Дисертації з теми "Comportement alimentaire – Adolescent"
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Ekeroth, Kerstin. "Psychological problems in adolescents and young women with eating disturbances." Göteborg : Department of Psychology, Göteborg University [Psykologiska Institutionen, Göteborgs universitet], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/178.
Gouneaud-Lafontaine, Valérie. "Etude des troubles de la conduite alimentaire dans une population de jeunes diabétiques insulino-dépendants." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11094.
RIBEYRE, JEROME. "Depenses energetiques et apports nutritionnels d'adolescents sportifs des deux sexes : comparaison avec des temoins (doctorat : nutrition)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF1MM06.
Bové, Claire. "Pratiques de contrôle de poids et préférences alimentaires d'adolescents d'un collège de la banlieue bordelaise." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M010.
Quirk, Denise. "ADOLESCENTS AMERICAINS ET FRANÇAIS : OBESITE, TROUBLES DU COMPORTEMENT ALIMENTAIRE, ATTITUDES ET HABITUDES ALIMENTAIRES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848280.
Lanfranchi, Marie-Christine. "Etude de la relation entre la pratique sportive, l'anxiété physique sociale, le genre et les attitudes et comportements alimentaires problématiques des adolescents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4081/document.
This thesis examines the moderating effect (1) age, and gender on the relationship between sport (leanness, individual, free, competitive), and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors ( six dimensions) adolescents. (2) BMI, characteristics of sport, on the relationship between Social Anxiety Physics (SAP ) and ACAP according to the theory of the Presentation of Self ( Leary & Kolawski , 1990). Adolescents with (SAP ) under the pressure of their environment, likely to control their physical , can be protected from ACAP , but may also engage in practices related to ACAP may damage to their health.Population: 770 and 766 teenagers 11-18 years old French ; 46 classified sports leaness and not leaness. Method: statistical analysis, regression 4 steps ;Results: sports (leanness, competition, individual), age, gender connected to a high SAP high risk ACAP especially among girls. Boys are more protected from ACAP expect in leanness. Individual sports (vomiting, purging fear of gaining weight, food preoccupation, guilt about eating. Preventive actions can prevent ACAP
Morcel, Jules. "Identification de paramètres nutritionnels, d’activité physique et de condition physique à l’adolescence impactant le risque cardiovasculaire à l’âge adulte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS069.pdf.
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death and is mostly caused by the formation of atherogenic plaques. These plaques appear during adolescence, and their growth depends on numerous risk factors, both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable (lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemia, smoking, body mass index). Nutrition, physical activity and fitness are complex elements that have been shown to have a significant impact on modifiable risk factors in mostly cross-sectional studies.Material & Methods: The aim of this study is to identify, in a longitudinal way, parameters of nutrition, physical activity and physical fitness in adolescence that have an impact on adult cardiovascular risk. These analyses are based on data from the HELENA and BELINDA studies. The HELENA study (2006 - 2007) included 3528 adolescents aged from 12.5 to 17.5 years in 10 European countries, and collected extensive nutritional, physical activity, fitness, anthropometric and biological data. The BELINDA study (2016 - 2020) is a nested cohort that repeated the same analyses, a decade later, in 232 subjects from 4 centers (Ghent, Lille, Roma and Zaragoza). Parameters of interest were identified based on bibliographic resources and data available from these two cohorts. Their impact on cardiovascular risk was assessed by a multivariate statistical analysis. Cardiovascular risk was assessed according to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and the PDAY (Pathobiological Determinants for Atherosclerosis in Youth) cardiovascular risk score. The parameters identified as most relevant for their potential to predict cardiovascular risk will be the target of more specific studies.Results: The literature analysis identified 13 parameters of interest, including 8 for nutrition, 2 for physical activity and 3 for fitness. Adherence to the diet quality index, planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge and cardiorespiratory fitness were the parameters identified as cardioprotective, in contrary to consumption of ultra-processed foods and upper body muscular strength. An extensive analysis of dietary knowledge highlighted its beneficial long-term impact on adults' blood pressure and dietary behaviour.Discussion: The diet quality index, the planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge, consumption of ultra-processed foods, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body muscular strength in adolescence have all been shown to have a significant impact on cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Early approaches using these tools therefore seem relevant for identifying clusters of populations at-risk and preventing cardiovascular risk from an early age
Foucart, Jennifer. "Contribution à l'étude des déterminants psychologiques et psychopathologiques de l'obésité sévère chez l'adolescent et plus particulièrement des troubles de l'image du corps chez l'adolescent." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210283.
