Дисертації з теми "Comportement de chasse"
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Laplanche, Christophe Motsch Jean-François. "Étude par acoustique passive du comportement de chasse du grand cachalot." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0394300.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVersion électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 99 réf.
Laplanche, Christophe. "Étude par acoustique passive du comportement de chasse du grand cachalot." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003943000204611&vid=upec.
Повний текст джерелаThe sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is a toothed whale, and mainly feed on meso-bathy-pelagic squid and fish. The sperm whale foraging behavior is still the most puzzling. This PhD work describes three passive acoustic methods to study the foraging behavior of free-ranging sperm whales. Such methods require only a single hydrophone. The first method is used to localize sperm whales in depth and range. Such a method has already been used in bioacoustics. It is here used in a medium of varying speed of sound. Using a Monte Carlo method makes possible the rough 3D reconstruction of sperm whale trajectories. The second method is used to measure inclination to the horizontal of diving sperm whales. The third method is used to detect and measure the roll, pitch, yaw movements of diving sperm whales. The latter method required the standard model describing the acoustic generator of the sperm whale to be corrected. All methods have been tested on recordings made with the research team in the Mediterranean Sea. Such results show that sperm whales do not forage in an opportunistic way. Sperm whales follow a methodic foraging technique. Such results and methods are new. One can apply these methods using a very simple apparatus (a single hydrophone)
Hanuise, Nicolas. "Stratégies de chasse chez le manchot royal : prise alimentaire et optimisation du comportement de plongée." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660310.
Повний текст джерелаZimmer, Cédric. "Impact d’un dérangement sur la balance énergétique, le comportement et la reproduction d’Anatidés : généralisation du compromis entre le risque de jeûne et le risque de prédation." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6106.
Повний текст джерелаA major trade-off birds have to deal with is the one related to the starvation-predation risk. This trade-off predicts that, to limit effects of risk, birds should maintain their body mass as low as possible when predation risk is high. However, the main results on that trade-off only come from studies on small passerines birds having a low level of body reserves. Moreover, such studies are generally limited to an energetic approach. Thus, the main aim of this study was to generalize this theory by checking whether it may apply to large species that developed different body reserves management strategies than passerines. In addition, this work takes into account the effect of a high predation risk on a greater number of factors and at different integrative levels to have a better understanding of the underlying adjustments. To do so, predation risk was experimentally increased in three ducks species which body mass and body reserves are at least three times higher than in the largest passerines. Body mass, body reserves, food intake, stress and sexual hormones, immune factors and time-budget variations were measured. Long-term effects on reproductive success were also assessed. We showed that the starvation-predation risk trade-off applies to ducks and may probably be extended to all bird species. Moreover, it appears that, in our conditions, an elevated predation risk during the wintering period did not have long-term negative effect on ducks’ reproductive success. Finally, we highlighted that advantageous complex physiological and behavioural adjustments (not only directly based on energetics) occurred in order to respond efficiently to the increase in predation risk
Duranel, Arnaud. "Effets de l'ingestion de plombs de chasse sur le comportement alimentaire et la condition corporelle du canard colvert (Anas platyrhynchos)." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Nantes, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825999.
Повний текст джерелаCrosmary, William. "La chasse aux trophées : conséquences comportementales, démographiques, et évolutives chez les populations d’ongulés : l’exemple des ongulés des savanes africaines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29088/29088.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTolon, Vincent. "Du processus de sélection d'habitat à la survie des proies dans le paysage du risque : implications pour l'exploitation de la faune sauvage." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS013.
