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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Lipiński, W., and A. Steinfeld. "Annular Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 1 (March 8, 2005): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2148970.

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The annular compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a body of revolution consisting of two axisymmetric surfaces produced by rotating a classical two-dimensional CPC around an axis parallel to the CPCs axis. Its ability to further concentrate incoming radiation when used in tandem with a primary solar parabolic concentrator is analyzed by the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique. Potential applications are found in capturing the annular portion of primary concentrated solar radiation and augmenting its power flux intensity.

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2

Ali, Haider, and P. Gandhidasan. "Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic String with Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 3 (2015): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.190.

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3

Khonkar, H. E. I., and A. A. M. Sayigh. "Raytrace for compound parabolic concentrator." Renewable Energy 5, no. 1-4 (August 1994): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90400-6.

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4

Peng, Yanan, Xuedong Liu, Xiaorong Hang, Jing Hou, and Zehui Chang. "Investigation of photothermal performance of compound parabolic concentrator system for soil heating in facility agriculture." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci221003214p.

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Aiming at the large carbon emissions of facility agricultural heating in severe cold regions in winter, a Compound Parabolic Concentrator based soil heating system was presented. The system integrated with novel trough Compound Parabolic Concentrator and was used for soil heating in facility agriculture. Following the structure of the Compound Parabolic Concentrator, TracePro software was selected to trace the light in the Compound Parabolic Concentrator. And the variation trend of the light escape rate of the Compound Parabolic Concentrator with the different incident angles was analyzed. Based on the calculation results, the performance of the solar collector system was investigated, and the impact of circulating air velocity on the photothermal performance of the solar collector system was explored. Research results indicate that when the circulating air velocity is 1.4 m/s and the average ambient temperature is about 28.9 ?, the temperature of the system outlet is up to 90.9?C. And the average instantaneous heat collection, maximum photothermal conversion efficiency, and unit area heat collection of the system are 740.6 W, 27.83 % and 0.8 MJm-2, respectively. This research can effectively promote the efficient integration of the solar collector system in facility agriculture.

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5

Al Imam, Md Forhad Ibne, Rafiqul Alam Beg, and Shamimur Rahman. "Thermal Performance Improvement Study of a Solar Collector with Compound Parabolic Concentrator." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.11.970.

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Анотація:

Heating water with solar energy is easy and effective in both domestic and industrial areas. The initial implementation cost of a solar-water-heating system is high but long term use of it makes it cost effective. For geographical location, Bangladesh is very suitable for using it. In a solar collector system, collector area is an important design factor. To achieve better thermal performance, 0.81m2 solar collector was used in this study. Commonly used flat plate collector takes more space to be installed. In Bangladesh, space on the roofs of houses and industries are limited and so there is a little scope to use flat plate collector system. Compound parabolic collector can solve this problem. Solar collector with compound parabolic collector needs less space than flat plate collector with reflector. When compound parabolic concentrator was attached with the solar collector, thermal performance improves. Compare with other alternatives that improve thermal efficiency, compound parabolic concentrator shows better thermal performance. Compare thermal efficiency of the consecutive three months. In this system, when water flow rate increase, outlet water temperature decrease but thermal efficiency increases. It is also observed that when solar intensity increases, thermal efficiency also increases likewise when solar intensity decreases, thermal efficiency also decreases. In this research, outputs of different similar researches are compared to show the effectiveness of the compound parabolic concentrator based solar collector. The compound parabolic concentrator reflects more solar radiation, eventually directs it to the collector and increased the difference between the inlet and outlet water temperature.

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6

Al Imam, Md Forhad Ibne, Rafiqul Alam Beg, and Shamimur Rahman. "Thermal Performance Improvement Study of a Solar Collector with Compound Parabolic Concentrator." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.11.970.

