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Статті в журналах з теми "Composites avec le graphite"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 лютого 2025

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1

Kourtides, D. A. "Bismaleimide-Vinylpolystyrylpyridine Graphite Composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 1, no. 1 (January 1988): 12–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089270578800100103.

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2

KOVALYSHYN, Yaroslav, Ivanna TERENYAK, and Orest PEREVIZNYK. "CAPACITIVE PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED AND NON MODIFIED THERMALLY EXPANDED GRAPHITE COMPOSITES WITH POLYANILINE." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences 2020, no. 60 (February 25, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37827/ntsh.chem.2020.60.075.

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Modified thermally exfoliated graphite with p-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate, followed by reduction of nitrophenyl groups to aminophenyl ones. Composites PAN - graphite, PAN - modified graphite at a constant value of potential 1 V were synthesized by electrochemical method. Their conditional density and electrical conductivity were determined. The electrochemical behavior in 1 M HCl solution was investigated and the capacity of synthesized composites was calculated. The conditional density of PAN composites with modified and non modified graphite increases sharply with increasing graphite content from 0 to 5%. At graphite contents higher than 5%, the density of composites varies very slightly. In the range of graphite contents 0% - 20%, the density is the highest for composites with a graphite content of 5% - 10%. In the case of modified graphite, the density of composites is higher than that of composites with non modified graphite. Analysis of the dependence of the specific conductivity on the content of modified graphite indicates that the conductivity of PAN - graphite composites increases the most with increasing graphite content from 1 to 10%. In this interval, the conductivity increases linearly. This indicates the absence of specific interactions between the components in the synthesized composites, as well as the fact that the nature of the distribution of these components does not change with changes in the graphite content. For a composite with modified graphite, there are two maximum capacities of composites with a graphite content of 2 and 10%. For a composite with non modified graphite on the obtained curves there is a maximum capacity of composites with a graphite content of 2%. Modification of the graphite surface leads to increased interaction between the components of the compo¬site, which resulted in the compaction of its structure. As a result, the capacitive characteristics of modified graphite composites, as well as CVA currents and electrical conductivity, were lower compared to composites with non modified graphite.

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3

Lambert, M. A., and L. S. Fletcher. "Thermal Conductivity of Graphite/Aluminum and Graphite/Copper Composites." Journal of Heat Transfer 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2825869.

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4

Kumar, R., and T. S. Sudarshan. "Self-Lubricating Composites: Graphite-Copper." Materials Technology 11, no. 5 (January 1996): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10667857.1996.11752698.

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5

Estrada-Moreno, I. A., C. Leyva-Porras, M. E. Mendoza-Duarte, S. G. Flores Gallardo, and J. L. Rivera-Armenta. "Graphite Nanoplatelets in Elastomer Composites." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, S2 (August 2019): 1782–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619009644.

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6

Siegrist, Marco E., and Jörg F. Löffler. "Bulk metallic glass–graphite composites." Scripta Materialia 56, no. 12 (June 2007): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.02.022.

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7

Muratov, K. R., and E. A. Gashev. "Finishing of graphite-based composites." Russian Engineering Research 35, no. 8 (August 2015): 628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x15080110.

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8

Tu, Haoming, and Lin Ye. "Thermal conductive PS/graphite composites." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 20, no. 1 (January 2009): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1236.

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9

Jiang, Tao. "Investigation of Microstructural Features and Mechanical Characteristics of the Pressureless Sintered B4C/C(Graphite) Composites and the B4C-SiC-Si Composites Fabricated by the Silicon Infiltration Process." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 4853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144853.