Повний текст джерелаThis work studies interrelations between ultimate and proximal aspect of habitat selection strategies in the landscape of risk of a game species, the wild boar Sus scrofa L. , known to be source of numerous management troubles in Europe. To initiate this work we highlighted the necessity of a good fit between telemetry tools, statistical analyses and biological question when studying habitat selection on free ranging animals. Following works therefore rely on telemetric locations dataset performed on wild boar living in the vicinity of a protected area of the Geneva basin (France, Switzerland), and on GPS tracking of hunting dogs. First, we showed that shifts of activity centres in response to daily and seasonal risk variations were the highest in the vicinity of the protected areas, and reflected therefore the underlying scaling structure of the landscape of risk. Then we showed that the progressive dissociation of both wild boar and hunting dogs' multivariate habitat selection patterns led to a switch of mortality from adults to younger age classes when adults found refuge in the protected perimeter. Then, we showed that individuals selected directly, by moving between consecutive resting sites, the lowest hunted areas even if no hunting occurred at dawn when animals performed this habitat choice. This suggested the use of indirect information or a memorisation of risk levels from wild boar. Through the light of these results, we finally showed how the use of a moderate harvesting pressure, combined with the creation of a perceptual bias about risk levels in animals, could help to restore the control of population escaping from harvesting in refuges
Gerbe, Magali. "Économie alimentaire et environnement en Quercy au Paléolithique : étude des assemblages fauniques de la séquence des Fieux (Lot)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01080250.
Повний текст джерелаLebel, François. "Relations entre les attributs de l'habitat, le comportement des chasseurs et la récolte de cerfs de Virginie (Odocoileus Virginianus) à l'île d'Anticosti." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27741/27741.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTillon, Laurent. "Utilisation des gîtes et des terrains de chasse par les chiroptères forestiers, propositions de gestion conservatoire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30384/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe forest is the center of many interests that fuel the debates of our society. These debates are particularly exacerbated since the french " Grenelle de l'Environnement " in 2008. Among the various expectations, forest produce wood that is the subject of attentions, both by an increased demand for certain types of trees and by the naturalist world which sees in it one of last refuges for biodiversity in our modified landscapes. Thus, if the forest manager is trying to develop a management that is as much multifunctional as possible, it remains dependent on fragmented knowledge on the link between biodiversity and the forest ecosystem. Despite the establishment of a conservation policy that seeks to balance timber production and species preservation, the way to conduct such a policy is based on concrete field experiences yet scientifically unsubstantiated. Bats are good candidate species to study the response of biodiversity to forest management: they select networks of tree-roosts in which they form breeding colonies composed of several dozen individuals and they exploit forest habitats to hunt their prey, prey which themselves depend on forest microhabitats. However, their study is recent in forest and provides very vague management guidelines. To help managers implement a conservation management strategy, we thus studied the behavior of forest usage by three species of gleaning bats, Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis nattereri and Plecotus auritus. This work required to focus on the methods available to understand the use of space by each individual (home range) and how each individual selects its hunting habitats. We showed that each species had a unique response to available habitats and that the status of individuals (sex, age and reproductive status) intervenes in explaining the selection of tree roosts and hunting grounds. Both compartments are constrained by the availability of suitable habitat, helping to explain the structuring of habitat selection factors and the shape and surface of individual home ranges. Furthermore, the way networks of tree-roost are used partly explains the types of roosts selected. These different results means that it is necessary to lay down specific management strategies for each species, even each breeding colony. Finally, we studied the role of deadwood to explain the presence of bats in forests. We have shown that species richness increased from standing deadwood of 25m3 per hectare, while the response of species to deadwood was mainly restricted to forest habitat structure produced by the gaps resulting from the deadwood patch, favoring particularly edge-foraging species. Some species do however clearly benefit from insects emerging from deadwood. Five recommendations are proposed for the conservation of these species in a context of strong wood production
Schnapp, Alain. "La duplicite du chasseur : comportement juvenile et pratique cynegetique en grece ancienne aux epoques archaique et classique." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0304.
