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Статті в журналах з теми "Compost Asia"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Ahmad, Irfan, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Shahid Nawaz, Muhammad Asif, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Zainab Shahbaz, Muhammad Kashif, and Mehak Shaheen. "Effect of different compost concentrations on the growth yield of <i>Bombax Ceiba</i> (Simal)." Natural Resources for Human Health 2, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/144578.

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<i>Bombax ceiba</i> is an important agroforestry tree species widely distributed throughout the world. It has been extensively grown and planted for eras in hot and dry regions and high humidity zones of southern Asia. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the growth response of <i>B. ceiba</i> in response to different compost treatments. Different morphological traits (plant height, stem height, root length) and biomass (shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio) were measured. Two experiments (pot experiment = seedlings) and (field experiment = saplings) were conducted simultaneously. Different compost treatments: (T<sub>0</sub>) = (Compost 0% + Soil 0%), (T<sub>1</sub>) = (Compost 25% + Soil 75%), (T<sub>2</sub>) = (Compost 50% + Soil 50%), (T<sub>3</sub>) = (Compost 75% + Soil 25%), (T<sub>4</sub>) = (Compost 100% + Soil 0%) were applied in the growing media. Results demonstrated that plant growth increased with the increment in compost application. In the pot experiment, <i>B. ceiba</i> exhibited its better growth under 75% of compost application, whereas in the field experiment, 100% compost was helpful for the best production of <i>B. ceiba</i>. Overall, positive effects of compost were observed for the growth of <i>B. ceiba</i>. The plant growth was increased greatly in response to the better content of organic fertilizer, and it was determined that compost enhances soil fertility. It should be implemented as organic fertilizer in agroforestry operations for optimizing plant growth and yield.

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2

Doan, Thuy Thu, Phimmasone Sisouvanh, Thanyakan Sengkhrua, Supranee Sritumboon, Cornelia Rumpel, Pascal Jouquet, and Nicolas Bottinelli. "Site-Specific Effects of Organic Amendments on Parameters of Tropical Agricultural Soil and Yield: A Field Experiment in Three Countries in Southeast Asia." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020348.

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Organic amendments may improve the quality of acidic tropical agricultural soils with low organic carbon contents under conventional management (mineral fertilization and irrigation) in Southeast Asia. We investigated the effect of biochar, compost and their combination on maize growth and yield, soil physical, biological and chemical properties at harvesting time at four sites in three countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos. Treatments consisted of 10 t·ha−1 cow manure compost and 7 t·ha−1 of Bamboo biochar and their combination. Maize biomass production and cop yields were recorded for two seasons. Elemental content, pH and nutrient availability of soils were analyzed after the first growing season. We also characterized macrofauna abundance and water infiltration. Few changes were noted for maize biomass production and maize cop yield. Soil chemical parameters showed contrasting, site-specific results. Compost and biochar amendments increased soil organic carbon, pH, total K and N, P and K availability especially for sandy soils in Thailand. The combination of both amendments could reduce nutrient availability as compared to compost only treatments. Physical and biological parameters showed no treatment response. We conclude that the addition of compost, biochar and their mixture to tropical soils have site-specific short-term effects on chemical soil parameters. Their short-term effect on plants is thus mainly related to nutrient input. The site-dependent results despite similar crops, fertilization and irrigation practices suggest that inherent soil parameters and optimization of organic amendment application to specific pedoclimatic conditions need future attention.

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3

Christophoryová, Jana, José D. Gilgado, Ian Bobbitt, and Katarína Krajčovičová. "Lamprochernes savignyi (Simon, 1881) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) recorded in Central Europe for the first time." Check List 17, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/17.2.497.

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The pseudoscorpion Lamprochernes savignyi (Simon, 1881) is reported in Central Europe for the first time. The new record from Switzerland is based on a single female specimen found in a compost heap in the Conservatory and Botanical Garden in Geneva. Until now, the species is distributed mainly in Africa, Americas, and Asia, less in Australia and Oceania, Europe, and the Arabian Peninsula. The new record fills in the gap in species distribution between Northern Europe and the Anatolian Peninsula. A description of the collected female is provided.

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4

Shrestha, Rajendra, Nani Raut, Lwin Swe, and Thida Tieng. "Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture: Cases from Southeast Asia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n3p39.

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Climate change has become apparent and been threatening more and more in Southeast Asia. Its impacts on agriculture and adaptation strategies at household level in farming systems areas are explored. The study focused on better understanding of climate change impacts and adaptation practices in four villages of Myanmar and Cambodia. Household questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used for data collection at household and community level supplemented with secondary data. Dry Zone farmers of Myanmar reported increase in crop diversity while in the Kampong Speu province in Cambodia, the number of rice growing farmers increased together with cultivation of other crops, such as cassava, palm fruit, sugarcane, mangoes, watermelons and vegetables. Farmers changed their cultivation practices as adaptation strategies in various ways: change in cropping calendar, crop varieties, machinery for cultivation practice, and change in area for cultivation. The shift in cropping calendar has occurred from two weeks to one month. Diverse strategies were reported in adapting to water scarcity in agriculture, such as system of rice intensification and water pumping. Farmers also adopted strategies for coping with declining soil productivity. These include animal manure application, compost making and application, crop rotation and crop residues retention. In particular, Dry Zone farmers prefer to apply animal manure rather than other practices because of its vast benefits, such as buffering capacity, effectiveness for plant growth and cheaper price. Cooperative actions are becoming increasingly needed when an individual could not afford adaptation strategies. However, barriers to adaptation strategies are to be reduced to promote climate adaptive practices in agriculture.