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The B4C/C(graphite) composites were fabricated by employing a pressureless sintering process. The pressureless sintered B4C/C(graphite) composites exhibited extremely low mechanical characteristics. The liquid silicon infiltration technique was employed for enhancing the mechanical property of B4C/C(graphite) composites. Since the porosity of the B4C/C(graphite) composites was about 25–38%, the liquid silicon was able to infiltrate into the interior composites, thereby reacting with B4C and graphite to generate silicon carbide. Thus, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and residual silicon were sintered together forming B4C-SiC-Si composites. The pressureless sintered B4C/C(graphite) composites were transformed into the B4C-SiC-Si composites following the silicon infiltration process. This work comprises an investigation of the microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical characteristics of the pressureless sintered B4C/C(graphite) composites and B4C-SiC-Si composites. The XRD data demonstrated that the pressureless sintered bulks were composed of the B4C phase and graphite phase. The pressureless sintered B4C/C(graphite) composites exhibited a porous microstructure, an extremely low mechanical property, and low wear resistance. The XRD data of the B4C-SiC-Si specimens showed that silicon infiltrated specimens comprised a B4C phase, SiC phase, and residual Si. The B4C-SiC-Si composites manifested a compact and homogenous microstructure. The mechanical property of the B4C-SiC-Si composites was substantially enhanced in comparison to the pressureless sintered B4C/C(graphite) composites. The density, relative density, fracture strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and Vickers hardness of the B4C-SiC-Si composites were notably enhanced as compared to the pressureless sintered B4C/C(graphite) composites. The B4C-SiC-Si composites also manifested outstanding resistance to wear as a consequence of silicon infiltration. The B4C-SiC-Si composites demonstrated excellent wear resistance and superior mechanical characteristics.

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10

Shang, Yingshuang, Yunping Zhao, Yifan Liu, Ye Zhu, Zhenhua Jiang, and Haibo Zhang. "The effect of micron-graphite particle size on the mechanical and tribological properties of PEEK Composites." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316685410.

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Анотація:

The poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/graphite composites with good tribological performance were studied. When compared with pure PEEK, the PEEK/graphite composites exhibited a lower frictional coefficient, which was attributed to the layer structure of graphite, which can be easily separated or slide past each other. Considerations were given to both the coefficient of friction and wear rate, and the PEEK/graphite composites showed the optimal tribological behavior when the graphite content was at 25 wt%. This proportion was chosen to investigate the effect of micron-graphite particle size on mechanical and tribological properties of the PEEK/graphite composites. The wear rate of the PEEK composites significantly decreased when the particle size of micron-graphite decreased. Moreover, the results showed that the wear rate had a strong dependence on the mechanical properties of the PEEK composites at the same graphite content level.

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11

Hu, Shan, Shang Yue Shen, and Hong Chang Han. "Preparation and Properties of PZN-PZT/PVDF Piezoelectric Composites Modified by Graphite." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.552.

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The graphite-modified PZN-PZT/PVDF composites were fabricated by hot-pressed process using PZN-PZT ceramic powder, PVDF and graphite powder. The effect of graphite content on the electrical properties of the piezoelectric composites was investigated. The results indicated that the piezoelectric constant d33 could be enhanced obviously by adding suitable content of graphite into the composites. When 0.8wt% graphite was added, the PZN-PZT/PVDF composites showed the excellent properties: σ=3.31×10-6S/m, εr=133, tanδ=0.066, Kp=0.228, Qm=22.8 and d33=40.6pC/N, which showed 28% higher than that of the composites without graphite.

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12

Zhao, Haijun, Lei Liu, Yiping Tang, Bin Shen, and Wenbin Hu. "Investigation of Cu-graphite composites prepared by electroforming." International Journal of Materials Research 97, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2006-0176.

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Abstract In this work, Cu-graphite composites were prepared by electroforming technology in an acidic copper sulfate bath with graphite particles in suspension. The factors affecting the codeposition of graphite particles with copper were studied. At a particle concentration of 20 g l –1, a current density of 3 A dm– 2 and a stirring rate of 100 min–1 graphite content in the composites was 21.7 vol.%.Microhardness and friction coefficient of the composites decreased with increasing graphite content. However, wear mass-loss decreased, but increased with graphite content above 21.7 vol.%. The wear mechanisms of pure Cu and Cu-graphite composites were adhesive wear and delaminating wear, respectively.

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13

Rajkumar, K., and S. Aravindan. "Effect of Sliding Speed on Tribological Properties of Microwave Sintered Copper-Graphite Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1305.