Or, la présence des déterminants sociaux,énergétiques, génétiques ne suffisent pas toujours pour expliquer son développement et principalement quand il s’agit d’obésité sévère. Dans le cadre de l'obésité sévère, il y a lieu de dépasser les théories centrées sur la compréhension de l’agir alimentaire pour envisager les théories qui considèrent l’implication de l’ensemble du corps dans le développement de l’obésité et ce principalement lorsqu’on s’intéresse à l’adolescent.
Les objectifs de cette étude visent, face à ces éléments, à établir, dans un premier temps, un profil démographique, médical, familial, psychologique et psychopathologique d’une population d’adolescents souffrant d'obésité sévère. Ces informations ont été recueillies à l’aide de questionnaires structurés et par observation de 164 adolescents satisfaisant aux critères de l’obésité sévère. Un diagnostic pédopsychatrique selon la CFTMEA R 2000 a été posé pour chaque sujet. Nos résultats ont souligné le déterminisme multiple de l’obésité de nos sujets mais également l’importance des comorbidités bio-psycho-sociales.
Dans un second temps, à l’aide d’une analyse factorielle, nous avons mis en évidence qu’une plus grande sévérité de l’obésité s’associait à des facteurs d’environnement défavorisant(troubles mentaux dans la famille, carences, maltraitance) et à la présence d'un profil psychopathologique. De plus, ces mêmes modalités étaient associées avec une compliance familiale et individuelle moins importante.
Dans une dernière partie, nous nous sommes centrés sur les liens qui unissaient ces différents éléments. Pour ce faire, nous avons aux travers d’analyse de cas et à l'aide d'un Rorschach, du Questionnaire de l'Image du Corps de Bruschon-Schweitzer, et d'un dessin de soi, évalué la présence de troubles de l’image du corps chez 10 de nos sujets et leur évolution durant la prise en charge en lien avec la perte de poids. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence la présence de troubles de l’image du corps avec une image de soi incertaine, indifférenciée aux limites diffuses.
L’obésité s’inscrirait en tant que garant concret face à une image du corps peu unifiée. Ceci nous permet de considérer que l’obésité s’installe au travers à la fois d’un corps peu investi, peu mobilisable imposant la nécessaire édification de barrière (l’obésité) entre le « dedans fragilisé » et le dehors vécu comme dangereux. Nous pouvons dès lors considérer la difficulté des sujets de se résoudre à une perte de poids qui ne permettrait plus au sujet de recourir à ce type de fonctionnement.
De ce fait, nous avons conclu qu'il s'agit dans la prise en charge de ces sujets de reconsidérer l’image du corps comme outil thérapeutique vecteur d’amélioration à court et à long terme.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nicklaus, Sophie. "Etude longitudinale des préférences et de la variété alimentaires de la petite enfance jusqu'à l'âge adulte : choix des enfants de 2 à 3 ans et lien avec leur comportement de 4 à 22 ans." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS015.
Poulain, Sophie Piron-Frenet Maryvonne. "Adolescence et troubles alimentaires." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHpoulain.pdf.
Bau, Chang Martha T. C. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution du comportement alimentaire des adolescents vivants à Taïwan." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10046.
Boulanger, Amélie. "Effet de l’environnement alimentaire bâti autour des écoles sur les comportements d’achat alimentaire des jeunes du secondaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8910.
