Дисертації з теми "Composés traces"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Composés traces".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Ménard, Camille. "Biofiltration du méthane avec ou sans composés traces sur un milieu filtrant inorganique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6135.
Повний текст джерелаTuduri, Ludovic. "Analyse de traces de composés organiques volatils dans l'air par microextraction sur phase solide." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3007.
Повний текст джерелаGille, Philippe. "Spectrometrie de masse analytique : developpement de techniques nouvelles pour l'analyse de traces d'organochlores." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066375.
Повний текст джерелаCouffin, Nathalie. "Elimination de composes organohalogenes volatils a l'etat de traces dans l'eau par distillation membranaire sous vide." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0007.
Повний текст джерелаNicolle, Jérôme. "Développement d'une méthodologie d'analyse de composés organiques volatils en traces pour la qualification de matériaux de construction." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401405.
Повний текст джерелаNicolle, Jérôme. "Développement d’une méthodologie d’analyse de composés organiques volatils en traces pour la qualification de matériaux de construction." Pau, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/index.php?halsid=q0ep6b0frblf1gervo0lpeqb42&view_this_doc=tel-00401405&version=1.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, indoor air quality is considered as a public health concern, as demonstrated by the legislation proposal of concentrations guidelines for pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Thus, according to the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (AFSSET) recommendations, measurements of VOCs emitted by building materials and sampling strategies were standardized. However, these laboratory-based methods are less suitable to on-site measurements. The VOCs sources identification, necessary to indoor air quality diagnosis, needs rapid and simple sampling tools. An alternative, based on the coupling of an emission cell (FLEC) with a passive sampling strategy using SPME (solid phase microextraction) was considered. This methodology was developed using standard gas of model VOCs (hydrocarbons, terpenese, oxygenated compounds, …) and reached detection limits in the order of μg. M-3 (GC-MS) and quantification limits (GC-FID) around 10 mg. M-3. The analytical performances of this method allowed its application to different building materials (carpet, wood panel and PVC), demonstrating its ability to perform rapid screenings of the emitted VOCs and to determine 96 % of the compounds listed in the AFSSET protocol. Finally, as an example, a whole building was studied, illustrating the feasibility to use the FLEC-SPME system on-site to characterize the major sources of VOCs from building materials
Andre, Jean-Marc. "Recherche en écotoxicologie marine sur la contamination des Delphinidés par les micropolluants : métaux-traces et composés organochlorés." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10613.
Повний текст джерелаHUTEAU, BERTRAND, and M. F. BONNORD. "Identification et dosage de traces d'organohalogenes par des methodes separatives et spectrometrie de masse. Application aux matrices biologiques." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066164.
Повний текст джерелаSablayrolles, Caroline. "Etude fondamentale de transferts des composés traces organiques aux plantes : cas des systèmes amendés par des boues d'épuration." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT024A.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of this work concerns an anlytical study of the trace organic compounds contained in the soil, sewage sludges and plants. These were : auromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, phthalates, nonylphenol ethoxylates and laurylalkylbenzene sulfonates; The pre-treatment, extraction, purification and analysis of samples has been optimized in order to obtain the most appropriate, reliable protocol to characterize the trace organics for the particular type of matrix or compound. The extraction uses a Soxtec apparatus which is fast, economical and safe. Purification is by solid phase cartridges, specific to the extraction technique. Analysis is by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and/or by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorimetric detector. Both these techniques are sensitive and selective and permit very low limits of detection. The second part of the work concerns a study of the uptake of the organics in containers of plants. An aquiculture study where all the parameters are controlled has enabled validation of the analytical choices. For the in-soil studies the trace organics in question have been introduced via residual urban sludges. Plant growth monitoring (carrots and tomatoes), shows that the addition of sludge increases plant production. The initial levels of trace organics in the plant containers have been compared to those found in the plants; the percentage uptake of trace organics is low. Finally, the results obtained have been incorporated into a life cycle analysis on the environmental impact of two agronomic, sludge use sectors, from the dewatered sludge through to plant production, using plants growing in containers
Donadio, Clara. "Traces d’ADN bactérien et composés volatils comme premiers éléments de traçabilité des sels de terroir de l’océan Atlantique." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаSalt has always been exploited in living memory. It has known its heyday at several occasions throughout history, particularly during the period of the French Gabelle, and therefore came to be seen as a precious white metal both sought after and expensive. Yet, nowadays, although it has been considered as an essential mineral, it has also turned up to be unhealthy when taken in excessive amounts. Consequently, salt workers of our day and age have to highlight the genuine nature of their product as well as their ancestral skills, for they both stand out as tokens of quality for our contemporaries. Meeting the expectations of the consumer is the only way for them to keep up with their work and maintain their share on the market. Thus, this study aimed to define ways for salt workers to have their work preserved, for instance throughout a Protected Designation of Origin. Therefore, a partnership with Atlantic French salt workers (from Ré Island, Noirmoutier, Guérande and Saint-Armel) has been established, allowing us to collect samples of salt marsh water and salts.First, an overview of microorganism population and 16S-rDNA in each water or salt sample permitted to define what kinds of microorganism populations were to be found in salt marshes. Secondly, a search for volatile components was led so as to determine whether the environment might affect the olfactory footprint of salt marshes and of salt itself during its formation and its harvest. A process of extraction and analysis has been developed, shedding light on a link between the origin and the olfactory footprint of salt. As an example, the halophilous microorganisms which are extremely rich in carotenoid (hence the red-orange colour of some marshes) are partly responsible for the presence of norisoprenoids in the volatile components which have been identified: 21 compounds were identified in Ré Island (including 8 norisoprenoids), 13 in Noirmoutier (including 7 norisoprenoids), 54 in Saint-Armel (including 25 norisoprenoids),19 in Guérande (including 10 norisoprenoids).For each area, DNA traces and volatile profiles were identified. Therefore, a strong link can be established between salt marshes and the salt they produce. It appears that the differences between salt flats regarding either their smell or their microbiota is always noteworthy, even when marshes are only a few miles apart. Thus, the specific pool of the identified microorganisms which leave prints on the salt would allow saltworkers to define their product so as to ensure a form of protection based on specific markers which are proper to each marsh
Aubert, Cédric. "Etude de molécules aromatiques scintillantes, application à l'analyse de traces d'actinides par scintillation liquide alpha pour l'environnement." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112195.