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5

Keener, Harold, Ajay Shah, Mike Klingman, Scott Wolfe, Dan Pote, and Ron Fioritto. "Progress in Direct Seeding of an Alternative Natural Rubber Plant, Taraxacum kok-saghyz (L.E. Rodin)." Agronomy 8, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8090182.

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Natural rubber (NR) is currently sourced from a single species Hevea brasiliensis, which is primarily grown in Southeast Asia and Africa. The Taraxacum kok-saghyz (L.E. Rodin) (TK) plant, which grows in temperate climates and has NR in its roots, has been identified as an additional source for NR in the future. A major challenge to TK becoming a crop is direct seeding. This paper presents research on determining strategies for improving establishment of TK through direct seeding. Field trials were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Ohio on a Wooster silt loam soil (2.4–2.9% OM) using “wild” TK seed. The study evaluated the impacts of different planting dates (April and May), planter types (broadcasting raw seed and drilling pelleted seed), companion crops, and compost mulch strips on plant stands (i.e., visible TK plant/TK seed drop). Results indicated that drilling of pelleted seed to a depth of 0.6 cm into a thin layer (<1.27 cm) of compost mulch after soil temperatures reach 16 °C (mid-May in Northern Ohio) would give the highest stand by the fall harvest season. These studies provide insight into direct seeding of TK and a baseline to use for evaluating future generations of TK.

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6

Mohd Khalif, Saldatul As Wani, Nurul Zahidah Nordin, and Nadiawati Alias. "Identification and characterization of potential compost degrading bacteria from agro-waste." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n1.1924.

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Agricultural industry plays a significant role in the global economic growth. It is estimated more than 15% of total waste in Asia are contributed by agro waste. Bacteria is known as one of the useful organisms actively found to surround the waste industry. They are considered as chemical decomposers and act as driving agent of composting that changes the chemistry of organic waste to simple compounds. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify potential compostdegrading bacteria from agriculture waste at several sampling areas in Besut district, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 49 bacteria strains were isolated using Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) from seven groups of raw agro wastes (paddy husk, paddy straw, paddy soil, rock melon waste, rock melon soil, corn waste, and corn soil). Primary screening for potential enzyme production was carried out using selective media containing different substrates (sucrose, xylan, starch, skim milk, and pectin). Only 13 bacterial strains were found positive for protease, nine bacteria strains positive for xylanase, and three bacteria strains were found positive for amylase. Identification of bacteria strains were performed using phenotypic, biochemical tests, and genotypic approaches by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Based on NCBI BLAST analysis, we have identified several bacteria strains: Bacillus cereus (strain B), Alcaligenes faecalis (strain C), Micrococcus sp. (strain D), Pseudomonas stutzeri (strain E), Enterobacter cloacae (strain G), and Serratia marcescens (strain J). Strain F and strain H were identified under distinct family of Enterobacteriaceae, while strain I was identified from Pseudomonadeles order which might represent a new type of proteobacteria strain. These potential waste degrading bacteria could be further analyzed and studies for their true potential in many areas including agriculture and industrial waste management as an approach to reduce waste accumulation in eco-friendly way.

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7

Luangwilai, Thiansiri, Harvinder Sidhu, and Mark Nelson. "Understanding the factors affecting the self-heating process of compost piles: Two-dimensional analysis." ANZIAM Journal 63 (June 6, 2022): C15—C29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v63.17119.

