Дисертації з теми "Composites à base plâtre"
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Eve, Sophie. "Comportement à la prise et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites à base de plâtre." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2068.
Повний текст джерелаDalmay, Pierre. "Etude physico-chimique et mécanique de composites à matrice plâtre contenant des fibres végétales." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/53a14d4c-4935-4176-9a4c-f7102d682e0b/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4071.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to study the structural, chemical and mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced plasters. The interactions at the interfaces between flax or hemp fibres and gypsum were investigated. Natural fibres, especially hemp, delayed the setting of plaster when they were used untreated. Some treatments, for exmple alkali ones, were found to be efficient to reduce the setting times of slurries. The analysis of the compounds washed from the fibres revealed mainly the presence of sugars characteristic of pectins, already known as retarder of hydraulic setting materials, like cement or plaster. Absorption kinetics of different fibres was also measured by NMR relaxometry. Regarding the mechanical properties of the composites, the best results for both elastic properties and flexural strength were obtained for 3%wt of 1 cm long flax fibres. The damaging of the composite was also studied using an acoustic emission technique
Grandjean, Jérémie. "Formulation et caractérisation de matériaux à base de liants hydrauliques utilisés dans les emballages de transport et de stockage de matières radioactives." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0012.
Повний текст джерелаROBATEL Industries company designs and products packages for highly radioactive materials. Neutron and thermal protection materials (PNT) are used in those packages to catch neutrons and to limit the increase of temperature due to radioactive materials in case of fire. These PNT are composed of a cement or a gypsum-based matrix with mineral or organic fillers. Once the neutrons have been slowed down by the hydrogen contained in the PNT, a mineral filler named colemanite enables the neutron capture thanks to its high content of boron.The first goal of this thesis is to develop analytical chemistry techniques to check the chemical homogeneity of the PNT, which is crucial, particularly for boron. A dissolution method and two determination techniques have been developed. Another important topic in this thesis is characterization of thermal and mechanical properties. Thermal characterizations include heat of reaction, heat capacity and thermal conductivity measurements to determine the total heat absorbed by the PNT in case of fire. Mechanical characterizations include compression, bending and ultrasonic tests in order to evaluate stress to rupture and elastic moduli of PNT. Beyond the characterizations, the aim of this thesis is to improve pre-existing formulas of PNT and most importantly to propose new formulas. Two mixture designs have been carried out to increase the boron and the hydrogen concentrations of PNT. Another mixture design allowed enhancing the fluidity of a PNT using a superplasticizer. The last part of the thesis deals with the study of new cements called sulfoaluminous that show interesting properties because their hydration products are rich in hydrogen. For these three new PNT families, the increase of the setting time of cement due to boron has been restricted
Abdizadeh, Hossein. "Elaboration et caractérisation de composites duplex "Composites laminaires tri-couches à base d'alumine"." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISAL0076/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to investigate the manufacturing process of the laminated composites based on alumina: It concern to use the concept of "Functionally Gradient Materials" for conciliate the requirement of a high strength with a great reliability. The multi-layers of alumina-alumina are elaborated via the powder metallurgy technique and natural sintering. The microstructural evolution is obtained by modification of sintering conditions (temperature and time) and of doping. The outer layers possess• a fine microstructure (high strength but weak resistance of crack propagation), the microstructure of the inner layer is optimized so that offer an important R-curve behavior (locking the cracks from the outer layers). We began by elaboration of the mono-layer alumina specimens. After, a microstructural quantitative analysis in correlation with the mechanical properties for each layer, allowed us to know the optimal condition of microstructural elaboration. The duplex materials (tri-layers) are elaborated on this base. These duplex are characterized via evolution of their bending strength versus the surface flaw size (indentation) and their thermal choc resistance
Abdizadeh, Hossein Fantozzi Gilbert. "Elaboration et caractérisation de composites duplex "Composites laminaires tri-couches à base d'alumine"." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 1999. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=abdizadeh.
Повний текст джерелаRinguette, Benoît. "Matériaux composites à base de fibres de chanvre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28057/28057.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаValmalette, Jean-Christophe. "Composites thermochromes a base de dioxyde de vanadium." Toulon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUL0014.
Повний текст джерелаGiordano, Fabrice. "Sur des nanocomposites à base de matériaux naturels." CDhambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS010.