Повний текст джерелаFor the ancient greeks hunting was not only a means of relieving themselves of wild animals, a way of obtaining meat for food, it was also the distinct sign of mankind which was right away from the beasts and from the gods. As such, hunting gives the possibility of laying the foundations of anthropology and of vindicating the place of man in the city, and the place of the city in the world. Therefore the chasing and the capture of the animal are expounded, in greece, by a series of symbols. Philosophical enquiry, political metaphor, erotic vocabulary play with hunting as with an exhaustible pool for similes and images. I tried therefore to analyse the various aspects of hunting practice in epic poetry, tragedy, history and philosophy. Hunting is regularly represented in vase painting from the viith century to the ivth century. The investigation led me, then, to the interpretation of vase pictures. Through the appearing, the development of the modifications of them, i endeavoured to find the path for a social history which gives a privilegied place to youth behaviour. The confrontation of texts with pictures sketching this history and thus, the discovery of a somehow concealed part of the city face
Legagneux, Pierre. "Compromis entre alimentation et risque de prédation chez les canards hivernants : une approche multi-échelles." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173602.
Повний текст джерелаVan, Der Meer Ester. "L'herbe est-il plus verte de l'autre côté? : un test de l'hypothèse de piège écologique pour les lycaons (Lycaon pictus) dans et autour du parc national de Hwange." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839251.
Повний текст джерелаJouma'a, Joffrey. "Stratégies d'acquisition des ressources en proies et coût du transport chez l'éléphant de mer austral." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Southern Ocean is a fragile ecosystem whose dynamics are influenced by climate change that will structure the spatio-temporal distribution of resources. The objective of this PhD was to investigate the foraging strategies used by the southern elephant seal, under energetic (cost of transport and costs of access to the resource) and temporal (time at the bottom of a dive and aerobic dive limit) constraints. Using a set of animal-borne data loggers allowed us to reconstruct their three-dimensional path underwater, but also to calculate their swimming effort, the number of prey encountered and their energy expenditure. At the dive level, our study shows that elephant seals adapt their path, but also the time spent at the bottom, depending on the number of prey encountered. For high local prey density, they spent more time at the bottom, and concentrated their foraging effort in areas restricted search, characterized by a decrease in speed and an increase in horizontal sinuosity. Beyond 550 m, the cost of access to resources becomes greater than the cost of acquisition ; they must therefore deal with a trade-off between prey accessibility and availability. While feeding, these seals increase their buoyancy, reducing furthermore their energy expenditure. This study also shows a spatio-temporal structure of the energy expenditure that appears to be related to feeding success and therefore to prey resources distribution
Van, Der Meer Ester. "Is the grass greener on the other side? : testing the ecological trap hypothesis for African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in and around Hwange National Park." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10095/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhen animals show a preferential choice for sink habitat they are said to have been caught in an ecological trap. Habitat choice behaviour is beneficial in classic source-sink systems, as animals living in high quality habitat (natality>mortality) only choose to migrate into low quality habitat (natality
Gjika, Kostandin. "Comportement dynamique de structures localement non lineaire : cas des suspensions." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0016.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is concerned with the analysis and prediction of the dynamic behaviour of structures mounted on non-linear passive suspension. Experimental investigations using a specific experimental set-up have been performed as to identify the role of non linearities in the dynamic behaviour of visco-elastic mounts and of elasto-plastic mounts with dry friction. Experiments show the complex behaviour of the tested mounts and highlight the predominant effect of bath deflection and temperature. These effects are taken into account in the modelling of the mounts which involves the theory of the superposition of non-linear static and dynamic deflection. The specific Finite Element computer program permits the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the structure/suspension assembly. The Craigh and Bampton method is well adapted to the problem: it permits an acceptable computation time of the time response. The reliability of the computation model has been analytically and experimentally tested on different kinds of rigid structure on non-linear mounts. The response of flexible structures including a beam clamped at one end and retained at the other end by a non-linear mount has been investigated under sine wave excitations and shocks. The experimental results show that the response of the structure is well predicted. The present study allows the modelling of industrial structures, such as shipping equipments, and the prediction of their non-linear behaviour
Merzoug, Souhila. "Comportements de subsistance des Ibéromaurusiens d'après l'analyse archéozoologique des mammifères des sites de Tamar Hat, Taza 1 et Columnata (Algérie)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0047.
