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Дисертації з теми "Comportement de colmatage"
Gaillard, Fabrice. "Etude du comportement d'un filtre à gaz autonettoyant par fluidisation." Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS022.
Повний текст джерелаThe production of gas of great purity usually requires use of high effectiveness filters, wich change with the time, imposing the need for periodic replacement when they are clogged or their sequential unclogging. Some researches developed on the adjustment of processes allow to control or to limit the clogging of the filter. It is for example the case of the tangential filtration and continuous cleaning by ultrasounds or shock waves. In our study, the process considered is the coupled use of fluidization and filtration. The interest of this process lies in the fact it allows the filtration of a gas while controling the clogging of the filter medium by the action of the fluidized particles friction on it. As a result, only a fraction of the gas is filtered, whereas the remaining one goes over through the bed to maintain the fluidization. The filter zone can occupy the whole or part of the fluidized bed. It can consist of filter elements immersed in the bed or by elements forming the walls of the bed. So, a parallel assembly, like a filter press employed in water treatment, can be used. The flow of a part of the gas through the filter medium leads to a vertical velocity gradient, which modifies the aspect of the fluidization and leads to a particular hydrodynamics of this process. The principle of the process is the following : the gas to be treated enters the lower part of the module. The grains of the bed, fluidized by the inflowing gas, are imparted a random movement. Some grains therefore come into contact with the filter wall. By rubbing on this wall they scrape the particle cake, therby limiting its formation on the filter surface. The aggregates of particles removed from the filter wall are then entrained towards the top of the bed. Consequently, part of the gas passing trough the filtering element is totally purified while the remaining fraction of the gas crosses the entire heigh of the fluidized bed and it concentrates in particles
Menaceur, Hamza. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique et microstructure de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1167/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of nuclear energy in recent years requires safe solutions for the storage of radioactive waste. A solution proposed for high activity radioactive waste is the storage indeep low permeability geological formations such as claystones. In this perspective, Andra, the French agency for the management of radioactive wastes, supported investigations on theshort and long term behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone, considered as apotential host rock in France. In this framework, a microscopic and macroscopic experimental study on the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of COx claystone was carried out. In this work, a microstructure investigation of the water retention properties of the Cox claystone was performed. The water retention properties were determined by controlling suction through the vapour phase, with also the monitoring of volume changes and changes indegree of saturation as a function of suction along the drying and wetting paths. The study was completed by a microstructure investigation based on the use of mercury intrusion porosimetry on freeze-dried specimens. It was observed that the concepts governing the hydration of smectites appeared useful to better understand the effects of changes in water content and suction on the microstructure of COx claystone. In a second step, the compression-swelling behaviour of the COx claystone was related to micro structure features by performing high pressure oedometer compression tests and byrunning mercury intrusion porosimetry tests and scanning electron microscope observationson specimens submitted to compression and stress release. The results obtained showed that the potential of swelling was linked to the density of cracks generated during compression. The thermo-mechanical behaviour of fully saturated COx claystone specimens was investigated from shear and drained heating tests using a hollow cylinder triaxial device specially developed for low permeability materials. The shear tests at 25°C evidenced lowershear strength on specimens with higher porosity. The preliminary results obtained at 80°Cevidenced a more ductile response, with slightly smaller shear strength and little changes of the elastic parameters at elevated temperature. Drained isotropic heating tests confirmed thecontracting volumetric plastic behaviour of the COx argillite, similar to normally consolidated clays. The effect of thermal pressurisation of the pore water on a specimen with a pre-existingshear plan was investigated. The results showed that undrained heating under shear stress decreased the effective stress, bringing back the sheared specimen to failure. The self-sealing properties of COx claystone at 25 and 80°C were investigated by conducting steady state permeability tests on sheared specimens at various stages. The results showed that the overall permeability of the sheared specimen at 25 and 80°C was comparable to that before shearing, confirming the good self-sealing properties of COx claystone
Li, Yang. "Visualization and analysis of particle settling and clogging behavior in porous media." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAR0003.
