Дисертації з теми "Comportements de prévention"
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Gay, Stéphan. "Malades asthmatiques : connaissances et comportements thérapeutiques, incidences pour la prévention." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P051.
Werle, Carolina Obino Corrêa. "Les déterminants des comportements de santé préventive : le rôle de l'auto-contrôle dans la prévention de l'obésité." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21037.
This dissertation in the field of social marketing and its objective is to understand the role of self-control in obesity prevention, studying the relationship between physical activity and balanced food consumption. Using an experiment, we contrast different approaches from the self-regulation theory. The independent variable is the perception of the physical activity – perceived as exercise or as fun activity – with a control group (no activity) and the dependent variable is food consumption during a meal. Results indicate that participants serve themselves more pasta and bread when they perceive the physical activity as fun, condition that does not allow the activation of high-priority goal of watching what they eat. Goal activation is facilitated when the physical activity is perceived as exercise, but it is only effective when the objective is very important to the individual. However, individuals in the exercise condition consume more chocolate pudding. This extra desert consumption in the exercise condition balances the caloric intake between experimental conditions. This result shows that, even if the goal activation reduces the consumption of bread and pasta, it does not have the same effect over all the foods consumed during the meal; in the opposite sense, it has a positive effect in the chocolate pudding consumption, result that is consistent with a model of affective regulation (Garg, Wansink and Inman, 2007)
Loubatan, Tabo Augustin. "Analyse économique des comportements de prévention face aux risques de santé." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949540.
Oliverio, Albertina. "La rationalité des comportements à risque : choix de prévention et VIH / Sida." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040104.
Individual risk-taking decisions' rationality is analyzed by looking at the case of HIV/AIDS preventive choices. The main reference in the literature is the 'Health Belief Model' (HBM) based on the assumption of an individual rationality coinciding with zero-risk exposure. 'Rational Choice Model' (RCM) assuming that rational behavior coincides with utility maximization, is used to show HBM limits. It is argued that risky choices may be 'compatible' with an economic rationality notion. A large literature has emphasized that social interactions can be a crucial determinant of preventive behavior: some aspects of this issue are analyzed by game theory applications. Nevertheless, RCM isn't able to explain a large number of individual behaviors. A more general theory of rationality may be thus developed and RCM may be considered a particular case of this theory
Dugord, Clara. "Déterminants et transmission des comportements de recours à la prévention sur longue période." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLD040.
This thesis examines women's demand for preventive care, particularly cancer screenings, over a long period using data from the French E3N-Générations cohorts. We show that preventive health seeking behaviors are stable over time, with a strong effect of habit. Secondly, women who are less educated and more distant from the healthcare system are more likely to remain outside the use of preventive health services and to stop their use prematurely. Lastly, social inequalities in the uptake of cancer screening persist across generations, as a result of the transmission of preventive health seeking behaviors. By targeting more strongly women who do not seek preventive care, health policies could induce a spillover effect on the next generation, helping to reduce social inequalities in health
Pinelli, Mathieu. "Intérêt des techniques d’amorçage dans la prévention des comportements à risque en sports d’hiver." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS023.
Winter sports include a wide range of activities in France and around the world. Each year, rescuers perform about 50 000 intervention on French ski areas. In this context, prevention campaigns are developed to reduce risk behaviors on ski slopes.To enhance these campaigns, we propose to use the priming techniques. The technique consists in re-exposing skiers to a prime from a poster including a message advocating to slow down (to which they were previously exposed) in order to decrease the speed on ski slopes. Moderators involved in risk-taking were also considered, namely personality (sensation seeking and impulsivity), emotional self-regulation (escape and avoidance), autonomic nervous system (represented by vagal tone) and objective risk to injury.In three laboratory studies, we show the effectiveness of the priming procedure in order to reduce the risk-taking associated with speed in skiing. Among main results, we show that sensation seeking and vagal tone are important factors in susceptibility to the priming. We also show an unexpected result on the priming of a relaxing message to reduce the risk-taking in winter sports.Two ecological studies were also carried out to test the procedure directly on a ski slope. We confirm with these two studies that re-exposure to a leader from a poster significantly reduces speed, particularly for afternoon with a high risk injury.This work shows that the priming procedure is effective to reduce the speed in winter sports. The sensation-seeking, the autonomic nervous system and the objective injury risk should also be taken into account in the design of prevention campaigns based on our priming procedure. This work is the first to have developed and tested an original procedure to reduce the risk taking in winter sports
Musac, Virginie. "Facteurs associés aux comportements préventifs face à la typhoïde chez les individus en milieu rural en Haïti." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26246/26246.pdf.
Dupas, Pascaline. "Informations, incitations et comportements de santé : trois essais en économie du développement." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0014.
This thesis uses evidence from four programs implemented in Kenya to identify types of informations and incentives that can increase preventive health behaviors. We find that teenagers are responsive to information on relative risks, thus providing information on the distribution of HIV prevalence disaggregated by gender and age group can have a much larger impact that simply providing teenagers with information on the average prevalence. We also find that reducing the cost of education generates effective incentives for teenagers to avoid teen pregnancy or marriage, and thus can have the triple benefit of increasing educational attainments, reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Last, we find that conditional in-kind subesidies (in the form of mosquito nets given to pregnant women enrolling for prenatal care) can be used effectively to overcome private inertia in the take-up of public health services, including HIV testing
Birgand, Gabriel. "Infections du site opératoire : approches originales du diagnostic et de la prévention." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067988.
Halfen, Sandrine. "Le dépistage du VIH en Martinique : des pratiques médicales aux comportements des populations." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100149.