Boutant, Didier. "Étude longitudinale sur la composition corporelle, les apports et comportements alimentaires de gymnastes féminines." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M152.
Legendre, Valérie. "Facteurs associés à un comportement alimentaire restrictif chez des adolescents de niveau secondaire /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2213213R.html.
Legendre, Valérie. "Facteurs associés à un comportement alimentaire restrictif chez des adolescents de niveau secondaire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3179/1/000669017.pdf.
Moussavou-Nzamba, Nicolas. "Habitudes alimentaires et effets d'un programme nutritionnel sur les comportements et les connaissances alimentaires de joueurs de soccer adolescents." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1494/1/030096513.pdf.
Grebert-Roederer, Mariette. "Connaissances, attitudes et comportement alimentaire d'adolescents issus de milieux défavorisés. Mise au point d'un outil interactif d'éducation nutritionnelle." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0387_GREBERT_ROEDERER.pdf.
Laramée, Catherine. "Évaluation d'une intervention visant la promotion de comportements alimentaires favorables à une saine gestion du poids chez les jeunes athlètes féminines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30438/30438.pdf.
Manneville, Florian. "Comportement alimentaire, activité physique, sédentarité et inégalités sociales de santé à l’adolescence." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0128.
Background: During adolescence, the higher the socio-economic status (SES), the better the health status is and reflects the existence of social inequalities in health. These inequalities could be explained by the unequal distribution of lifestyles such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and dietary behaviour (DB) according to adolescents’ SES. The associations between lifestyles and social inequalities in health are unclear among adolescents. Objectives: This thesis aimed to analyze the associations between lifestyles and social inequalities in health during adolescence through three objectives: 1) to describe lifestyles and their distribution according to adolescents’ SES, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of a public health intervention on the reduction of social inequalities in health among adolescents, and 3) to measure and quantify the mediating effects of lifestyles on social inequalities in health among adolescents. Methods: To address these objectives, data from two trials aimed at preventing overweight and obesity among adolescents were used: PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l’ALImentation et de l’Activité Physique) and PRALIMAP-INES (PRALIMAP-INEgalités de Santé). PA, SB were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and DB using a food frequency questionnaire. SES was defined using the Social Position Index of Students and the Family Affluence Scale. Statistical analyses included linear, mixed and logistic regression models and an analysis of latent transitions. Results: Low SES adolescents had lower levels of PA and less adapted DB than high SES ones. Overall, DB was not associated with adolescents’ SES. Social inequalities in weight and quality of life were highlighted. There was no evidence that a universal intervention could reduce social inequalities in weight. Mediating effects of behaviours in the association between SES and health status were suggested. Conclusions: These results underline the importance of taking SES into account in order to reduce social inequalities in health among adolescents. Behaviours appear to be important levers to reduce social inequalities in health
Parravano, Jean. "Un système expert de diagnostic médical appliqué à la nutrition." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10404.
Gallant, Annette. "Eating behaviours and body weight in adolescents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27642/27642.pdf.
Luce, Christelle Bibas Jean-Pierre. "Description clinique et moyens de prise en charge actuels des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) chez l'adolescent anorexie, boulimie /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2005. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0234749.pdf.
Barthomeuf, Laetitia. "Les déterminants émotionnels du comportement alimentaire et de ses troubles : le cas de l'obésité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20009.
Vibert, Sarah. "Anorexie/Boulimie : une traversée mélancolique de l'adolescence? : Etude clinique et projective des processus identificatoires dans les troubles des conduites alimentaires." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H030.