Повний текст джерелаLn this study, we synthesize a DGEBA- TETA epoxy system incorporating three different kinds of natural resources in order to improve some properties of pristine polymer. It has been found that introducing epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), toughens epoxy resin against shock due to its role as a diluant and plasticiser. Homogeneous distribution of elastomer nodule sizes through the phase separation effect leads to an increase in resistance to deformation and crack initiation in the epoxy resin. The lack of residual miscibility between DGEBA and ESO at the phase separation point is an interesting phenomenon, since it makes ESO an attractive product in polymer blends. The second part of this work deals with the modification of two montmorillonite smectite clays, a commercial one called N757, and another one extracted from quarries in the Vietnamese province of Lâm Dông, in order to make them exploitable for nanocomposite applications. The Montmorillonite surface modification technique used is a novel treatment by intercalation of the curing agent TETA which is based on the electrostatic interaction between the original exchangeable montmorillonite cations and TETA. The efficiency of surface modification with TETA is confirmed by the formation of an intermediate exfoliated state in the final nanocomposite. The third part of the thesis focuses on bacterial cellulose, a natural material made of a nanometric fibrillar network. To reduce the hydrophilic nature of cellulose surfaces, a novel chemical grafting process, described as a "chromatogenic chemistry" method, is carried out to provide stronger interfacial adhesion with the polymer. The Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) method has been used to show the efficiency of this method in the case of aged samples
Mouyane, Mohamed. "NOUVEAUX MATERIAUX COMPOSITES POUR ELECTRODES NÉGATIVES A BASE D'ETAIN." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357324.
Повний текст джерелаL'objectif de cette thèse consiste à élaborer de nouveaux matériaux composites, synthétisés par dispersion ex situ de l'étain dans une matrice inactive (CaSiO3).
Les performances du composite de référence sélectionné ‘‘Sn-0,4 CaSiO3'' sont intéressantes : capacité massique réversible de 480 mAh.g-1 et faible polarisation de 140 mV. Cependant, la perte au premier cycle (146 mAh.g-1) est encore trop importante et la tenue en cyclage insuffisante. Pour comprendre les causes de ces deux phénomènes nous avons entrepris l'étude détaillée du mécanisme mis en jeu au cours du premier cycle de restructuration en couplant différentes techniques expérimentales.
Les études montrent que le régime influe sur l'étape de restructuration. En régime C/50, la formation d'alliages intermédiaires stables, riches en étain, type LiSn, entraîne une restructuration moins performante que celle réalisée en régime C/10.
Nous avons montré que la modification de la matrice de dispersion joue un rôle important sur les paramètres électrochimiques et en particulier sur la perte au premier cycle. Ainsi l'utilisation d'un borosilicate de sodium, plus conducteur, réduit nettement cette perte (90 mAh.g-1).
Mouyane, Mohamed. "Nouveaux matériaux composites pour électrodes négatives à base d'étain." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20180.
Повний текст джерелаMenessier, Erik. "Matériaux composites à matrice vitreuse ou vitrocéramique base silice." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10710.
Повний текст джерелаDelcamp, Adrien. "Protection de fibres base SiC pour composites à matrice céramique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13729/document.
Повний текст джерелаContinuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CFCCs) are an important class of materials for structural applications at elevated temperatures because of their improved flaw tolerance, large fracture resistance, improved toughness by crack deflection and crack bridging mechanism, low density and noncatastrophic mode of failure comparing with metallic materials. Fibers play a critical role in both the processing and performance of CFCCs. SiC-based fibers are considered leading candidate materials in the aerospace application, such as engine turbines. However, the major shortcoming of SiC-based fibers is their oxidative embrittlement and degradation, which is caused by the oxygen ingression from the micro cracks and interstitials in the composites, is the dominant life-limiting phenomenon of non-oxide composites. This study carried out with the financial supply of both Snecma Propulsion Solide and Agence De l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie has for objective to integrate SiC-based as reinforcement in CFCCs for civil aircraft engine application. In order to reach this objective, it is imperative to find a novel approach to diminish the oxygen ingression by developing protective fiber coatings
Ly, El Hadji Babacar. "Nouveaux matériaux composites thermoformables à base de fibres de cellulose." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268828.
Повний текст джерелаBorkar, Tushar Murlidhar. "Processing and Characterization of Nickel-Carbon Base Metal Matrix Composites." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500026/.
Повний текст джерелаMarteau, Aurélien. "Déphaseurs composites à base de métamatériaux accordables par films ferroélectriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10149/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of telecommunication systems requires the use of innovative technologies to design ever more efficient devices. Ferroelectric films and metamaterials-based technologies appear most promising. This thesis is divided into two parts and describes the design, fabrication and characterization of microwave structures with original properties. Metamaterials are artificial materials whose structure is small compared to the wavelength, giving access to the electromagnetic properties often no existing in nature. The backward propagation of a wave, which results in phase and group velocities with opposite sign, is probably the most important feature. After a state of the art of metamaterials, the first part deals with the design of a left-handed metamaterial in fin-line technology loaded by resonant patterns such as split rings. The width of the passband is improved by using Omega-like patterns. In these structures, we have demonstrated experimentally the existence of left-handed transmission bands, according to theoretical predictions. The second part explores the possibility of introducing tunability of metamaterials using ferroelectric thin films. A characterization of broadband frequency dispersion of the dielectric function of thin films BaSrTiO3 (50/50) was achieved up to 100 GHz. Finally, we show numerically and experimentally that the integration of these films allows the realization of tunable right-handed and left-handed composite transmission lines
Longhin, Marco. "Étude d’alliages à base de CoSi et de composites à base de polymères pour la thermoélectricité." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0002.