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Effects of graphite content, and sliding speed on the tribological characteristics of copper-graphite composites under dry sliding condition were evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The worn surfaces of the composites were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed the improvement in wear resistance with increasing graphite content. The friction coefficient is also gradually decreasing upto 25 vol% graphite. Sliding speed has an effect on copper (5-15 vol%) graphite composites where as sliding speed has no effect in copper-(20-30 vol%) graphite composites. This difference is attributed to availability of self-lubricating graphite layer at the contact zone.

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14

Liu, Yuan, Wenjun Li, Yan Cui, Yukun Yang, and Jipeng Yang. "Theoretical analysis of interfacial design and thermal conductivity in graphite flakes/Al composites with various interfacial coatings." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0152.

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Abstract Graphite flakes/Al composites are promising thermal management materials due to high thermal conductivity (TC) in basal plane orientation, matched coefficient of thermal expansion, and good machinability. In this article, the acoustic mismatch model and the effective medium approach are applied to predict the influence of different interfacial coatings on the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) and the TC of graphite flakes/Al composites, respectively. With the increase in the thickness of interfacial coatings, the ITC and the TC of graphite flakes/Al composites decrease. For the composites with Ni, Cr/Cr7C3/Cr3C2, Si/SiC, Ti/TiC, WC, and Mo/Mo2C coatings, the ITC is sensitive to coating thickness. In order to obtain ideal TC of graphite flakes/Al composites, the thickness of the coatings should be controlled below 1 μm. It is reasonable that the TC of the graphite flakes/Al composites increases as the volume fraction of graphite flakes increases. The TC of the graphite flakes/Al composites increases with the ITC and changes slowly when the ITC increases to a certain extent. Si/SiC and WC coatings are proposed to be the most promising candidates to improve the thermal performance of graphite flakes/Al composites.

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15

Kopelevich, Y., R. R. da Silva, J. H. S. Torres, S. Moehlecke, and M. B. Maple. "High-temperature local superconductivity in graphite and graphite–sulfur composites." Physica C: Superconductivity 408-410 (August 2004): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.039.

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16

Donaldson, S. L. "Fracture toughness testing of graphite/epoxy and graphite/PEEK composites." Composites 16, no. 2 (April 1985): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(85)90616-0.

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17

Atiqah, T. N., S. J. Tan, K. L. Foo, A. G. Supri, A. M. M. Al Bakri, and Y. M. Liew. "Effect of graphite loading on properties of polyaniline/graphite composites." Polymer Bulletin 75, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2031-1.

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18

SUN, Yang, Yan WANG, Yun LI, Ke-chao ZHOU, and Lei ZHANG. "Tribological behaviors of Ag−graphite composites reinforced with spherical graphite." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 30, no. 8 (August 2020): 2177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(20)65370-5.

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19

Rus, Anika Zafiah M., Nur Munirah Abdullah, M. F. L. Abdullah, and M. Izzul Faiz Idris. "Graphite/Bio-Based Epoxy Composites: The Mechanical Properties Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.115.

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Graphite reinforced bio-based epoxy composites with different particulate fractions of graphite were investigated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The graphite content was varied from 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% by weight percent in the composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depend on dispersion condition of the treated graphite filler, aggregate structure and strong interfacial bonding between treated graphite in the bio-based epoxy matrix. The composites showed improved tensile strength and elastic modulus with increase treated graphite weight loading. This also revealed the composites with increasing filler content was decreasing the elongation at break.

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20

Deng, Xin, Du Xin Li, Jin Wang, and Jun Yang. "Polyamide 6/Polyurethane/Graphite Composites Prepared by Anionic Polymerization Process. I. Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.40.

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Polyamide 6/polyurethane/graphite composites have been prepared by anionic polymerization process. The effect of graphite concentration on mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The test results show that with increment of graphite content, tensile strength of the composites increases firstly, and then decreases, while notch impact strength decreases. The change of mechanical properties of the composites is attributed to the dispersion of graphite, the interfacial properties between the matrix and graphite and the nucleation effect of graphite. In addition, the relationships between loss factor(Tan δ), storage module(E’) and temperature were investigated using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMTA), and the morphological characteristic of the composites were studied using Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM).

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21

Jin, Yong Ping, and Ming Hu. "Microstructures of Graphite/Copper Composites Prepared by Mechanical Milling and Hot Extrusion." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1747.