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Анотація:

Heating water with solar energy is easy and effective in both domestic and industrial areas. The initial implementation cost of a solar-water-heating system is high but long term use of it makes it cost effective. For geographical location, Bangladesh is very suitable for using it. In a solar collector system, collector area is an important design factor. To achieve better thermal performance, 0.81m2 solar collector was used in this study. Commonly used flat plate collector takes more space to be installed. In Bangladesh, space on the roofs of houses and industries are limited and so there is a little scope to use flat plate collector system. Compound parabolic collector can solve this problem. Solar collector with compound parabolic collector needs less space than flat plate collector with reflector. When compound parabolic concentrator was attached with the solar collector, thermal performance improves. Compare with other alternatives that improve thermal efficiency, compound parabolic concentrator shows better thermal performance. Compare thermal efficiency of the consecutive three months. In this system, when water flow rate increase, outlet water temperature decrease but thermal efficiency increases. It is also observed that when solar intensity increases, thermal efficiency also increases likewise when solar intensity decreases, thermal efficiency also decreases. In this research, outputs of different similar researches are compared to show the effectiveness of the compound parabolic concentrator based solar collector. The compound parabolic concentrator reflects more solar radiation, eventually directs it to the collector and increased the difference between the inlet and outlet water temperature.

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7

Eldakamawy, M. H., A. Hanafi, and M. A. Kassem. "Effect of Using Twisted Tape Inserts on Performance of Compound Parabolic Concentrators." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 1 (2015): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2016.v4.246.

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8

Ullah, Fahim, Mansoor K. Khattak, and Kang Min. "Experimental investigation of the comparison of compound parabolic concentrator and ordinary heat pipe-type solar concentrator." Energy & Environment 29, no. 5 (February 21, 2018): 770–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18759791.

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Анотація:

In this research study, we have compared between the two different concentrators with the flat absorber plate receiver of the compound parabolic concentrator heat pipe solar concentrator and ordinary heat pipe flat plate solar concentrator. For the reproduction of solar radiation in the experiment, iodine tungsten lamp was used. Thermal performance comparison of the two types of solar concentrator under different simulating radiation intensity conditions was carried out with including the fluid temperature, instantaneous efficiency, average efficiency, and average heat loss coefficient. The results of the experiment indicate that the compound parabolic concentrator heat pipe-type solar concentrator not only increased the fluid temperature and instantaneous efficiency but also decreased the average heat loss coefficient as compared with the ordinary heat pipe flat plate solar concentrator. It was noticed from the experimental results that the efficiency of compound parabolic heat pipe solar concentrator was higher than ordinary heat pipe solar concentrator up to 6 and 10°C with the light intensity, that is I = 679 W/m2 and I = 892 W/m2, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that the using of compound parabolic heat pipe solar concentrator increased the thermal performance of solar concentrator.

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9

Widyolar, Bennett, Lun Jiang, and Roland Winston. "Thermodynamics and the segmented compound parabolic concentrator." Journal of Photonics for Energy 7, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 028002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jpe.7.028002.

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10

Almonacid, G., and A. Luque. "Truncation effects in bifacial compound parabolic concentrators." Solar Cells 22, no. 1 (September 1987): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(87)90069-x.

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11

Terentyev, Sergey, Maxim Polikarpov, Irina Snigireva, Marco Di Michiel, Sergey Zholudev, Vyacheslav Yunkin, Sergey Kuznetsov, Vladimir Blank, and Anatoly Snigirev. "Linear parabolic single-crystal diamond refractive lenses for synchrotron X-ray sources." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516017331.

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Linear parabolic diamond refractive lenses are presented, designed to withstand high thermal and radiation loads coming from upgraded accelerator X-ray sources. Lenses were manufactured by picosecond laser treatment of a high-quality single-crystal synthetic diamond. Twelve lenses with radius of curvature at parabola apex R = 200 µm, geometrical aperture A = 900 µm and length L = 1.5 mm were stacked as a compound refractive lens and tested at the ESRF ID06 beamline. A focal spot of size 2.2 µm and a gain of 20 were measured at 8 keV. The lens profile and surface quality were estimated by grating interferometry and X-ray radiography. In addition, the influence of X-ray glitches on the focusing properties of the compound refractive lens were studied.

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12

Zhang, X. J., and Yan Niu. "Oxidation of Four NiAl-Ag Alloys at 900°C in 1 Atm O₂." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.775.

