the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction to program different synaptic weights. Additionally, an artificial neuron can be realized by combining this DW device with a CMOS buffer. The second neuromorphic device proposal is inspired by the brain. Membrane potential of many neurons oscillate in a subthreshold damped fashion and fire when excited by an input frequency that nearly equals their Eigen frequency. We investigate theoretical implementation of such “resonate-and-fire” neurons by utilizing the magnetization dynamics of a fixed magnetic skyrmion based free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy or voltage generated strain results in expansion and shrinking of a skyrmion core that mimics the subthreshold oscillation. Finally, we show that such resonate and fire neurons have potential application in coupled nanomagnetic oscillator based associative memory arrays.

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28

Alexander, Walter James Cunningham. "The application of parallel computation to process simulation for the structured design of IC fabrication processes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14576.

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The ability of semiconductor process simulation to analyse the physical effects of individual fabrication steps and their interaction within an entire process has gained increasing recognition within the industry. Simulation has been applied to the synthesis of nominal operating points and has offered substantial reductions in both time and expenditure when compared to experimental runs for this role. Semiconductor companies are also realising that both performance and manufacturability must be designed into new technologies from their inception. This concept of Design for Manufacturability (DFM) can be implemented by linking process simulation with statistically based experimental design and analysis tools. However, neither the software framework nor the underlying computational resource currently exist to provide the level of system integration required to support DFM within a commercial environment. The Thesis first introduces a method for enhancing the performance of process simulation software by utilising the power of parallel computing offered by the INMOS transputer. A parallel implementation of the one-dimensional simulator SUPREM-II has been developed which demonstrates the computational performance that is economically attainable and readily scalable using this technology. The system has then been extended to provide a fully functional DFM environment by automatically integrating the parallel process simulation capability with the experimental design and analysis software, RS/1. A review of parallel computing systems, semiconductor fabrication control, process simulation and experimental design/analysis is also provided to complement the presentation of the original contributions outlined above.

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29

Biswas, Ayan K. "Hybrid straintronics-spintronics: Energy-efficient non-volatile devices for Boolean and non-Boolean computation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4263.

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Research in future generation computing is focused on reducing energy dissipation while maintaining the switching speed in a binary operation to continue the current trend of increasing transistor-density according to Moore’s law. Unlike charge-based CMOS technology, spin-based nanomagnetic technology, based on switching bistable magnetization of single domain shape-anisotropic nanomagnets, has the potential to achieve ultralow energy dissipation due to the fact that no charge motion is directly involved in switching. However, switching of magnetization has not been any less dissipative than switching transistors because most magnet switching schemes involve generating a current to produce a magnetic field, or spin transfer torque or domain wall motion to switch magnetization. Current-induced switching invariably dissipates an exorbitant amount of energy in the switching circuit that nullifies any energy advantage that a magnet may have over a transistor. Magnetoelastic switching (switching the magnetization of a magnetostrictive magnet with voltage generated stress) is an unusual switching paradigm where the dissipation turns out to be merely few hundred kT per switching event – several orders of magnitude less than that encountered in current-based switching. A fundamental obstacle, though, is to deterministically switch the magnetization of a nanomagnet between two stable states that are mutually anti-parallel with stress alone. In this work, I have investigated ways to mitigate this problem. One popular approach to flip the magnetizations of a nanomagnet is to pass a spin polarized current through it that transfers spin angular moment from the current to the electrons in the magnet, thereby switching their spins and ultimately the magnet’s magnetization. This approach – known as spin transfer torque (STT) – is very dissipative because of the enormous current densities needed to switch magnets, We, therefore, devised a mixed mode technique to switch magnetization with a combination of STT and stress to gain both energy efficiency from stress and deterministic 180o switching from STT. This approach reduces the total energy dissipation by roughly one order of magnitude. We then extended this idea to find a way to deterministically flip magnetization with stress alone. Sequentially applying stresses along two skewed axes, a complete 180o switching can be achieved. These results have been verified with stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulation in the presence of thermal noise. The 180o switching makes it possible to develop a genre of magneto-elastic memory where bits are written entirely with voltage generated stress with no current flow. They are extremely energy-efficient. In addition to memory devices, a universal NAND logic device has been proposed which satisfies all the essential characteristics of a Boolean logic gate. It is non-volatile unlike transistor based logic gates in the sense that that gate can process binary inputs and store the output (result) in the magnetization states of magnets, thereby doubling as both logic and memory. Such dual role elements can spawn non-traditional non-von-Neumann architectures without the processor and memory partition that reduces energy efficiency and introduces additional errors. A bit comparator is also designed, which happens to be all straintronic, yet reconfigurable. Moreover, a straintronic spin neuron is designed for neural computing architecture that dissipates orders of magnitude less energy than its CMOS based counterparts. Finally, an experiment has been performed to demonstrate a complete 180o switching of magnetization in a shape anisotropic magnetostrictive Co nanomagnet using voltage generated stress. The device is synthesized with nano-fabrication techniques namely electron beam lithography, electron beam evaporation, and lift off. The experimental results vindicate our proposal of applying sequential stress along two skewed axes to reverse magnetization with stress and therefore, provide a firm footing to magneto-elastic memory technology.