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To obtain graphite/copper composites with excellent microstructures, preparation process including mechanical milling, compact compressing, vacuum hot pressed sintering and hot extrusion had been put forward. Effect of milling time and hot extrusion on microstructures of composites had been analyzed and investigated by optical microscope. The results show that after mechanical milling, refined and uniform distributed graphite phase could optimize microstructures of composites. While increasing extrusion ratio, graphite particles and graphite fibers in longitudinal cross-section of composites could be refined effectively. Under of the same conditions, grain size of copper in graphite/copper composites is larger when raising extrusion temperature.

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22

Sato, Hisashi, Wei Wei, Kazuaki Oguri, Motoko Yamada, and Yoshimi Watanabe. "Fabrication of Self-Lubricating Cu-Based Composite Containing Graphite Particle by Centrifugal Mixed-Powder Casting." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1579.

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Reduction of frictional coefficient at sliding position can improve wear resistance of material. In previous studies, Cu-based composites containing graphite particles have been reported. Since graphite is better lubrication material, the Cu-based composites containing graphite particles have better wear property comparing with the pure Cu. However, these composites are mainly fabricated by sintering method and its strength is relatively low. In this study, Cu-based composites containing graphite particles are fabricated by centrifugal mixed-powder casting. The centrifugal mixed-powder casting is novel centrifugal casting method combined with powder metallurgy. Using this casting method, the Cu-based composites containing graphite particles are successfully obtained. The graphite particles are distributed in the Cu matrix and no casting defects are observed. Moreover, wear resistance of these Cu-based composites are much better than pure Cu, and the frictional coefficient between these composites and bearing steel as the counter part is reduced by dispersion of the graphite particles. Furthermore, it is found that the optimum area fraction of the graphite particles to improve the wear resistance of the present Cu-based composite is from 15% to 21%.

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23

Sun, Jian Wei, Li Qin Wang, and Le Gu. "Tribological Performance of PTFE Composites Filled with Spherical-Graphite." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1184.

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The tribologcial performance of PTFE composites filled with different contents of spherical-graphite and Flake-graphite were comparatively evaluated on MM-200 test rig in block-on-ring configuration under dry condition. The microstructures of worn surfaces of PTFE composites were examined with SEM, and wear mechanisms was also analyzed. The changes of notched impact strength with the content changed were also considered. The results show that the tribological performance of spherical-graphite was better than flake-graphite with same weight filled: The friction coefficient of spherical-graphite, about 0.10~0.15, was under flake-graphite, about 0.12~0.18; the wear rate of spherical-graphite was lower than flake-graphite at each content. Notched impact strength of spherical-graphite was from 7.0kJ/m2 to 8.7 kJ/m2 with the content increased, while flake-graphite was fall rapidly from 8.5kJ/m2 to 3.0kJ/m2 with the content added more than 5wt. %.

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24

Rajkumar, K., and S. Santosh. "Effect of Nano and Micro Graphite Particle on Tribological Performance of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.917.

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Al-graphite and Al-Nanographite particulate metal matrix composites were prepared by two step stir casting method. The reinforced particulates in the metal matrix composites varied from 5% to 10% by volume fraction. Tribological performances of these composites were evaluated based on graphite particle size and normal load using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Al-Nanographite composites show higher load withstanding capacity and low coefficient of friction compared to aluminium graphite composites by the way of forming a thick graphite layer at the contact surface.

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25

Opálek, Andrej, Štefan Emmer, Roman Čička, Naďa Beronská, Peter Oslanec, and Jaroslav Kováčik. "Structure and Thermal Expansion of Cu−90 vol. % Graphite Composites." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 7089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14227089.

