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Дисертації з теми "Composites organiques tissés 3D"
Orenes, Balaciart Salvador. "In Situ Characterization by Acoustic Emission and X-Ray μ-Computed-Tomography of the Effects of Temperature, Aging, and Multi-Axial Loads on Damage Onset in 3D Woven Organic Matrix Composites for Aeronautical Applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0010.
Повний текст джерелаThe field of aeronautical engineering has seen considerable advancements over the past decades in materials science. Carbon fibre Three-Dimensional Woven Organic Matrix composites (3DOMC) are increasingly used as elements of structural parts close to aircraft engines and in aero-engine fan blades. These materials are therefore requested to operate in high-performance ranges subjected to multi-axial mechanical solicitations at different temperatures and exposed to cold/hot thermal cycling. Although there is substantial literature on the effects of such solicitations on the fracture behavior and ultimate damage mechanisms of 3DOMC, there is a limited study on the initial damage mechanisms. This gap is particularly critical since the onset of damage dictates the usability of such components; from operational standpoint, no damage is permissible in service in these parts. This work aims to develop a novel experimental methodology to characterize the onset of damage in 3DOMC for different multi-axial solicitations encountered in-service.To achieve this, an in situ test has been designed coupling μ-Computed Tomography (μ-CT) and Acoustic Emission (AE), successfully identifying multi-axial damage initiation during tensile test and Eccentric Compression Bending (ECB) in in-axis and off-axis specimens. The effect of temperature has been addressed via in situ test implementing the new developed methodology test at high (120ºC) and low (-30ºC) temperature; it has been found damage initiation mechanisms are strongly dependent on temperature.The effect of thermal cycling between 120ºC and -55ºC on damage onset has been characterized by AE and ex situ (μ-CT). Further, damage propagation up to 1000 cycles has been characterized in detail in the 3D woven meso-structure. Finally, thermal cycling degradation and ageing on damage onset is investigated in static in situ tensile test
Lansiaux, Henri. "Élaboration et caractérisation de renforts tissés 3D interlock chaine en lin pour matériaux composites." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I041.
Повний текст джерелаThe multi-scale characterisation of textile preforms made with natural fibres is a necessary method to understand and analyse the mechanical properties and behaviour of the composite. In this study, a multi-scale experimental characterisation is carried out on 3D warp interlock fabrics made with flax fibres at the fibre (micro), yarns (meso), fabric and composites (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fibre were determined using the IFBT methodology. The twist effect was also taken into account in the calculation of fibre stiffness and revealed the limits of the rules of mixtures and some other models. Tensile tests on dry rovings were carried out considering different levels of twist, in order to determine the optimal twist level suited for 3D weaving process. The results reveal the importance of considering the properties of the fibre and the yarn at these scales to determine the most suitable material for weaving. At the fabric scale, seventeen 3D warp interlock fabrics were produced to understand the influence of product parameters on textile parameters and mechanical behaviour. The characterisation of 3D warp interlock woven structures shows the predominant role of yarns on structural and mechanical properties. On the following macroscopic scale, the six impregnated structures have enabled relationships to be established between the reinforcing structures and the associated composite materials. Coupled with these studies, a statistical approach provided a global vision of the product parameters that influence the 3D interlock warp interlock fabrics and the associated composite materials
Garcia, Cécile. "Modélisation de l'endommagement et de la rupture des matériaux composites tissés 3D appliquée aux chapes ceinturées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN035.