Повний текст джерелаA new method for actinides measurement by liquid scintillation has been tested for a emitters determination at very low concentration in environmental samples as part of the control of international treaties (Control Test Ban Treaty and Non-Proliferation Treaty). The a liquid scintillation with rejection of b/g emissions is an attractive method because it links a 100 % counting efficiency and a fast sample preparation. Difficulties arise concerning energy resolution (around 250 keV for an α energy of 5 MeV) which hinder the measurement of some actinides like americium. To improve the resolution we have attempted to develop more efficient scintillating cocktails. After photophysics review on fluorescence processes, we have analyzed light emission generated interactions of electrons or α particles in the scintillating mixture. The commercial cocktail Alphaex is chosen as reference to estimate energy resolution and temporal discrimination performances for several mixtures. We have studied several solvents, energy intermediary acceptors and solutes. The cocktail efficiency depends on the energy transfer. We have used the Förster theory and the Millar's equation to characterize energy transfer in homogeneous solution for S1 excited states. An interesting improvement is achieved for PERALS spectrometer with the p-xylene-naphthalene-PBBO cocktail (12 %). The energy resolution for Packard and Wallac spectrometers have been also improved taking into account the physical and chemical behaviors of aromatics molecules
Olivan-Waldhart, Ana-Cristina. "Mise au point de l'analyse des hydrocarbures volatils à l'état de traces. Applications : pollution et toxicologie." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT039G.
Повний текст джерелаSalvia, Marie-Virginie. "Développement d’outils analytiques et méthodologiques pour l’analyse et le suivi de composés vétérinaires et stéroïdes hormonaux à l’état de traces dans l’eau et le sol." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10036/document.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral chemical products are dispersed in the environment and the consequences can be sometimes harmful for humans and the ecosystems. Among these substances appear the antibiotics and the hormonal steroids. Nowadays, only few data are available on the presence and the fate of these substances in the environment in particular for solid matrices, mainly due to a lack of methodologies. Consequently, methods to analyze traces of « emergent » contaminants in water and soil were carried out. Therefore, multi-residues and inter-families procedures based on LC-MS/MS analysis were established. Concerning the aqueous samples, 23 analytes are extracted with the SPE technique (OASIS HLB). MLQs are between 0.09 and 34 ng/L. For the solid matrix, the extraction procedure of 31 compounds is inspired from the method called QuEChERS and followed by a purification step. This methodology was validated and MLQs between 0.013 and 3 ng/g were obtained. Two antibiotics families, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, were studied separately as they have specific physical/chemical properties and are therefore difficult to extract from soil with an inter-families method. Then, the method developed for the soil matrix allowed a statistic study which showed the impact of the soil parameters on the recoveries and matrix effects. Finally, the methodologies were applied to a soil column study which allowed obtaining data on the transfer, accumulation and degradation of the substances in soil
Durand, Cédric. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des produits de l'assainissement pluvial : origine et devenir des métaux traces et des polluants organiques." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2287.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this multidisciplinary work was to characterise the mineral and organic matters in the sediments from storm water drainage systems. Several physical chemical techniques were used to study the mineral fraction of sediments from retention ponds and street sweeping. This study concerned major elements and trace metals. The results show that the sediments are often polluted, with concentrations higher than the reference values for polluted soils. The study of organic matter shows that the lipid fractions are mainly composed of hydrocarbons and PAHs at high concentrations. Humic acids and humine were studied by global techniques and by thermochimiolysis with different alkyl agents. The TMAH technique shows that the studied humic substances contain biopolymers from plant and bacterial origins, as well as ligneous fibres. The use of TEAA allows to show that the released compounds are partly trapped in the humic macromolecular net and are released as soon as this one is altered. The last part of the work was devoted to trace metal mobility in the different organic fractions and using the BCR sequential extraction scheme. The mobility sequence of trace metals appears to be : Cr £ Ni < Pb £ Cu < Zn £ Cd. These results could be used as a basis for recommendations to local governments in order to improve the management of sediments from storm water drainage systems
Ammami, Mohamed Tahar. "Contribution à l’étude des processus électrocinétiques appliqués aux sédiments de dragage." Thesis, Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe works presented in this thesis focuse on the contribution to the study of electrokinetic processes applied to the dredged sediments. Two aspects have been studied ; the first one deals with the preprocessing phase and develops the dewatering process, while the second aspect is devoted toe electroremediation. Dewatering dredged sediments by electrokinetics appears as a promising technique. In this framework, tests were performed under various conditions to provide a general understanding of the behaviour of the sediment subjected to a single electric field or combined with a mechanical stresses, and also to assess the performance of the dehydratation with particular emphasis on the determination of physicochemical parameters. Subsequently, studies were conducted to assess the potential of the Electrokinetic process on a dredged-contaminated sediment using additives with well-defined chemical properties. In order to target the two types of organic and inorganic contaminants, it was interesting to combine the advantages of several types of additives. For example, combining an acid with a surfactant can improve the electroremediation process. The improvement of this process can also be carried regarding to the economic aspect through two parameters; energy consumption with the periodic voltage treatment and the concentration of the additive. Therefore this electroremediation technique combines the advantage of being more competitive and efficient for several elements (organic and inorganic) present in the solid matrix
Tumbiolo, Simonetta. "Analyse rapide des composés organiques volatils à l'état de traces dans l'air par microextraction en phase solide, chromatographie en phase gazeuse, spectrométrie de masse (SPME/GC/MS)." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4076.