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Trouvain, Guillaume. "Evolution des outils de simulation rapide du procédé de fabrication du pneumatique avant cuisson." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22546/document.

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Ces travaux de thèse s’intéressent aux outils de simulation rapide de la fabrication d’un pneumatique. L'objectif est de prédire le mouvement et la position des éléments constitutifs du pneumatique, lors de leur mise en conformation, en prenant en compte les déformations induites par les actions mécaniques associées. Ces travaux s’appuient sur la mise en place d’un algorithme visant à modéliser le gonflement d’un outillage et la mise en place d’un modèle de déformation d’un système de formes géométriques aux caractéristiques mécaniques différentes. L'algorithme de gonflement de l’outillage se base sur la théorie des membranes inextensibles et son industrialisation est validée pour des dimensions standards de pneumatiques. La méthode Masse-Ressort est retenue pour réaliser la déformation de formes géométriques afin d’obtenir des résultats de déformation en temps réel. Dans ces travaux, cette méthode est adaptée aux matériaux d’un pneumatique à partir de travaux de caractérisations géométrique et mécanique validés par comparaison aux Éléments Finis. En conclusion, la modélisation développée permet une description à chaque étape du procédé de fabrication
This thesis deals with fast simulation tools used to manufacture of a tire. The goal is to predict the displacement and position of the components of a tire taking into account the deformations induced by the associated mechanical actions. This work is based on the implementation of an algorithm for modeling the inflation of a tool and the development of a deformation model in order to compute the deformation of geometric shapes taking into account different mechanical properties. The algorithm to model the inflation of the tool is based on the theory of inextensible membranes and its industrialization is validated for standard sizes of tires. Mass-Spring method is used to achieve the deformation of geometric shapes in order to compute deformation in real time. In this work, this method is suitable for materials of a tire from geometric and mechanical characterizations validated by comparison with FEM. To conclude, the developed modelization allows a description for each step of the manufacturing process

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Baharlou, Ehsan [Verfasser], and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Menges. "Generative agent-based architectural design computation : behavioral strategies for integrating material, fabrication and construction characteristics in design processes / Ehsan Baharlou ; Betreuer: Achim Menges." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156604052/34.

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Clair, Guillaume. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale de plasmas produits par laser en vue de leur application a l'analyse chimique des matériaux en environnement complexe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22019/document.