Повний текст джерелаWasted heat recovery through thermoelectricity can contribute to a more sustainable energetic model. For a large-scale application of thermoelectric devices, their efficiency is not the only criterion to consider; materials should be easy to synthesize and made of abundant, cheap and environmental friendly elements. Silicides and composites are little known thermoelectric materials that meet all these requirements. We studied the cobalt silicide CoSi and some alloys and composites obtained using this phase.Firstly we investigate whether nanostructuration allows increasing the thermoelectric properties of CoSi. CoSi crystallites with a size of 13 nm were synthesized by arc melting followed by mechanical milling or by mechanical alloying. These powders showed good chemical stability and a limited grain growth up to 400 °C. At higher temperatures grain coarsening is accompanied by a loss of silicon and the formation of Co2Si. The thermal conductivity of CoSi was reduced by 35% by nanostructuring. A ZT=0.15 was obtained at T=300 °C, which is higher than that of CoSi synthesized by arc melting but slightly lower than that of CoSi single crystals.Various elements were considered in order to form a solid solution with CoSi, taking into account common sense considerations and the results of ab initio calculations. We observed that Ca, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Ta, W and Pb are not soluble while Ti, V and Cu have a limited solubility. The phases Co0.85Cr0.15Si, Co0.90Mn0.10Si and CoSi0.92Zn0.08 were also synthesized but the first two have a lower power factor than CoSi.We compared three commercially available intrinsically conducting polymers: polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and polyethylene (3,4dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS). PPy demonstrated to be the best polymer to form composites containing Co0.85Fe0.15Si. The highest power factor, PF=2.5 μW/m.K2, is obtained for a volume fraction of polymer ϕ=10%, nonetheless this composition induces poor mechanical strength. The thermoelectric performances we measured were always inferior to the ones of inorganic phase, thus the main advantage of these composites is their ease of shaping
Coelho, Da Silva Mercês. "Contribution à l'étude des composites à base de fibres de cellulose." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0143.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation is a contribution of scientific knowledge on the characteristics of several by-products from a bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill and their possible valorisation as fibrous raw materials. The structural, thermal, and morphological investigations of these raw materials were carried out and the results obtained indicate that these industrial wastes can be used as potential raw materials in fiber-based applications. The introduction of the fibres into RPU did not alter their thermal stability, but enhanced their density. The use of cellulose fibres as reinforcing phase increased the resistance to compression of the resulting foam, enhanced their thermal insulation performances and their biodegradation rate
Malnoë, Thomas. "Développement et caractérisation de condensateurs nano-composites à base de tantale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S079.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of conducting polymers, especially in terms of environmental stability, has allowed them to be used in electronic devices for high value applications. That's why tantalum capacitors initially based on MnO2 cathode technology have been improved by the replacement of it with a conducting polymer. Tantalum-polymer capacitors consist of a sintered tantalum anode, an anodic tantalum oxide film as a dielectric, and a conductive polymer cathode made of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Until recently, those capacitors have been optimized only for low capacities by in situ polymerization. The next step is to reach higher capacities using an impregnated conductive polymer. Our work focused on the characterization and fabrication of capacitors. The main study focused on the characterization of each part of the tantalum-polymer capacitor via physico-chemical investigations. We studied the microstructure of the tantalum network and the properties of the commercial polymer solution to determine parameters for the dip-coating of tantalum anodes. This laboratory characterization is complemented by an assessment of the electrical performances of samples within the company. All this work has contributed to a new range of tantalum-polymer capacitors by Exxelia Tantalum Company. At the same time, a study has been performed in the synthesis of a new pair of polymers in order to replace the commercial polymer
Tuffé, Stéphane. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux composites a haute dureté et haute ténacité : - alumine/whiskers de SiC, - composites base borures." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0073.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work to elaborate new ceramics composites having both high hardness and high fracture toughness. Two types of products have been developed :Silicon carbide whiskers reinforced alumina and borides based materials having high mechanical properties. - Alumina/silicon carbide composites have attracted attention as structural materials especially for high temperature applications (i. E cutting tools). Homogeneous alumina powder/SiC whisker compact were prepared by suspension processing. The improvement of mechanical properties of composites has been studied with emphasis on the effects of the whisker content, hot pressing temperature and the whisker/matrix interface. - The effects of tungstene carbide and boron carbide contents on the sintering behaviour and mechanical properties of TiB2 ceramics have been studied. The best mechanical properties were obtained for TiB2-50 wt % B4C-10 wt % ceramics which exhibited high hardness (Hv 2600) and a three point bending strength of 630 MPa
Palmero, Paola. "Développement de nanocomposites céramiques à base d'oxydes par sol-gel." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0001/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the work is the production of ceramic nanocomposites. The experimental work was performed on the composite system Al2O3/Y3Al5O12 (YAG). In a first time, the powder syntheses parameters have been optimized and the pure phases were differently characterised. The pure YAG phase was deeply investigated and the effect of the synthesis temperature on the phases evolution and on the final product homogeneity was studied. In addition, the crystallisation kinetic was investigated for this material. Secondly, the sintering behaviour of the composite material was studied with the result of the production of a highly homogeneous material with a mean grain size of 1 micron. After thermal and mechanical pre-treatments, it was possible to significantly decrease the sintering temperature with the results of the production of fully dense material having nanosized final phases (mean grain size of 300 nm)
Palmero, Paola Fantozzi Gilbert Montanaro Laura. "Développement des nanocomposites céramiques à base d'oxydes par sol-gel." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=palmero.
