Дисертації з теми "Complex parallel hybrid vehicle"
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1
Kaloun, Adham. "Conception de chaînes de traction hybrides et électriques par optimisation sur cycles routiers." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La conception des chaînes de traction hybrides est une tâche complexe, qui fait appel à des experts de différents domaines s'appuyant sur des compétences et des outils distincts. En plus de cela, la recherche d'une solution optimale nécessite un retour système. Cela peut être, selon la granularité des modèles de composants, très coûteux en temps de calcul. Ceci est d'autant plus vrai lorsque la performance du système est déterminée par sa commande, comme c'est le cas du véhicule hybride. En fait, différentes possibilités peuvent être sélectionnées pour fournir le couple requis aux roues pendant le cycle de conduite. Ainsi, le principal obstacle est d'atteindre l'optimalité tout en conservant une méthodologie rapide et robuste. Dans ces travaux de thèse, de nouvelles approches visant à exploiter le potentiel complet de l'hybridation sont proposées et comparées. La première stratégie est une approche bi-niveaux composée de deux blocs d'optimisation imbriqués: un processus d'optimisation des paramètres de design externe qui calcule la meilleure valeur de consommation de carburant à chaque itération en se basant sur une version améliorée de la programmation dynamique pour l'optimisation de la commande. Deux stratégies de conception systémique différentes basées sur le schéma itératif sont également proposées. La première approche est basée sur la réduction de modèle tandis que la seconde se repose sur des techniques précises de réduction de cycle. Cette dernière permet l'utilisation de modèles de haute précision sans pénaliser le temps de calcul. Une approche simultanée est ensuite mise en œuvre, qui optimise à la fois les variables de conception et les paramètres d'une nouvelle stratégie efficace à base de règles. Cette dernière permettra une optimisation plus rapide par rapport à l'optimisation directe de toutes les variables de décision. Enfin, une technique basée sur l'utilisation des méta-modèles est exploréeDesigning hybrid powertrains is a complex task, which calls for experts from various fields. In addition to this, finding the optimal solution requires a system overview. This can be, depending on the granularity of the models at the component level, highly time-consuming. This is even more true when the system’s performance is determined by its control, as it is the case of the hybrid powertrain. In fact, various possibilities can be selected to deliver the required torque to the wheels during the driving cycle. Hence, the main obstacle is to achieve optimality while keeping the methodology fast and robust. In this work, novel approaches to exploit the full potential of hybridization are proposed and compared. The first strategy is a bi-level approach consisting of two nested optimization blocks: an external design optimization process that calculates the best fuel consumption value at each iteration, found through control optimization using an improved version of dynamic programming. Two different systemic design strategies based on the iterative scheme are proposed as well. The first approach is based on model reduction while the second approach relies on precise cycle reduction techniques. The latter enables the use of high precision models without penalizing the calculation time. A co-optimization approach is implemented afterwards which adjusts both the design variables and parameters of a new efficient rule-based strategy. This allows for faster optimization as opposed to an all-at-once approach. Finally, a meta-model based technique is explored
2
Kaloun, Adham. "Conception de chaînes de traction hybrides et électriques par optimisation sur cycles routiers." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La conception des chaînes de traction hybrides est une tâche complexe, qui fait appel à des experts de différents domaines s'appuyant sur des compétences et des outils distincts. En plus de cela, la recherche d'une solution optimale nécessite un retour système. Cela peut être, selon la granularité des modèles de composants, très coûteux en temps de calcul. Ceci est d'autant plus vrai lorsque la performance du système est déterminée par sa commande, comme c'est le cas du véhicule hybride. En fait, différentes possibilités peuvent être sélectionnées pour fournir le couple requis aux roues pendant le cycle de conduite. Ainsi, le principal obstacle est d'atteindre l'optimalité tout en conservant une méthodologie rapide et robuste. Dans ces travaux de thèse, de nouvelles approches visant à exploiter le potentiel complet de l'hybridation sont proposées et comparées. La première stratégie est une approche bi-niveaux composée de deux blocs d'optimisation imbriqués: un processus d'optimisation des paramètres de design externe qui calcule la meilleure valeur de consommation de carburant à chaque itération en se basant sur une version améliorée de la programmation dynamique pour l'optimisation de la commande. Deux stratégies de conception systémique différentes basées sur le schéma itératif sont également proposées. La première approche est basée sur la réduction de modèle tandis que la seconde se repose sur des techniques précises de réduction de cycle. Cette dernière permet l'utilisation de modèles de haute précision sans pénaliser le temps de calcul. Une approche simultanée est ensuite mise en œuvre, qui optimise à la fois les variables de conception et les paramètres d'une nouvelle stratégie efficace à base de règles. Cette dernière permettra une optimisation plus rapide par rapport à l'optimisation directe de toutes les variables de décision. Enfin, une technique basée sur l'utilisation des méta-modèles est exploréeDesigning hybrid powertrains is a complex task, which calls for experts from various fields. In addition to this, finding the optimal solution requires a system overview. This can be, depending on the granularity of the models at the component level, highly time-consuming. This is even more true when the system’s performance is determined by its control, as it is the case