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Industrial compost piles contain large volumes of bulk organic materials. Normally, there are two main heat generation processes—oxidation of cellulosic materials and biological activity within the compost pile. Biological heating occurs at a lower temperature range, but it may `kick-start' the oxidation reaction. Nevertheless, biological heating is desirable and is a key component in composting operations. However, there are cases when the temperature within the compost piles increases beyond the ignition temperature of cellulosic materials which can result in spontaneous ignition. This investigation considers the self-heating process that occurs in a compost pile using a two-dimensional spatially-dependent model incorporating terms that account for self-heating due to both biological and oxidative mechanisms. The variation of temperature distribution within different pile geometries is examined. References P. C. Bowes. Self heating: evaluating and controlling the hazard. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press, 1984 W. F. Brinton, Jr. E. Evans, M. L. Droffner, and R. B. Brinton. Standardized test for evaluation of compost self-heating. BioCycle 36 (1995), pp. 60–65 M. Escudey, A. Arias, J. Forster, N. Moraga, C. Zambra, and A. C. Chang. Sewage sludge self-heating and spontaneous combustion. Field, laboratory and numerical studies. High Temp. Mater. Proc. 27.5 (2008), pp. 337–346. doi: 10.1515/HTMP.2008.27.5.337 R. T. Haug. The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering. USA: Lewis Publishers, 1993. doi: 10.1201/9780203736234 W. Hogland, T. Bramryd, and I. Persson. Physical, biological and chemical effects of unsorted fractions of industrial solid waste in waste fuel storage. Waste Manage. Res. 14.2 (1996), pp. 197–210. doi: 10.1006/wmre.1996.0019 P. F. Hudak. Spontaneous combustion of shale spoils at sanitary landfill. Waste Manage. Res. 22.6 (2002), pp. 687–688. doi: 10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00077-0 F. Kuwahara, Y. Sano, A. Nakayama, K. Nakasaki, and T. Fukazawa. Numerical modelling of a composting process with aeration. J. Porous Media 12.10 (2009), pp. 927–938. doi: 10.1615/JPorMedia.v12.i10.10 T. Luangwilai and H. S. Sidhu. Determining critical conditions for two dimensional compost piles with air flow via numerical simulations. Proceedings of the 15th Biennial Computational Techniques and Applications Conference, CTAC-2010. Ed. by W. McLean and A. J. Roberts. Vol. 52. ANZIAM J. 2011, pp. C463–C481. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v52i0.3753 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. A two dimensional, reaction-diffusion model of compost piles. Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Engineering Mathematics and Applications Conference, EMAC-2011. Ed. by M. Nelson, M. Coupland, H. Sidhu, T. Hamilton, and A. J. Roberts. Vol. 53. ANZIAM J. 2012, pp. C34–C52. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v53i0.5083 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. One-dimensional spatial model for self-heating in compost piles: Investigating effects of moisture and air flow. Food Bioprod. Process. 108 (2018), pp. 18–26. doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.12.001 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. Understanding effects of ambient humidity on self-heating of compost piles. CHEMECA 2018. Institution of Chemical Engineers. 2018, p. 68. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.049196748938234 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. Understanding the role of moisture in the self-heating process of compost piles. CHEMECA 2012. Engineers Australia. 2012, pp. 1834–1846. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.867764346204981 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Biological self-heating of compost piles with airflow. CHEMECA 2009. Engineers Australia. 2009, pp. 2683–2692. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.799299549211365 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Modelling air flow and ambient temperature effects on the biological self-heating of compost piles. Asia-Pacific J. Chem. Eng. 5.4 (2010), pp. 609–618. doi: 10.1002/apj.438 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Modelling the effects of air flow, ambient temperature and radiative boundary conditions in compost piles. CHEMECA 2010. Engineers Australia. 2010, pp. 3585–3596. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.484992904303574 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Modelling the effects of moisture content in compost piles. CHEMECA 2011. Engineers Australia. 2011, pp. 1473–1484. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.174710980721893 T. Luangwilai, S. D. Watt, S. Fu, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. Modelling the effects of ambient temperature variation on self-heating process of compost piles. Engineers Australia (2019), pp. 84–96. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.689351109484953 N. O. Moraga, F. Corvalan, M. Escudey, A. Arias, and C. E. Zambra. Unsteady 2D coupled heat and mass transfer in porous media with biological and chemical heat generations. Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 52 (2009), pp. 5841–5848. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.07.027 PDE Solutions Inc. FlexPDE v 6.05. PDE Solutions Inc. Cambridge MA, 2009. url: http://www.pdesolutions.com R. Rynk. Fires at composting facilities: causes and conditions Part I. BioCycle 41.1 (2000), pp. 54–58 H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. A simple spatial model for self-heating compost piles. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Computational Techniques and Applications Conference, CTAC-2006. Ed. by W. Read and A. J. Roberts. Vol. 48. ANZIAM J. 2007, pp. C135–C150. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v48i0.86

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8

Widowati, Ladiyani R., Steven Sleutel, Diah Setyorini, Sukristiyonubowo, and Stefaan De Neve. "Nitrogen mineralisation from amended and unamended intensively managed tropical andisols and inceptisols." Soil Research 50, no. 2 (2012): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11225.

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Intensive vegetable production systems throughout South East Asia are characterised by large nutrient inputs and low nitrogen (N) use efficiencies. In Indonesia, intensive vegetable production is concentrated on volcanic highland soils starting from an altitude of around 700 m above sea level. We measured potential N mineralisation from soil organic matter and from several representative organic materials in Andisols and Inceptisols with andic properties from Central Java, Indonesia. Unamended soils and soils amended with crop residues, animal manures, and compost were incubated during 3–4 months at 25°C in the laboratory, then we monitored N mineralisation. Relative N mineralisation was significantly smaller in the Andisols (average 3.6 ± 1.0%) than the Inceptisols (7.4 ± 2.9%), and was negatively related to oxalate-extractable aluminium (Alox) (r = –0.749) and soil organic carbon (r = –0.705). This is probably due to the strong protection of organic matter (and organic N) by binding to active Al compounds. Net N mineralisation from the added organic materials was highly variable (ranging from 68.1% for the broccoli residues to 2.6% for tithonia compost), and was best related to the organic N content (r = 0.476). There were no significant correlations between net N mineralisation and biochemical fractions, which we attribute to the large variety of materials used in this study compared with previous studies. The data generated here on N mineralisation potential from soil organic matter, and from a variety of plant materials and animal manures that are commonly used in these intensive vegetable rotations, will allow for the rapid and efficient introduction of N fertiliser advice systems based on balance sheets.

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9

Hawcroft, Brad B., and Steven E. Newman. "KENAF PITH AS A VERMICULITE SUBSTITUTE IN PEAT-BASED MEDIA." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 647g—647. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.647g.

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Kenaf is an alternative fiber crop being evaluated in Mississippi. Kenaf, primarily grown in Asia, can be used in the manufacture of paper, fiber board, acoustical tiles and compost. The bark is the source of the fiber used, leaving the fiber core or pith for use as a paper additive, poultry litter, or is discarded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of kenaf fiber core as a vermiculite substitute in a sphagnum peat moss-based medium. Plugs of Celosia argentea, Viola × wittrockiana, and Impatiens wallerana were transplanted into 10 cm pots containing 5 different sphagnum peat moss-based media modified with the milled fiber core (pith) of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and/or vermiculite. The media were as follows: 5 peat: 0 kenaf : 5 vermiculite (v/v/v); 5 peat : 1 kenaf : 4 vermiculite (v/v/v); 5 peat : 2 kenaf : 3 vermiculite (v/v/v); 5 peat : 3 kenaf : 2 vermiculite (v/v/v); 5 peat : 4 kenaf : 1 vermiculite (v/v/v); and 5 peat : 5 kenaf: 0 vermiculite (v/v/v). Water holding capacity, pore space, pH and media shrinkage were monitored throughout the study along with plant growth and plant quality.