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Copper–graphite composites are promising functional materials exhibiting application potential in electrical equipment and heat exchangers, due to their lower expansion coefficient and high electrical and thermal conductivities. Here, copper–graphite composites with 10–90 vol. % graphite were prepared by hot isostatic pressing, and their microstructure and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were experimentally examined. The CTE decreased with increasing graphite volume fraction, from 17.8 × 10−6 K−1 for HIPed pure copper to 4.9 × 10−6 K−1 for 90 vol. % graphite. In the HIPed pure copper, the presence of cuprous oxide was detected by SEM-EDS. In contrast, Cu–graphite composites contained only a very small amount of oxygen (OHN analysis). There was only one exception, the composite with 90 vol. % graphite contained around 1.8 wt. % water absorbed inside the structure. The internal stresses in the composites were released during the first heating cycle of the CTE measurement. The permanent prolongation and shape of CTE curves were strongly affected by composition. After the release of internal stresses, the CTE curves of composites did not change any further. Finally, the modified Schapery model, including anisotropy and the clustering of graphite, was used to model the dependence of CTE on graphite volume fraction. Modeling suggested that the clustering of graphite via van der Waals bonds (out of hexagonal plane) is the most critical parameter and significantly affects the microstructure and CTE of the Cu–graphite composites when more than 30 vol. % graphite is present.

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26

Wu, Lin Li, Wen Jing Yang, Jian Rong Xu, and Guang Chun Yao. "Wear Resistance of Graphite / Aluminium Composites that Prepared by Stirring Casting." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.333.

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The graphite reinforced aluminum matrix composites were prepared by using stir-casting in this paper, with bulk alloy of ZL111, reinforcement of graphite particles coated with oxide, and the friction behavior was investigated perfectly. The results indicated that, the aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 6 wt.% graphite particles coated with oxide have a good property of self-lubrication under the condition of dry friction with a pressure of 40 N, a relative rate of 2.62 m/s of frictional backing gear, a wear time of 60 min, in addition, the friction factor and the wear capacity of the graphite / aluminum matrix composites were less than those of bulk alloy. Moreover, the friction factor and the wear capacity of the graphite / aluminum matrix composites decreased with an increase in mass fraction of the graphite coated with oxide, and the friction factor of composites became bigger while the fraction of the graphite particles was over 6wt.%.

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27

Ramanujam, BTS, S. Radhakrishnan, and SD Deshpande. "Polypropylene-based conducting nanocomposites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 6 (November 5, 2015): 840–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715614063.

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Powder-mixed polypropylene (PP)–graphite binary composites exhibit an electrical percolation threshold at 10 wt% graphite signifying insulator-semiconductor transition. Three conducting fillers such as carbon black (CB), sonicated expanded graphite (s-ExGr), and carbon nanofiber (CNF) are mixed with PP-7 wt% graphite binary composites. The electrical percolation threshold has been found to have inverse relation to the aspect ratio of second conducting fillers in hybrid composites. The aspect ratio of second conducting fillers varies in the order CB < ExGr < CNF. The electrical percolation threshold is found to vary for the hybrid composites as 2.2 wt% for CB addition, 0.75 wt% for ExGr addition, and 0.2 wt% for CNF addition in the PP-7 wt% graphite binary composites. When the aspect ratio of second conducting fillers increases, they reduce the barrier for the charge transport. The second conducting fillers occupy the interspace of graphite and alternating current studies show that the effective dielectric constant increases with the concentration of second conducting filler in the hybrid composites. The composites are characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Melt-crystallized PP-7 wt% graphite-CNF composites exhibit higher percolation threshold due to decrease in the polymer viscosity which increases the interparticulate distance.

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28

Pan, Xiaoyan. "Study on preparation and properties of nanocrystalline TiO₂/graphite photocatalytic composite by mechanochemistry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2539, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2539/1/012057.

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Abstract Graphite-modified TiO2 composite is a promising photocatalyst in environmental purification. In this study, TiO2/graphite photocatalytic composites were prepared by mechanochemistry using natural flake graphite and nanocrystalline TiO2 as raw materials. The composites were examined by X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The photoelectrochemical properties of the composites were investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photocurrent response. The influences of the content and premilling time of graphite on the photocatalytic properties of the composites were studied through the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue. The results showed that graphite was exfoliated and broken during ball milling, and defects of graphite increased with the extension of milling time. In the composite, there is no solid solution of carbon atoms in TiO2 lattice. The photocatalytic results indicated that a proper amount of graphite could improve the photocatalytic behavior of TiO2. The TiO2/graphite composite containing 1wt% graphite exhibited the best photocatalytic behavior. The pretreatment of graphite by ball milling could enhance the photocatalytic behavior of the TiO2/graphite composite and the optimal premilling time of graphite was 4 hours.