Pagani, Victoria. "La fabrique des comportements : analyse du processus de normativité et prise en compte de l'éthique en santé publique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0275.
Context - There is growing interest in ethics in the health world. If the questions of medical ethics (end of life, doctor / patient relationship ...) and research ethics (Helsinki declaration ...) focus our attention, is it about ethics in health? public health and more specifically the ethics of prevention policies? While the rationale for prevention seems obvious: to promote healthy behaviors, this evidence is only apparent. The prevention at stake of many personal, cultural, societal and collective values: the definition of "good health", the freedom, the justification of the intervention of the authorities in the private life, the equity, the social justice ... As many questions as the essential ethical reflection. Thus, prevention policies and tools can not overcome ethical questioning when we are interested in the subject of health behaviors, we seek to change the "habitus" of individuals, seats of their values and their cultures. These questions are necessary and can orient strategies more precisely and contribute to their acceptability and effectiveness among the populations. Or, this ethical reflection in the field is undeveloped in France, even though it has helped research and public action. Objective - The objective of this study was to characterize the consideration of an ethical reflection during the creation of the norm in public health through a study on preventive nutritional policies. Methods - To meet this objective, in three steps: 1) Analysis of the literature on normativity, 2) analysis of the literature on tools of ethical analysis in public health Nutrition policies: the texts relative to the PNNS 3 were analyzed and Stakeholders were interviewed to reconstruct the process of developing a public health policy and price analysis of ethics and human rights. Results-This multidisciplinary research has made it possible to highlight the different definitions and types of norms as well as the interest and opportunities of ethical questioning both in the normative process in prevention and in the process of health policy development public. Perspectives- The perspectives of this study are conceptual and practical: to illustrate the relationship between norms and values, and to develop a tool for analyzing ethical issues in public health plans
Poulin, Amélie. "Validation d'une grille d'observation des comportements de douleur chez les personnes atteintes de troubles neurocognitifs majeurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35006.
Despite its high prevalence, pain is poorly understood and is, therefore, ignored or inadequately cared for seniors with mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) in long-term care (LTC) (Savoie, Misson, & Verreault, 2012). The under-detection of pain can be the result of many factors. This project specifically focuses on the role of pain screening tools. One of the validated and recognized instruments for screening patients with MNCD is the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC) (Fuchs-Lacelle & Hadjistravopoulos, 2004). Its French version, the PACSLAC-F, has been validated and recommended by Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec (CEVQ)’s mentoring team to be use in LTC (Aubin et al., 2008). As reported by them, the PACSLAC-F has helped to improve the ability of caregivers to detect pain, promote communication and value their work. These caregivers, however, mentioned the large number of items included in the tool and the imprecision of some behaviors they had to observe. Having obtained the same results in Saskatchewan, Fuchs-Lacelle and Hadjistravopoulos (2004) validated a shortened version of the tool named PACSLAC-II (Chan, Hadjistravopoulos, Williams & Lints-Martindale, 2014). According to these authors, this shorter version (from 60 to 31 items) demonstrates a greater ability to differentiate pain than any other tool, including the original PACSLAC. The purpose of this study is to validate the French version of the PACSLAC-II to offer a more efficient tool for French nursing practice. Test-retest and interobserver fidelity, convergence validity, internal consistency and clinical utility of the PACSLAC-II-F were measured in 83 older adults with MNCD in LTC. The Pearson correlation (r <.0001) demonstrated a strong relationship between the two versions, with a score of 0.61, and also for the test-retest, with a result of 0.71. These results suggest that the use of PACSLAC-II-F could be considered in LTC in Quebec.
Gagnon, Marie-Pierre. "L'impact des nouvelles thérapies pharmaceutiques de lutte contre le VIH sur l'abandon des comportements de prévention chez les jeunes en milieu collégial." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ44724.pdf.
Patin, Bertille. "Maladie mentale et infection à VIH : étude psychosociale des représentations et des comportements en milieu psychiatrique : prise en charge, prévention et responsabilité." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0139.
Lareyre, Olivier. "P2P, une intervention de pair à pair visant à prévenir le tabagisme de lycéens professionnels : quel rôle de la Théorie du Comportement Planifié dans le maintien des comportements de santé ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30074/document.
In France, the issue of youth smoking remains a major challenge for public health. If peer pressure may encourage smoking, the peer education also has a positive potential to change smoking behavior of adolescents. In addition, it was demonstrated that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) gave the best prediction of intentions and behaviors in many domains of health. However, the TPB is usually not used to develop interventions against tobacco. In the P2P program, voluntary professional school students have designed and built their own TPB-based intervention (with the help of trained educators), aimed at reducing smoking peers. Our goal was to measure the impact of one year of P2P on a population particularly vulnerable professional students. The main hypothesis is that P2P avoids the increasing of daily smoking during the year in the intervention group compared to the control group
Casanova, Clémence. "Nouvelle démarche méthodologique dans les armées françaises pour améliorer la prévention des comportements à risque pour la santé : exemple de la consommation d'alcool." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0767/document.
Alcohol misuses can have negative social and health repercussions on a given population. In terms of professional risk, members of the French military must be particularly vigilant about alcohol, given some of the specificities of the profession of arms. This thesis was designed to propose a new methodological approach within French military in order to prioritize prevention focuses on alcohol misuses. To reach this objective, we relied on the one hand on a mixed methodology associating qualitative and quantitative methods which emphasizes on a pragmatic approach. On the other hand we relied on the theory of social representations, a robust tool for studying risky health behaviors. First, semi-structured exploratory interviews were conducted to identify the social representations of alcohol with a sample of military. In a second step, a questionnaire was implemented based on the results of the interviews. By focusing on the content and the organization of the discourses relating to alcohol, we were able to better define risky drinking practices of a French military population, and thus to propose preventive measures adapted to this specific population. Our methodological approach proves to be useful for the prevention and to be also innovative to understand a public health issue, as no researches on this subject have so far been carried out within the French Army Health Service
Bocquier, Aurélie. "Contribution à la compréhension des liens entre statut socio-économique et comportements de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0713.