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Ce travail présente une étude originale de l'interaction laser-matière en régime nanoseconde à l'aide d'une double approche expériences-modélisation numérique. L'approche expérimentale vise à caractériser les plasmas produits par laser et l'empreinte laissée par le faisceau laser sur la cible. L'approche numérique s'appuie sur un modèle 1D qui permet de décrire le chauffage de la cible par le laser, l'ablation de matière et la formation d'un plasma dans cette matière ablatée dûe à l'interaction avec le laser. Des comparaisons des résultats obtenus par les deux approches permettent d'évaluer le degré de précision des résultats issus du modèle. Ces comparaisons se limitent aux 100 premières nanosecondes d'expansion du plasma. Nous montrons ainsi que le modèle décrit assez bien l'écrantage du faisceau laser par le plasma, l'expansion du plasma et la propagation de l'onde de choc dans le gaz ambiant. De plus, les valeurs des seuils d'ablation et de formation du plasma sont calculées avec une bonne précision. En revanche, des écarts sont constatés pour la modélisation des processus d'interaction entre le laser et la cible. Le degré de précision du modèle est au final suffisamment bon pour nous permettre d'étudier précisément l'effet du gaz ambiant sur les propriétés et la dynamique du plasma
This work provides an original study about laser-matter interaction in the nanosecond regime, based on a coupling between the experiments and the modelling. The experimental study provides a description of the dynamics of the laser produced plasmas. The modelling, based on a 1D numerical scheme, is aimed to describe the heating of the target by the laser pulse, the process of matter ablation and the formation of a plasma in this ablated material due to the interaction with the laser. The comparisons between both experimental and numerical results give the order of accuracy of the results obtained by modelling. These comparisons are limited to the first hundred nanoseconds of plasma expansion. We show that the plasma shielding, the plasma expansion and the propagation of the shockwave are well modelled. Furthermore, the values of both ablation and plasma formation threshold are accurately computed. However, many differences are observed in the results concerning the laser-target interaction process. Finally, the degree of accuracy of the model is sufficiently high to study precisely the background gas effet on both plasma dynamics and properties

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Yen, Pei-wen, and 顏培文. "Computational Simulation and Fabrication Technique of Aircraft Wing Rib by Resin Transfer Molding." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76644341822088042469.

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碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程所
95
In this paper, the carbon fiber composites aircraft rib was fabricated with computational simulation by VARTM. The first step was to find the permeability of perform formed with different number of layers, and observed how the resin flow in the perform. The simulation result between two different setting of resin input gate were compared. The outcome of the simulation could provide the suggestions that about mold designing and VARTM process. It is shown that no matter the outward appearance or the mechanical properties was satisfied. In this process, time could be saved much more than traditional method (try and error). The testing result present that the short beam shear strength was more than 34.48 MPa, the Tg is above 180 ℃, and the average Vf is 50％.

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Putri, Athika Darumas. "Fabrication of graphene based aptasensors for early detection of prostate cancer by experimental and computational techniques." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2640.

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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree in Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, 2017.
High prevalence and mortality cases of prostate cancer (PCa) have increased around the world, particularly in developing countries. Several forthcoming factors have been revealed nowadays, one of them is due to the incapability of the diagnostic methods to produce reliable results, which impacts negatively on cancer-treatment. However, a sensitive diagnosis of PCa cells remains a challenge in the field of biosensors. Emerging whole-cell detection as biosensing targets has opened up avenues for successful cancer diagnostics, due to high selectivity among other cells. A switchable and flexible surface-based graphene material is one of the techniques that revolutionized smart biodevice platforms in biosensor technology. In this present study, a covalently linked poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to graphene oxide surface has been employed as “on/off”-switchable aptamer-based sensor for the detection of PC3 whole-cancer cell. The constructed surface has benefitted from PNIPAM, as the thermal-stimulus agent, which allows the coil-to-globule transitions by triggering temperature changes. When the system is above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32oC, PNIPAM will exist as hydrophobic -globular state providing an “on” binding region for the whole-cell, reaching the interactions on the biosurface. The “off” binding systems is only possibly when the PNIPAM turns into extended-state by lowering its temperature below LCST. The first principle studies have successfully characterized the electronic behavior with particular emphasis of PNIPAM monomer functions along with the description of the structural energetics of complex through density functional theory (DFT). Docking studies have further been performed to predict a plausible binding aptamer toward the protein-representative PCa cell. To better understand the prospect of an aptamer-based tunable biosensor, molecular dynamics (MD) highlighted the behavior of PNIPAM-grafted GO in exhibiting a globular and extended conformations at above and below LCST, permitting the biomolecules to interact with each other as well as to avoid interactions, respectively. Experimental studies have been included to validate the theoretical predictions by fabricating real-biosensor systems using electrochemical impedance technique, resulting a low-detection limit down to 14 cells/mL. Engagement between theoretical and experimental studies delivered an enhanced tunable-biosensor performance for the detection of whole cell prostate cancer.
M

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Agrawal, Alankar. "Computational and mathematical analysis of dynamics of fused deposition modelling based rapid prototyping technique for scaffold fabrication." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5763/1/212BM1348-6.pdf.