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10

Mininni, Giuseppe, Elena Mauro, Bernardo Piccioli, Giordano Colarullo, Filippo Brandolini, and Paolo Giacomelli. "Production and characteristics of sewage sludge in Italy." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.064.

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Abstract Results of an extended survey on the production and quality of sewage sludge produced in Italy are herewith reported and discussed. Data are relevant to 2015. They were provided by 84 Italian water utilities responsible for municipal wastewater treatment serving approximately 35 million persons. Total production was estimated at about 395,000 t dry solids/year, of which 9.9% is used in agriculture without further treatments, 26.4% is sent to external plants for compost production, 5.6% is sent to external plant for production of a soil conditioner called ‘chalk of defecation’, 17.2% is disposed to landfill, and 5.9% is sent to incineration or co-incineration plants. The rest (35%) is sent to external sludge centres for further treatments (manly chemical and physical processes) before recovery/disposal. Regarding chemical characterization the following parameters were investigated: TOC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, mercury, total chromium, chromium VI, selenium, hydrocarbons C10–C40, sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sum of polychlorinated biphenyls, sum of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzo-p-furanes (toxic equivalent) salmonella, faecal coliforms, sulphur, sum of absorbable halogenated organic compounds, nonylphenol and nonylphenolethoxylates with one or two ethoxy groups, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. All the parameters showed that the quality of Italian sewage sludge is consistent with a typical sludge in Europe, Asia and America and the maximum concentrations of pollutants are well below the fixed standards of the European Directive 86/278 and the third draft of the European Commission's Working Document on Sludge.

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11

Moe, Kyi, Aung Htwe, Thieu Thu, Yoshinori Kajihara, and Takeo Yamakawa. "Effects on NPK Status, Growth, Dry Matter and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) by Organic Fertilizers Applied in Field Condition." Agriculture 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9050109.

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The decline in rice yields as a result of excessive chemical fertilizer (CF) inputs is a matter of great concern in rice-growing regions of Asia. In two-year’s field experiments, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) status, growth characteristics and yield of rice were examined by application of poultry manure (PM), cow manure (CM) and compost (CP). Organic fertilizers were applied as EMN (estimated mineralizable N) based on their total N content. Six treatments were assigned in a randomized complete block design: (1) no-N fertilizer (N0); (2) 50% CF (CF50), (3) 100% CF (CF100); 50% CF + 50% EMN from (4) PM or (5) CM or (6) CP. Compared with CF100, the CF50PM50 (total N ≥ 4%) accumulated higher N, P and K content in leaf, sheath, panicle and seeds, resulting in greater growth and yield. The CF50PM50 increased yield by 8.69% and 9.70%, dry matter by 4.76% and 5.27% over CF100 in both years. The continuous application of CF50CM50 (total N < 4%) and CF50CP50 (total N < 4%) treatments led to similar NPK contents but higher yields than those of CF100 treatment in 2018. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer (total N ≥ 4%) with the EMN method enhances higher N availability in each year. Continuous application of organic fertilizer (total N < 4%) over two years effectively increased N availability in the second year. The 50% organic fertilizer (total N ≥ 4%) and 50% CF led to increased NPK availability and rice yields over the 100% CF treatment, reducing CF usage and leading for sustainable agriculture.

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Ahmed, Osumanu H., M. H. A. Husni, A. R. Anuar, and M. M. Hanafi. "Towards Sustainable Use of Potassium in Pineapple Waste." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.199.

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Анотація:

Due to the 1997/98 haze problem in South-East Asia and the increasing need for sustainable food production and development, the usual management of crop residues (including pineapple wastes) through burning is prohibited. As a result, the need for alternative uses of pineapple wastes in pineapple production has been emphasized. This study investigated an environmentally friendly means of recycling pineapple leaves for agricultural use. Pineapple leaves were shredded and composted in a composting drum for 30 days. Part of the shredded leaves was ashed in a muffle furnace for 4 h. Humic acid (HA), K-fulvate, and K in HA and compost were analyzed using standard procedures. An ash to water ratio of 1:7 was used to extract 0.1 molar (M) KOH from the shredded leaves. The 0.1 M KOH contained 50% K and was able to extract 20% HA from the composted pineapple leaves. Percent K in the fulvate using 0.1 M KOH was 43. Besides serving as a foliar spray (supplement soil application K fertilizers), source of K for freshwater fish (e.g., tilapia), the HA produced can be used as a soil conditioner. Studies show that between 0.050–01 g of HA per kg soil retards runoff by 36% in sandy and sandy loam soils. The K-fulvate can be used as a fluid fertilizer. In addition, the pH of 2 of the K-fulvate suggests it could be used to dissolve phosphate rocks, particularly those in the arid regions where high soil pH does not facilitate the dissolution of these important rocks that serve as one of the sources of phosphorus fertilizer in agriculture.

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13

Nomachi, Masaharu, and Hai Vo Hong. "International school for radiation measurements in Asia." EPJ Web of Conferences 225 (2020): 10004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022510004.

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Анотація:

Radiation measurement is a key technology for various sciences. The education of radiation science is demanding in Southeast Asian countries. We are collaborating with Universities in Southeast Asia. Hands-on exercise is important. However, it was not so easy to provide enough number of setups. Recent developments change the situation. The granularity of detectors in particle physics and medical apparatus is increasing. It means detector unit becomes smaller and less expensive. We are developing setups for radiation measurement exercises based on those new developments. Those system is portable to carry. In Osaka University, we are organizing schools for radiation measurements inviting Southeast Asian students. In addition, we are organizing schools in Southeast Asia. Compact system helps us to carry.