Повний текст джерелаAir quality assurance needs a continuous development of new analytical methods for atmospheric pollutants. BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) are volatile monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with toxic properties, in particular toward neurological, respiratory, genetic and excretory systems. SPME (Solid Phase MicroExtraction) is capable of rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in complex matrices, such as ambient air. Target compounds were extracted using SPME with a Carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) fibre coating, followed by GC/MS analysis. The calibration necessitates the production of precise concentrations of the analytes at trace levels. The primary BTEX source was a certified compressed gas standard. A dynamic dilution system was set up with two dilution stages, allowing for dilutions in the range 1 to 100 mg/m3. Validation was carried out. Linear calibration curves were obtained for BTEX concentrations from 0 to 65 mg/m3. Limits of detection, limits of quantification, repeatability and inter-fibre reproducibility were estimated. Laboratory made permeation tubes were studied as alternative gas standard sources. Low concentrations of analytes were obtained by diluting the analyte vapour emitted by the tubes in zero-air flow. Thermogravimetry was proposed as a mean to rapidly test and calibrate the permeation tubes. Considering the time scale of the technique (hours) and the ease to perform multiple sampling, the SPME technique may find important applications. These ranging from general screenings to accurate monitoring of indoor or outdoor sites, as proven by real world applications, with the possibility of detailed temporal and spatial identification of VOCs sources
Heroult, Julien. "Etude de la biodisponibilité des organoétains en milieu agricole : persistance dans les sols et exposition des végétaux récoltés." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3032.
Повний текст джерелаDue to their biocide and plastic stabilizing properties, organotin compounds (OTC) are widely used in various agricultural, industrial or household activities. In agriculture, direct pesticide spraying or spreading of sewage sludge can lead to soil contamination. As their biocide properties are non specific, OTC remain hazardous for ecosystems as well as for Humans. To assess risks linked to soil contamination, it is of major concern to evaluate OTC fate in the soil – soil solution – plant system. At first, this work dealt with the development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of organotins in soils. This method was then applied to (i) estimate the persistence and degradation schemes of the 6 OTC most frequently detected in the environment (i. E. Butyl- and phenyltins) and (ii) screen OTC in several French agricultural soils. It appeared that OTC half-life time ranged from 24 (TPhT) to 220 days (MBT) and studied orchard and vineyard soils were most of the time contaminated. Finally, OTC phytotoxicity, uptake and fate within maize were studied to estimate their bioavailability towards ultivated vegetables and hazard due to food chain contamination. Our first results point out a significative OTC accumulation in plant
Point, David. "Spéciation et biogéochimie des éléments traces métalliques dans l'estuaire de l'Adour." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3029.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of this work involves the development of an analytical method for the speciation analysis of metals at ultratrace levels in complex matrices such as seawater and estuarine water. This analytical speciation system is composed of a first UV on-line photolysis module and a second preconcentration/matrix elimination platform employing chelating resin that allow to discriminate labile from complexed metal forms. This analytical speciation system can be directly employed for field speciation studies, or directly coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for flow injection analysis. The simultaneous application of isotope dilution technique for Cd determination is also presented. The second part of this work has allowed for the first time to study the biogeochemical cycle of trace elements in the Adour Estuary. This urban macrotidal estuary is characterized by a very low turbidity and a low time of residence for both water and particles. The study of trace metals sources demonstrate first that the anthropogenic pressure is limited under dry weather conditions compared to the upstream inputs that represent the majority metals fluxes entering the estuary. Exception can be distinguished for anthropogenic Ag and MMHg representing 28% and 9% respectively of the total inputs under low discharge conditions. Second, the detailed attention of biogeochemical processes occurring within estuarine mixing indicates important dynamic exchanges and transformations between metals forms and phases. Most of the processes are assumed to be linked to organic matter complexation properties and transformations occurring during estuarine transfer
Gerer, Geoffrey. "Nanostructuration et fonctionnalisation de microleviers pour la détection d’agents chimiques à l’état de traces." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of a sensitive, selective, fast, reliable, and moderate cost portable detection system has become a necessity to prevent chemical risk during operational or terrorist attacks. Thus, this project is focused on the elaboration of sensor for the detection of chemical warfare agents (Sarin, Tabun, Soman, VX). The use of microcantilevers as sensors is a promising method to increase sensitivity of detection. The low surface area of conventional microcantilevers limits the sensitivity of the method. Thus, to increase the surface of capture, we create a nanotubular titanium oxide structures. This nanostructuration is performed by anodization of titanium layer to obtain titania nanotubes. The influence of Ti deposition and anodization parameters was studied and the synthesis was optimized onto model surfaces, then beeing transferred to the microcantilevers. In order to increase the selectivity (but also sensitivity) of the sensors functionalization has been carried out with an original family of bifunctional ligands able to promote the molecular recognition of target organophosphorus compounds and suitable for the binding with a TiO2 surface
Abed, Charline. "Spongiaires Irciniidae de Méditerranée : chimiotaxonomie, métabolites volatils et bio-indicateurs de pollution par les éléments traces métalliques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22107/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Irciniidae marine sponges from the Mediterranean Sea: secondary metabolism, volatile compounds and potential bio-indicators of a heavy metal pollutionMarine sponges of the Irciniidae family (I. oros, I. variabilis, I. dendroides, S. spinosulus and S. foetidus) collected during the french ANR program ECIMAR from eight different areas over the Mediterranean Sea: Gibraltar Straits (Ceuta - Spain), North Western basin (Costa Blanca and Estartit – Spain and Banyuls, Marseille and Corsica Island - France, and Monaco) and Eastern basin (Crete - Greece and Lebanon) were studied.We used first a chemotaxonomical approach based on 1H NMR chemical fingerprints and multivariate analysis to better characterize the species. Systematic of the Irciniidae family is still unclear, notably the status of Sarcotragus is viewed as uncertain and the distinction of some Ircinia species remains difficult. To clarify this biological classification disorder, we used a chemosystematics strategy. In the present study, we showed that Ircinia and Sarcotragus genera are chemically characterized by chemotaxonomic markers belonging to furanoterpenes and prenylated hydroquinones families respectively. We report also a comparative GC-MS analysis of the volatile components of S. spinolusus, I. oros, I. variabilis and I. dendroides using static headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Sponges of the genus Ircinia were described to exude low-molecular-weight volatile compounds (e.g., dimethyl sulfide, methyl isocyanide, methyl isothiocyanate) that give these sponges a characteristic strong and unpleasant odor. To date, the volatile constituents of sponges of the genus Sarcotragus have not been studied, though their odor is no lighter than the associated genus Ircinia from the same family. The impact of different parameters (e.g., sample weight, fiber coating, extraction time and temperature) was evaluated to determine the best conditions of analysis. The types of compounds identified include alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, furans, and sulfides probably produced from bacterial degradation of naturally occurring terpenoids. Finally, we performed a comparative study on metal bioaccumulation by I. oros, I. variabilis, and S. spinosulus to select the most suitable species for metal monitoring. Contamination by heavy metals has increased drastically in the coastal Mediterranean during the last 20 years. Arsenic, chromium, copper, iron and lead bioaccumulation were shown to fit an accumulation strategy, while cadmium seemed to be bio-regulated
Langlois, Bertrand. "Étude de la détermination de traces d'iode en solution par spectrométrie de masse à secteur magnétique utilisant un plasma à couplage inductif comme source d'ionisation : influence de la forme chimique." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10012.