Повний текст джерелаHow suspended particles deposit and lead to clogging in a porous medium is crucial for many application scenarios. This research uses a transparent model of porous medium to visualize particle behaviors. The use of a particle detection algorithm on highspeed camera images enables us to track particle trajectories and velocities. The particle mechanical behavior is analyzed at different size ratios (particle size divided by pore size). Firstly, analysis has shown that gravity governs the single particle motion. The trajectories of a particle injected at different positions converge once it has passed the first obstacles. Each trajectory bypasses the obstacles while maintaining an overall vertical motion of deep infiltration. Velocity is influenced by the presence of obstacles and the fluid itself. Next, the injection of an increasing number of particles has demonstrated a critical number of particles beyond which particles accumulate in the porous medium. This critical number depends on the size ratio. This accumulation would lead to clogging and can be characterized by zero particle outflow. By counting the number of clogging cases over multiple tests, we can quantify the probability of clogging as a function of the number of particles injected and the particle size ratio
Park, Sang-Hoon. "Contribution a l'etude du comportement de materiaux colmatants dans une fissure : experiences en laboratoire avec une montmorillonite sodique dans une fissure simulee." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0043.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia-Vasquez, Wendy. "Etude du comportement à long terme des membranes échangeuses d’ions utilisées dans les procédés d’électrodialyse." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1111/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe long term behavior of anion and cation-exchange membranes used in conventional electrodialysis for food industry applications was investigated. Some of these membranes were homogeneous and some others were heterogeneous. The approach of this thesis is based upon the analysis of several physico-chemical, structural and mechanical properties of new samples and aged ones in electrodialysis stacks (in-situ) or under artificial ageing protocols at laboratory scale (ex-situ).The in-situ investigation of different ion-exchange membranes used in the purification of organic acids and in whey demineralization confirmed that anion-exchange membranes are more prone to degradation than the cation-exchange membranes. It was observed, as well, that changes in the transport properties, and subsequently in the membrane performance, are dependant of the modifications of the membrane microstructure. The microheterogeneous model was improved and applied for the interpretation and quantification of the ageing consequences on ion-exchange membranes. Assessment of the cleaning process effect on the long term behavior of ion-exchange membranes used in electrodialysis for the food industry applications was the objective of the ex-situ investigation. The ageing protocols were performed using acidic or alkaline solutions or by alternating both of them, as well as in oxidant bleach solutions. Among other findings, it was proven that the damage caused by the acid-base cleaning cycles provoked severe degradation to anion-exchange membranes. Furthermore this cleaning process was the main cause of ageing of homogeneous anion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis for whey demineralization. Comparisons between results obtained by in-situ and ex-situ ageing protocols confirmed their similarity. Therefore, it may be considered that under well-chosen operation conditions, ex-situ investigation is a well adapted method for the artificial ageing
Agboli, Mensan. "Étude expérimentale de l'impact de la propagation et de l'autocolmatage des fissures sur la perméabilité à l'eau et au gaz de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0070.
Повний текст джерелаThe excavation of underground galleries generally results in a zone damaged by fractures. In the context of the storage of radioactive waste in deep clay layers, this network of fractures desaturates the host rock and causes it to lose its confinement properties (very low permeability, good mechanical strength). This thesis focuses on the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx), a geological formation chosen in France (Bure, Meuse/Haute-Marne) for its potential as a containment barrier for radioactive waste. Using an experimental approach, the impact of crack propagation and self-sealing on the water and gas permeability of the COx claystone was studied. Self-sealing tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens artificially fractured under X-ray tomography, under different orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane) and temperatures, with different calcite contents, different opening widths of the initial fracture, and with the injection of different fluids such as water and gas. The objective being to better understand the impact of these different factors on the self-sealing process of the COx claystone (changes in permeability and fracture closure). Furthermore, fracturing tests with measurement of gas permeability were also carried out for the two orientations in order to study the impact of microcracking damage on the hydraulic properties of the COx claystone. It has been observed that the mineralogical composition of the claystone plays a determining role in the effectiveness of self-sealing. High calcite content, combined with low clay content, has been identified as a limiting factor, thereby compromising the rock's ability to self-seal effectively. To guarantee effective sealing, it is necessary that the calcite content remains below 40%. In general, the self-sealing process is rapid at the start of the test and then stabilizes after a month. The water permeability of the samples is partially restored (~10-18-10-19 m²) compared to the initial permeability of healthy claystone (i.e. without fracture) (~10-20- 10-21 m²) and the closure of the fracture is almost complete. Furthermore, the self-sealing process appears to be equally effective for both parallel and perpendicular orientations. The impact of temperature on the self-sealing process has not been clearly demonstrated. Regarding the simultaneous injection of inert gas and water, our study demonstrated a retarding effect on the reduction of water permeability, mainly due to gas-induced desaturation. Despite this delay, the self-sealing process proved effective, inducing a significant reduction in permeability. The fracturing tests (triaxial compression tests) showed that the gas permeability gradually decreases for both orientations with increasing deviatoric stress, illustrating the closure of the initial cracks due to the axial compression of the samples. For higher deviatoric stresses, a significant increase in gas permeability is observed near the dilatancy threshold, particularly in samples oriented parallel to the bedding plane. This suggests a close link between the opening of microcracks and the increase in permeability