Повний текст джерелаThèse rédigée en italien. Chapitre 5 en français. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 172-181.
Loste, Julien. "Elaboration de matériaux composites transparents à base de nanoparticules hybrides cœur@écorce." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3054/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe incorporation of inorganic particles into a polymer matrix confers new properties to the material or enhances significantly existing properties. However, the perceived visual appearance, such as loss of transparency, might be modified by the scattering of light by the particles. This light scattering is mainly due to the particle –or aggregates of particles- dimensions and the refractive index difference between matrix and fillers. In order to address both issues, the objective of the present work was to control simultaneously the dispersion state of the inorganic nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix and the refractive index of the nanoparticles to match the one of the matrix. To achieve this new composite, we designed hybrid core@shell nanoparticles with an inorganic core that brings new properties and a polymer shell of controlled thickness, obtained by surface-initiated nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization. The polymer shell limits the aggregation of the particles and enables us to tune the average refractive index of the hybrid core@shell particle. By controlling the thickness and the chemical nature of the polymeric shell, we targeted to match the refractive index of the hybrid core@shell particle to the one of the polymeric matrix. The nanoparticles were further dispersed into a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. Optical properties of composites were characterized by spectrogoniophotometry which gave us informations about the intensity and the angular distribution of the transmitted light by the nanocomposites. The transparency of the nanocomposites was strongly enhanced for core@shell particles fulfilling the refractive index matching conditions
Caldeira, Vincent. "Développement d'électrodes composites architecturées à base de zinc pour accumulateurs alcalins rechargeables." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI065.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this document results from a multidisciplinary study, the unique goal of which is to develop a negative electrode for alkaline rechargeable batteries. At the origin of this thesis, is the surprising discovery by EASYL of a new way to synthesize calcium zincate (CAZN), an electrochemically active material known for its good cycling characteristics in alkaline batteries. The advantage of such a discovery resides in its unique characteristics: the ultra-fast synthesis is carried out continuously, uses neither heating system nor alkaline solutions, yields pure and tailored CAZN crystals; it is therefore compatible with an industrial production of this material.Its use in a 4 Ah prismatic batteries allowed to unveil a core-shell operation mechanism, in which the electrode evolves towards an active zinc-core surrounded by a protective shell. So, if the nominal capacity remains below the theoretical one, the core of the electrode can be kept active while the surface is maintained, thus avoiding (or at least slowing down) possible dendrite formation and yielding prolonged cycle life.However, the use of calcium zincate as the only active material source is not appropriate, because the formation of the zinc-core leads to the appearance of a resistive layer of calcium hydroxide at its periphery, which reduces the overall electrochemical performance. As surprising as it may seem, it is possible to regenerate an electrode having formed such a calcium hydroxide-rich layer by a simple rest such as a stop of the battery. Nevertheless, it is preferable to avoid the formation of this resistive layer and to do so, the use of a mixture of sacrificial zinc oxide combined with calcium zincate has proven very effective, both from a morphological and an electrochemical point-of-view.However, the controlled formation of a zinc-rich core leads to zinc densification on itself; this decreases the surface of contact between the active material and the electrolyte, and thus the electrochemical performance. This negative effect has been overcome by drastically rethinking the structure of the electrode, in order to allow the formation of multiple and tailored zinc cores. To that goal, multilayers of current collector were employed, which proved simple and effective to reach high-performance and high cyclability zinc electrodes for alkaline batteries
Tephany, Christophe. "Analyse de la formabilité de renforts composites à base de fibres naturelles." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2051/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study concerns the manufacturing process of composite material from woven flax reinforcement and specifically the preforming stage of the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process, with complex geometries. During the process several deformation modes take place and several defects may appear and it is therefore important to understand the mechanisms controlling their appearance. A specific sheet forming bench has been used to characterise the formed shapes at the macroscopic scale (global defects) as well as at the mesoscopic scale (tow strains). Various process parameters (blank holder pressures and reinforcement orientation) and the local tensile strains were measured using an optical method. From the observed defects, the tow buckling, out of plane bending of tows, was particularly investigated as this one is not very much described in the litterature. An experimental setup independent of the forming process was designed to specifically study this defect and to quantify the key parameters controlling its appearance. An interferometric method was proposed to measure the size of the buckles with accuracy and a parametric study (applied tensions, bending angles, orientation and architecture of the reinforcement) has been completed. Within the reinforcement, the tensile behaviour of tows presents strong non-linearities. A finite elements model at the macroscopic scale is proposed to highlight the impact of these non-linearities on the forming modeling results. A sensitivity study under several process conditions has been realized
Muschi, Mégane. "Composites à base de metal-organic frameworks pour la capture du CO2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03003433.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to face global warming, the capture of anthropogenic CO2 is of prime importance as renewable energies cannot yet satisfy our current energy needs. Several technologies are being studied, such as the use of solid sorbents. Among these, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer interesting properties including their good affinity for CO2. In industrial processes, once CO2 has been captured, a regeneration of the material is needed to make the overall process economically viable. This regeneration step is usually achieved by heating the material, leading to CO2 desorption, however this is a high energy process. To minimize the energy required, the regeneration should be as fast as possible without hampering the sorbent’s properties. During this thesis, the main objective was to develop new MOF/graphene oxide microporous composites as efficient CO2 sorbents that can be easily regenerated under microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation enables to reach the required desorption temperature much faster and limits the risk of degradation of the porous materials. Additionally, new core-shells of flexible MOFs have been synthesized for an optimized CO2 capture under wet conditions
LAGORCE, VENDIER LAURE. "Developpement de micro-actionneurs magnetiques a base d'aimants composites a matrice polymere." Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0009.