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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) based rapid prototying technique, is basically used to fabricate three dimensional (3D) objects. Recently, the technique has been considered as the most promising for fabrication of 3D scaffold from polymeric materials for biomedical application including tissue engineering. It is further reported that the scaffold designed from FDM by layer by layer deposition process does not mimic geometry as designed in the computer aided design (CAD) software. In this context, the adjustment of instrument parameters such as extruder nozzle diameter, nozzle angle and liquefier length is of paramount importance to achieve improved extruded melt flow behaviour and scaffold design. Therefore, this main focus of this thesis work is to analyse the flow behaviour of PCL scaffold material using computational and mathematical tools by varying extruded nozzle diameter, nozzle angle and nozzle length of the existing FDM machine. This analysis shows that the reduction in nozzle diameter and nozzle angle, results in higher pressure drops that leading to fine geometry of the scaffold. The proposed designed suggests that the nozzle diameter can be decreased from 0.5mm to 0.2mm with a nozzle angle of 120 degrees, that will increase the pressure at the nozzle tip and decrease extruded melt diameter that contributes better resolution during scaffold fabrication.

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(8817533), Hadi Shagerdi Esmaeeli. "MULTISCALE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE DEVELOPMENT IN CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES." Thesis, 2020.

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The exceptional long-term performance of concrete is a primary reason that this material represents a significant portion of the construction industry. However, a portion of this construction material is prone to premature deterioration for multi-physical durability issues such as internal frost damage, restrained shrinkage damage, and aggregate susceptibility to fracture. Since each durability issue is associated with a unique damage mechanism, this study aims at investigating the underlying physical mechanisms individually by characterizing the mechanical and thermal properties development and indicating how each unique damage mechanism may compromise the properties development over the design life of the material.

The first contribution of this work is on the characterization of thermal behavior of porous media (e.g., cement-based material) with a complex solid-fluid coupling subject to thermal cycling. By combining Young-Kelvin-Laplace equation with a computational heat transfer approach, we can calculate the contributions of (i) pore pressure development associated with solidification and melting of pore fluid, (ii) pore size distribution, and (iii) equilibrium phase diagram of multiple phase change materials, to the thermal response of porous mortar and concrete during freezing/thawing cycles. Our first finding indicates that the impact of pore size (and curvature) on freezing is relatively insignificant, while the effect of pore size is much more significant during melting. The fluid inside pores smaller than 5 nm (i.e., gel pores) has a relatively small contribution in the macroscopic freeze-thaw behavior of mortar specimens within the temperature range used in this study (i.e., +24 °C to -35 °C). Our second finding shows that porous cementitious composites containing lightweight aggregates (LWAs) impregnated with an organic phase change material (PCM) as thermal energy storage (TES) agents have the significant capability of improving the freeze-thaw performance. We also find that the phase transitions associated with the freezing/melting of PCM occur gradually over a narrow temperature range (rather than an instantaneous event). The pore size effect of LWA on freezing and melting behavior of PCM is found to be relatively small. Through validation of simulation results with lab-scale experimental data, we then employ the model to investigate the effectiveness of PCMs with various transition temperatures on reducing the impact of freeze-thaw cycling within concrete pavements located in different regions of United States.