of the hybrid powertrain. In fact, various possibilities can be selected to deliver the required torque to the wheels during the driving cycle. Hence, the main obstacle is to achieve optimality while keeping the methodology fast and robust. In this work, novel approaches to exploit the full potential of hybridization are proposed and compared. The first strategy is a bi-level approach consisting of two nested optimization blocks: an external design optimization process that calculates the best fuel consumption value at each iteration, found through control optimization using an improved version of dynamic programming. Two different systemic design strategies based on the iterative scheme are proposed as well. The first approach is based on model reduction while the second approach relies on precise cycle reduction techniques. The latter enables the use of high precision models without penalizing the calculation time. A co-optimization approach is implemented afterwards which adjusts both the design variables and parameters of a new efficient rule-based strategy. This allows for faster optimization as opposed to an all-at-once approach. Finally, a meta-model based technique is explored
3
Won, Jong-Seob. "Intelligent energy management agent for a parallel hybrid vehicle." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation proposes an Intelligent Energy Management Agent (IEMA) for parallel hybrid vehicles. A key concept adopted in the development of an IEMA is based on
the premise that driving environment would affect fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, as well as the operating modes of the vehicle and the driver behavior do. IEMA incorporates a driving
situation identification component whose role is to assess the driving environment, the driving style of the driver, and the operating mode (and trend) of the vehicle using long and short
term statistical features of the drive cycle.
This information is subsequently used by the torque distribution and charge sustenance components of IEMA to determine the power
split strategy, which is shown to lead to improved fuel economy and reduced emissions.
4
Enang, Wisdom. "Robust real-time control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720652.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gradual decline in global oil reserves and the presence of ever so stringent emissions rules around the world have created an urgent need for the production of automobiles with improved fuel economy. HEVs (hybrid electric vehicles) have proved a viable option to guaranteeing improved fuel economy and reduced emissions. The fuel consumption benefits which can be realised when utilising HEV architecture are dependent on how much braking energy is regenerated, and how well the regenerated energy is utilised. The challenge in developing a real-time HEV control strategy lies in the satisfaction of often conflicting control constraints involving fuel consumption, emissions and driveability without over-depleting the battery state of charge at the end of the defined driving cycle. Reviewed literature indicates some research gaps and hence exploitable study areas for which this thesis intends to address. For example, despite the research advances made, HEV energy management is still lacking in several key areas: optimisation of braking energy regeneration; real-time sub-optimal control of HEV for robustness, charge sustenance and fuel reduction; and real-time vehicle speed control. Consequently, this thesis aims to primarily develop novel real-time near-optimal control strategies for a parallel HEV, with a view to achieving robustness, fuel savings and charge sustenance simultaneously, under various levels of obtainable driving information (no route preview information, partial route preview information). Using a validated HEV dynamic simulation model, the following novel formulations are proposed in this thesis and subsequently evaluated in real time: 1. A simple grouping system useful for classifying standard and real-world driving cycles on the basis of aggressivity and road type. 2. A simple and effective near-optimal heuristic control strategy with no access to route preview information. 3. A dynamic programming-inspired real-time near-optimal control strategy with no access to route preview information. 4. An ECMS (Equivalent Consumption Minimisation Strategy) inspired real-time near-optimal control strategy with no access to route preview information. 5. An ECMS-inspired real-time near-optimal control strategy with partial access to route preview information. 6. A dynamic programming based route-optimal vehicle speed control strategy which accounts for real-time dynamic effects like engine braking, while solving an optimisation problem involving the maximisation of fuel savings with little or no penalty to trip time. 7. A real-time vehicle speed control approach, which is based on smoothing the speed trajectory of the lead vehicle, consequently reducing the acceleration and deceleration events that the intelligent vehicle (follower vehicle) will undergo. This smoothing effect translates into reduced fuel consumption, which tends to increase with increasing traffic preview window. Among other studies performed in this thesis, the fuel savings potential of the proposed near-optimal controllers was investigated in real time over standard driving cycles and real-world driving profiles. Results from these analyses show that, over standard driving cycles, properly formulated near-optimal real-time controllers are able to achieve a fuel savings potential within 0.03% to 3.71% of the global optimal performance, without requiring any access to route preview information. It was also shown that as much as 2.44% extra fuel savings could be achieved over a driving route, through the incorporation of route preview information into a real-time controller. Investigations were also made into the real-time fuel savings that could be realised over a driving route, through vehicle speed control. Results from these analyses show that, compared to an HEV technology which comes at a bigger cost, far higher fuel savings, as much as 45.96%, could be achieved through a simple real-time vehicle speed control approach.