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Small amounts of silver have been added to the intermetallic compound β-NiAl for the purpose of improving its mechanical properties. Four ternary NiAl-Ag alloys NiAl-0.5Ag, NiAl-1Ag, NiAl-5Ag and NiAl-10Ag (at.%), and an Ag-free β-NiAl have been oxidized at 900oC for 24 h in 1 atm O2 to study the effect of the presence of silver on the oxidation of β-NiAl. The kinetics of all the alloys were generally composed of two main parabolic stages with slightly larger parabolic rate constants for the second stage, except for NiAl-10Ag, which has an instantaneous parabolic rate constant decreasing with time. A continuous external layer of Al2O3 formed on all the alloys. In particular, the scales formed on NiAl-5Ag and NiAl-10Ag contained a thin and discontinuous layer of silver at the alloy/Al2O3 interface. Furthermore, NiAl-10Ag formed also isolated Ag particles or even a discontinuous Ag layer occasionally surmounting the Al2O3 scale. The addition of minor amounts of silver does not affect significantly the oxidation of β-NiAl, because silver is essentially present as a second phase due to its very small solubility in this intermetallic compound.

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13

MA Jun, 马. 军., 王成龙 WANG Cheng-long, and 夏养君 XIA Yang-jun. "Compound parabolic collector for linear Fresnel reflector system." Optics and Precision Engineering 27, no. 12 (2019): 2542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20192712.2542.

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14

Zhang Wei, 张. 伟., 杨立保 Yang Libao, 李清雅 Li Qingya, 王. 严. Wang Yan, and 王. 晶. Wang Jing. "Research on compliance of compound circular-parabolic hinges." Infrared and Laser Engineering 47, no. 11 (2018): 1117009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201847.1117009.

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15

Antonini, A., M. Stefancich, J. Coventry, and A. Parretta. "Modelling of Compound Parabolic Concentrators for Photovoltaic Applications." International Journal of Optics and Applications 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.optics.20130304.02.

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16

Ho, Keang-Po. "Compound parabolic concentrators for narrowband wireless infrared receivers." Optical Engineering 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.201664.

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17

Cooper, Thomas, Fabian Dähler, Gianluca Ambrosetti, Andrea Pedretti, and Aldo Steinfeld. "Performance of compound parabolic concentrators with polygonal apertures." Solar Energy 95 (September 2013): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.06.023.

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18

Alianelli, L., M. Sánchez del Río, and K. J. S. Sawhney. "Ray-tracing simulation of parabolic compound refractive lenses." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 62, no. 6-7 (July 2007): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2007.03.017.

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19

Abdullahi, B., R. K. Al-dadah, and S. Mouhmud. "Optical Performance of Double Receiver Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Energy Procedia 61 (2014): 2625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.263.

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20

Guiqiang, Li, Pei Gang, Su Yuehong, Ji Jie, and Saffa B. Riffat. "Experiment and simulation study on the flux distribution of lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator compared with mirror compound parabolic concentrator." Energy 58 (September 2013): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.06.027.

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21

Easa, Said M., and Yan-Cheng Han. "New Compound Open Channel Section with Polynomial Sides: Improving Cost and Aesthetics." Water 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081545.

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Анотація:

Previous research on compound trapezoidal cross sections has mainly focused on improving the prediction of the discharge (flow rate) because of its inherent challenges. This paper focuses on two other important aspects: Section shape and optimal construction cost. First, the paper proposes a new compound section with third-degree polynomial sides of main channel with horizontal bottom (HB) that allows its top corners to be smooth, called herein compound polynomial section. The special cases of this versatile section include the simple polynomial section, polygonal section, trapezoidal-rectangular section, two-segment linear-side section, and parabolic bottom-trapezoidal section. The simple polynomial section, which is the bank-full part of the compound polynomial section, can further produce parabolic (with or without HB), trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular sections. Second, an optimization model that minimizes construction cost (excavation and lining) of the compound (or simple) polynomial section is developed. The model includes discharge and physical constraints. Theoretical and empirical methods of discharge prediction were used in the model. The results show that the simple polynomial section was more economical than the popular parabolic section by up to 8.6% when the side slopes were restricted. The new polynomial-based sections not only reduced construction cost, but also improved maintenance and aesthetics. As such, the new sections should be of interest to researchers and practitioners in hydraulic engineering.

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22

Lillo-Bravo, Isidoro, Elena Pérez-Aparicio, Natividad Sancho-Caparrini, and Manuel Silva-Pérez. "Benefits of Medium Temperature Solar Concentration Technologies as Thermal Energy Source of Industrial Processes in Spain." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112950.