The second contribution of this work is on quantification of mechanical properties development of cementitious composites across multiple length scales, and two damage mechanisms associated with aggregate fracture and restrained shrinkage cracking that lead to compromising the long-term durability of the material. The former issue is addressed by combining finite element method-based numerical tools, computational homogenization techniques, and analytical methods, where we observe a competing fracture mechanism for early- age cracking at two length scales of mortar (meso-level) and concrete (macro-level). When the tensile strength of the cement paste is lower than the tensile strength of the aggregate phase, the crack propagates across the paste. When the tensile strength of the cement paste exceeds that of the aggregate, the cracks begin to deflect and propagate through the aggregates. As such, a critical degree of hydration (associated with a particular time) exists below which the cement paste phase is weaker than the aggregate phase at the onset of hydration. This has implications on the inference of kinetic based parameters from mechanical testing (e.g., activation energy). Next, we focus on digital fabrication of a cement paste structure with controlled architecture to allow for mitigating the intrinsic damage induced by inherent shrinkage behavior followed by extrinsic damage exerted by external loading. Our findings show that the interfaces between the printed filaments tend to behave as the first layer of protection by enabling the structure to accommodate the damage by deflecting the microcrack propagation into the stable configuration of interfaces fabricated between the filaments of first and second layers. This fracture behavior promotes the damage localization within the first layer (i.e., sacrificial layer), without sacrificing the overall strength of specimen by inhibiting the microcrack advancement into the neighboring layers, promoting a novel damage localization mechanism. This study is undertaken to characterize the shrinkage-induced internal damage in 7-day 3D-printed and cast specimens qualitatively using X-ray microtomography (μCT) technique in conjunction with multiple mechanical testing, and finite element numerical modeling. As the final step, the second layer of protection is introduced by offering an enhanced damage resistance property through employing bioinspired Bouligand architectures, promoting a damage delocalization mechanism throughout the specimen. This novel integration of damage localization-delocalization mechanisms allows the material to enhance its flaw tolerant properties and long-term durability characteristics, where the reduction in the modulus of rupture (MOR) of hardened cement paste (hcp) elements with restrained shrinkage racking has been significantly improved by ~ 25% when compared to their conventionally cast hcp counterparts.

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Bhat, Sachin. "SkyNet: Memristor-based 3D IC for Artificial Neural Networks." 2017. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/552.

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Hardware implementations of artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become feasible due to the advent of persistent 2-terminal devices such as memristor, phase change memory, MTJs, etc. Hybrid memristor crossbar/CMOS systems have been studied extensively and demonstrated experimentally. In these circuits, memristors located at each cross point in a crossbar are, however, stacked on top of CMOS circuits using back end of line processing (BOEL), limiting scaling. Each neuron’s functionality is spread across layers of CMOS and memristor crossbar and thus cannot support the required connectivity to implement large-scale multi-layered ANNs. This work proposes a new fine-grained 3D integrated circuit technology for ANNs that is one of the first IC technologies for this purpose. Synaptic weights implemented with devices are incorporated in a uniform vertical nanowire template co-locating the memory and computation requirements of ANNs within each neuron. Novel 3D routing features are used for interconnections in all three dimensions between the devices enabling high connectivity without the need for special pins or metal vias. To demonstrate the proof of concept of this fabric, classification of binary images using a perceptron-based feed forward neural network is shown. Bottom-up evaluations for the proposed fabric considering 3D implementation of fabric components reveal up to 19x density, 1.2x power benefits when compared to 16nm hybrid memristor/CMOS technology.

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Lee, Ching-Han, and 李京翰. "Topological Computation and Fabrication: Diagrams-Oriented Morphogenesis." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w6a6e7.

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博士
淡江大學
土木工程學系博士班
107
Abstract: 　　The development of morphological form-finding is increasingly well-established under the influence and culture of design computation and digital fabrication derived diverse algorithmic morphology and the New Materialism of seamless information flow. Reposed deep in the complex forms, are the dialectical, methodological and discussion-centered design thinking, morphological inspiration, generating machine, tectonic system and aesthetic style. However, since the new millennium, there has been rare researches on the systematic methodology of digital morphogenesis, therefore, this study attempts to deploy digital workflow to elucidate digital form and digital fabrication, the relationship between digital diagrams and morphogenesis, while on the other hand, exploring different types of topological form-finding, and proposes a design approach of diagram-oriented morphogenesis. This study is divided into four parts: the literature review, theoretical development, design experiment and demonstration of theoretical framework. Firstly, the classification of the literature affecting the digital morphology is divided into three categories: architectural theory, natural morphology and form-finding methods. The main impetus of the theoretical discussion is to perfect the integration of the bespoke workflow with the digital diagram, while the form of natural inspiration is based on the algorithm-based design generation, and the transformation of the form-finding method focuses on deployment of discrete topology. As for theoretical development, the digital diagram is more clearly defined as the Generative Diagram, and its features covering and affecting the process of digital fabrication is meticulously analyzed, while on the other hand the approach defines the morphology-finding framework based on algorithm and topology for designing experiments. Holistically imbuing the above-mentioned literature and theoretical development, this study first analyzes the related algorithms in digital architecture, and experiments with the corresponding autonomous topology-finding methods and classifies them to elicit their typology. Finally, the algorithm of topology-finding in the design experiments is taken as the basic model, and combined with the Generative Diagram of algorithmic, behavior, performance, fabrication, and evolutionary characteristics. Empirical verification of the complex modeling of this study emerges from morphogenesis, simulation, and analysis to construction of Complex Modelling and fabrication processes. By studying the Complex Modelling process generated discrete forms, and the parametric modeling, linear design process refinement method, aggregated patterns are elucidated and proposed to integrate the digital diagram and the topology-finding of the reciprocal structure, for use as the digital morphogenesis design methodology. This study aspires to deploy this discussion to elicit the deep structure of autonomous tectonics, and aims to develop future novel paradigms in the architecture field.