Повний текст джерелаA new prehistoric culture, the Iberomaurusian, emerged at the 22nd millennium. It spread in the North of Africa and was organized around an industrial complex based on the production of bladelets. For a better comprehension of the subsistence behaviours of these prehistoric men, we carried out a zooarchaeological study from three Iberomaurusian sites of Algeria. We showed some analogies in hunting strategies: selective hunting of the most abundant local game (the Barbary sheep in the mountains and the Hartebeest in grasslands). Other taxa were occasionnally consumed. The intensive bone fracturing indicates complete carcass exploitation. Moreover, there were recurrent butchery techniques on the three Algerian sites which existed over a long period. Therefore, it may show that the Iberomaurusians belong to a cultural group that lived on a perfectly exploited territory and whose behaviour reveals shared traditions
Rothschild, Aude. "Etude du comportement électrochimique de semiconducteurs III-V en présence d'hétéropolyanions." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0019.
Повний текст джерелаGhadiri-Asli, Néda. "Prix et comportements en Iran : analyse des causes et des conséquences des comportements inflationnistes des agents économiques en Iran." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010048.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Boujaddaini Mohamed Najib. "Modélisation et étude expérimentale du comportement thermo hydraulique des fluides frigoporteurs diphasiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0019.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns the experimental investigation and modelling of the thermo hydraulic behaviour of a new Iwo-phase secondary refrigerant, the paraffin slurry, flowing through a rectangular channel of a heat plate exchanger type. The paraffin slurries are made of millimetric bullets of paraffin, stabilized in an organic porous polymeric matrix, in suspension in water serving as a carrying fluid. The paraffin particles used contain 75% of paraffin called NORPAR®15 and 25% of a tri-block polymer of styrene with High Molecular Weight (HMW). The experimental results generated by the heat balances on the test sections of the experimental setup built in the Thermal Center of Lyon (CETHIL), highlight an important increase of the heat transfer coefficient, due to the particles presence in the carrying fluid. For a laminar flow of the paraffin slurry in the cold channel, an average multiplication by 1 .25 to 1.5 of the global heat transfer coefficient compared to the single-phase fluid was recorded for particles mass fractions of 6 to 12%. By regression of the experimental results, correlations for the local and average Nusselt number calculation for the laminar flows are proposed. The particularity of the presented correlations is their validity in the case of a pure fluid as we\l as for a two-phase fluid containing so\id particles. A model for the hydraulic and thermal behaviours studies of a Iwo-phase secondary refrigerant fluid during its cooling in laminar flow through a rectangular channel was developed it is based on the mixture model and to king the slip velocity into account. The evolution of the experimental and theoretical values for the fluid average temperature, the heat flow which crosses the walls and the heat transfer coefficient between the wall and fluid shows good agreement and the model is satisfactory since the variations never exceed 14%
Torrenti, Jean-Michel. "Comportement multiaxial du béton : aspects expérimentaux et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529740.
Повний текст джерелаPaquette, Jean-Louis. "Comportement des systemes isotopiques u-pb et sm-nd dans le metamorphisme eclogitique : chaine hercynienne et chaine alpine." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN10143.