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This paper analyses the possible applications of medium temperature solar concentration technologies, Compound Parabolic Collector, Linear Fresnel Collector and Parabolic Trough Collector in the Spanish industrial sector. Results of this study allow evaluating whether or not solar technologies are an alternative to conventional sources. This possibility is analyzed energetically, economically and environmentally. Results show that the percentage of solar use is decisive in determining the true thermal energy generation cost. The other essential parameter is the solar field area due to produce economy of scale that reduces investment costs. Fluid temperature has significant influence mainly in Compound Parabolic Collector technology. Results obtained in this paper collect multiple alternatives and allow comparing for different scenarios the suitability to replace conventional energy sources by thermal energy obtained from medium temperature solar concentration technologies from an economic perspective. For instance, for percentage of solar use equal to 100%, the lowest thermal energy generation costs for each technology are 1.3 c€/kWh for Compound Parabolic Collector technology, fluid temperature of 100 °C and industrial process located in Seville, 2.4 c€/kWh for Linear Fresnel Collector technology, fluid temperature of 170 °C and industrial process located in Jaen, 3.3 c€/kWh for technology, fluid temperature of 350 °C and industrial process located in Jaen. These costs are lower than conventional energy sources costs.

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23

Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Dilip Sharma, and Ahmed Hamza H. Ali. "Exergy Destructions Analysis of Evacuated Tube Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Applied Solar Energy 57, no. 5 (October 2021): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2105011x.

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24

Mahammed, Subhi S., Tadahmun Ahmed Yassen, and Hameed Jassim Khalaf. "Theoretical Study of the Compound Parabolic Trough Solar Collector." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.19.2.01.

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Анотація:

Theoretical design of compound parabolic trough solar collector (CPC) without tracking is presented in this work. The thermal efficiency is obtained by using FORTRAN 90 program. The thermal efficiency is between (60-67)% at mass flow rate between (0.02-0.03) kg/s at concentration ratio of (3.8) without need to tracking system. The total and diffused radiation is calculated for Tikrit city by using theoretical equations. Good agreement between present work and the previous work.

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25

Fraidenraich, Naum, and Ignacio H. Salcedo. "Multimode analysis of compound parabolic concentrators with flat absorber." Applied Optics 32, no. 16 (June 1, 1993): 2891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.32.002891.

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26

Prapas, D. E., B. Norton, and S. D. Probert. "Thermal Design of Compound Parabolic Concentrating Solar-Energy Collectors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268194.

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Анотація:

A theoretical analysis of the heat exchanges in a Compound Parabolic Concentrator solar energy collector is presented. The absorber configuration considered is that of a tube (with or without a spectrally-selective surface) either directly exposed or enclosed within one or two glass envelopes. The annular cavity formed between the tube and the surrounding envelope can be either air-filled or evacuated. The optimal annular gap, which leads to the best overall collector efficiency, has been predicted for the nonevacuated arrangement. It was found to be approximately 5 mm for the considered geometry. This is about half that recommended by Rabl and Ratzel and gives a 3 percent better overall collector efficiency than obtained with their design. The evacuation of the annular cavity or the application of a selective surface, separately employed, are demonstrated to yield improvements of the same order. It was necessary, for the particular solar radiation data used, both to evacuate the cavity and apply a selective surface if receiver temperatures exceeding 140°C are required. The comparative performances of different CPC designs have also been considered. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results and adequate corroboration was obtained.

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27

Arunkumar, T., R. Velraj, D. C. Denkenberger, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, K. Vinoth Kumar, and Amimul Ahsan. "Productivity enhancements of compound parabolic concentrator tubular solar stills." Renewable Energy 88 (April 2016): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.051.

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28

Hickerson, K. P., and B. W. Filippone. "A compound parabolic concentrator as an ultracold neutron spectrometer." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 721 (September 2013): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.03.049.

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29

Mallick, Tapas K., Philip C. Eames, and Brian Norton. "Power losses in an asymmetric compound parabolic photovoltaic concentrator." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91, no. 12 (July 2007): 1137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.020.

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30

Kuo, Chia-Wei, Pei-Shan Yen, Wen-Chey Chang, and Keh-Chin Chang. "The Design and Optical Analysis of Compound Parabolic Collector." Procedia Engineering 79 (2014): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.340.