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MALAKUCZI, VIKTOR. "Design computazionale e fabbricazione digitale: un diverso approccio per il design. Definizione di un design tool per la comprensione e lo sviluppo di prodotti personalizzabili." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1097364.

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Oggi la maturazione, democratizzazione e diffusione delle tecnologie di Fabbricazione Digitale contribuiscono a un cambiamento di paradigma del rapporto tra progettazione, produzione e consumo. Intanto il Design Computazionale (o generativo, parametrico) è una pratica emergente che si appoggia sulla libertà morfologica e sulla flessibilità logistica offerta dalla FD. La ricerca formula l’ipotesi che il Product Design possa utilizzare e quindi valorizzare al meglio la FD e il DC sviluppando prodotti personalizzabili da un punto di vista morfologico. Per consolidare questa pratica, si elabora un approccio di concept design focalizzato sulle divergenti esigenze degli utenti, che possono determinare la variabilità del prodotto finale. L’analisi dei casi studio ha portato all’identificazione di sei principi ricorrenti di personalizzazione; per replicare questi vantaggi in modo sistemico, la ricerca offre una metodologia supportata da uno strumento cartaceo ‘canvas’, sperimentato attraverso varie attività didattiche. Questo strumento guida il flusso del pensiero progettuale verso un concept la cui caratteristica distintiva è proprio la personalizzabilità. Si auspica che l’approccio proposto aiuterà i Designer a creare nuove opportunità per il sistema produttivo, coerentemente alle recenti politiche di sviluppo dell’industria 4.0.
Today the maturing, democratization and diffusion of Digital Fabrication technologies, contribute to a paradigm shift in the relation between design, production and consumption. Meanwhile, Computational Design (also called generative or parametric) is an emerging practice that relies on the morphological freedom and logistical flexibility offered by DF. The doctoral research hypothesizes that the Design discipline could use and valorize better DF and CD by developing products that are personalisable from a morphological point of view. In order to consolidate this practice, the research elaborates a concept design approach focused on the divergent user needs, which can determine the variability of the final product. The analysis of the case studies led to the identification of six recurring personalization principles which can characterize the value proposition; the proposed methodology offers a systemic way of replicating these with the support of a new design tool, experimented through various didactic activities. This canvas tool guides the designers’ thinking towards a product concept of which the act of personalization can be an essential element. The proposed approach might help Designers to create new economic opportunities, coherently with the recent development policies supporting Industry 4.0.

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FIGLIOLA, ANGELO. "Post-industrial robotics. Processo computazionale e nuovi metodi produttivi per l’esplorazione di architetture informate nell'era post-digitale." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1004575.

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The concept of performance in architecture is related on his ability to create a dynamic relation with the users, function and with the environment in which architecture is placed. The dynamic relation can be explained through a series of design operations that are able to exploit the potentialities offered by technological innovation of the contemporary era: responsive devices able to respond to external stimuli with mechanical systems or with material properties are possible interpretation of the dynamic relation between architecture and external environment. If the benefits derived from the use of the dynamic systems are well known in contemporary architectural practice, equally obvious are the critical issues as the scalability of the processes, the economic and the formal aspects. Within this scenario, generative design and digital computing play a key role in the efficient exploration of design solutions, as well as for the ability to focus on a single workflow, formal generation, simulation of dynamic phenomena and manufacturing. The theoretical assumptions have been tested through the implementation of a series of informed architectures at the scale 1: 1 where performances inform the computational process and the robotic fabrication process. Process analysis, besides defining the limits and potentials of the design approach, opens the debate on the role of technological experimentation in the post-digital era defined as po.st - industrial robotics.

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