Повний текст джерелаLubbad, Ihab. "Contribution à l'analyse électrochimique de traces de composés aromatiques nitrés, de plomb et de cadmium dans les eaux naturelles et industrielles : applications des pâtes de carbone et des microélectrodes." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10127.
Повний текст джерелаAdusei-Gyamfi, Junias. "Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R010.
Повний текст джерелаNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
Cozic, Ronan. "Développement d'un analyseur de gaz transportable : couplage thermodésorbeur / micro-chromatographe / spectromètre de masse (m-TD / m-CG / SM) : application à l'analyse en ligne des composés organiques volatils à l'état de traces." Lyon 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/79/27/PDF/tel-00008935.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLaveille, Paco Victor. "Elimination des traces d’hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques en milieu aqueux par l’hémoglobine bovine immobilisée dans des matériaux siliciques mésoporeux." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20247.
Повний текст джерелаPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are very stable and carcinogenic pollutants found in petroleum refineries waste waters. Today's processes applied in refineries produce waste waters showing PAH trace concentrations. Nevertheless, a recent European legislation aims to divide the PAH concentration in petroleum refineries waste waters by 100. To reach this objective, enzymatic biotechnologies, because of their high efficiency and low environmental threatens, are very interesting. During this thesis, the peroxidase-like activity of bovine hemoglobin (Hb) toward PAH oxidation has been studied. After an optimization of the process and a complete study of the catalytic mechanisms, the protein has been immobilized on a mesoporous silica support to obtain an industrial efficient biomaterial. Finally, Hb and glucose oxidase (GOx) have been entrapped together into original mesoporous silica, structured with a natural surfactant, to produce hydrogen peroxide in situ from glucose and O2 dissolved in the medium. Results allowed gaining knowledge about Hb catalytic mechanisms, optimizing the process reaching more than 80% elimination of the overall pollutants, producing a very efficient catalytic biomaterial showing better stability of Hb toward various parameters, and also a very promising Hb/GOx nano-bioreactor
Feniou, Romain. "Etude du transfert d’un composé trace dans un gaz de stockage vers un aquifère. Mesures et Modélisation. Cas du mercure." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3039.
Повний текст джерелаFor nearly 55 years, TIGF operates two gas storages in an aquifer in the southwest of France. The stored gas is mainly composed of methane (CH4 over 90%) but it also contains other light hydrocarbons (
Garnier, Cédric. "Modélisation et évaluation des équilibres de complexation entre la matière organique naturelle, les métaux traces et le proton : Applications aux eaux naturelles." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009140.
Повний текст джерелаLeroy, Marie-Charlotte. "Etude intégrée de l'abattement en contaminants dans un système eau/sol/plantes. Problématique des aménagements de voirie urbaine." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES027.
Повний текст джерелаLouriño, Cabana Beatriz. "Comportement des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) dans deux systèmes aquatiques soumis à des activités minières et métallurgiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10033/document.
Повний текст джерелаTrace-metals behaviour had been studied in two different aquatic systems contaminated by mining and metallurgical activities. The first study site is situated in two Norwegian rivers (Raubekken and Vorma). Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in both rivers were measured by voltammetry by means of an automatic monitoring system developed by the NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology). The most significant result of this study was the daily variability of these three metals in Vorma, with noticeable shifts of metal-content maxima detected. The second study site is situated in Deûle river, close to the ancient smelter Metaleurop. Although suspended particles and sediments were strongly contaminated by Pb, Zn and Cd, the global quality of the filtered water was found to be good. As for the water-sediment interface, the oxidation of biodegradable organic matter and the reduction of iron and manganese oxides result in an important release of trace metals in interstitial waters from surface sediments. Nevertheless, measured and calculated diffusive and benthic fluxes of trace metals from the sediment to the water column were weak with respect to daily metal-concentrations variations in the water column. During monitoring campaigns in winter, it was shown that an increase of dissolved zinc occurred in the water column a few hours after sediment resuspension events, whereas in spring this phenomenon is more dependent upon temperature variations between day and night and phytoplankton activity as key parameters of daily cycles
Munoz, Gabriel. "Ecodynamique des composés poly- et perfluoroalkylés dans les écosystèmes aquatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0414/document.