This thesis aimed to contribute to current scientific knowledge about the social differentiation of health behaviours in France and to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this differentiation. We focused on the role of specific sociocognitive factors (perceptions and beliefs) based on theories derived from the sociology of risk and the sociology of deviance. This work used data from the 2010 Baromètre cancer survey and the 2016 Baromètre santé survey to examine health behaviours related to primary prevention of some cancers (alcohol consumption and sun protection) and infectious diseases (childhood vaccinations). People of low socioeconomic status were more prone to relativize the alcohol-related risks of cancer and to have substantially less knowledge about sun health and more “false beliefs” about sun protection than people of high socioeconomic status. This knowledge and these false beliefs were significant mediators of the positive association between socioeconomic status and sun-protection behaviours. In the field of vaccination, we found a higher prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among parents who had at least passed the “bac”. This association was partly explained by their lower level of trust in health authorities and mainstream medicine than among the least educated group and by their greater commitment to making “good” health-related decisions. From a public health perspective, these results furnish avenues for designing health promotion interventions that take into account the social context in which people’s health behaviours are embedded to improve both effectiveness and equity
Deleuze, Anne-Sophie. ""Chic, choc, chèque" : les comportements sexuels à risque des étudiantes universitaires de Lomé (Togo)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23683.
Kacou, Elise Amoin. "Comportements sexuels à risque au temps du VIH/Sida : le cas des jeunes en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/919efed5-8c0f-4a72-821e-0c5405bead29.
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Ivory Coast remains considerably high compared to the levels observed in other West African countries. Most new HIV infections cases occur among young people of age 15-24 years. The hopes of reversing the trend of this epidemic lie in this age group. This dissertation aims at examining sexual risk behaviors among young people in a changing social and economic context. The objective is to understand factors that could explain the evolution of risky sexual behavior. The data used in this dissertation is from five complementary sources: The Demographic and Health Surveys of 1998 and 2012, the AIDS Indicator Survey of 2005, the context of youth sexuality survey as part of West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP), 2015 and a qualitative survey we organized in the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), 2015.Our findings reveal a lack of compliance with traditional norms of sexuality in Africa. Sexual intercourse formerly exclusive in marriage, especially among girls, tends to fade while premarital sex is on the rise. Traditional methods of social control are weakening, an early emancipation of young people from their families is being observed and a decline in the involvement of extended family members in socialization, resulting in high-risk sexuality for sexually transmitted infections including HIV / AIDS. Moreover, this sexuality of young singles often comes at an early age insofar as a lack of physical immaturity and a lack of information on AIDS puts them at greater risk.This study shows that the timing of premarital sexual initiation determines whether or not condoms are used. Thus, young people who start their sexual life early are more likely not to use condoms at the time of this occurrence. By looking at multiple sex partnerships, the results show that the adoption of such behavior emanates from individual decisions influenced mainly by the family environment and the socio-economic context. A comprehensive analysis of multi-partnership based on a qualitative survey highlights aspects that are not sufficiently taken into account in standardized quantitative surveys. In addition, it appears that the disarticulation of socialization or the breakdown of social and emotional ties has an influence on the use of multiple partners. Finally, we note that preventive practices among young people have made significant progress between 1998 and 2012. From a programmatic point of view, this result is rather encouraging because it proves that the fight against AIDS is progressing in the country. However, between 2005-2012, the proportion of youth who didn’t use condoms remained stable. As young urban residents and the most educated have contributed more to the maintenance of risky behavior, it is necessary to redefine the objectives and reform the STI prevention programs in Côte d'Ivoire
Bouhnik, Anne-Déborah. "Comportements à risque des personnes vivant avec le VIH en France dans le contexte des multithérapies antirétrovirales." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20737.
The advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in 1996 considerably changed life perspectives of people living with HIV (PLWHs). However, concerns have been raised that these improvements may increase the opportunities for relapse to risk behaviors. This thesis proposes to study the determinants of risky behaviors among PLWHs in France, and to analyze to what extent HAART has modified or not these behaviors. This thesis uses data of two surveys: - MANIF 2000, cohort of 467 patients HIV-infected through injection drug use, initiated in 1995. - The ANRS-EN12-VESPA, conducted in 2003 among a sample of nearly 3000 individuals, representative of people living with HIV followed in hospital. Empirical results show that none of the HIV-clinical outcomes appears as significantly determinant of risky behaviors, whatever the sexual orientation and the type of partner considered. However, HAART related side effects appear as significantly associated with a higher frequency of unsafe sex among injecting drug users engaged in occasional relationships. Poor mental quality of life is also a capital determinant of unsafe sex with occasional partners among gay men. Within heterosexual men and women, analyses point out the impact of social vulnerability on risky behaviors. Among sero-nonconcordant couples, there is a significant relationship between risky behaviors and concealment of HIV-status. Finally, the last analysis shows the impact of HIV-experience on sexual difficulties perceived by PLWHs
Salvadori, Nicolas. "Evaluation of Strategies Aimed at Optimizing the Uptake of HIV Testing Services Impact of Counseling Methods on HIV Retesting Uptake in At-Risk Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Study Appointment Reminders To Increase Uptake of HIV Retesting By At-Risk Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Study in Thailand." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR017.