Повний текст джерелаZenati, Rachid. "Etude des céramiques monolithiques et laminaires à base de Ce-TZP." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0003.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to develop the manufacturing process of the Ce-TZP based laminated composites: It concerns the use of the laminar concept to increase the reliability of ceramics. We begun by developing the processes of the elaboration of the monolithic materials allowing obtaining materials, in particular Ce-10%Mol TZP, with the highest possible characteristics. This material is then characterized mechanically in order to provide us a base for the comprehension of more complex the systems that form the multi-layer ones. The monolithic and the laminar materials based on Ce-TZP are elaborated by the technique of sequential slip casting by pressure filtration. The laminar composites consist of alternative layers of Ce-TZP and mixture of Ce-TZP 1 Ab03 according to the sequence Ce-TZP /Ce-TZP + Al203 /Ce-TZP / Ce-TZP + Al203 /. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /Ce-TZP. The evolution of the architecture of the laminar materials is obtained by the use of various techniques of elaboration (pressure filtration, tape casting and dip-coating). The thickness of the intercalated layers obtained by filtration is about 250 μm, in the range of 50-250 μm with tape casting and about one micron in the case of dip-coating. The laminar concept brings a consequent profit in term of reliability in our multi-layer materials based on Ce-TZP. In this case the reinforcement is due to two mechanisms: the phase transformation and the delamination
Ajrhourh, Hamid. "Adhérence et réactivité des multimatériaux à base de graphite." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0004.
Повний текст джерелаJorand, Yves. "Elaboration et caractérisation de composites dispersoïdes ternaires base alumine-zircone a vocation thermomécanique." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0077.
Повний текст джерелаZirconia particles dispersed in order to promote the mechanism of stress induced phase transformation, is one of the most effective methods for toughening alumina. But it leads to reduction of hardness, Young modulus and high temperature fracture resistance. However with carefully chosen second phase particles, improvement in bath hardness and modulus can be obtained ( according to the law of mixture). Furthermore the presence of highly re fractory hard second phase particles at the grains boundary can impede grain matrix sliding at high temperatures. In the first part we have characterized experimental and commercial alumina (Pl72SB) synthesised by ALUMINIUM ECHINEY, in order to optimise high temperature mechanical properties. In the second part, two optimal Z. T. A. Compositions have been selected and developed. Then after selection of several phases (TiC, TiCN, TiN, TiB2, B4C, VC, Cr3C2) on the basis of their physical properties, sintering tests were conducted on Z. T. A. /non-oxide temary compositions. From these preliminary results, Al203/Zr02/Cr3C2 compositions were developed and specially characterized for high temperature mechanical properties
Bassett, Julien. "Thermochemical modeling of composite materials for base substrate applications in microelectronic systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18211.
Повний текст джерелаChenniki, Walide. "Evaluation de la fiabilité de boîtiers électroniques QFN à base de nanocomposites LCP/SiO2 fonctionnalisées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0107/document.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of the development of cavities packages for electronic components, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP) offer interesting properties and compete with ceramic materials: low gas permeability, high temperature resistance, thermal stability and low dielectric constant (3.1 to 2.8 for 1 MHz and 10 GHz). This new generation of thermoplastic will compete with classic packages more expensive and open to new applications such as medical imaging for example.In this context, we propose an original approach of mineral nanoparticles functionalization (via sol-gel process) and their incorporation into the polymer matrix to modify the mechanical properties (Young's modulus and CTE) and the anisotropy. Packaging reliability is assessed using thermomechanical simulations. The goal is to establish a link between the mechanical properties of composites based on LCP and the characteristic lifetime of the package. The development of optical covers for these packages is also study to obtain a filter in the near infrared for applications in the mobile phone sector
Legrand, Nicolas. "Fatigue de composites à matrice métallique base titane à renfort unidirectionnel de fibres SiC." ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0844.