Повний текст джерелаThe challenge of this work is to offer tools to the Safran design office for the sizing of lugs made of organic matrix 3D woven composite material. Shear failure is the predominant failure mode on 3D woven composite lugs due to their geometry and the lack of 45° reinforcements. Thus, in this work, special attention is paid to this failure mode. An experimental characterization of the shear failure is carried out, showing matrix cracks along the shear strips. The ODM-CMO model, already validated for bearing and net tensile failure modes, is here enriched to properly describe the shear failure damage scenario. More precisely, the matrix damage evolution law is modified for high shear levels. The model is validated through comparisons with test results available on lugs.Subsequently, an innovative solution of lug is examined, based on the belting of the part. The objective of this design of lug is to provide reinforcements to avoid the shear failure mode that occurs prematurely. This concept induces complex three-dimensional stress states, and particularly off-plane components of the stress tensor. As off-plane material parameters are difficult to identify, an identification method based on full-field measurement is proposed, implemented and applied to the material of interest using elementary tests. An original technological set-up to test the belt in tension with appropriate instrumentation is proposed on the basis of simulations. Three tests have been performed. The belts failed in net tension, reflecting an increase in performance over the monolithic 3D woven composite lug studied in first part
Médeau, Victor. "Rupture des composites tissés 3D : de la caractérisation expérimentale à la simulation robuste des effets d’échelle." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to describe and quantify the failure mechanisms of 3D woven composites underquasi-static tensile loading and to implement an adapted and robust numerical simulationmethod, that can be applied in industry. To this end, an experimental study was carried out toquantify the propagation of cracks in these materials. Thus, a crack propagation scenario wasestablished, thanks to the multi-instrumentation used during the tests. The experimental campaignwas carried out on specimens of various geometries and sizes and highlighted significantvariations in the fracture toughness with the test conditions. A modelisation framework introducinginternal lengths was then presented and adapted to 3D woven composites. This frameworkis supported by the identification of the failure mechanisms subsequent to the analysis of thecrack profile. The introduced lengths were thus related to the weaving parameters. A method foridentifying the parameters was proposed and the consequences of this behaviour on the designof the composite parts discussed. Finally, these results were transferred to robust numerical simulations.Regularisation methods of continuous damage models were presented and evaluatedin terms of their ability to ensure, on the one hand, the robustness of the results and, on theother hand, the correct transcription of experimental size effects. Taking into account these numericaland physical considerations led us to propose a Non-Local damage model. A method foridentifying the parameters and the internal length on experimental data was proposed
Navrátil, Libor. "Apports de l'imagerie qualitative infrarouge pour la caractérisation thermomécanique et le dimensionnement en fatigue de composites tissés 3D." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0007.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on the thermomecanical characterisation and design against fatigue of a woven composite that is produced for research purposes by the Safran Group. The experimental characterisation is based mainly on the analyses of infrared measurements. The experimental protocols, used for generating the experimental database, are based on the heat build-up protocol, which seeks to relate the temperature variations measured under cyclic loadings to different heat sources. In order to fully exploit the experimental data, different postprocessing tools that enable to highlight mechanisms characteristic to woven composites were developed (thermal event detection, frequency analyses, ...). This experimental characterisation is then complemented by results coming from simulation/experiment comparisons. The latter enable to identify dissipative mechanisms activated under relatively low cyclic loadings. Furthermore, this dissipative mechanism description was used to introduce a rapid fatigue characterisation method that identifies an S-N curve model based on the results of tensile tests and heat build-up experiments
Liu, Yang. "Multi-scale damage modelling of 3D textile reinforced composites including microstructural variability generation and meso-scale reconstruction." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10089.
Повний текст джерела3D textile reinforced composites have gained extensive application in many industrial domains by taking their excellent mechanical properties and neat-shape manufacturing. However, lack of understanding in material behaviour might be limiting factors at the design stage. One of these limits is the complexity of the multi-scale phenomena which play a critical role in predicting the material response. In order to tackle this problem, the systematic and detailed investigations are required at different material scales. Therefore, this work addresses to study 3D composites alternating and combining numerical simulations and experimental observations at different material scales. Experiments were carried out to provide twofold parameters: material properties and required geometrical reconstruction parameters. X-ray tomography was employed to inspect the intact samples. Electronic and optical microscopy techniques have been used in order to investigate in details the yarn cross-sections at initial states and eventual damages mechanisms accumulated during mechanical tests. All those observations allowed choosing numerical strategies at different material scales. Thus, at the micro-scale, the modified molecular dynamics algorithm has been developed and tested on RVE and irregular cross-section yarns. The results show great capacity and originality in the generation of the microstructural variability. Consequently, at the meso-scale, the reconstruction strategy was chosen which allowed representing real mesostructure of the composites. This modelling technique has great importance in the prediction of the material response, especially at the non-linear stage