HIV still remains a major global public health concern. This is due in large part to the low proportion of infected people aware of their HIV status, a clear indicator that uptake of regular HIV testing by at-risk individuals is insufficient. In the setting of an interventions research project in northern Thailand providing testing and counseling services for HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis to 5,733 clients between October 2015 and January 2019, we evaluated strategies aimed at optimizing the uptake of HIV testing services. In a first randomized controlled trial (RCT), we found that computer-assisted counseling significantly reduced the time spent on counseling while having similar efficacy as standard counseling in terms of uptake of retesting, change in HIV knowledge, change in sexual risk behaviors, and acceptability. In a second RCT, we found that scheduling an appointment and sending a reminder one week before was a simple, easy-to-implement and affordable intervention that significantly increased the uptake of HIV retesting by at-risk individuals. In a retrospective study, we found that the decision to recommend HIV retesting based on the counselor’s assessment was strongly dependent on the counselor and poorly consistent with that based on data-driven assessment (clients’ answers to self-administered questionnaires and syphilis test results)
Coulaud, Pierre-Julien. "Besoins exprimés et comportements sexuels à risque des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes suivis dans une offre diversifiée de prévention du VIH en contexte communautaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0064/document.
The new HIV/AIDS guidelines recommend a combined package consisting of multiple preventive strategies to limit new infections among the most affected populations. In West Africa, men who have sex with men (MSM) are especially vulnerable to HIV infection. In this context, the response of HIV programs primarily relies on healthcare services provided by community-based organizations. However, there is limited data regarding HIV-negative MSM accessing a combined preventive package in West Africa as well as on their motivations for being followed-up in community-based services and on their risky sexual behaviors. This work used the data collected from an interventional cohort (CohMSM) offering a quarterly preventive follow-up to HIV-negative MSM in community-based settings in four West African countries (Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo). The results demonstrate that the needs of the participants are in favor of a comprehensive sexual health offer. Access to PrEP is also considered by MSM as a priority need in view of their high-risk sexual behaviors. This also helps to better identify MSM who are at high-risk of exposure to HIV infection. Furthermore, the quarterly preventive follow-up also appears to reduce risky sexual practices in MSM most at risk. Thus, these results contribute to a better understanding of the implementation of a combined prevention package for MSM in a community setting
Gagnon, Dominique. "Santé sexuelle et prévention : étude exploratoire des croyances liées à l'adoption et au maintien de comportements sexuels sécuritaires chez des adultes âgés de 18 à 29 ans du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27752/27752.pdf.
Kiely, Marilou. "Vaccination contre les VPH, dépistage du cancer du col utérin et sexualité : connaissances, croyances et comportements des femmes québécoises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26883/26883.pdf.
Jovic, Sonia. "Engagement précoce dans des comportements à risque des adolescents scolarisés : comprendre pour mieux prévenir, résultats de l'enquête HBSC France 2010." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2756/.
During adolescence, teenagers experiment and acquire behaviours which may have immediate or later effect, and may become habits having consequences during their all life. The risk is as high as the initiation of such behavior occurs early. We studied associations between the main social sphere for teenagers (family, peers and school), the neighborhood where they live, and the following risky behaviours: early sexual initiation, cannabis experimentation and daily smoking. To do so, individual data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (WHO) realized in France in 2010 were used. They were completed with ecological data, obtained by geocoding areas where schools were located, and informations about schools where children were schooled, given by the French Ministry of Education
Achin, Laurence, and Mireille Prud'homme. "Sida : quand l'amour et la sexualité s'emmêlent : Impact des mentalités amoureuses et sexuelles sur l'adaptation des attitudes et des comportements sexuels au risque V.I.H. Enquête auprès de la population du département de l'Isère, âgée de 20 à 40 ans, printemps 1991." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE29035.
This inquiry, made in 1991 with a sample of 800 representative people according to quota's method of the isere's population, 20 to 40 years old deals with the impact of sexual and love mentalities on the adaptation of sexual attitudes and behaviour at the risk of the h. I. V. . We wanted to study how, the way of having and managing the individual risk of contamination, the individual representations of love feeling and sexuality as far as it concern the personal contribution and inter-individual exchange, which could occur to a possible responsabilisation towards the risk of contamination by the h. I. V. . The analysis of inquiries had demonstrate an obvious impact of the anxious effect of aids on the evolution of individual sexuality on account of the threat of aids. She had shaun a variation of the individual representation concerning the love feeling and sexuality,notably according to an emotional-sexual situation lived by the inquiry. She permitted us to conclude that the individual responsabilisation towards the risk of contamination by the h. I. V. . , join in the relationnal context and is according to theworth which the inquiry gives to it
Robillard, Purcell Maya. "Impact d'une intervention en nutrition sur les comportements alimentaires et la préoccupation excessive à l'égard du poids chez des jeunes adolescents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30748/30748.pdf.
Chaillou, Cedric. "« Nouveaux symptômes » et Choix inconscients : de l’impasse du trouble des conduites aux sorties possibles de la délinquance." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2020theseChaillouCComplet.pdf.