Повний текст джерелаPoly- and perfluoroalkyl surfactants (PFAS) are anthropogenic compounds that have been used sincethe 1950s in a variety of applications and that have emerged as ubiquitously distributed contaminants.The first aim of this work was to optimize and validate analytical procedures for the trace-leveldetermination of PFAS. These methods were then applied to various sets of environmental samples,providing new elements to document the occurrence and environmental fate of PFAS in aquaticecosystems. In terms of statistical analyses, a special care has been devoted to incorporate nondetects(data 1 for PFOS and several long-chain PFAA, providing new evidence for theirbiomagnification. The last theme addressed in this work was the analysis of newly-identified cationicand zwitterionic PFAS ; preliminary evidence seem to dispel concerns about the bioaccumulationpotential of the latter
Lecharlier, Aurore. "Caractérisation des composés trace dans le biogaz et biométhane : développement d'une méthode d'échantillonnage, de préconcentration in situ et d'analyse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3008.
Повний текст джерелаIn pursuance of enhancing knowledge on biogas and biomethane’s trace compounds to help guarantee their sustainable integration in today’s European energy mix, a field sampling set-up enabling direct in situ preconcentration of non-metallic trace compounds in such gas samples at their pipe working pressure (up to 200 bara) was developed. Non-metallic trace compounds targeted in this work included alkanes (linear, cyclic, polycyclic), aromatics, terpenes, alkenes, halogenated organic species, oxygenated organic species (alcohols, aldehydes, esters, furans and ethers, ketones), siloxanes, organic and inorganic Sulphur-compounds. Firstly, state-of-the-art gas sampling and preconcentration techniques for the determination of trace compounds in gaseous matrices were reviewed. Based on this review, preconcentration was chosen to be performed on self-assembled multibed adsorbent tubes (MAT). The preconcentration system was elaborated and optimized in the laboratory: convenient commercial adsorbents were selected; procedures for the assembly and conditioning of new MAT were established; four MAT configurations were tested on their efficiency in adsorbing and releasing targeted trace compounds using certified synthetic gas mixtures containing targeted species at trace concentrations (1 ppmmol) in CH4 or N2 matrices. Analytes preconcentrated on MAT were recovered for analysis by thermal desorption (TD) of the tubes using a new TD prototype followed by gas chromatography (GC) hyphenated with mass spectrometry (MS) (TD-GC-MS). Secondly, the analytical method, and in particular the new TD prototype, was validated. The chromatographic resolution power of the new TD prototype was proved to be higher than that obtained from other well established preconcentration or GC-injection methods such as solid phase microextraction or direct headspace gas injection. Besides, GC-MS parameters were optimized to detect the broad range of trace compounds potentially found in biogas and biomethane.Thirdly, the use of a novel high-pressure tube sampling (HPTS) prototype was evaluated for the circulation of pressurized gases (up to 200 bara) through MAT for the direct high-pressure preconcentration of trace compounds from such gases. The HPTS was first validated in the laboratory using pressurized certified synthetic gas mixtures, and then used on field to sample compressed biomethane at a natural gas grid injection station at 40 bara.Subsequently, the field sampling chain was set-up and 6 field sampling campaigns were conducted where 6 different streams of landfill gas, biogas and biomethane were collected at a landfill plant and two anaerobic digestion plants treating diverse feedstocks. Trace compounds were qualitatively determined in all gas samples via the developed TD-GC-MS method. In a single sampling run and using limited gas volumes ranging 0.5 – 2 LN, a wide range of trace compounds in a variety of chemical families (alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes, aromatics, alkanes (linear, cyclic and polycyclic), esters, furans and ethers, halogenated species, ketones, Sulphur-compounds, siloxanes and terpenes) were identified. Variations in trace compounds composition were observed in the different gases sampled and potential correlations between feedstocks nature, implemented gas treatment processes and trace compounds determined were discussed. In particular, the substantial generation of the mono-terpene p-cymene and of other terpenes was evidenced for anaerobic digestion plants treating principally food-wastes. It is believed the shortened and high-pressure-proof field preconcentration procedure developed in this work can contribute facilitating field sampling operations for the determination of trace compounds in complex gas matrices such as biogas and biomethane
Leonco, Daniel siao-Loung. "Développement méthodologique pour l'analyse d'une large gamme de composés dans le milieux aquatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0809/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is now widely recognized that contaminants present in aquatic environments can be toxic at traces or even ultra-traces level. Therefore, it is important to develop efficient and sensitive analytical methods to reach these levels of concentration. In that respect, chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS and LC-MS / MS) are commonly used for the analysis of organic pollutants. The substances encountered in aquatic environments display a large range of physico-chemical properties, from apolar to very polar. Thus, developing a simultaneous analysis for all these molecules represents an analytical challenge. In this pHD work, several steps of the analytical process have been investigated: sample preparation by solid phase extraction (SPE), chromatographic separation and the detection by mass spectrometry. A list of model compounds commonly determined in aquatic environments was established to conduct the tests. Solid phase extraction methods, offline and online, were developed in a multiresidue analysis aim at traces level. Chromatographic methods, gaseous and liquid, coupled to mass spectrometry were studied to obtain an exhaustive and sensitive analysis. The last part consisted to apply the developed methods for a non-targeted analysis approach
Amir, Soumia. "Contribution a la valorisation de boues de stations d'épuration par compostage : devenir des micropolluants metalliques et organiques et bilan du compost." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000074/.
Повний текст джерелаThe valorisation of sewage sludges after lagooning by composting with straw estimated by the agronomic and environmental quality of the final product was evaluated by GPC on Sephadex, elementary analysis, UV-Vis, FT- IR, NMR-C13, ICP/MS, GC/MS et TMAH/GC/MS at different stages of the process. The speciation of the bioavailable metallic trace elements (2% of the initial MTE) shows that they decrease in favour to the resistant forms. The biotransformation of the organic micropollutants (PAH, phthalates) is expressed in terms of biodegradation or polycondensation towards to the incriminated phase. The structural characterization of humic and fulvic acids is discussed in terms of aromaticity or functional conservation in relationships to molecular weight, incriminated aromatic structures, potential polycondensations and neo-synthesis by successive micro-organisms according to the stabilization or maturation step
Belhadj-Kaabi, Faten. "Développement et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction de composés pharmaceutiques à l'état de traces dans les fluides biologiques : miniaturisation du format de synthèse et couplage en-ligne à la nano-chromatographie." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066542.