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14

Macrae, Craig. "A Guide to Central Asian Music on Compact Discs." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 32, no. 2 (1998): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400037226.

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Анотація:

The Dissolution of the Soviet Union has inspired a growing awareness of the dynamic cultures of Central Asia accompanied by an expanding catalogue of resources for use in teaching and research. Among these resources are an abundance of excellent recordings of Central Asian music available on compact disc. This review serves as an introductory guide to recordings of Central Asian music that will enrich personal collections, serve as excellent teaching materials, and enhance possibilities for research. The CDs recommended here are anthologies that have been chosen for the artistic quality of the recorded performances, broad and representative coverage of relevant musical genres, and above all for the reliable commentary that accompanies these productions.

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15

Sumartini, Sumartini, and Mudji Rahayu. "PENYAKIT EMBUN TEPUNG DAN CARA PENGENDALIANNYA PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI DAN KACANG HIJAU." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 36, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v36n2.2017.p59-66.

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<p>Powdery mildew disease is caused by Erysiphae diffusa (Cook and Peck) fungi on soybeans and E. polygoni (DC Sawada) on mungbean. Both diseases are an important disease because of their widely spread and high yield loss, reaching 35% in soybeans and 26% in mungbean. In Indonesia, the disease occurs in central areas of soybean production and mungbean. The spread of the disease includes Asia, the United States of America , and Brazil. The symptoms of powdery mildew are easily recognizable in the presence of white flour on the top surface of the leaves. The intensity of powdery mildew is usually high in the dry season, when the temperature is cold in the morning and much mildew conditions around the plant. This situation will interfere with the process of photosynthesis and transpiration. In addition, Erysiphe’s haustorium absorbs plant nutrients that will interfere with some metabolic functions and processes. Control of powdery mildew will suppress the loss of grain bean and results nationally supports the availability of soybean and mungbean. Recommended control measures are spraying with plant materials (extracts of neem seeds, tea compost, cow´s whole milk, essential oil of citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus, cinnamon, and tea tree) on the incidence of powdery mildew disease on soybean and the use of Vima1 varieties for control of powdery mildew disease on mungbean.</p><p>Keywords: Soybean, mungbean, powdery mildew, control</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Penyakit embun tepung disebabkan oleh cendawan Erysiphae diffusa (Cook and Peck) pada tanaman kedelai dan E. polygoni (DC Sawada) pada kacang hijau. Penyebaran penyakit penting ini menyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai 35% pada kedelai dan 26% pada kacang hijau. Di Indonesia, penyakit ini terjadi di sentra produksi kedelai dan kacang hijau. Di luar negeri, penyebaran penyakit embun tepung meliputi Asia, Amerika Serikat, dan Brazil. Intensitas penyakit biasanya tinggi pada musim kemarau, pada saat suhu dingin di pagi hari dan kondisi berembun di sekitar pertanaman. Gejala penyakit embun tepung mudah dikenali dengan ciri seperti tepung di permukaan atas daun. Hal ini dapat mengganggu proses fotosintesis dan transpirasi. Selain itu, haustorium Erysiphe menyerap nutrisi tanaman sehingga mengganggu beberapa fungsi dan proses metabolisme. Penyakit embun tepung perlu dikendalikan untuk menekan kehilangan hasil kedelai dan kacang hijau. Cara pengendalian yang disarankan adalah penyemprotan dengan bahan nabati (ekstrak biji mimba, kompos teh, susu sapi, minyak dari citronella, lemongrass, eucalyptus, cinnamon, dan tanaman teh) pada kedelai dan penggunaan varietas tahan Vima-1 pada kacang hijau.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Kedelai, kacang hijau, penyakit embun tepung, pengendalian</p><p> </p>

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16

Davis, Darrell William. "Compact Generation: Vcd markets in Asia." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 23, no. 2 (June 2003): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0143968032000091095.

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17

KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 160, no. 1 (2004): 124–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003737.