Повний текст джерелаVostretsova, Ekatérina. "Rôle et comportement des Treatment Charges dans la valorisation des concentrés métalliques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0339/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe analyse firms coordination within the zinc metal production industry. We first identify 5 criteriadetermining the production pattern of the firms. We stress how a coordination variable is needed to strikea balance between these constraints, this variable being the Treatment Charge (TC). The TC is a deductionfrom the price of zinc metal to pay for its transformation from concentrate to metal. We offer two hypotheseson the nature of the TC: either a standard price variable, or a coordination variable based ont he technicalequilibrium of the industry. We conclude that the TC behaves as a price in the long run, but very much likea coordination tool in the short run. It also plays a role in distributing profits between firms, hence grantingstability to the balance of market power in the industry. Therefore, the TC is an advanced warming indicatorfor the stability of the market organisation of the zinc industry. The industry organisation is stable when theTC fluctuates within the limits of values (like a "snake in the tunnel"). If the TC hits one of the limits, thebalance is offset and the industry moves towards competition. We expect such an evolution in the mediumterm, with the TC becoming more flexible as a result. Nonetheless, should the TC be scraped altogether andreplaced by a market price, the stability of the industry supply chain might be at risk. We conclude with someadvice for the industry, sketching a first best scenario where firms of the industry would not only share profitsbut also investment plans. This would be the best way to resist the external pressures currently threatening totear out the industry to reorganise it for the sole purpose of short-run financial gains
Martin, Hélène. "Nouveaux milieux, nouveaux chasseurs : une approche des comportements au post-glaciaire à travers l'étude des saisons de capture du gibier." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20017.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of cementum rings located on mammals dental roots allows to identify accurately the age and season corresponding to the death of the considered animals. Applied to the fossil remains found in the post - glacial prehistoric sites, this method will contribute to a better understanding of the strategies of new environment
Gupta, Ritesh. "Comportement de monopieu sous chargement cyclique combinée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI019.
Повний текст джерелаMonopile is the most common foundation system for offshore wind turbine structures, statistically about 80, as per Wind Europe, 2018 report. A pile can be defined as flexible or rigid depending on the embedded length to diameter ratio (Le/D) and the relative stiffness of pile and soil. The existing codes for pile design are mainly developed for flexible piles, whereas monopile for new offshore wind turbines typically falls in the rigid category. The dominant complex cyclic wind and waves loads on offshore wind turbine structure and consequently on the monopile foundation, act in the lateral direction. The API design procedure, representing the lateral and vertical soil response through uncoupled non-linear springs, is developed for flexible piles and is recognised as conservative for rigid piles. The behaviour shall represent a coupled vertical and lateral soil-structure interaction because a rigid pile presents rotation deformation mode instead of deflection. The deformation mode further demands a different formulation mechanism, including the distributed moments along the pile shaft and shear & moment behaviours at the pile base as an essential part of the soil response investigations.This work presents the numerical models aimed to address the limited understanding of coupling consideration of monopile installed in sand. The cone penetration tests performed in the calibration chamber, data treatment with ICP method and available Fontainebleau sand NE34 properties database in the literature provide the constituent parameters for model definition.First, a PLAXIS 3D finite element model presents the model pile in the calibration chamber configuration with representative boundary conditions and the constitutive behaviour of the sand. The model pile geometry and load magnitudes are the outcomes of a similitude relationship with a representative prototype. A constant mass placed on the pile head represents the vertical load (the dead weight of the wind turbine structure). A simplified lateral point load represents the complex environmental loads, acting at a distance above foundation level, represents the lateral and moment load at mudline. Thus, vertical (V), lateral (H) and moment (M) collectively represent the combined load, investigated in both monotonic and cyclic loading cases. Different combined loading case in the limits of horizontal and vertical load capacities represent the overall behaviour of the model pile. The observation of normal and shear stress changes close to the pile-soil interface at different depths quantify the pile-soil interaction. The response investigation at some strategic stress points in the FE model soil volume provides a basis for soil-stress transducers (SSTs) layout plan in the experimental soil volume. A methodology to formulate the lateral and shear stresses evolution close to the pile surface as representative of the coupled interaction is presented.Second, a local-macro element (LME) model, an assembly of non-linear springs formulated using a Matlab toolbox ATL4S, presents the soil-pile interaction with inherent coupling considerations at different embedment depths. The PLAXIS model outcomes define the basis for a corresponding model scale LME model. The obtained results from both numerical investigations demonstrate the significance of vertical-lateral coupled interaction as a set of hypothesised equations representing the coupled interaction for rigid monopile foundation. A similitude work provides a relation between a prototype scale and the lab-scale monopile model. It further aids in comparison and validation with the available experimental and numerical results in the literature
Guerin, Nathalie. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement du ballast des voies ferrées." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529384.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Vu Hieu. "Comportement dynamique de structures non-linéaires soumises à des charges mobiles." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENPC0207.