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31

Fernández, P., J. Blanco, C. Sichel, and S. Malato. "Water disinfection by solar photocatalysis using compound parabolic collectors." Catalysis Today 101, no. 3-4 (April 2005): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.062.

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32

Sellami, Nazmi, and Tapas K. Mallick. "Optical efficiency study of PV Crossed Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Applied Energy 102 (February 2013): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.052.

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33

Abu-Bakar, Siti Hawa, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez, Tapas Kumar Mallick, Abu Bakar Munir, Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, and Ruzairi Abdul Rahim. "Rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator for concentrating photovoltaic applications." Applied Energy 136 (December 2014): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.053.

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34

Bellos, E., D. Korres, C. Tzivanidis, and K. A. Antonopoulos. "Design, simulation and optimization of a compound parabolic collector." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 16 (August 2016): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2016.04.005.

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35

Santos-González, I., N. Ortega, V. H. Gómez, O. García-Valladares, and R. Best. "Development and experimental investigation of a compound parabolic concentrator." International Journal of Energy Research 36, no. 12 (June 3, 2011): 1151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1866.

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36

Varghese, Jaji, Samsher ., and Manjunath K. "Experimental Investigation and Comparison Between an Integrated Compound Parabolic Domestic Solar Water Heater with and Without an Air Gap Introduced at the Arms of the CPC." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 1 (2017): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.511727.

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Анотація:

The introduction of a concentrator in a domestic solar water heating system is not yet commercialized but research studies have been carried out and model validation done with symmetrical and asymmetrical type of reflectors. With concentrating collectors it becomes imperative to track the sun. Now the method of tracking to be adopted and the number of adjustments required depends upon the collection efficiency and its application. However for households, systems operating at the lower temperature range the optical system best suited are the compound parabolic concentrator. The advantage is that it has large acceptance angle and therefore requires only occasional tracking. The model studied is batch type heater, as the receiver serves the dual purpose of absorber and storage tank, unlike conventional design which consist of a large number of smaller diameter tubes and separate storage tank. The concentrator i.e. the reflector in this case, is supported on a wooden cradle which comprises the two parabolas of the compound parabolic concentrator. In the present work experimental studies have been carried out and mean collector efficiency computed on model with an air gap introduced in the side walls (arms of the CPC) and performance compared with the model without an air gap. This work is built on a model but without the air gap. Results have shown that there is 37.7% percentage increase in collector collection efficiency with air gap.

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37

Bellos, Evangelos, Dimitrios N. Korres, and Christos Tzivanidis. "Investigation of a Compound Parabolic Collector with a Flat Glazing." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 4347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054347.

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Анотація:

The compound parabolic concentrator is a promising technology for efficient solar irradiation exploitation at low- and medium-temperature levels. This collector type can be used in a series of applications, such as solar cooling, desalination, and industrial process heat applications. This work presents a novel compound parabolic concentrator that presents satisfying efficiency and low cost due to the use of flat glazing and not an evacuated tube receiver. More specifically, the goal of the present investigation is based on the energy and exergy analysis of a compound parabolic collector with flat glazing, which has a concentration ratio of 2.81. The collector is examined thermally and exegetically, aiming to calculate the efficiency of different operating inlet temperatures. Moreover, the solar unit is studied by a developed computational fluid dynamics model in the SolidWorks Flow Simulation tool. Emphasis is given to the calculation of the convection losses of the receiver tube with the internal air inside the collector. The heat convection coefficient is calculated, and the distribution of the thermal losses, convection, and radiation is presented. Furthermore, the temperature levels of the absorber, the cover glass, and the top thermal loss coefficient are found. The thermal efficiency of the solar unit was 77.4% for inlet temperature at 10 °C and 32.6% for inlet temperature at 110 °C. It was calculated that the maximum exergetic performance of the solar unit is 10.19% for operation at 90 °C, while the thermal efficiency for this case is 41.57%. Additionally, the temperature distributions for different cases are included in the present work.

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38

Liang, Dawei, and Rui Pereira. "A Simple Approach for Enhancing the Output Performance of Solar-Pumped Solid-State Lasers." International Journal of Optics 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/730165.