Many questions remain regarding the psychopathological organization of the eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexic and bulimic patients are enabled to express internal conflicts but by bodily changes. Which psychic organization characterizes both these troubles? Why are eating disorders more prevalent among women than men? Why are these patients generally not compliant to inpatient and outpatient treatment? These are the questions that we address in this communication. According to a number of authors, this drastic combat against hunger appears to represent a larger battle of adolescence, the ego's attempt to reduce narcissistic dependence on the object. This attempt to reduce narcissistic dependence on the object seems to block the elaboration of loss (identifications), potentially leading to a melancholic trajectory. In addition to drawing attention to the fragility of the narcissistic foundation and the precariousness of the ego's functioning, the appearance of an anorexic syndrome also compromises access to adolescence and sexual, feminine identification. In light of these theoretical and clinical realities, we believe it pertinent to examine the links between impasses in feminine identification and the central problem of narcissism from a psychodynalic perspective. In order to investigate thos question, 19 young anorexic and bulimic females, aged from 15 to 21 years, underwent projective tests, namely the Rorschach and the TAT. Using TAT and Rorschach's factor configuration, we clarified the link between narcissism disorders and the oedipal organization
Fillon, Alicia. "Optimisation des stratégies interdisciplinaires de prise en charge de l'obésité pédiatrique : de l'évaluation clinique aux effets du Timing exercice-repas sur le comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent en situation d'obésité." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC063.
The rise of pediatric overweight, obesity and of their metabolic complications calls for the development of innovative, effective and integrative weight management strategies. Physical exercise is an essential component of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions that is no longer considered as a simple source of additional energy expenditure but is now recognized for its potential effects on energy intake (EI) and appetite control. The aim of the present work was to assess the effect of the exercise-meal timing (TIMEX program, for Timing Meal - Exercise) on energy intake, appetite sensations and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Based on our results, it would seem beneficial to encourage exercise close to the meal, which will also depend on the time between the exercise and the preceeding meal. Furthermore, our results suggest that these nutritional adaptations to exercise can be further optimized through a timing - intensity interaction, with a potentiated effect through high intensity exercise. As our experimental studies are the first in adolescents with obesity, they call for further works to confirm the present results. However, it seems essential today to consider the timing of exercise as an essential element of our physical activity prescriptions in order to empower our interventions among adolescents with obesity
Robillard, Purcell Maya. "Impact d'une intervention en nutrition sur les comportements alimentaires et la préoccupation excessive à l'égard du poids chez des jeunes adolescents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30748/30748.pdf.
De, Almeida Mota Ramalho Juniana. "La place de la nourriture au sein des familles d’adolescentes brésiliennes anorexiques et boulimiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD054.
Eating disorders in adolescence occur in various socioeconomic contexts in Brazil and are thus an important public health issue there. Nevertheless, the link between family, food and eating disorders has been very little explored, especially in northeastern Brazil. Our main goal was to examine the role of food in family relationships of Brazilian teenagers with anorexia and bulimia. We used an exploratory qualitative method to analyze interviews with 8 families and twenty-six individuals: four adolescents with anorexia and four others with bulimia, aged 12 to 18 years, with eight mothers, four fathers, five grandmothers, and one sister of a teenager with bulimia, referred through two public health centers (CETRATA and PRONUTRA) in Fortaleza-Ceara, in northeastern Brazil. Applying the technique of photoelicitation, we used a photograph of a family meal taken by the adolescent as the basis for the semi-structured interviews, analyzed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results revealed two important superordinate themes: the parent-teenager relationship and the functioning of the family group. Results highlighted important paternal control in anorexia nervosa. Food appeared to be a means enabling adolescents with anorexia and bulimia to deal their situations of loss and grief. They appear to reorganize their emotional ties in a paradoxical movement by which they request to be controlled by another, who in turn they control. In anorexia, in particular, parents appear to delegate to third parties (the extended family and persons belonging to non-family systems) the role of monitoring the girl’s food supply. Different types of conflict around food between the subsystems, including that of siblings, seem to be necessary to maintain the family system, albeit dysfunctionally, and they weaken family cohesion. Loosening of the rules and informality around organization of meals has emerged as a way to escape the rigidity of the roles that daughters’ eating disorders impose on parents. One of the most important results of our study is the existence of transgenerational conflicts. We found divergences between the parents’ generation and that of the grandmothers concerning the ways of raising children and transmitting rituals. These divergences thus seem to weaken these teenaged girls’ feelings of belonging to the family through food. Overall, the results show the need for work around the separation-individuation process in Brazilian girls with anorexia and bulimia to help reconcile their individual and family identities and to promote their autonomy
Choupas, Armelle. "La contagiosité des affects dans les groupes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB230.