Повний текст джерелаPayan, Juliette. "Etude du comportement de composites stratifiés sous chargement statique et de fatigue." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22005.
Повний текст джерелаDonnard, Adrien. "Etude du comportement mécanique multiaxial de matériaux cellulaires." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is focused on the mechanical behavior of foam designed to absorb energy in an airplane pilot seat cushion. Usually, these materials are characterized using uniaxial compressive test. Nevertheless, this uniaxial characterization doesn’t represent the real in-use loading of cushion. To complete these data, this work focuses on multiaxial behavior characterization of foam. The analysis of behavior is realized by using a separation into two contributions linked to the volume (pressure-volume) and the shape (distortion-shear) change. A hydrostatic testing system was developed with the aim to characterize the volume change behavior. Results highlight a strong influence of the volume change behavior during an uniaxial compression solicitation. A second testing system was developed allowing to apply radial solicitations following a kinematic angle, which imposes a non-proportional variation of volume and distortion. A kinematic angle influence is observed on the volume and shape change behavior. Other solicitations composed of compression and shear applied in a sequential way, permit to observe a volume influence on the shape change behavior. Finally, a 2D simulation model composed of 1D element composition shows a good representation of the volume and shape changes behavior obtained from experimentation
Nuns, Thierry. "Étude du comportement des capteurs d'images CCD commerciaux en ambiance spatiale." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0009.
Повний текст джерелаSix, Vincent Shahrour Isam Mroueh Hussein. "Analyse du comportement des colonnes ballastées influence des conditions initiales /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1040.
Повний текст джерелаN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3951. Résumé. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 125-127. Liste des publications.
Lapie, Mathilde Saxcé Géry de Paluch Bernard. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique d'éoliennes de moyenne et forte puissance à axe horizontal." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/343.
Повний текст джерелаN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3645. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Michon, Guy-Jean. "Etude expérimentale du comportement aérodynamique de systèmes d'alimentation gaz-solide en transport pneumatique." Poitiers CEAT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2259.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Vu-Hieu. "Comportement dynamique de structures non-linéaires soumises à des charges mobiles." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338921.
Повний текст джерелаSánchez-Santana, Ulises. "Comportement dynamique des matériaux et structures après sollicitation en fatigue." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Sanchez.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBanda, Gnama Mbimbiangoye Mallys Elliazar. "Mesure et modélisation du comportement de matériaux diélectriques irradiés par faisceau d'électrons." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30208/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn their common uses as electrical insulators, organic solid materials are constitutive of electric power transmission cables, power control and conversion circuits as well as (micro) electronic components or embedded systems (thermal coating of satellites, batteries of accumulators, etc.). Under various constraints of use (electric field, radiation, temperature, humidity ...) they can accumulate charges in their bulk which could affect the reliability of the systems in which they are employed. One of the commonly used means to study the electrical behavior of these charges is to measure the spatiotemporal distribution of charges by subjecting the dielectrics to a continuous potential difference between two electrodes. However, this method does not always allow clearly distinguishing the contribution of charges due to generation on the one hand and the one due to transport phenomena on the other hand. This study proposes an alternative approach, consisting in generating charges (electrons) within the electrical insulation using an electron-beam under vacuum. The charges are hence deposited at a known position and in a controlled quantity. Other physical processes related to the implantation of electrons must then be taken into account in order to predict and model the behavior of these irradiated materials. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, prepared by thermal molding, were irradiated by a 80 keV electron-beam with a current flux of 1 nA/cm2. Space charge measurements using the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method, performed first in-situ and then ex-situ under DC electrical polarization, confirm an effective localization of charges within the material. The results under electrical polarization after irradiation show an important amount of positive charges in the irradiated zone of the dielectric. The electrical characterizations of irradiated LDPE films show a completely different behavior compared to the same non-irradiated material, suggesting a modification of the chemical structure of the material. Physico-chemical measurements (infrared spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Differential Scanning Calorimetry-DSC) on these irradiated PEbd films do not show a significant degradation of the chemical structure of the dielectric which would explain the observed electrical behavior under post-irradiation polarization. Additional measurements show the reversible behavior of the irradiated then polarized PEbd, which would be only related to the presence of the charges generated by the beam. The experimental data of this study have simultaneously fed a numerical model of charge transport, developed to take into account the irradiation constraints. This model allows reproducing the in-situ results of charge implantation by the electron beam as well as the majority of the electrical processes observed on irradiated and polarized LDPE. It confirms the impact of the electron-beam deposited charge on the behavior under polarization and allows concluding on the origin of the positive charges observed after irradiation, which would be due to injection at the electrodes as well as to the creation of electron-hole pairs by the electron-beam during irradiation
Bahda, Fatiha. "Etude du comportement du sable à l'appareil triaxial : expérience et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523153.
Повний текст джерелаTalbi, Nabil. "Modélisation du comportement semi-rigide d'un connecteur métallique sous sollicitations statiques." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP883S.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Bihan Tina. "Etude du comportement des chapes autonivelantes en ciment sulfo-alumineux : outils expérimentaux et de modélisation." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0056/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the area of the construction, the development of floating screeds in building is slowed down because of a lifting of angles, also called curling, which leads to disorders in hard coatings. The aim of the work is to link the physical characteristics of the formulated material of the screed and the volume variations that occur, whether in endogenous configuration or not, to minimize curling. The determination of these parameters allows on an experimental level to characterize the screed right from its casting and to give data for a modelling approach. This one is based on the theory of porous environments, where the hydro-mechanical coupling is based on the mechanism of coupling between capillary pressure and the degree of saturation of the material. A self-levelling and liquid screed of calcium sulfo-aluminate cement is studied. The development and the adaptation of techniques of characterizing during the very early age (during the first 24 hours) are a key point of the study. We will follow the vertical movements of the surface of the screed before 24 hours (measured by stereo-correlation), the lineic deformations right since the beginning, the hydration and its consequences on the physical properties of the material. The experimental and numerical studies show that the hydration of the material, the modulus of elasticity and the porous distributions play a major role on the kinetics of evolution of the dimensional variations. A swelling component has been showed. The driving force of the swelling is related to the crystallization pressure according to the observations in the environmental SEM and in the evolution of the solid phase according to the modelling
Six, Vincent. "Analyse du comportement des colonnes ballastées : influence des conditions initiales." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Six.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCoste, François. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des massifs rocheux fracturés." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523618.
Повний текст джерелаLaroussi, Myriam. "Modélisation du comportement des mousses solides à porosité ouverte : une approche micromécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005743.
Повний текст джерелаCe travail est dédié à létude de lorigine de la phase de plateau dans le cas des mousses élastiques à porosité ouverte. Celle-ci est attribuée au flambement élastique des arêtes des cellules. Létude repose sur la théorie de lhomogénéisation non convexe. En effet, on modélise la mousse par une microstructure tridimensionnelle périodique en prenant en compte les non-linéarités géométriques.
Dans un premier abord, on étudie deux cas de chargement en grandes transformations : une compression uniaxiale et une déformation uniaxiale (ou compression oedométrique). Les calculs sont faits sur des cellules détude de plus en plus grandes. Dans le cas de cellules détude pas « suffisamment grandes », on introduit une imperfection dans la position des nuds pour initier le flambement.