Повний текст джерелаThe primary objective of this work is to understand the physical origin of fatigue fracture at high temperature of metal matrix composites SCS6/Ti6-4, SM1140+/Ti6242 and SCS6/Ti6242. The fatigue behaviour of the material is studied in longitudinal (loading parallel to the fiber axis) and transverse (loading perpendicular to the fiber axis) orientations. In longitudinal fatigue, performed at 450 and 550°C on SCS6/Ti6-4 and SM1140+/Ti6242, three major damage mechanisms were identified : the global load transfer from matrix to fibers due to matrix cyclic softening (mechanism n°1), the local interfacial degradation close to broken (mechanim n°2) and the infuence of environment on mechanical fiber properties (mechanism n°3). Damage kinetics of these different mechanisms were identified experimentally using microscopic observations and acoustic emisson technic. A micromechanical modelling, taking into account of the statistical behaviour of fibers has confirmed and quantified influence of these mechanisms on fatigue fracture of the composite : with this model, it was demonstrated that for sufficiently high fatigue loadings (stress up to 1000 MPa), the local interfacial degradation near fiber failures may control fatigue life of the composite. At last, based on experimental acoustic emissions results, this modeling enables to predict both damage kinetics and rupture in fatigue. It is thus an interesting numerical tool to improve and optimize composite fatigue properties. As far as the transverse fatigue is concerned, it was determined in isothermal (at 600°C) and in non isothermal (between 200 and 600°C) conditions. In that orientation, damage mechanisms are due to interfacial debondings and slidings and oxidation of the carbon interface. A simple one dimensionnal "3 bars" model has been formulated (taking into account matrix viscoplasticity). It has demonstrated that cyclic viscoplasticity plays a key role in fatigue fracture along this orientation
Lepetit, Amaury. "Elaboration de matériaux composites à base de filaments de cellulose et de polyéthylène." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0057/document.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past two decades, the increase of environmental concerns and shortage of petroleum resources have provoked a growing interest in the use of natural fibers as an alternative to synthetic fibers for the reinforcement of composites. Natural fibers possess desirable specific properties including biodegradability, renewability and low-cost. In addition, they have densities much lower than synthetic fibers, which makes them interesting for different applications ranging from automotive parts to packaging. Despite their benefits, certain drawbacks such as incompatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix, a tendency to form aggregates during processing and a poor resistance to moisture absorption, reduce the potential of these fibers to be used as a reinforcement of hydrophobic thermoplastic matrices.This thesis aims to substitute glass fibers by cellulose fibers for their use in fiber-reinforced composites. Reinforcement of LDPE composites with cellulose filaments (CF), supplied by our industrial partner Kruger, was studied. CF appear to an interesting alternative to glass fibers because they possess desirable specific properties including biodegradability, low density, high tensile strength and modulus as well as providing a low-cost and renewable option. However, the weak interfacial adhesion between CF and LDPE, and the high moisture absorption of CF led us to carry out several chemical modifications of CF in order to increase their hydrophobicity. Modified CF-composites exhibit higher mechanical properties and lower water uptake than unmodified CF-composites. Results obtained from acetylation, alkylation and paper sizing are described in this manuscript
Mebarki, Fouzia. "Caractérisation des propriétés diélectriques de matériaux composites à base de polyéthylène téréphtalate recyclé." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1032/1/MEBARKI_Fouzia.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Amor Anis. "Caractérisation du comportement hygromécanique des panneaux composites à base de bois finis asymétriquement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26760/26760.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSaad, Houda. "Développement de bio-composites à base de fibres végétales et de colles écologiques." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3039/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe integration of natural cellulosic fibers from annual plants and agricultural residues and agro-industrial materials in the development of composite structures and the development of new bio-based adhesives, are now a research field with growing interest. The thesis was conducted within the framework of "Eco-panels" program, which its two main objectives were firstly, to enhance plant fibers of Tunisian origin as alfa, rush and palm leaflets and then to evaluate the potential of Tunisian plant species whose bark is rich in tannins (pomegranate fruit, sumac roots and Aleppo pine trunk). The characterization studies of fibers showed that their densities are less than 1. The calculation of the fiber saturation point (FSP) shows values mostly between 60 and 100 %. We were also able to characterize the impregnation kinetics of water for each of these fibers. The impregnation stabilizes after 24 h of immersion. Rich in minerals (concentrations greater than 1 %), the fibers showed levels of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose comparable to those generally encountered with wood fibers. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the plant matrices are thermally stable for temperatures below 200 ° C. The colorimetric assay of the polyphenolic composition of tanniferous matrices, the infrared analysis and the structural study of the tannins extract, as well as the calculation of "Stiasny number" show the high content in hydrolysable tannins for pomegranate barks and richness of Aleppo pine trunk barks and sumac roots barks in condensed tannins. The study by TGA of the thermal properties of tannins extracts shows that Aleppo pine and sumac tannins are thermally more stable than those of pomegranate. The formulation made from hexamine and Aleppo pine tannins has the greatest elasticity modulus. While the formulation prepared from pomegranate tannins forms the least dense network. These results were confirmed by the study of the shear strength. The study conducted on fiber-plaster composites (implementation and physico-mechanical characterization of composites) showed that local fiber could be an alternative to imported fibers used currently. A first characterization of the thermal conductivity of insulation panels made from local plant fibers and tannins adhesives shows an average conductivity of 0,106 W / Km
Lavergne, Claudine. "Etude par spectroscopies diélectriques de matériaux composites à base polymère à finalité électrotechnique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30012.