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-Barbara Watson Andaya, Susan Blackburn, Love, sex and power; Women in Southeast Asia. Clayton VIC: Monash Asia Institute, 2001, iv + 144 pp. [Monash papers on Southeast Asia 55.] -Kathryn Gay Anderson, Juliette Koning ,Women and households in Indonesia; Cultural notions and social practices. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2000, xiii + 354 pp. [Nordic Institute of Asian studies, studies in Asian topics 27.], Marleen Nolten, Janet Rodenburg (eds) -Greg Bankoff, Takeshi Kawanaka, Power in a Philippine city. Chiba: Institute of developing economies, 2002, 118 pp. [IDE Occasional papers series 38.] -René van den Berg, John Lynch ,The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2002, xvii + 924 pp., Malcolm Ross, Terry Crowley (eds) -H.J.M. Claessen, Douglas Oliver, Polynesia in early historic times. Honolulu: Bess Press, 2002, 305 pp. -Harold Crouch, Andrew Rosser, The politics of economic liberalisation in Indonesia; State, market and power. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2002, xv + 232 pp. -Hans Hägerdal, Arend de Roever, De jacht op sandelhout; De VOC en de tweedeling van Timor in de zeventiende eeuw. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2002, 383 pp. -Fiona Harris, Lorraine V. Aragon ,Structuralism's transformations; Order and revision in Indonesian and Malaysian societies; Paper written in honor of Clark E. Cunningham. Tempe AZ: Arizona State University Press, 1999, lxii + 402 pp., Susan D. Russell (eds) -David Henley, Christiaan Heersink, Dependence on green gold: A socio-economic history of the Indonesian coconut island Selayar. Leiden: KITlV Press, 1999, xviii + 371 pp. [Verhandelingen 184.] -David Hicks, James T. Siegel ,Southeast Asia over three generations; Essays presented to Benedict R.O'G. Anderson 2003, 398 pp. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Southeast Asia program. [Studies on Southeast Asia 36.], Audrey R. Kahin (eds) -Janny de Jong, L. de Jong, The collapse of a colonial society; The Dutch in Indonesia during the second world war. With an introduction by Jeroen Kemperman. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002, 570 pp. [Verhandelingen 206.] -Gerry van Klinken, Grayson Lloyd ,Indonesia today; Challenges of history. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 2001, 359 pp., Shannon Smith (eds) -Johanna van Reenen, Frédéric Durand, Timor Lorosa'e, pays au carrefour de l'Asie et du Pacifique; Un atlas géo-historique. Marne-la-Vallée: Presses Universitaires de Marne-la-Vallée, 2002, 208 pp. -William R. Roff, Mona Abaza, Debates on Islam and knowledge in Malaysia and Egypt; Shifting worlds. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002, xix + 304 pp. -Mariëtte van Selm, Chr. van Fraassen ,G.E. Rumphius, De Ambonse eilanden onder de VOC, zoals opgetekend in 'De Ambonse landbeschrijving'. Utrecht: Landelijk Steunpunt Educatie Molukkers, 2002, 254 pp., H. Straver (eds) -K. Thirumaran, Prema-Chandra Athukorala, Crisis and recovery in Malaysia; The role of capital controls. Cheltenham: Elgar, 2001, xii + 159 pp. -K. Thirumaran, John Hilley, Malaysia; Mahathirism, hegemony and the new opposition. London: Zed books, 2001, xiii + 305 pp. -Reina van der Wiel, Damien Kingsbury ,Foreign devils and other journalists. Clayton VIC: Monash Asia Institute, 2000, vi + 277 pp. [Monash papers on Southeast Asia 52.], Eric Loo, Patricia Payne (eds) -Jennifer Fraser, Philip Yampolsky, Music of Indonesia. Washington DC: Smithsonian Folkways recordings, 1991-2000, 20 compact discs plus a CD of selections from the series, Discover Indonesia. All with accompanying booklets. -Robert Wessing, Nicola Tannenbaum ,Founders' cults in Southeast Asia; Ancestors, polity, and identity. New Haven CT: Yale University Southeast Asian studies, 2003, xi + 373 pp. [Yale Southeast Asia studies Monograph 52.], Cornelia Ann Kammerer (eds) -Robert Wessing, Henri Chambert-Loir ,The potent dead; Ancestors, saints and heroes in contemporary Indonesia. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen and Unwin, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2002, xxvi + 243 pp. [Southeast Asia publications series.], Anthony Reid (eds)

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18

Wang, Ying-Jin, Lin-Yan Feng, Jin-Chang Guo, and Hua-Jin Zhai. "Dynamic Mg2B8Cluster: A Nanoscale Compass." Chemistry - An Asian Journal 12, no. 22 (October 20, 2017): 2899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201701310.

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19

Asare, Emmanuel Tetteh, King Carl Tornam Duho, and Edmund Narh Amegatcher. "Climate Change Reporting and Corporate Governance among Asian and African Energy Firms." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 997, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/997/1/012005.

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Abstract This paper examines the extent of climate change disclosure among energy firms operating in Africa and Asia, as well as the firm, country and global determinants of the disclosures. A quantitative approach was applied to evaluate an unbalanced panel data of 31 firms in 18 countries across Africa and Asia for 2015 to 2020. Data was collected from the GRI database and a composite index was constructed to measure the extent of climate change disclosure using “GRI 305: Emissions” indicators. The study used a regression model to find the nexus between climate change disclosure and its determinants. Comparatively, Asian energy firms disclose more than their African counterparts. The determinants of climate change disclosure are board size, board diversity, multinational status, profitability, cross-listing status, membership to the United Nations Global Compact and the Human Development Index of the countries within which firms operate. This study provides insights about the extent of GRI 305: Emissions usage by energy firms in Africa and Asia. It also adds to the limited knowledge on climate change disclosure in Africa and Asia. With the recent COP26 conference in mind, this study extends knowledge on how businesses are taking action in line with the Agenda 2030 (specifically Sustainable Development Goal 13), the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

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20

Afrin, Syeda Rubaiya, and Shaikh Motasim Billah. "Effect of Decomposed Fruit Waste on the Growth and Biomass Production of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus)." South Asian Journal of Agriculture 8, no. 1-2 (April 23, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/saja.v8i1-2.59260.

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This study attempts to observe the effect of decomposed fruit waste on the growth and biomass production of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus). Decomposed fruit waste used as organic fertilizer to ensure soil health. Besides, the use of organic fertilizer instead of using toxic chemical fertilizer is an alternative eco-friendly approach. In this experiment, compost was prepared by using banana and orange peel wrapped in two different poly bags and kept them for 6 months under the soil. Here five treatments and three replications were used in which 1000 kg ha1 and 2000 kg ha-1 orange peel and banana peel composts were used as treatments. Red amaranth was grown as a test crop. After harvesting plants, different growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, leaf number, fresh weight, oven-dry weight and percent of moisture content were measured. The results exhibited that all growth parameters increased significantly by the application of decomposed fruit wastes. However, the application of 2000 kg ha-1 decomposed orange peel performed better in all respects. South Asian J. Agric., 8(1&2): 1-5

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21

Asis, Maruja M. B., and Alan Feranil. "Not for Adults Only: Toward a Child Lens in Migration Policies in Asia." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 1 (March 2020): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420907375.