The purpose of this research is to define the emotions that pass through groups and the transmission of those affects. This work tries to show the way affects cross over groups and sometimes permeate the psyche of the group. The affects disrupt the ability to think and pass by archaic links of affective identifications, without representations and due to the ability to co-experience of other group members. The group allows to recognize and to treat primitive pains and archaic conflictualities between corporal and groupal. The study begins with a search around terminology : affect, emotion, feeling, sensation ... The affect is contagious. The question is the contagiousness of affects in groupal devices. By contagiousness affects, we mean the intersubjective transmission process that allows the subject, in the group, to be permeable to affect, to assimilate it psychically, and to transform it. The primary psyche that pre-exists the body feeling is the place of the deepest unconscious and common link of the group. The suffering could have the effect of contamination at this primary psyche, but also for groups. By contamination, we mean a process in which the affect is breaking into the psyche of the subject and where the subject-other confusion, is like a transpsychic transmission. Our hypothesis is that the contagiousness of the affects would be a way for the elaboration of primitive sufferings and for associative processes in groups whereas contamination of the psyche by the persecutors aggressive fantasies that circulate in groups would maintain the resistance. In a group of teenage psychodrama suffering from eating disorders, ways and transmissions are observed through a working link, movement of the frame and groupal capacity
Vaissière, Émilie. "L'influence de la norme subjective sur l'acquisition et le maintien de comportements alimentaires sains chez des adolescents issus de milieux défavorisés de la région de la Capitale-Nationale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22619.
Morissette, Éliane. "Prévalence et déterminants des comportements alimentaires reliés à la gestion du poids chez les athlètes féminines de niveau secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24140.
La littérature démontre une forte préoccupation à l'égard du poids ainsi qu'une prévalence élevée de désordres alimentaires chez les athlètes féminines, particulièrement chez les athlètes d'élite pratiquant des sports esthétiques et à catégories de poids. Puisque l'adoption de ces comportements entraîne des conséquences importantes, l'implantation d'un programme de prévention primaire auprès des adolescentes athlètes s'avère pertinente. Toutefois, la connaissance des facteurs influençant l'adoption de ces comportements demeure inconnue. Ce mémoire présente les résultats d'une étude ayant pour objectif général d'évaluer les comportements alimentaires reliés à la gestion du poids chez les athlètes féminines de niveau secondaire. Les facteurs psychosociaux de l'intention d'adopter ces comportements sont également identifiés. Basés sur la théorie du comportement planifié, nos résultats démontrent que seule l'attitude prédit cette intention. Ainsi, ce projet permet une compréhension plus approfondie des éléments permettant le développement d'un programme de prévention primaire auprès d'athlètes féminines de niveau secondaire.
Vaissiere, Émilie. "L'influence de la norme subjective sur l'acquisition et le maintien de comportements alimentaires sains chez des adolescents issus de milieux défavorisés de la région de la Capitale-Nationale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28021/28021.pdf.
Rodgers, Rachel. "Les influences parentales dans les modèles socioculturels des troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20077.
Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating are particularly prevalent among adolescents and young adults. This aim of this research was to further explore the role of parental influences within a sociocultural framework. - Both mother and fathers are strong communicators of sociocultural pressures and their active influences have been shown to have more impact on offspring's body concerns and eating behaviors than modeling effects. - Questionnaires regarding parental comments and body- and eating-related variables were completed by 338 undergraduates. Internalization and appearance comparison only partially mediated the relationship between parental comments and the outcome variables. The final model explained a larger proportion of the variability in body shape and eating concerns among females. - Participants were 601 (63% female) adolescents who completed a survey exploring parental influences, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Parental variables explained a larger amount of the variance in girls' body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Findings support both a cumulative and a gender-linked model of the transmission of parental attitudes and behaviors. - A sample of 509 adolescents (56% female) completed questionnaires assessing depression, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, bulimia and sociocultural influences on appearance from family, peers and the media. Participants displaying high levels of depression perceived stronger media and peer influences on appearance. Depression had a greater moderating effect among boys. Parental influences play an important role in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating and should be targeted in prevention
Andrés, Fanny. "Vers une modélisation des facteurs psychologiques de vulnérabilités à risques des jeunes de moins de 25 ans : le cas de la consommation d’alcool et des troubles alimentaires subcliniques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113010.