Повний текст джерелаOkrasa, Lidia. "Relaxations moléculaires de composites polymères anisotropes à base de dérivés cellulosiques cristaux liquides." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10021.
Повний текст джерелаSarasua, José-Ramon. "Micromécanique des matériaux composites à base de polymères thermoplastiques et de fibres courtes." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10646.
Повний текст джерелаDEFLISQUE, LAURENCE. "Caracterisation d'outils ceramiques composites base alumine, en tournage de materiaux difficiles a usiner." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2071.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Baptiste. "Concept de composites magnétoélectriques hybrides base polymère : piézoélectricité organique-inorganique et couplage magnétique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30245.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is the elaboration and analysis of hybrid magnetoelectric polymer-based composite. Two different types of composites have been studied: Firstly, a two-phase system with an electroactive matrix (P(VDF-TrFE)) and magnetic particles (Ni); secondly, a system based on a nonelectroactive matrix (α-PVDF), piezoelectric particles (NaNbO3) and magnetic particles (Ni). The influence of Ni particles aspect ratio has been carefully studied. An original process of mild polyol reduction under low static magnetic field has been proposed in order to generate magnetic growth of nickel nanochains (NNCs). Electrical percolation threshold has been determined at 2.3 vol % for the NNCs. This value allows us to determine the maximum fraction of nickel in composites in order to remain insulating. Thus, the composites may be polarized and then they can exhibit piezoelectric properties. Piezoelectric coefficient d33 shows significant values up to 5.8 pC N-1 for the P(VDFTrFE)/Ni composite and 4.5 pCN-1 for the α-PVDF/NaNbO3/Ni composite. In both cases, high aspect ratio nickel particles leads to a decrease of d33 due the stiffening of the matrix. Magnetic properties such as remnant magnetization and coercive field are improved with particles aspect ratio as compared to spherical particles. This enhancement appears more clearly when composites are processed thanks to the particles orientation due to the fabrication process. Coupling ME properties have been measured for both types of composites which exhibit a strong ME response. In P(VDF-TrFE) based composite, the highest coupling (αME =4.2Vm-1Oe-1 ) is obtained with high aspect ratio nickel nanowires (250). The αME reaches up to 4.7Vm-1Oe-1 in the three-phase composite and the best coupling is measured with NiNPs. The obtained values are of the same order of magnitude for both composites. The specific interest of the three-phase composite is to allow the use of higher temperatures
Torrecillas, Ramon. "Elaboration, caractérisations microstructurale et mécanique des composites céramiques à base mullite et zircon." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0116.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of this investigation are the following: i) The evaluation of the parameters affecting the mechanical behavior of mullite and zircon ceramic composites. The following composites bave been selected : - Mullite obtained by natural sintering - Mullite-Zircone obtained by natural sintering - Mullite-zircone obtained by reaction-sintering - Zircon obtained by natural sintering - Zircon-alumine - Zircon-zircone ii) To stablish the relationships between characteristical properties and behavior in order to design structural materials for high temperature applications
Gningue, Diariatou. "Protection de photoelectrodes semiconductrices par des composites a base de polymeres organiques conducteurs." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066260.