Повний текст джерелаKusumoto, Tamon. "Radial electron fluence around ion tracks as a new physical concept for the detection threshold of PADC detector." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE046/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe structure and formation process of latent tracks in poly(allyl diglycol carbonate), PADC, have been examined using the combination of FT-IR spectrometry and a Monte Carlo simulation. The generation amount of OH groups is almost equivalent to the loss amount of ether. An important role of the secondary electron that the carbonyl can be broken only when more than two electrons pass through a single repeat unit is clarified by experiments using low LET radiations. Results of high energy protons lead us to the elucidation of the difference between etchable and un-etchable tracks. Based on these results, a new physical concept of Radial Electron Fluence around Ion Tracks, which is defined as the number density of secondary electron that pass through the cylinder surface with a certain radius is proposed for the detection threshold of PADC using Geant4-DNA. Obtained knowledge is helpful to find appropriate molecule arrangements for new etched track detector with desired sensitivities
Lemarchand, Charles. "Etude de l'habitat de la loutre d'Europe (Lutra lutra) en région Auvergne (France) : relations entre le régime alimentaire et la dynamique de composés essentiels et d'éléments toxiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21746.
Повний текст джерелаIqbal, Muhammad. "Impact de l'occupation des sols agricoles contaminés sur la disponibilité des éléments trace : Mise en évidence du role des matières organiques dans le cas de cultures annuelles et cultures pérennes à vocation énergétique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00811413.
Повний текст джерелаModéran, Julien. "Estuaire de la Charente : structure de communauté et écologie trophique du zooplancton, approche écosystémique de la contamination métallique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541019.
Повний текст джерелаSkřínský, Jan. "Microwave and diode laser spectroscopy of discharge and flame plasma." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10151.
Повний текст джерелаTwo studies have been carried out during this work. On the one hand, pure rotational spectrum of the gas phase of the monoiodomethyl radical (ground state: X̃2B1) has been observed for the first time in the millimeter¬wave region. The CH2I• radical was created by the reaction of either diiodomethane (CH2I2) or iodomethane (CH3I) with the products of 2450 MHz microwave discharge of Cl2. The 331 millimeterwave a-type R-branch transitions have been observed with fully resolved fine and partly resolved hyperfine components. The small positive inertial defect, Δ0 = 0.03665(3) amu.A2, indicates that the radical is planar in the ground vibronic state. The observed fine and hyperfine interaction constants are consistent with 2B1 symmetry, i.e. with the unpaired electron occupying a pπ orbital extending perpendicular to the molecular plane. On the other hand, infrared spectroscopic studies on several molecular species, stable (C3H4, OCS and CH3OH) and reactive (the ion ArD+, the radicals CN• and O3•) have been carried out to test the possibility of atmospheric trace gas monitoring. Based on the mathematical evaluation of the calculated signal-to-noise ratios of absorption spectra, optimum values of frequency and amplitude modulation were found. The concept of the Allan variance has then been utilized with two experimental methods well-known for the detection of trace gas: diode-laser spectroscopy and CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy. Detection of the above mentioned stable molecules and reactive unstable species have been compared on the basis of Allan variance calculations
JAKO, ANDRE. "Analyse de traces de composes organiques dans l'eau : application a la concentration et au dosage d'un compose organique par une methode hplc." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15095.
Повний текст джерелаJaegler, Hugo. "Redistribution des isotopes de l’uranium et du plutonium présents à l’état d’ultra-traces dans les sédiments des fleuves côtiers drainant le panache radioactif de Fukushima." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS288/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi accident led to the deposition of uranium and plutonium at ultra-trace levels on coastal catchments in northeastern Japan, in addition to the natural uranium and plutonium from the global fallout of the atmospheric nuclear tests, already present before the accident. The relative contribution of these different sources can be quantified from the precise measurement of their isotopic composition and the precise determination of local isotopic signatures prior to the accident through the compilation of literature data and the analysis of a sediment core collected in a dam reservoir. Furthermore, the analysis of soil samples collected after 2011 shows that the spatial distribution of initial plutonium deposits is roughly similar to that of radiocaesium. In addition, if the presence of uranium originating from the plant was not confirmed, the plutonium rejected by the accident was identified and quantified in all the river sediment samples analyzed, showing that the plutonium originating from the plant is more quickly exported to the Pacific Ocean than that originating from the global atmospheric tests. In addition, plutonium bearing micro particles were localized and then precisely characterized (size, morphology, chemical composition). Overall, this work provided original data on the fate of actinides in the Fukushima environment
Charriau, Adeline. "Étude de la contamination organique et métallique associée aux sédiments du district hydrographique international de l'Escaut." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10042/document.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic and metallic contaminants released by past and present human activities are widespread in the environment and in particular in river sediments, where these compounds tend to accumulate. Contaminated sediments, that represent a potential threat toward aquatic organisms, can also go against the efforts made with the implementation of the water framework directive of the European Union in order to preserve water quality. This research has been mainly carried out in the framework of the INTERREG III - STARDUST research program and focused on the area of the International Hydrographic District of the Scheldt, that encloses parts of Belgium, Netherlands and north of France. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and n-alkanes contamination levels and sources have been determined in sediments from the following rivers and canals: Espierre, Scheldt, Lys, Canche and Yser. The pyrolytic origin of the PAH contamination is predominant while n-alkanes originate from various biogenic and petrogenic sources. Sediment quality guidelines have demonstrated that sediments from the Espierre canal are associated to a higher threat for aquatic organisms. Trace metal speciation, that greatly influences the biodisponibility of these contaminants, has been estimated using thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Results notably indicate a strong association of copper and zinc with organic matter
Kouzayha, Abir. "Développement des méthodes analytiques pour la détection et la quantification de traces des HAP et de pesticides dans l'eau : application à l'étude de la qualité des eaux libanaises." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14414/document.