Risk-taking behaviours of young people are issues that need to be addressed. Understanding their origins could prevent them from wide spreading. Consequently, this thesis focused on the psychological factors of vulnerability to alcohol use and subclinical eating disorders amongst young people. More specifically, we examined the influences of parental attachment, personality characteristics and alexithymia on these risk-taking behaviours through different models. Three studies have been carried out. The first one aimed to assess the role of the parental attachment and self-concept in alcohol use of adolescents (N = 245). The second one identified direct and indirect effects of parental attachment, personality characteristics and alexithymia on alcohol use and subclinical eating disorders amongst a sample of student athletes (N = 434). The third study emphasized the direct and indirect relationships between parental attachment, personality facets, alexithymia and subclinical eating disorders amongst a sample of elite athletes (N = 275). The findings provided evidence that risk-taking behaviours of young people were linked with an insecure parental attachment and difficulties in identifying and describing their feelings. Alcohol use was related to low conscientiousness whereas subclinical eating disorders were related to high neuroticism. Insecure parental attachment influenced alcohol use through its influence on conscientiousness and difficulties in identifying one’s feelings. Finally insecure attachment influenced subclinical eating disorders through high neuroticism, and specifically high impulsivity amongst elite athletes.Key words: alcohol use, subclinical eating disorders, parental attachment, alexithymia, personality factors, adolescents, student athletes, elite athletes
Miguet, Maud. "Adaptations nutritionnelles à l'activité physique chez l'adolescent en situation d'obésité : implication du système cognitif." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC064.
A large body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, favoring physiological, psychological and social improvements. Recent studies also suggest that exercise may be implicated in the control of appetite and energy intake, which remains to be further explored. These compensatory mechanisms, occurring after exercise, could be responsible for a limited weight loss achievement. Understanding the relation between exercises and eating behavior is a main priority. In this context, the purpose of this work was to explore the nutritional responses to physical activity in adolescents with obesity. In particular, we questioned the mechanisms that can explain the interactions between exercise and food intake. Different exercise modalities have been questioned and the physiological and neurocognitive pathways involved in the post-exercise regulation of energy intake were explored during and in response to multidisciplinary weight loss programs. During the first months of weight loss achievement, results indicate increase in compensatory mechanisms leading to higher appetite sensations, food reward and ad libitum energy intake. This phase of "weight loss resistance" was higher in adolescents with high level of cognitive restriction. Finally, the extension of the weight loss program results in a phase of stabilization and improvement of the control of energy intake. During this second phase, sensations of appetite, food reward, emotional and external eating as well as ad libitum energy intake decreased. In conclusion, physical activity appears to favor the reconnection between the hedonic system and the homeostatic system control of food intake
Gaspari, Maïte. "Construction(s) du féminin dans l’anorexie de l’adolescente : - Apport de la clinique projective (Rorschach et T.A.T.) de patientes souffrant d’anorexie-restrictive et d’anorexie-boulimie." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20010.