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A simple truncated fused silica elliptical cavity is proposed to enhance the output performance of solar-pumped solid-state lasers. The imaging property of the truncated elliptical cavity ensures an enhanced absorption distribution within an Nd:YAG rod. Optimum pumping parameters are found through ZEMAX nonsequential ray-tracing and LASCAD laser cavity analyses. Compared with the output laser performance of a 3D-compound parabolic concentrator-2D-compound parabolic concentrator (3D-CPC-2D-CPC) cavity, the truncated cavity provides 11% more multimode and 72.7% more laser powers. A laser beam of high beam quality can be produced efficiently. The standard tracking error for multimode laser power is also reduced to only 4.0% by the truncated cavity.

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39

Ларюнин, Олег, and Oleg Laryunin. "Numerical synthesis of ionograms in horizontally inhomogeneous ionosphere on the basis of compound parabolic layer model." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2, no. 3 (October 27, 2016): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22286.

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Characteristic U-shaped traces (cusps) on ionograms have been identified as off-angle echoes from sloping electron density contours caused by the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Temporal evolution of the cusps is associated with horizontal drift of the disturbances. A potential for reducing calculation time in numerical synthesis of vertical ionograms is under discussion. Since numerical ray tracing is computationally intensive, we have developed simplified formulation for this study. The suggested model of compound parabolic layer allows us to analytically calculate ray paths. Changes in the shape of the ionogram cusp caused by varying TID characteristics are examined.

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40

Kumar, Nishant, and Dharamveer Singh. "Study and Analysis of Different Absorber Geometry of Compound Parabolic Solar Collector and its Effect on Thermal Efficiency for Heating Water for Sanitary Use." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 976–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46775.

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Abstract: This project is focused on carrying out a study of the absorber geometry of the parabolic solar collector compound for heating water for sanitary use, to evaluate the temperature gradient between the inlet and outlet of the water of this concentraDDDtor collector, and the efficiency achieved according to the absorber configuration to later compare it with collectors with a conventional flat absorber surface. The parabola of the reflector of the composite parabolic solar collector was obtained considering the circular absorber, with a concentration ratio of 4 plus 10% of this, to consider a truncation of the reflector, the circular absorber was configured with a small absorber plate of aluminum which has a thermal conductivity of 401 W /mK The values obtained experimentally in the collector were based on the data collected in the field files. It was considered to experience the heating of water on different days with the climatic conditions, cloudy, partially cloudy and sunny, with a totally clear sky. The water heating tests were carried out with two types of geometric configuration of the absorber of the composite parabolic solar collector; circular absorber and configured circular absorber, with which a water outlet temperature of 61 ° C and 76 ° C and a thermal efficiency of 60% respectively were obtained, these results were presented taking into account a climatic condition (sunny day) approximately the same for the two absorber configurations, and with average values of wind speed, ambient temperature and solar radiation.

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41

Sripadmanabhan Indira, Sridhar, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, Ramsundar Sivasubramanian, Kok-Keong Chong, R. Saidur, and Kulasekharan Narasingamurthi. "Optical performance of a hybrid compound parabolic concentrator and parabolic trough concentrator system for dual concentration." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47 (October 2021): 101538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101538.

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42

Carlini, Maurizio, Sarah Josephine McCormack, Sonia Castellucci, Anita Ortega, Mirko Rotondo, and Andrea Mennuni. "Modelling and Numerical Simulation for an Innovative Compound Solar Concentrator: Thermal Analysis by FEM Approach." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030548.

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The work presents a heat transfer analysis carried out with the use of COMSOL Multiphysics software applied to a new solar concentrator, defined as the Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) system. The experimental measures have been conducted for a truncated CPC prototype system with a half-acceptance angle of 60°, parabola coefficient of 4 m−1 and four solar cells in both covered and uncovered configurations. These data are used to validate the numerical scenario, to be able to use the simulations for different future systems and works. The second challenge has been to change the reflector geometry, the half-acceptance angle (60° ÷ 75°) and the parabola coefficient (3 m−1 ÷ 6 m−1) to enhance the concentration of sun rays on the solar cells. The results show that the discrepancy between experimental data and COMSOL Multiphysics (CM) have led to validate the scenarios considering the average temperature on the solar cells. These scenarios are used for the parametric analysis, observing that the optimal geometry for the higher power and efficiency of the whole system is reached with a lower half-acceptance angle and parabola coefficient.