Ensuite, on applique des chargements multiaxiaux pour déterminer une surface de charge dans lespace des contraintes, marquant la limite de passage de la phase élastique initiale à la phase de plateau. La surface de charge, dite micro, est obtenue en considérant des variations du déplacement périodiques sur des cellules détude de plus ne plus grandes. Cest une surface de charge du type Drucker-Prager modifiée. On introduit également une nouvelle surface de charge, dite mixte, plus aisée à calculer et qui coïncide avec la surface micro dans le cas étudié.
Enfin, pour valider les résultats numériques, on réalise une étude expérimentale sur une mousse de caril.
Bruner, Yann. "Comportement probabiliste des structures composites en présence de gradients de sollicitation." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1052.
Повний текст джерелаCherqaoui, Bennaceur. "Etude du comportement rhéologique à l'état fondu et du comportement diélectrique du polyfluorure de vinylidène chargé de titanate de baryum." Saint-Etienne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STET4007.
Повний текст джерелаNOUAMANI, YOUNESSE. "Etude micromecanique des composites a renforts tisses. Comportement viscoelastique et endommagement du a la liaison chaine-trame." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066257.
Повний текст джерелаFrancis, Roméo. "Etude du comportement mécanique de micropieux modèles en chambre d'étalonnage. Application aux effets de groupe." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523154.
Повний текст джерелаNoumbissié, Claude Désiré. "Attitude et changement de comportement sexuel face au VIH/Sida : de l’intention d’agir à l’action : étude de la résistance à l’usage du préservatif chez les adolescents-élèves des classes terminales de Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis facts within the problematic framework of putting into action an intention. It deals with variables influencing resistance in the use of preservatives with inspiration from the theory of planned behaviour by Ajzen (1991). This theory states that a planned behaviour is preceded by an intentional action and the intention is a decisive predictor of behaviour. However, the results obtained from fieldwork involving sexually active adolescents-students in the upper sixth form in the city of Yaounde (Cameroon) show that the relationship between intention and behaviour is not evident. In reality, 38% of participants manifesting a good intention of using preservatives (condoms) for protection against Hiv/Aids have unfortunately had improtected sexual intercourse (ie without preservatives). The analysis of results show that this asymetry is due to the influence exercised by the inventorised statistical variables as intermediaries in the intention to act and action. Thus the following conclusion is retained: there exists between the intention to act and action variables which lead to the realisation of a behaviour “anti-intentional”. Put in another sense, the intention loses sometimes its autonomy on the behaviour
Jacolot, Ronan Bertin Yves Ayel Vincent. "Visualisation et analyse du comportement hydrodynamique et thermique de l'écoulement du fluide dans un caloduc rainuré." Poitiers : I-Médias, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=312.
Повний текст джерелаJacolot, Ronan. "Visualisation et analyse du comportement hydrodynamique et thermique de l'écoulement du fluide dans un caloduc rainuré." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Jacolot-Ronan/2008-Jacolot-Ronan-These.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHeat pipe is a high performance device of thermal transfer which operation principle is based on the change of state of a fluid. Its utilization has become common on telecommunication satellite in order to assure the thermal management. Most of them are composed of an intern capillary structure made of axial grooves. High performance heat pipe modelling needs an increased knowledge of flow behaviour inside these grooves. Thus, even if this flow is usually laminar, a free surface governed by capillarity leads to many difficulties in the mean friction factor calculation. In this study, an experimental set-up has been developed in order to visualize the liquid-vapour interface for different axially grooved heat pipes. This experimentation, associated with image processing programs, allows the measurement of height of liquid and meniscus radius. The comparison between experimental results for an isotherm laminar flow and numerical simulations lead to a better knowledge of the surface tension influence on the liquid flow. In a second time, some modifications have been made on the experimental set-up in order to visualize the liquid-vapor interface in thermal condition. The first results have shown some interesting element concerning the characterization of the flow behaviour in the evaporator zone
Beau, Bénédicte. "Relaxation nucléaire dans un polymère conducteur à comportement métallique, la polyaniline." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10240.
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