This paper attempts to go further into female teen anorexia from the perspective of a projective methodology. It brings particularly to light the presence of a blurred frontier of the Ego and an insufficient expansion of pregenital conflicts which affects the construction of the feminine and facilitates resorting to a narcissistic phallic type of defense which helps avoid the experience of separation as much as that of dependency.This paper brings further to light a particular handling of seduction fantasies marked by a reversal of hysterical construction, insufficient repression and the impossibility to invest a passive position. This leads to a specific real life experience marked by an exacerbation of persecution anxiety which seem to be linked to both the insufficiently secured nature of instinctive excitation and the difficulty to regulate it. From its differential approach, this paper also highlights a better efficiency of narcissist defense in those female patients presenting a restrictive profile compared with those presenting anorexia-bulimia stigmas where porosity of envelopes and difficulty of handling drive are more apparent. However, the issues raised appear to be similar.This research paper brings brings further highlight to the cleavage process phenomenon in the Ego leading of anorectic patients to two distinctive types of psychic adjustments which expresses itself either on a persecution mode or adhesive one. This in turn has an influence on the type of psychic structures in female teens which turn out to be independent from symptomatic forms while they may at the same time correspond to two different stages of the illness
Turgeon, Marie-Ève K. "Attitudes et comportements alimentaires des athlètes québécoises pratiquant un sport esthétique à un haut niveau : caractéristiques personnelles et comparaison à un groupe de contrôle." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13746.
The practice of an aesthetic sport is considered by some to be a risk factor for the adoption of inappropriate eating behaviors and attitudes towards food and body image (IEBA) and ultimately the development of an eating disorder (ED). However, the current literature on this issue reports conflicting results. In addition, some methodological flaws related to sample heterogeneity limit the interpretative scope of these results. To overcome the current limitations of the literature, the goal of this thesis is to explore the problematic of eating disorders in young elite athletes in aesthetic sport. To do this, a homogeneous sample of 145 adolescents aged between 12 and 19 years was recruited; 52 high level athletes and 93 non-athletes. The sports represented are figure skating, synchronized swimming and ballet. From this sample, two studies were conducted. The objective of the first study was to compare the intensity of IEBA and the prevalence of ED using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3). The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the groups in regard to the intensity of IEBA and the prevalence of ED. The second study consisted of two goals. First, compare personal characteristics of the two groups. Selected personal characteristics are body image disatisfaction (BID), normative eating self-efficacy NESE), body image self-efficacy (BISE), perfectionism (P), asceticism (As), emotionnal dysregulation (EMD) and interoceptive deficit (ID). The second exploratory objective of this study was to describe and compare the personal characteristics that are associated with IEBA in each group. To achieve these objectives, two other questionnaires were used; the Eating Disorder Recovery Self-efficacy Questionnaire-f (EDRSQ-f) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). The analysis indicated that the athletes of the sample have lower levels of NESE and EMD. Once age and body mass index are controlled, the results also showed that the NESE and the BID contribute to the prediction of IEBA (e.s. drive for thinness) in each group. The NESE has also been associated in both groups to the intensity of bulimic symptoms. However, the models differ in the main predictor variables. Among the athletes sample, the intensity of bulimic behaviors was associated with EMD while it was more related to ID in the non athlete group. Finally, in addition to discussing and comparing all these results with the current literature, the distinctive contributions of the thesis and the main limitations of the studies were discussed. Ideas to guide future research and practical clinical implications are also proposed.
Allaire-Loiselle, Ariane. "Les comportements alimentaires des adolescents du Québec : analyse de données qualitatives portant sur les motivations alimentaires d'adolescents québécois de 12 à 14 ans." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18351.
Context. Adolescence is a complex period marked by an important identity quest. Eating behaviours adopted during this period of life tend to influence growth and health in the long term. Individual, social, environmental and societal factors can influence teenagers’ eating habits. Objectives. This study is aimed at exploring what is most spontaneously expressed as feeding motivations by teenagers between 12 and 14 years old. Inspired by Renner et al.’s study (2012) about eating motivations, determinants of the adolescent food choices will be identified and then the main influence factors guiding their eating habits will be explored (Story et al., 2002). Methods. This project is an analysis of the qualitative data from the research project “Teenagers 12-14: Sociocultural dimensions of eating habits and physical activity of teenagers’’ (Ados 12-14: Les dimensions socioculturelles des pratiques alimentaires et d’activité physique des adolescents (2014)). It is based on the analysis of individual interviews with 50 girls and boys aged between 12 and 14 years old. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a deductive approach and the motivation measuring scale of Renner et al. (2012) as an analysis grid. Results. Amongst numerous factors, individual and socioenvironmental factors stood out. Globally, parents’ influence, eating preferences, the desire to make a good social impression, and health were decisive factors, sometimes even stronger than pleasure. Conclusion. Many factors impacting eating behaviors in the teenage population of Québec were identified in this study. The results generated by this data analysis will be useful for public health nutritionists for the design of intervention plans for the promotion of healthy eating habits within the Québec teenage population.