Повний текст джерелаHu, Lei. "Utilisation des lignines industrielles comme renfort dans les composites à base de polyéthylène." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25543.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD project was carried out to promote the use of industrial lignins in polyethylene biocomposites production, which contributes to decease the generation of greenhouse gases by replacement of synthetic by renewable source polymers. Several methods were developed to improve the compatibility between industrial lignins and polyethylene. In the first part of this work, a literature review is presented in order to clarify the effect of lignin addition on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of thermoplastic materials. The existing methods of enhancing lignin-based composites' compatibility are also summarized. Afterwards, four compatibilization approaches for Kraft lignin-HDPE composites are investigated: partial esterification of lignin, surface esterification of lignin, catalytic grafting of polyethylene onto lignin surface, and adding a modified copolymer based on poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) (SEBS). It was found that modified SEBS behaved as compatibilizers for Kraft lignin-HDPE composites, whereas the other three methods failed to increase the mechanical properties of the composites. The second part was devoted to the development of new unreactive compatibilizers based on SEBS for lignin-polyethylene composites. SEBS was subjected to nitration followed by amination in order to obtain functionalized copolymers (SEBS-NO2 and SEBS-NH2). SEBS-NO2 is shown to be less efficient than SEBS-NH2, the latter displaying compatibilizing efficiency comparable to that of a reactive compatibilizer (MAPE). The morphological and mechanical properties of lignin-polyethylene composites are improved by adding SEBS-NH2. Finally, a facile and low-cost method to improve the compatibility of lignin-polyethylene is suggested and investigated, which is radical-mediated melt grafting. It is confirmed that free-radical treatment exerted negative effects on the mechanical properties of neat HDPE. However, melt grafting efficiently improves the compatibility of the composites containing up to 60 wt% of Kraft lignin or esterified lignin. A detailed study of the effect of lignin esterification and adding free-radical generator on the properties of the composites is reported. Keywords: Lignins; polyethylene; composites; compatibilization; greenhouse gases.
Charmont, Fatma. "Contribution à l’étude des composites a base de liants pouzzolaniques et de bambou." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0066.
Повний текст джерелаThi s research contributes to the elaboration of materials of construction whose purpose is to valorize in one side, abundant raw materials in developing countries, the "laterite" and in other side, an abundant vegetable in the same regions, the "bamboo". The binders composed with 50 % of artificial Portland cement and 50 % of burnt laterite present sufficiently important tensile strengths, due to the hydrated gehlenite, and acceptable compressive strengths to be used with the bamboo as reinforcement. Also, from the chemical point, this vegetable is less affected in the mixed binder than in the artificial Portland cement. The adjusting of a calculation method based on the limit-state of use allow to size structural elements in bending and indicate the limit of their use. The employment of such elements allow to foresee interesting perspectives in the traditional building of developing countries
Florianova, Eva. "Traitements thermomécaniques, microstructure et propriétés supraconductrices des composites à base de Nb-Ti." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-105.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMusa, Ishaq. "Propriétés optiques de nanostructures et composites de polymères à base d'oxyde de zinc." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=15e243b4-2dfe-49f7-9172-f8c9e9b62259.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures. In addition, composite thin films made by incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into conjugated polymer have also been fabricated and studied by optical characterization with special focus on PL measurements. Well-crystallized plate-like and bare ZnO nanoparticles of various sizes (3. 5 - 20 nm) were synthesized by different chemical routes without surface modification. The morphology and structure of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). Strikingly, the intensity of the defect-related emission band is enhanced when the particle size is reduced. In a parallel manner, the energies of near band edge (NBE) UV emission and absorption onsets are blue shifted. The dynamical behavior of exciton confinement is reflected by very a short decay time of the NBE exciton, and by long-lived, multiexponential, intrinsic-defect emission in the green spectral range. This temporal investigation of PL gives strong indication that a quantum confinement effect exists in the electronic structure of ZnO nanoparticles well above the exciton Bohr radius, lasting at subnano/or nanosecond time scales. The observed size dependence of the UV and green emission intensities opens up the possibility of tailoring exciton properties of ZnO nanocrystals for their applications in light emitting diodes or in photovoltaic components. In the same context, the optical properties of ZnO thin films with and without AlN buffer layer will be shortly described as well as those of ZnO coated multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effect of the various sizes and concentrations of hybrid MEH-PPV/ZnO and PF-oxe/ZnO composites on their optical properties are studied. The PL spectra showed a significant enhancement in intensity in composites when using low nanoparticle concentrations. Additionally, it was also observed that the smaller the size of ZnO nanoparticles the higher the emission efficiency in thin films composites
Beaudoin, Jean-François. "Etude et réalisation de composites filamentaires supraconducteurs à base de Nb(Al, Ge)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376115664.
Повний текст джерелаGningue, Diariatou. "Protection de photoélectrodes semiconductrices par des composites à base de polymères organiques conducteurs." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376139610.
Повний текст джерелаCazangiu, Diana Catalina. "Caractérisation des processus d'endommagement des matériaux composites à base de fibre de carbone." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0092/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe detection and the evaluation of defects is a process used to estimate the lifetime of the materials and structures. The concept of Structural Health Monitoring - SHM concerns the diagnosis of the health state of the constituent materials of a structure. This state can be altered in time by some factors such as: the wear of the structure due to material fatigue, the action of the environmental parameters or/and the occurrence of accidental events. Based on these considerations, the doctoral thesis entitled “STUDIES AND RESEARCHES REGARDING DAMAGE DETECTION IN STRUCTURES” proposes to develop an original study, with the potential in the creation of an optimum system for the detection of defects in composite materials since the initial phase. The work is based on a coupling between theoretical and experimental approaches. In order to develop a multi-criteria analysis to identify the optimal method of detecting defects the experiments analysis were carried out using three different methods