From a critical study of the Conduct Disorder, we will successively set out the different scientific theories focused onto crime and antisocial behavior in order to select the ones that seem to be the most relevant to address the question. Our research was able to reveal the scientific limits of these kind of behaviors. In a first part, questioning its meaning and its evolution into the international nosography. Then, we studied the evaluation methods, the different factors and the preventions given for this Disorder : no consensus theory emerge from the researchers. In a second part, we treated the different theories that enlighten the point of views about this Disorder which are linked to the behavioral problems and crimes. We demonstrated that some theories were in relationship with others depending on their topics and others theories had their limits in their core. In a third part, we put forward a revaluation of the Psychopathology of the behavioral problems with the contribution of the Psychoanalysis and Sociology. We sustain that the desistance (the cessation of offending or other antisocial behavior) is more relevant to seize the processes, it enables the social link and makes the biological perspectives go away. This concept can throw new light from the unconscious choices of the subject, several clinical cases allow us to illustrate and consider a therapeutic efficiency into the effects of the language
Melioli, Tiffany. "Troubles du comportement alimentaire : psychoéducation et prévention par internet." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20090.
Study 1 – Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Internet-based programs in decreasing eating disorder (ED) symptoms and to identify moderator variables of effects. Results: Compared to control conditions, Internet-based programs were successful in decreasing ED symptoms and risk factors with small to moderate between-group effect sizes. Moderator analyses revealed no impact of participant risk status on intervention effects. Study 2 – Aims: To evaluate an ED Internet-based prevention program efficacy (ProYouth) on decreases of disordered eating symptoms. Results: Among individuals having completed at least 4 monitoring assessments, time since registration was found to significantly predict decreases in binge eating (β = -.01, p < .001). Study 3 – Aims: To disseminate, through Internet, French guidelines for providing first aid to individuals suffering from ED symptoms and to explore the user characteristics and the perceived usefulness of the guidelines. Results: The guidelines were downloaded 1174 times and 312 participants have reported downloading the guidelines to increase their knowledge, or out of curiosity. Forty-two of the 50 users having completed the second questionnaire found the guidelines “useful” or “very useful.” Conclusion: The Internet might have great potential to prevent EDs among French college students. Promoting reliable information through the Internet could help to increase ED mental health literacy and would therefore be an important step towards improving access to ED treatment
Koudou, Opadou. "Le comportement délinquant de l'adolescent ivoirien : développement, facteurs et prévention." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/koudou_o.
Ivorian adolescent delinquency behaviour expands in hierarchical stages (emergence, activation and aggravation stages) with two levels of withdrawal. It structures in delinquency behaviours: Occasional, light persistant and serious persistant. At each stage corresponds a group of explanatories factors, continuous, specifics, in interaction and so hierarchicaly structured and of a discriminatory way: connected social and family dysfunction; personality at risk and launchers (primaries, secondaries and tertiairies). Regression of these three groups of factors conduct at the two lewels of withdrawal. The prevention (for evaluation) concerns emergence, delinquency, situation at risk and delinquency behaviour persistant; The whole is organized about a structure of psychosocial readaptation. At last, this study conduct at a model proposition, HIDSO model (Hierarchical, Interactive and Discriminative about Organizer Subject)
Kankou, Jean-Médard. "Divulgation du statut VIH et comportements sexuels à risque chez les migrants originaires d'Afrique Subsaharienne traités par antirétroviraux en France." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1123/document.
Background: Migrants from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are particularly affected by the HIV/ AIDS epidemic in France. Despite a fall in the number of new diagnoses observed in the last decade in France, in 2016 migrants from SSA accounted for 39% of the 6,003 people who discovered their HIV positive status in France. Although the majority of these people are infected in their country of origin because of the epidemiological situation, virological data and cross-sectional surveys suggest that some of the infections occur after migration to France. These post-migration infections can be attributed to risky sexual behavior in intra-African sexual networks where HIV prevalence is high. Objectives: to study at once the determinants of HIV status disclosure, predictive factors of virological rebound during a transitional stay in the country of origin and factors associated with risky sexual behavior. Methods: we used the ANRS-VIHVO survey data set up between 2007- 2009. This cohort studied migrants from SSA living in France with HIV infection managed with antiretroviral therapy, and who had planned a transitional stay in their countries of origin for a period of 15 days to 6 months. Results: Our work highlighted a significant overall rate of HIV status disclosure, 86 % [CI 95%: 82- 90%]. Disclosure to the partner, an important component of the risk reduction strategy of HIV transmission in couples, is relatively low, 79% (95% CI: 73-85%) overall, whose 88% (95% CI: 82-94%) in France vs 53% (95% CI: 38-69%) in the country of origin where some people have regular sex partners. After the trip in ASS, 11.4% (95% CI: 7.3- 15.5%) of people developed a virological rebound mainly due to lack of adherence to treatment during the trip. Non-systematic use of condoms is observed in more than a third of the study subjects, ie, 38.4 % (95% CI: 30.0- 46.7%) with the regular partner and 34.5% (95% CI: 21.8-56.7%) with casual partners. Several predictors of HIV status disclosure, the unsystematic use of condoms and the occurrence of virological rebound after the trip to SSA, were identified in our work. Conclusion: undetectable viral load throughout the follow-up prevents the sexual transmission of HIV to the partner. This risk reduction goes through by the disclosing the HIV status to the partner, condom use in case of detectable viral load or multiple partners, and sustained adherence to antiretroviral therapy
Adriouch, Solia. "Prévention nutritionnelle des maladies cardiovasculaires : comportement alimentaire et apports en polyphénols." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD029/document.