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43

Hugenholtz, Chris H., Stephen A. Wolfe, and Brian J. Moorman. "Effects of sand supply on the morphodynamics and stratigraphy of active parabolic dunes, Bigstick Sand Hills, southwestern SaskatchewanGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20060654." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 3 (March 2008): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e08-001.

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Sand supply is a major controlling factor on parabolic dune form and stratigraphy in inland settings. In this study, aerial photographs, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and stratigraphic analysis document the morphodynamics of an individual and compound parabolic dune in the Bigstick Sand Hills, southwestern Saskatchewan. Migration rates for the last 60 years are comparable, although the profile morphologies differ, with the individual dune having a more aerodynamic form. Stratigraphic facies are also similar in both dune types, but the overall internal architecture imaged by GPR differs considerably. Configurations of cross-strata parallel to the downwind axis represent dominant foreset development and lee-slope slipface advance of the individual dune, and impeded slipface development of the compound dune. Stratigraphy transverse to the downwind axis represents radial deposition and foreset development at the individual dune, and vertical accumulation at the compound dune. The overall difference in parabolic dune form and stratigraphy is attributed to variations in sand supply, which determine vegetation development and sedimentation processes along the crest and lee slope. Sand supplied from active blowouts upwind of the individual dune inhibits vegetation colonization on the dune, whereas an absence of sand supply upwind of the compound dune leads to high levels of vegetation cover on the dune. Once supply drops below a threshold level, vegetation cover increases, causing sediment deposition and vertical accretion, and ultimately changing dune form. Overall, this study demonstrates that local sand supply and feedback processes are critical to understanding dune development in vegetated, inland settings.

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44

Ortega, A. Balbuena, A. Terán-Franco, J. Carlos Castro, and J. A. del Río. "Optical and thermal performance of a toroidal compound parabolic concentrator." Applied Optics 60, no. 8 (March 5, 2021): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.413681.

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45

Vardanyan, A. V., and L. A. Gagiyan. "Investigation of a compound concentrator with a quasi-parabolic guide." Applied Solar Energy 43, no. 3 (September 2007): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x07030073.

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46

Bhalla, Vishal, Vikrant Khullar, and Ranga Vihari Parupudi. "Design and thermal analysis of nanofluid-based compound parabolic concentrator." Renewable Energy 185 (February 2022): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.064.

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47

Wang Le, 汪乐, 张树生 Zhang Shusheng, and 翟静 Zhai Jing. "Modeling of LED Reflector Cup Based on Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 49, no. 10 (2012): 102202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop49.102202.

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48

Liu, Feng, and Daiqing Zhang. "PARABOLIC MARCINKIEWICZ INTEGRALS ASSOCIATED TO POLYNOMIALS COMPOUND CURVES AND EXTRAPOLATION." Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society 52, no. 3 (May 31, 2015): 771–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4134/bkms.2015.52.3.771.

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49

Freeman, Joshua D., Umesh Mohankumar, and Krishnashree Achuthan. "A Remote Triggered Compound Parabolic Collector for Thermal Engineering Studies." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 18 (September 21, 2022): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i18.32155.

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Solar thermal energy systems are one of the most cost-effective renewable energy systems in use today. Engineering students study the design of these systems with the goal of learning how to design similar systems and perform research on improving the heating efficiency and overall operations. This paper elaborates on the design, construction, testing, and validation of a solar thermal system as a remote, open instrumentation lab, using two Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) evacuated tube collectors with separate heating media. The lab allows for comparing heat transfer rates and collector efficiencies simultaneously for two fluids that have different thermal capacities. The heat patterns could be viewed using thermal cameras to analyze the CPC design. The unique feature of the system is its facility to control the lab remotely, as the setup is interfaced with instrumentation on a web server, thereby allowing students from geographically distant areas to access and perform experiments on the CPCs. A cumbersome lab with expensive hardware and outdoor requirements is thus made easy to perform and learn from via remote access. This remote methodology and hardware and IT architectures are especially pertinent and relevant in the blended and remote learning scenarios made common by the pandemic.

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50

Gordon, J. M., and A. Rabl. "Nonimaging compound parabolic concentrator-type reflectors with variable extreme direction." Applied Optics 31, no. 34 (December 1, 1992): 7332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.31.007332.

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