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Executive Summary Having experienced substantial international migration since the 1970s, countries in East, South, and Southeast Asia have developed laws, institutions, policies, and programs to govern various aspects of international migration. Children, however, who comprise a significant share of the world’s international migrants, have not received as much policy attention as adults. Children are part of the region’s international migration experience (e.g., children left behind in the countries of origin when their parents migrate for work, children as migrants, and children as members of multicultural families). This article provides an overview of the challenges faced by children as migration actors, and the policy responses and programs that select countries in the region have developed to address children’s experiences and concerns. The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees, which many Asian countries have endorsed, set forth objectives, commitments, and actions, informed by the principle of promoting the best interests of the child and child protection, which specifically address the needs of children. These include actions to promote universal birth registration, enhance access to education and health and social services regardless of migrant and legal status, and otherwise create inclusive and socially cohesive societies. Most countries in Asia have yet to meet these standards. Endorsing the two compacts was a first step. The good practices that have been implemented in a number of countries provide a template for how to translate these objectives into action and how to ensure that the full protection and best interests of migrant children, the left-behind children of migrant workers, and those who are part of multicultural families remain a priority.

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22

Chang, Shenglin. "Asian and Latino Immigrants' Preferences for Walkable Sub-Urban Neighborhoods." Open House International 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2009-b0003.

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When immigrants arrive in the United States, their search for a new home represents a transformative personal and cultural journey. This paper investigates this transformative process in relation to Smart Growth principles around walk-ability promoted by a suburban county in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. This survey of immigrants from various countries in Asia and Latin America, finds that seventy percent of those who emigrated from urban environments prefer to live in single-family detached houses. Survey participants from Latin American countries prefer these homes in compact urban locations more than Asian immigrants and native-born Americans, while Asians prefer suburban neighborhoods with pedestrian amenities. Their preferences represent a hybrid version of the American dream which combines both the urban and suburban imaginary, or what this article terms “sub-urban” preferences. This study emphasizes that walkability is critical to immigrant sub-urban preferences and ought to influence the way professionals design and plan neighborhoods and housing.

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23

Börngen, F., and A. T. Kalloghlian. "Photometric investigations of compact galaxies." Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 306, no. 2 (1985): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113060209.

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24

Verozub, L. V. "Compact objects with large masses." Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 317, no. 2 (1996): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113170208.

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25

Esposito, A. A. M., P. Rafanelli, and V. A. Lipovetski?? "Spectroscopy of Blue Compact Galaxies." Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 318, no. 4 (1997): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113180408.

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26

Readhead, Anthony C. S., Sebastian Kiehlmann, Matthew L. Lister, Sandra O'Neill, Timothy J. Pearson, Evan Sheldahl, Aneta Siemiginowska, Gregory B. Taylor, and Peter N. Wilkinson. "What defines a compact symmetric object? A carefully vetted sample of compact symmetric objects." Astronomische Nachrichten 342, no. 9-10 (November 2021): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.20210049.

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27

Beeson, Mark. "Can ASEAN Cope with China?" Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 35, no. 1 (April 2016): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500101.

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The rise of China is the most important development in East Asia in recent times. It presents major opportunities and challenges, if not threats, for ASEAN as a collective entity, and for the individual countries that compose it. Whether ASEAN can develop a collective, let alone effective response is far from clear. This paper explores and analyses the forces that are likely to determine the outcome.

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28

Tadhunter, Clive, Raffaella Morganti, Francesco Santoro, and Emmanuel Bernhard. "Compact radio sources: Triggering and feedback." Astronomische Nachrichten 342, no. 9-10 (October 26, 2021): 1200–1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.20210048.

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29

Barnaföldi, G. G., P. Lévai, and B. Lukács. "Searching extra dimensions in compact stars." Astronomische Nachrichten 328, no. 8 (October 2007): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200710806.

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30

Volkmer, Guilherme L., Dimiter Hadjimichef, Moises Razeira, Benno Bodmann, and César A. Zen Vasconcellos. "Ultra‐compact objects in semiclassical gravity." Astronomische Nachrichten 340, no. 9-10 (November 2019): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201913717.

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31

Fong, Colleen. "Cultural Compass: Ethnographic Explorations of Asian America." Journal of American Ethnic History 21, no. 1 (October 1, 2001): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27502805.

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32

Negoro, H., та K. Kawashima. "ASCA observation of ω Centauri". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 174 (1996): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900001789.

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33

Lee, Jae-Seok. "Compact(Pledge) and Multistate Relations in Ancient East Asia ; About the Possibility of Tribute – Compact(Pledge) System." Journal for the Studies of Korean History 78 (February 29, 2020): 69–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21490/jskh.2020.02.78.69.

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34

Holt, J., C. N. Tadhunter, and R. Morganti. "Outflows and shocks in compact radio sources." Astronomische Nachrichten 327, no. 2-3 (March 2006): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200510496.

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35

Augusto, P. "The lack of large compact symmetric objects." Astronomische Nachrichten 330, no. 2-3 (February 2009): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200811153.

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36

Kunert-Bajraszewska, M., and P. Thomasson. "A survey of Low Luminosity Compact sources." Astronomische Nachrichten 330, no. 2-3 (February 2009): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200811158.

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37

Villavicencio, C., M. Loewe, and A. Raya. "Pions near condensation under compact star conditions." Astronomische Nachrichten 340, no. 1-3 (January 2019): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201913585.

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38

Tovmassian, H. M. "A multiple galaxy collision in compact groups." Astronomische Nachrichten 324, no. 6 (November 2003): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200310169.

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39

Mrázek, Rudolf. "floating. No gears shifting." Journal of Asian Studies 69, no. 4 (November 2010): 1021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911810002822.