Повний текст джерелаWater pollution presents a very critical problem facing industrial and developping countries. The environmental monitoring of the contaminants seems necessary to understand their sources and impacts. Among a wide variety of organic pollutants present in water,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides are of particular importance as widespread, persistent, and toxic contaminants. They are usually present at trace levels in theacquatic surfaces; therefore their detection and control require selective and sensitiveanalytical procedures. The Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) followed by the Gas-Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) are the most commonly usedtechniques for their analysis in water. Thesis objectives are focused on the development of new analytical methods for the extraction and analysis of these two families of pollutants present in water. To overcone the contraints of the traditional SPE, a new approach was developed consisting on the introduction of the centrifugation in several steps of the procedure. The new method showed practical environmental and economical advantages interms of sample preparation time, simplicity, reduction in solvent use, and cost and isparticularly suitable for routine applications requiring a high sample throughput. Aprogrammed temeperature vaporizing (PTV) injection method was also optimized and validated in order to improve the detection limits for the GC-MS analysis of PAHs. The evaluation of the quality of different water systems in Lebanon including rainwater,groundwater, drinking water and surface water was accomplished in this study
Picouet, Cécile. "Géodynamique d'un hydrosystème tropical peu anthropisé : le bassin supérieur du Niger et son delta inférieur." Montpellier 2, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006189.
Повний текст джерелаKadlecova, Milada. "Contamination mercurique des sédiments et cours d'eau du nord de la France et de la République Tchèque." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10148/document.
Повний текст джерелаMercury (Hg) is naturally occurring toxic element; however global mercury emissions are dominated by anthropogenic sources. The global cycle of mercury has seen an increase in mercury deposition, especially in aquatic ecosystems, since the beginning of the industrial revolution. First part of the thesis summarizes the source of mercury, its properties and toxicity from the general point of view, but also the current state of knowledge on the biogeochemical cycle of mercury and in particular behaviour of mercury inside the sediments of the aquatic environment and factors influencing its transformation into methylated form. The sediment in aquatic systems may acts as the ultimate sink, where mercury in its various complexes is deposited. The mercury in sediments can then be converted to its more toxic organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), by the transformation processes controlled by various physical, chemical and biological factors. More over remobilization of mercury species from sediments is possible due to diffusion and resuspension and so sediments may act as potential source of mercury for aquatic biota. Bioaccumulation and biomagnifications can then continue up the food chain where humans, among other animals, consume the organic mercury. It is clear that determination of total mercury is not sufficient to understand its fate in the environment; determination of MeHg provides very useful additional information. The sensitive and precise analytical method for MeHg determination is necessary. The methodological part of the thesis deal with the methods for determination of mercury species in sediments. The method for methylmercury determination in sediments using automated Headspace sampler equipped with Trap and coupled with Gas Chromatography and Atomic Fluorescence Detector was developed and is define. The special attention is also given to the necessity of clean sampling procedures and the proper storage and pre-treatment of the samples and the field study of Hg distribution in sediments. The mercury contamination of sediments from the South Moravia and Northern France are compared. The mercury species and other elements (Fe, Mn, S) were analysed in sediments and/or pore water and/or surface water collected from the sampling sites in the Deûle and Lys River (France) and Jihlava and Morava River (Czech Republic). In order to better assess the mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystem, the pore water concentration could be evaluated to understand the availability of mercury from sediment. The use of diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique is applied to measure pore water mercury concentration in river sediments. Different resins gels for mercury determination are used: Spheron-Thiol, Duolite GT-73 and TiO2. River Deûle act as a sink for enormous anthropogenic Hg from the industrial activities and is considered as a potential significant source of methylmercury to the surrounding environment. The last part of thesis deals with the application of well-established isotope experiments to study methylation/demethylation processes in sediments of Deûle River. For this purpose, species-specific isotopically enriched tracers in the form of inorganic mercury IHg (199Hg) and MeHg (201MeHg) have been added to the sediment slurries. Mercury labelled species were used as the tracers to follow their chemical fate and calculate the extent of the transformation reaction yield occurring during the 24 hours experiment. This experiment methodology is refined by applying advanced matrix algebra to resolve the contributions of several different enriched stable isotope species specific tracers to the isotope pattern found, making the calculation of methylation/demethylation rates possible
Beauval, Nicolas. "Evaluation de l'impact sanitaire des cigarettes électroniques : caractérisation physicochimique des e-liquides et e-vapeurs." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S015/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe electronic cigarette has been on the market for several years and enjoys a strong reputation. Existing scientific data tend to consider the e-cigarette as less toxic than its main counterpart, the conventional cigarette. However, the intrinsic impact of vaping on human health, in the short and long term, is not precisely known and is currently part of many Public Health debates.Since 2014, we have undertaken a project whose main objective is to study the health impact of the electronic cigarette using a multidisciplinary approach comprising physicochemical analysis and experimental toxicology. As part of this project, my work focused on the physicochemical characterization of e-liquids, from a unique commercial source, and their e-vapors, mainly based on the identification and quantification of potentially-toxic compounds. Regarding the current lack of reference methods, this analysis requires a high level of control and robustness of the entire measurement chain, from generation to analysis methods, especially for e-vapor study.Considering the potential health impact of metallic trace elements (MTEs), we first developed and validated a method allowing the simultaneous dosage of 15 MTEs in e-liquids