Nutrition is one of the modifiable environmental factors that may have a major role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this context, in etiological epidemiology, there has been a growing interest in polyphenols – bioactive components that are potentially protective. Hence, the general objective of the work presented in this thesis was to study the link between the quality of the diet and CVD, based on data from the French cohorts SU.VI.MAX and NutriNet-Santé.The first objective was to study the prospective association between an individual score measuring the overall quality of the diet (the FSA-NPS DI) and CVD risk, in the context of a French national primary prevention strategy aiming to apply a coloured front-of-package label (the 5C label). The second objective was to examine the association of dietary intakes of different polyphenols with CVD risk and with weight change, using the Phenol-Explorer® composition table. Finally, the third objective was to compare the food and nutrient consumptions and lifestyle behaviours of NutriNet-Santé participants presenting a CVD or a cardiometabolic disorder with those of ‘control’ participants. Concerning the first objective, our results indicated that the choice of foods of a lower nutritional quality, as reflected by a higher FSA-NPS DI score, was associated with an increase in CVD risk – in particular among overweight or obese participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort, and among participants of the SU.VI.MAX cohort that were smokers or had a low physical activity level. Concerning the second objective, our results indicated that anthocyanins, catechins, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, dihydroflavonols, hydroxybenzoic acids, other phenolic acids and stilbenes were associated with a lower CVD risk. Our results also indicated that a higher intake of total polyphenols as well as a higher intake of falvones, flavanones, proanthocyanins, lignans and hydroxycinnamic acids was associated with a less pronounced increase in body mass index and waist circumference over 6 years. Concerning the third objective, we have shown that adults presenting a CVD or a cardiometabolic disorder had less beneficial behaviours than control participants of the same age and sex, in terms of physical activity, smoking status, and the consumption of alcohol, fruits and vegetables, whole grain cereals, of meat and particularly of processed meat. In addition, we have observed a lower intake of most polyphenol categories among patients. Our results thus provide indications on the nutritional elements that should be at the centre of secondary and tertiary prevention strategies, so as to improve the treatment of CVD and cardiometabolic dysfunctions once that they are diagnosed.To conclude, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the role of nutritional factors in the development of CVD, using both holistic and specific (through polyphenols) approaches. These results are of interest for future prevention strategies that aime at reducing the risks of CVD through nutrition
Rusnac, Natalia. "Comparaison sociale dans le contexte du risque chez des participants sains et en privation chronique de sommeil : impact sur l'auto-évaluation, les affects et le comportement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG044/document.
The main goal of this PhD research was to study the consequences of social comparison on implicit and explicit self-evaluation in terms of cautiousness, on affect and on risk-taking behavior. In a series of studies, participants were exposed to a comparison standard who displayed either cautious (high standard) or reckless (low standard) drinking behavior. Results show that participants confronted with the high standard implicitly perceive themselves as more reckless and experience higher levels of anxiety than participants exposed to the low standard. On the other hand, the comparison standard does not influence explicit self-evaluation and controlled behaviors. These results indicate that there might be a dissociation between automatic (implicit) and controlled (explicit) processes involved in social comparison. On an applied level, regarding alcohol prevention campaigns, our findings suggest that it could be more effective to show a cautious standard rather than a reckless one
Masante-Roca, Ingwild. "Attraction de l'eudémis de la vigne par la plante hôte : gènes, cerveau et comportement." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21109.
Olfaction plays a major role in the process of host plant finding in moths. The understanding of the host plant attraction is essential to develop new biological control methods against a serious pest insect, the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana. I studied olfactory guided behaviour, as well as its neurological basis in this tortricid species. Wind tunnel experiments showed that only mated females responded to grapevine plant odours. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that structure and function of neurons in the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL), were correlated and varied depending on sex and mating status. A complete 3D-AL atlas was reconstructed and glomeruli housing arborisations of physiologically characterised neurons were identified. I identified and cloned a gene, Lbfor (L. Botrana foraging). Its expression in the brain being is higher in mated than in virgin females, thus suggesting a role in behavioural plasticity
Bouffard, Marianne. "Le soutien au comportement positif et la prévention des problèmes disciplinaires à l'école." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28034/28034.pdf.
Bouchard, Jean-Pierre. "Le parricide commis par des sujets masculins psychotiques : de l'analyse clinique à la prévention." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20058.
Parricide has always been considered as "the crime of all crimes". This rare and very poorly studied homicide is still an unclear phenomenon. After having reconsidered the clinical history of the crime, this research, based on 54 parricide cases (24 matricides, 18 patricides, 12 double parricides) committed by psychotic men over 17, tries to fill this gap. This study brings forward evidence of the aggressors' pre-existing, generally ancient and psychiatrically underestimated or negleeted motivations, that in favour of provoking factors, are at the origin of this violent, archaic and pathological acting out. This statement based on the most important cohort gathered for a clinical study confirms our previous one. It allows us to identify the factors of alert or risk concerning parricide. The detection of these factors within their logical evolution can lead to preventing parricide and its attempts. Its seems possible to extend these conclusions to other human pathological aggressions. They can also be of judicial interest in terms of mental estimation and concerning the trend of certain crime inquiries. Finally, they confirm the interest to open new therapeutic ways of early taking care of psychotic individuals
Racon, Patrick. "Phénomènes suicidaires chez l'adolescent guadeloupéen : approche clinique et psychopathologique de la tentative de suicide : prévention et prise en charge." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0027.
Attempted suicide during adolescence is a growing concern in Guadeloupe. The rise of the phenomenon and poverty research on clinical and psychopathologic plan we gave rise to better understand the mechanisms of attempted suicide and query prevention systems and decision-making support. The results highlight the suicidal gesture during adolescence is rooted in a narcissistic problematic in the threat of others and the failure of enlarged faimly containment function. Furthermore, it is possible, to clinical, psychological and psychotherapeutical tools and also in connection with the clinic during adolescence in Guadeloupe, allow caregivers welcoming these young people to develop an expertise and a knowledge-being, needed to better support this suicidal suffering and prevent suicide
Mirkovic, Bojan. "Les conduites suicidaires à l'adolescence : de la clinique à l'épidémiologie génétique." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR08.