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It is impressive how, in Prasenjit Duara's essay, Asian regions are understood and presented—in the breadth of the world, not as objects with sharp edges, or compact entities of cultures, economies, and politics, not as blocks of which the present and the global so often are still thought to be made. Reading Duara's essay, I was made to think of the celebrated Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki's current grand plan for Singapore, the epitome of Asia today, a design conceived not as a space made of buildings, offices, and flats, not of blocks, but of flows—bridges and flyovers, “links,” as Maki calls them. These links are there as the most powerful part of the whole, making the city-state space by cutting through it, over the blocks, and along them. The links are empowered to make everything in the city-state to face the open, and to move into the open. A skeptic, of course, may ask, “into what open?” Indeed, the “links” of Singapore, at least those already in action, often lead from offices, flats, and blocks into one mega-supermarket and then into another.

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40

Loughnan, Claire. "Regional deterrence and ‘non-genuine’ refugees: The punitive legacy of the 1989 Comprehensive Plan of Action." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 28, no. 2 (April 19, 2019): 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196819842972.

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The outsourcing of refugee protection obligations is reshaping state relations in the Asia Pacific and Southeast Asian region and has underscored a progressively punitive approach to ‘irregular’ refugee movement. Such a shift can be partially but importantly traced to the deterrent foundations of Australia's dual-track processing system, introduced as an outcome of the 1989 Comprehensive Plan of Action on Indochinese Refugees (CPA). Although the CPA was a multilateral attempt to improve access to refugee protection through a coordinated regional response, in many respects it undermined the potential for refugee protection. By examining the history and motivations of regional responses, we can trace their impact as an exercise in either affirming or disavowing regional responsibility for refugee protection, while enabling some states to retain and even increase their capacity for control in the region. Given the call by the Global Compact on Refugees for coordinated regionally responsive approaches based on humanitarian principles, the crafting of regional and global plans, their motives and their governing logic, require ongoing and careful attention to ascertain the forms of responsibility or irresponsibility for refugee protection which they might sustain over time.

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41

Antipin, V. S., M. I. Kuzmin, D. Odgerel, L. V. Kushch, and N. V. Sheptyakova. "Rare-Metal Li–F Granites in the Late Paleozoic, Early Mesozoic, and Late Mesozoic Magmatic Areas of Central Asia." Russian Geology and Geophysics 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20214409.

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Abstract —In the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Li–F granites formed in magmatic areas of different ages within a wide time interval, 321–134 Ma. The Li–F granites compose large multiphase plutons (Janchivlan and Baga-Gazriin Chuluu) and small intrusions, have specific mineralogic and geochemical characteristics, and show enrichment in Sn, W, Li, Rb, Ta, and Nb, thus forming concentrated mineralization at the late magmatic and postmagmatic stages. The late Paleozoic and Mesozoic small intrusions (Kharagul, Urugudei, Bezymyanka, Henteyn, and Turga) are high-alkali Li–F granites enriched in Zr, Nb, Hf, Th, U, and REE, which differ from ore-bearing Li–F granites in mineral assemblages and geochemical features. Such granites can be classified as an individual subtype of rare-metal granites. Irrespective of geochemical characteristics, the Li–F granites of the studied provinces in Central Asia are geochemically different from typical collision-related granites resulting from the melting of the upper continental crust. It is shown that the formation of rare-metal magmas with different geochemical characteristics is related to the mantle–crust interaction. The geochemical evolution of Li–F granites is significantly contributed to by the activity of mantle fluids containing trace elements and by the differentiation of granitic magma in the crustal intermediate chambers, which is favorable for the formation of associated rare-metal mineralization.

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42

Shimizu, Masaki, Youhei Takeda, Masahiro Higashi, and Tamejiro Hiyama. "Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Dimethoxybis(3,3,3-trifluoropropen-1-yl)benzenes: Compact Chromophores Exhibiting Violet Fluorescence in the Solid State." Chemistry - An Asian Journal 6, no. 9 (June 30, 2011): 2536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201100176.

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43

Wong, Deborah. "Cultural Compass: Ethnographic Explorations of Asian America (review)." Journal of Asian American Studies 4, no. 2 (2001): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2001.0018.

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44

Morganti, R., B. Emonts, J. Holt, C. Tadhunter, T. Oosterloo, and C. Struve. "Gas and stars in compact (young) radio sources." Astronomische Nachrichten 330, no. 2-3 (February 2009): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200811164.

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45

Presotto, V., S. Temporin, E. Pompei, and A. Iovino. "SCG0018-4854: A young and dynamic compact group." Astronomische Nachrichten 330, no. 9��10 (December 2009): 988–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200911275.

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46

Mezcua, M., and A. P. Lobanov. "Compact radio emission in Ultraluminous X-ray sources." Astronomische Nachrichten 332, no. 4 (April 2011): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201011504.

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47

Rastello, S., D. Dallacasa, and M. Orienti. "Multifrequency VLBA observations of two compact symmetric objects." Astronomische Nachrichten 337, no. 1-2 (February 2016): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201512262.

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48

Stoll, D., H. Tiersch, and M. Braun. "Catalogue of Shakhbazian compact groups of galaxies. V." Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 317, no. 4 (1996): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113170403.

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49

Stoll, D., H. Tiersch, and M. Braun. "Catalogue of Shakhbazian compact groups of galaxies. VI." Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 317, no. 5 (1996): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113170503.

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50

Stoll, D., H. Tiersch, and M. Braun. "Catalogue of Shakhbazian compact groups of galaxies. VII." Astronomische Nachrichten: A Journal on all Fields of Astronomy 317, no. 6 (1996): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113170604.

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