Roirand, Quentin. "Modélisation multiéchelle du comportement et de l'endommagement de composites tissés 3D. Développement d'outils numériques d'aide à la conception des structures tissées." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM036/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith their large flexibility of design , 3D woven composites can provide mechanical properties tailored specificially to structural needs. However, the architectural complexity of woven reinforcements presents serious challenges when predicting properties, behaviours and damage processes. The present work deals with these challenges and seeks to develop numerical tools which are able to foresee the mechanical characteristics of this kind of materials. For this purpose, a multiscale approach, which combines experimental tests and numerical simulations, has been adopted. This approach allows, simultaneously, to take into account the loads and composite behavior, at the macroscopic scale, also the reinforcement geometry and the material heterogeneities which are only visible at the mesoscopic scale. The experimental investigation has been carried out to characterize the behaviour of an 2.5D interlock composite and its constituents. Examinations of the damage mechanisms have also been performed, using tomography and the interzone concept, for this woven composite under loadings in tension and combined tension and bending. With regards to the numerical modeling part, the ultimate degradation of the composite was simulated by cutting the reinforcement yarns with a failure criterion, previously reported, on a 3D representative cell of the experimental composite. For the two kinds of macroscopic loadings, the locations, orientations and kinetics of the damage were found to be fully in agreement with the experimental results. The influence of the architectural parameters on the failure criterion was then evaluated by finite element calculation. Consequently, it has been possible to proposed optimized architectures and make a camparison, for the two macroscopic loadings, with the 2.5D interlock woven composite. Still motivated to improve the prediction of the behaviour of woven composites, this work has also been on developing a finer modeling approach to the understanding of damage mechanisms. A stochastic approach was therefore introduced to the failure criterion using a Weibull statistical distribution. In addition, matrix cavitation has also been taken into account in the modelling. This damage mechanism was simulated using the GTN (Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) model. Finally, model reduction techniques have been applied to lower the cost of computing multiscale modeling in order to identify, for example, material properties by an inverse method or to simulate fatigue tests
Gnaba, Imen. "Étude du comportement mécanique et de la déformabilité de préformes fibreuses renforcées dans l’épaisseur par piquage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I110.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the study of the mechanical behavior of thickened glass and carbon dry textile preforms for thick composite applications with complex shapes. The Through-the-Thickness Reinforcement technique by tufting was chosen because of its advantages over other 3D reinforcement technologies. Glass (plain weave) and carbon (5H satin weave) preforms with different number of plies, reinforced by a carbon thread and according to different tufting patterns (0°, 90° and 0°/90°) were performed by a tufting machine developed within the laboratory and adapted to the requirements of the thesis. These preforms served as a support for an identification approach of the mechanical behavior by means of elementary tests in uniaxial tensile, bending and in-plane shear. This part of the study made it possible to understand the contributions of the different tufting patterns on the mechanical properties of tufted preforms in comparison with those un-tufted. A comparison on the influence of tufting reinforcement of the plain and 5H satin weaves respectively with glass and carbon fibers was conducted according to the deformation mechanisms and the contributions of the tufting thread. Associated to these elementary tests, the influence of tufting on the out-of-plane mechanical properties during the stamping preforming stage was analyzed on two types of carbon stratification: [0°/90°, -45°/+45°] and [0°/90°, -45°/+45°]2. The study was based on the evaluation of maximum punch force, maximum material draw-in, shear angle mapping, and apparent defects during the forming step which was conducted at two different blank-holder pressures (0.05 and 0.2 MPa). In conclusion, the results show that a localized tufting at the most stressed areas for stamping takes a considerable interest and presents a compromise between the in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties: low punch force, low material draw-in and more deformability of the preform with no structural defects
Lapeyronnie, Patrick. "Mise en oeuvre et comportement mécanique de composites organiques renforcés de structures 3D interlocks." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10126/document.
Повний текст джерела3D composites reinforced with layer-to-layer angle-interlock fabrics are attractive due to their superior properties in delamination and impact damage resistance. Nevertheless, the accurate prediction of the mechanical behavior of such composites is challenging due to the complex architecture. The purpose of this work is to assess the equivalent membrane and bending elastic moduli of the shell-type structure by a numerical asymptotic homogenization procedure on a periodic unit cell. A specific program is developed, allowing for parameterized geometrical modeling and mechanical analysis in a systematic and efficient way. This numerical tool enables to consider the influence of the manufacturing process on the geometric and material parameters: the real composite architecture after infusion and the yarn damage during weaving. The effective elastic properties are finally validated using numerical computations on 3D heterogeneous plates and by comparison with experimental tests. The yarn/matrix interface is also analyzed in terms of damage initiation into the composite, represented by cohesive surfaces in the numerical tool, in order to complete the understanding of its mechanical behavior
Marcasuzaa, Pierre. "Composites conducteurs à base de PANI : vers une architecture contrôlée de 2D à 3D." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3047.
Повний текст джерелаIntrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are a recent category of materials which currently make strong great strides. However, their main inconvenience is their insolubility in the usual solvents. That’s why lots of studies associate them with polymer matrices to make composites. During this study, conductive blocks copolymers with controlled architecture were obtained. These copolymers consist of a "matrix" block and a second conductive block. The first part, polystyrene or polyacrylate, is synthesized by controlled radical polymerization (ATRP) to control the molecular weight (between 5 000 and 15 000 g / mol) and the polydispersity (Ip). The conductive part is an oligomer of aniline. Then, both blocks are coupled to obtain a diblock copolymer. This synthesis is realized by conventional heating (bath of oil) and under microwave irradiation. Other architecture of copolymer is realized, it consists on the graft of polyaniline onto a natural polymer, the chitosane which brings coating properties, and the possibility of realizing hydrogels by crosslinking of grafting copolymer. So a network in which the PANI is distributed in a homogeneously is obtained