Suicide is one of the mean causes of morbidity-mortality (potentially preventable) among adolescents. It is a comple: public health problem with a multifactorial origin. The management of suicidal adolescents is difficult and marked by high rate of relapse. In order to help clinicians to better plan and organize care and prevention, improve the theoretics knowledge is one of the research objectives in this area. In this sense, we have tried in this thesis shed light on suicidz behavior in adolescence. In the first part, after recalling the epidemiological data, we tried to synthesize the available dat on the risk factors and we detailed the protective factors associated with suicidal behavior. In the second part, we preser the results of a multicenter clinical population of 167 adolescents (aged 13-17 years) hospitalized for a suicide attemp We show that productive coping strategies are associated with a decrease in depression scores. The strategy "to focus 0: the positive" is protective of depression and suicidal thoughts after a suicide attempt. Finally in the third part, after seein conducted a systematic review of genetic association studies in adult and adolescent population published in the las decade, we have conducted a genetic association study in an independent sample of 98 teenagers hospitalized fc attempted suicide and 150 healthy volunteers. We selected 22 variants previously identified as significantly associate with suicidal behaviors. These variants are located in 12 candidate genes (COMT CRHR1, FKBP5, SLC6A4, HTR1E HTR2A, TPH1, TPH2, BDNF, NTRK2, NOS1, IL28RA) proposed to have a role in the pathophysiology of suicidz behavior. Our results have failed to demonstrate a significant association between markers of interest and suicide attempt after correction for multiple testing. Currently, the genetic approach can not be used in clinical practice. On the othe band, clinical evaluation and analysis of cognitive aspects such as coping strategies can help us to better predict suicida risk in adolescence
Turcotte, Denise. "Facteurs relatifs à l'adoption de comportements préventifs et contraceptifs dans une population d'adolescents." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5309/1/000607719.pdf.
Nguyen, Khanh-Son. "Comportement thermo-chimique de matériaux minéraux : Application à la protection incendie." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0006.
The present PhD study is related to the European project FIREMAT (CRAFT 2002-2005) dedicated to the development of new fireproofing materials. Our study focus on a numerical modelling to simulate heat transfer in mineral materials with or without phase transition. The simulated results are compared with experimental measurements, essentially based on fire test requiring temperatures of the conventional fire curves such as ISO 834, HCM (Hydrocarbon Modified), etc. The modelling used a thermo-chemical combination approach to explain the behavior of materials at high temperature. Kinetic conversion of material is used for the calculation. The reliability of our numerical solution has been validated by numerical-experimental comparison of fire tests. The parameters of the proposed model and modified model are determined for different transformations in composite compounds : single kinetic reaction, uncombined kinetic or two combined reactions and several kinetic reactions (three reactions). Furthermore, the thermo-chemical approach is combined to a mechanical approach. The evolution of internal stress depends strongly on blocking distortion, especially at the edges of the tested panel. It's also explain our observation of early cracking during fire test in laboratory. Kinetics parameters identification of all inorganic compounds is necessary to use the developed numerical tool in a consistent manner. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) (micro and macro scale of sample) are realised and a database is deduced of thermal conversion of minerals compounds like gypsum, calcite, portlandite, gibbsite, brucite and phosphate binder. The results are generally quite good and provide a database in order to simulate materials behavior under thermal exposures and also environmental deterioration (e. G. Alteration by carbonation process). Moreover, different experimental results allow us to study the influence of the state of the material (powder state compared to solid state) on the results of modeling. A significant difference between analysis results of micro and macro scale is noted. To circumvent some difficulties related to modeling assumptions (boundary conditions, effects of mechanical degradation, etc. ) and bring the overall behavior of materials, another numerical method is developed. Such model is used to identify all significant parameters and not related to the kinetics conversion based on experimental results of fire tests. An inverse approach is developed from the easiest measured experimental data, e. G. Temperature field. The parameters values are finally deduced after minimisation of the gap between numerical and experimental data. The use of such numerical tools for industrial application is now available:pre-design technical solution before real scale tests proceeding application of kinetic database, prediction of test results under fire conventional ISO 834 from fire HCM results
Barbano, Maria Flavia. "Caractérisation des aspects consommatoires, motivationnels et anticipatoires du comportement alimentaire : implication de la dopamine et des opioïdes endogènes." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21216.
Feeding behavior is highly regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems The motivational, consummatory and anticipatory components of this behavior appear to be differentially regulated by opioids and dopamine. Our study is aimed first to characterize the motivational, anticipatory and consummatory components of feeding taking into account food palatability and homeostatic state of the animals ; and second, to study the implication of the opioid and dopaminergic systems on the control of these different components. Our results reinforce the idea that the opioid system regulates feeding through the modulation of food palatability perception. The dopaminergic system seems to be more implicated in the regulation of the anticipatory activity related to very relevant stimuli. Also, it may allow the evaluation of the cost/benefits to perform a given action
Moreau, Diane. "La perception de soi et son influence sur les comportements sexuels préventifs à l'adolescence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq26247.pdf.
Benard, Marc. "Association entre les préférences temporelles, le comportement alimentaire et le surpoids dans la cohorte NutriNet-Santé." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD017.