by ICP-MS. The e-liquid, a viscous organic matrix, is a source of significant matrix effects which must be corrected by the addition of matrix in the calibration step, in a suitable proportion. The method was fully validated according to the recommendations of the French Accreditation Committee and the US Environmental Protection Agency and demonstrated satisfactory robustness parameters.Six e-liquids and their respective e-vapors, generated via a smoking/vaping machine, were then analysed to detect and quantify their main ingredients (propylene glycol, glycerol and nicotine) and various potentially-toxic pollutants (15 MTEs, 50 pesticides, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 3 carbonyl compounds). Each e-liquid composition was in accordance with that announced by the manufacturer and contained few pollutants, at trace levels. In the e-vapors, 3 carbonyl compounds, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 4 MTEs (Sb, Cd, Cr and Pb) were found at concentrations 7 to 6126-fold lower than those measured in the mainstream smoke of the reference cigarette 3R4F, analysed under comparable conditions (except for chromium and antimony which were not detectable in the 3R4F smoke).The vaping regimen, that is mainly based on the volume, the duration and the frequency of puffs, is strongly suspected to participate to the large observed variability of the e-vapor chemical composition between different published data. Through focusing on the analysis of a unique family of compounds with health impact, we demonstrated, on the one hand, that the vaping regimen has some influence on the carbonyl composition of e-vapors and, on the other hand, that vaping regimens are not all suitable for any type of e-cigarette models.This work has contributed to improve the current knowledge on the physicochemical characterization of e-cigarette emissions. Globally, the e-cigarettes and e-liquids tested emit and/or generate few potentially-toxic compounds, at concentrations lower than those observed in conventional cigarette smoke. Our findings satisfy partly the urgent need of optimization and harmonization of the analytical practices used to study e-cigarettes and their emissions. They should thus contribute to the establishment of reference methods that will allow and facilitate the interpretation and comparison of data, which vary significantly across the literature
Azoury, Sabine. "Étude de la contamination de la côte libanaise par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et les éléments traces métalliques (ETMs) : archives sédimentaires et biomonitoring suite à une marée noire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14755/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research project aims at the study of the contamination of the Lebanese coast by PAHs, DDE, Hg and Pb. The research work is divided into two distinct parts concerning two environmental compartments (sedimentary and biological) and it addresses different questions and approaches. In the first part, the study of a dated sediment core raised from the continental shelf in southern Lebanese coast allowed reconstructing the contamination history in the Levantine basin. The contaminants’ analysis as well as 210Pb and 137Cs datation allowed obtaining a reliable record of mercury, lead and PAHs sedimentary deposition in the Lebanese continental margin in the Levantine basin. Although concentrations and fluxes are relatively low, a two-phase increase of concentration is found using C1 core sedimentary profiles. Coal was identified as the main source of Pb, Hg and PAHs in the Levantine basin between the mid 19th and the mid 20th century. Ratios of Pb stable isotopes and PAH diagnostic ratios support this assumption. The studied sedimentary archives provide also information on the deposition of contaminants on a global scale possibly related to atmospheric emissions mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. In the second part of the thesis, the study of contamination by PAHs of the Lebanese coast was undertaken following an oil spill in the south of Lebanon, which occurred after the bombardment by the Israeli military of the electric power plant in Jiyeh in 2006. We have set-up a biomonitoring program with an invasive mussel specie Brachidontes variabilis over a three-year study. Results indicate a progressive decrease of PAH concentrations in the intertidal ecosystem of the Lebanese coast. Contamination of the subtidal zone in 2007 by Jiyeh fuel oil was significantly lower. However, Jiyeh fuel oil signature was still detectable in mussel tissues even three years after the oil spill. Contamination was found to be particularly persistent in some of the highly oiled sites. It appears that pre-spill state was still not reached even three years following the oil spill. Detailed investigation of spatio-temporal changes of intertidal mussels contamination by PAH is also presented in this part of the thesis
Louis, Yoann. "Mise au point d'une systématique de caractérisation des interactions Matière Organique Naturelle Dissoute (MOND) – Contaminants métalliques." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410142.
Повний текст джерелаConnan, Olivier. "Analyse des composés halocarbones volatils dans l'eau de mer : utilisation comme traceurs : variations dans les eaux océaniques et côtières." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2021.
Повний текст джерелаTriki, Meriam. "Cavités optiques de haute finesse pour la mesure de composés à l'état de trace en phase gazeuse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331642.
Повний текст джерелаD'abord, les notions nécessaires à la compréhension des techniques considérées sont présentées. Suit la description du développement d'un système IBB-CEAS avec une source LED émettant autour de 643 nm, avec application à la détection des oxydes d'azote à l'état de traces. Les résultats obtenus mettent en avant les avantages de cette technique en termes de simplicité, robustesse et de compacité. La limite de détection obtenue pour le radical NO2 est estimée à 1 ppbv pour deux minutes de temps d'acquisition.
Pour la deuxième étude concernant une source laser de type VECSEL émettant à 2.3 μm et pompé optiquement, le résultat principal a été l'obtention d'un balayage monofréquence sur une grande plage spectrale de l'ordre de 16.5 cm-1. Cela a demandé un balayage simultané de la température et de la longueur de la cavité laser. Ensuite, des essais préliminaires on été effectués pour coupler cette source avec la technique OF-CEAS. Ces essais ont révélé un problème de stabilité du comportement monofréquence de la source VECSEL en présence de rétroaction optique.
Enfin, la faisabilité de la technique OF-CEAS avec une source ECDL émettant dans l'infrarouge proche pour le diagnostic des décharges à basse pression a été démontrée. Le coefficient d'absorption minimale obtenu est de l'ordre de 10-9 cm-1 pour un temps d'acquisition court (0.1 s), valeur typique atteinte auparavant dans divers systèmes OF-CEAS. Des essais ont été réalisés avec une décharge en flux d'argon avec des traces de méthane autour de 1 mbar. Le même niveau de bruit a été observé que sans décharge. Cependant, dans la gamme spectrale accessible avec le ECDL disponible, les radicaux de type CHX produits dans ce type de décharge n'ont pas été détectés.