Roy, Mathieu. "Quantification de la distorsion de l'image corporelle chez des adolescentes atteintes d'anorexie mentale restrictive : évaluation informatique (Q-DIC) et applications cliniques." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16892.
Lemieux, Vincent. "Le programme "Silence" chez les élèves du premier cycle du secondaire : évolution des perceptions du soi physique et des attitudes et comportements alimentaires inappropriés." Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9496/1/eprint9496.pdf.
Desjardins, Audrey-Anne. "Ce que « Savoir cuisiner » signifie pour des adolescents québécois." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22300.
Hillion, Louise Chevalier. "Les adolescentes et leur téléphone portable, un lien privilégié: Etude qualitative à partir d’observations cliniques effectuées auprès d’adolescentes souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire et accueillies au sein d’un hôpital de soins de suite et de réadaptation." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6874.
The main topic of this research is the analysis of the mobile phone by the teenagers from 16 to 18 years old. In adolescence, the main issue is the process of “separation-individuation”, which allows young people to become autonomous towards parents and to engage themselves in new relationships of attachment with their pairs. What is going to be played at this moment depends on the first attachment relationships built in early childhood with the first figures of attachment. Since many years, a new object constitutes an integral part of the adolescent's daily life: the mobile phone. This communication tool has grown considerably with teenagers and had becoming almost an unavoidable object, often offered by the parents at the time of the acceptance to the college. We were wondering to what extent this object could have an impact on the attachment privileges of adolescents. How it alters links to their parents, how it influences the establishment of new privileges to pairs. Based on those questions, we are interested in learning more about what this object represents for teens and how they use it. We realized that the symbolic of the mobile phone exceeded its primary function as a communication tool. This object has become almost the symbol of adolescence, modifies the behavior of communication with others and thus influences the identity process in adolescence.
L’objet principal de cette recherche est l’analyse de l’utilisation du téléphone portable par des adolescentes de 16 à 18 ans. A l’adolescence, l’enjeu principal est le processus de séparation-individuation qui permet aux jeunes de s’autonomiser vis-à-vis des parents et de s’investir dans de nouvelles relations d’attachement avec leurs pairs. Ce qui va se jouer à ce moment-là dépend des premières relations d’attachement construites dans la toute petite enfance avec les premières figures d’attachement. Depuis plusieurs années, un nouvel objet fait partie intégrante du quotidien de l’adolescent, le téléphone portable. Cet outil de communication a pris une ampleur considérable auprès des adolescents et est devenu presque un objet incontournable, souvent offert par les parents au moment du passage au collège. Nous nous sommes demandé en quoi cet objet pouvait avoir un impact sur les liens d’attachement des adolescents. Comment il modifie les liens à leurs parents, comment il influence la mise en place de nouveaux liens aux pairs. Pour cela, nous nous sommes intéressées à la représentation de cet objet pour les adolescents et à l’utilisation qu’ils en font. Nous avons pu nous rendre compte que la symbolique du téléphone portable dépassait largement sa fonction première d’outil de communication. Cet objet est devenu presque le symbole de l’adolescence, modifie leurs comportements de communication avec les autres et ainsi influence le processus identitaire en jeu à l’adolescence.
Chapdelaine, Laurence. "Développement des connaissances et compétences alimentaires, culinaires et nutritionnelles chez les jeunes : le cas des Brigades Culinaires." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13101.