Eating behavior represents a major stake regarding public health because of its impact on noncommunicable diseases and more specifically obesity. Time preferences are psychological factors linked with self-regulation behaviors and could be associated with eating behavior and obesity. The main objective of this thesis was to study the relationship between time preferences, eating behavior, and obesity in a general population. Time preferences were assessed with questionnaires measuring impulsivity and consideration of future consequences. This work was conducted as part of the NutriNet-Santé study, which is a large web-based cohort. Impulsivity was associated with a lower diet quality, a higher snacking frequency, and eating disorders. A high level of consideration of future consequences was associated with greater concern for health and environment when choosing food, with a better diet quality and a higher contribution of organic foods in the diet. Impulsivity and a low consideration of future consequences were positively associated with obesity and quantitatively moderated the relationship between emotional eating and obesity. These results suggest that time preferences influence eating behavior and obesity, and bring new arguments in favor of the consideration of psychological determinants in public health prevention strategies
Umulisa, Guillaume Chantal. "Les représentations psychosociales du suicide, modèles épidémiologiques du suicide, profils de santé mentale, et effets de champs : approche structurale des représentations." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A120.
Ngo, Mbous Leocadie. "Résistance à la prévention du VIH-SIDA chez les "migrants" en France : le cas de Camerounais." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA084099.
Will UNAID’s goal of “zero HIV/AIDS contamination” be reached by 2015? Two years before the deadline, this aim seems difficult to achieve; especially regarding to France and its 6 000 to 6 500 annual new infections since 2004. Why such stability in incidence rate? Two groups seem to be strongly concerned: homosexuals and migrants. This work is concerned with migrants group. In France, migrants have been greatly involved in the fight against HIV/Aids since 2001. Who are they really? Why are they considered a target group? How does prevention take into account in their trajectory of belonging to two different spaces of cultural references? Of which populations are they made up? Cameroonians, who are one of the components of this group, constitute the matrix of this work that is rooted in the words and sayings of 60 people who make up the sample. Without them, how could we understand the reluctance/resistance to HIV/Aids that touch the most intimate aspect of man, namely love and sex? This research, from what the subjects will say, aims at shedding light to the understanding of the resistance to HIV/Aids. Only two people out of sixty succeeded in building a preventive ideal from the knowledge of their serological status. For others, an emergency action is required. It requires a renewing of the traditional instruments of prevention. An emergency that needs to take into account, in addition to cognitions and affects, the neotenic dimension of persons to rethink an entry to prevention for all those who need it
Ziebel, Christelle. "Conducteurs infractionnistes : quelles pistes pour une prévention efficiente : proposition d'une extension du modèle de la théorie du comportement planifiée d'Ajzen (1991)." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ001L.
This research aims at understanding social cognition and personality variables linked with different driving behaviours among drivers taking a course designed to raise awareness about the causes and consequences of road traffic accidents. We refer to the theory of planned behaviour by Ajzen (1991). We also add descriptive norms concerning family, anticipated regrets, social support and personality measures : impulsivity, time perspective and conscienciousness. 251 offenders aged from 18 to 77 have participated at the study. The results show that the behavioural beliefs (BB), descriptive norms (DN) and Past negative (PN) explain 47% of the committment of exceeding the speed limit less than 20 km/h. The BB, the DN and sensation seeking explain 20% of the committment of exceeding the speed limit by at least 30 km/h. The BB, the DN and urgency explain 26% of the frequency of close following. The BB, Present hedonistic and not to be with social support explain 44% of the commitment of risky driving. The BB, the normative beliefs (NB) and DN explain 42% of the frequency of not wearing the safety belt. A heavy marijuana consumption and BB (to feel able to drive after taking drugs) explain 43% of the commitment of Driving Under the influence (DUI) of marijuana. This same BB, coupled with a heavy drinking and NB explain 32% of the commitment of DUI of alcohol. To conclude, an effective prevention requires to implement action plans in 3 differents levels : the subject, the family, the society
Moussa, Yahaya-Lemay Aïssata. "Enjeux et stratégies de communication dans le cadre de la lutte contre le VIH/SIDA en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas du Niger." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10174.
This Thesis is in relation between, communication, and the fight against HIV/AIDS in West Africa, precisely in Niger. The subject of this study is apprehended within the Science of Information and Communication field, mainly through the domain of “action of communication and societal utility”.In Niger, the prevalence of HIV stands low: 0, 7% (Health and Demographic survey in Niger, 2007). However, the cumulative characteristics of this country reveal a profile that could advantage the easy spread of the disease (poverty, socio cultural shortages…). The incidence of HIV remains a crucial problem for public health for which the prevention denotes to date the only way to stop the propagation of the disease. Firstly, our studies will involve the understanding of the communicational stakes of the disease prevention. The problematic will question the practices of the performers (those acting for prevention) which expect to change the behaviours of receptors. Secondly, the expected perspective of this work, pioneer in Niger, will be to link communication to action on the one hand, and on the other hand to study both the change in facts connected to the change in meanings and values and the implementation of this change. The theoretical and methodological background privileged is symbolized by the paradigm of the “binding communication” (Joule, 2000; Bernard & Joule, 2004) – going from ideas to facts (and reciprocally) – in order to fight against the HIV/AIDS disease. Finally, we will learn the notion of “establishing communication” (Joule & Bernard, 2005: Bernard, 2006) – the role of medias and mediations to found the changes in facts and values easing the passage from individual responsibility to collective responsibility
Gilbert, Baril Chanelle. "Prévention de la rechute en réalité virtuelle : stratégies pour faire face aux situations à risque." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67315.
Iskandarani, Wassim. "Feu dans un bâtiment et comportement humain : gessi : un modèle et un logiciel." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD455.
Remy, Alberte. "Comportement sexuel et prévention du sida : que pensent les jeunes lycéens ? : résultats d'une enquête menée par interviews semi-directives." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25320.