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29

Guo, Hai-Xia, and Jian-Feng Yang. "Fabrication and Tribological Properties of Mesocarbon Microbead–Cu Friction Composites." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020463.

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Graphite–metal composites have been used as friction materials owing to their self-lubricity, which is ascribed to the weak interlayer bonding of graphite. To overcome the shortage of graphite flake (GrF)-filled composites of having low tribological properties, graphite-Cu composites with mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) as the solid lubricant are developed in this paper. The MCMB–Cu composites have a lower friction coefficient and wear rate than do the GrF–Cu composites taken as reference materials, exhibiting a better self-lubricating performance. Microstructural analysis indicates that the relatively weaker interlayer bonding of the MCMB, smooth interface between the MCMB and matrix, and more cementite formation thorough reaction of MCMB and iron are the key factors behind the enhanced tribological properties. In addition, both the friction coefficients and wear rates of the two groups of composites gradually decrease with the graphite content. This work opens an avenue for designing desirable graphite-based metal friction materials.

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30

Kimura, Hajime, Keiko Ohtsuka, and Akihiro Matsumoto. "Performance of Graphite Filled Composite Based on Benzoxazine Resin. II. Decreasing the Moulding Time of the Composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 20, no. 8 (October 2012): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111202000807.

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To put the fuel cell to practical use, it is necessary to reduce its cost for the production of the bipolar plate as one of the components in the cell. Decreasing the moulding (cure) time of the graphite filled composites as a bipolar plate can increase its productivity. In this study, we aimed to decrease the moulding (cure) time of graphite-filled composites based on benzoxazine resin for the bipolar plate. Therefore, phenol novolac resin was added to benzoxazine resin as a curing accelerator. Expanded graphite was used for the preparation of the graphite-filled composites. The composites were prepared by means of the compression moulding of mixtures of graphite and benzoxazine resin containing phenol novolac as a curing accelerator. The properties of the graphite filled composites based on benzoxazine resin containing phenol novolac as a curing accelerator were characterised by mechanical properties, gas permeability and electrical conductivity. As a result, the curing reaction of benzoxazine resin containing phenol novolac as a curing accelerator could proceed more rapidly than that of only benzoxazine resin, and the moulding (cure) time of the composite was decreased. It was found that phenol novolac was an effective moulding accelerator of the graphite filled composites based on benzoxazine resin, and that it could increase the productivity of the bipolar plate using the graphite filled composite based on benzoxazine resin. It was also found that graphite filled composites based on benzoxazine resin containing phenol novolac as a curing accelerator showed good gas impermeability, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties compared with those of the graphite-filled composites based on the conventional phenolic resins.

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31

de Souza, Clarissa F. M., Janaina L. Leite, Gean V. Salmoria, and António Sergio Pouzada. "Influence of Graphite and Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Cast Epoxy Composites." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.909.

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This study evaluates the influence of graphite and multi-wall carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and electric properties of cast epoxy resin. The epoxy resin based composites were prepared with various graphite and MWNCT content up to 5.0%. Specimens were characterized by DMA, SEM and electric resistivity tests. The observation of fracture surfaces showed a reasonable dispersion of graphite and MWCNT into the epoxy matrix. The graphite and MWCNT have almost the same effect in the electric conductivity of the epoxy composites at low content (0.2 and 0.5 %). The MWCNT composites seem to reach percolation at concentrations near 0.5 % whereas graphite composites reach it at 2%. Higher concentration of graphite and MWCNT have limited effect in the electric conductivity but reduces mechanical properties.

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32

Armanios, Erian A. "Interlaminar Fracture in Graphite/Epoxy Composites." Key Engineering Materials 37 (January 1991): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.37.85.

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33

Reddy, S. P., and K. Sai Sarath. "Charecterstics of Al-15% Graphite Composites." International Review of Applied Engineering Research 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.37622/iraer/3.2.2013.171-176.

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34

Jin, Yong Ping, and Bin Guo. "Graphite/Copper Composites with High Density." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.475.

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It is a difficult problem how to obtain the density of powder metallurgy products. Sintering billets had been prepared by mechanical milled graphite/copper compound powders firstly. Their microstructures had been analyzed by such means as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. Influence of technological parameters on relative density had also been investigated. The results show that sintering of non-milled powders are intensely affected by sintering temperature, contrary to mechanical milled compound powders. Hot pressed sintering under vacuum can promote densification effectively. By prolonging time, elevating temperature or pressure of hot pressed sintering, relative density of sintering billets can be increased accordingly. Under the same conditions, relative density decreases with mechanical milling time of compound powders.

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35

Kim, H. S., and H. T. Hahn. "Graphite Nanoplatelets Interlayered Carbon/Epoxy Composites." AIAA Journal 47, no. 11 (November 2009): 2779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.39522.

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36

Ramanujam, BTS, and S. Radhakrishnan. "Solution-blended polyethersulfone–graphite hybrid composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 28, no. 6 (January 7, 2014): 835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705713518784.

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37

Serra, N., T. Maeder, and P. Ryser. "Piezoresistive effect in epoxy-graphite composites." Procedia Engineering 25 (2011): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.058.

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38

Serra, N., T. Maeder, and P. Ryser. "Piezoresistive effect in epoxy–graphite composites." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 186 (October 2012): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2012.04.025.

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39

Sanad, A. A. "Wear resistance of copper-graphite composites." Metal Powder Report 57, no. 7-8 (July 2002): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(02)80375-7.

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40

Tucker, Wayne C. "Crystal Formation on Graphite/Polymer Composites." Journal of Composite Materials 22, no. 8 (August 1988): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199838802200803.

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41

Afanasov, I. M., V. A. Morozov, A. N. Seleznev, and V. V. Avdeev. "Conductive composites based on exfoliated graphite." Inorganic Materials 44, no. 6 (May 30, 2008): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168508060101.

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42

Krupa, I., and I. Chodák. "Physical properties of thermoplastic/graphite composites." European Polymer Journal 37, no. 11 (November 2001): 2159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3057(01)00115-x.

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43

Xiao, Jin-Kun, Lei Zhang, Ke-Chao Zhou, and Xin-Ping Wang. "Microscratch behavior of copper–graphite composites." Tribology International 57 (January 2013): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2012.07.004.

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44

Monakhova, T. V., P. M. Nedorezova, T. A. Bogayevskaya, V. I. Tsvetkova, and Yu A. Shlyapnikov. "Thermooxidative destruction of polypropylene-graphite composites." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 30, no. 11 (January 1988): 2589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(88)90031-7.

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45

Kováčik, J., Š. Emmer, and J. Bielek. "Thermal conductivity of Cu-graphite composites." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 90 (April 2015): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.12.017.

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46

Baker, A. A., R. Jones, and R. J. Callinan. "Damage tolerance of graphite/epoxy composites." Composite Structures 4, no. 1 (January 1985): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(85)90018-2.

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47

Zhao, Jian-guo, Ke-zhi Li, He-jun Li, Chuang Wang, and Feng Feng. "Carbon composites reinforced by graphite grains." Journal of Nuclear Materials 375, no. 2 (April 2008): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.12.004.

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48

Long, Chun-guang, Wen-Xian Liu, and Xia-Yu Wang. "Studies on POM/graphite/Ekonol composites." Bulletin of Materials Science 26, no. 6 (October 2003): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704318.

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49

Motozuka, S., M. Tagaya, T. Ikoma, T. Yoshioka, Z. Xu, M. Morinaga, and J. Tanaka. "Mechanochemical fabrication of iron–graphite composites." Journal of Composite Materials 47, no. 10 (May 8, 2012): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998312446502.

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50

Potts, Jeffrey R., Shanthi Murali, Yanwu Zhu, Xin Zhao, and Rodney S. Ruoff. "Microwave-Exfoliated Graphite Oxide/Polycarbonate Composites." Macromolecules 44, no. 16 (August 23, 2011): 6488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma2007317.

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