5
Picot, Nathan M. "A STRATEGY TO BLEND SERIES AND PARALLEL MODES OF OPERATION IN A SERIES-PARALLEL 2-BY-2 HYBRID DIESEL/ELECTRIC VEHICLE." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1189750096.
Повний текст джерела
6
Engman, Jimmy. "Model Predictive Control for Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The automotive industry is required to deal with increasingly stringent legislationfor greenhouse gases. Hybrid Electric Vehicles, HEV, are gaining acceptance as thefuture path of lower emissions and fuel consumption. The increased complexityof multiple prime movers demand more advanced control systems, where futuredriving conditions also becomes interesting. For a plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PIHEV, it is important to utilize the comparatively inexpensive electric energybefore the driving cycle is complete, this for minimize the cost of the driving cycle,since the battery in a PIHEV can be charged from the grid. A strategy with lengthinformation of the driving cycle from a global positioning system, GPS, couldreduce the cost of driving. This by starting to blend the electric energy with fuelearlier, a strategy called blended driving accomplish this by distribute the electricenergy, that is charged externally, with fuel over the driving cycle, and also ensurethat the battery’s minimum level reaches before the driving cycle is finished. Astrategy called Charge Depleting Charge Sustaining, CDCS, does not need lengthinformation. This strategy first depletes the battery to a minimum State of Charge,SOC, and after this engages the engine to maintain the SOC at this level. In thisthesis, a variable SOC reference is developed, which is dependent on knowledgeabout the cycle’s length and the current length the vehicle has driven in the cycle.With assistance of a variable SOC reference, is a blended strategy realized. Thisis used to minimize the cost of a driving cycle. A comparison between the blendedstrategy and the CDCS strategy was done, where the CDCS strategy uses a fixedSOC reference. During simulation is the usage of fuel minimized; and the blendedstrategy decreases the cost of the driving missions compared to the CDCS strategy.To solve the energy management problem is a model predictive control used. Thedesigned control system follows the driving cycles, is charge sustaining and solvesthe energy management problem during simulation. The system also handlesmoderate model errors.Fordonsindustrin måste hantera allt strängare lagkrav mot utsläpp av emissioneroch växthusgaser. Hybridfordon har börjat betraktas som den framtida vägenför att ytterligare minska utsläpp och användning av fossila bränslen. Den ökadekomplexiteten från flera olika motorer kräver mera avancerade styrsystem. Begränsningarfrån motorernas energikällor gör att framtida förhållanden är viktigaatt estimera. För plug-in hybridfordon, PIHEV, är det viktigt att använda denvvijämförelsevis billiga elektriska energin innan fordonet har nått fram till slutdestinationen.Batteriets nuvarande energimängd mäts i dess State of Charge, SOC.Genom att utnyttja information om hur långt det är till slutdestinationen från ettGlobal Positioning System, GPS, blandar styrsystemet den elektriska energin medbränsle från början, detta kallas för blandad körning. En strategi som inte hartillgång till hur långt fordonet ska köras kallas Charge Depleting Charge Sustaining,CDCS. Denna strategi använder först energin från batteriet, för att sedanbörja använda förbränningsmotorn när SOC:s miniminivå har nåtts. Strategin attanvända GPS informationen är jämförd med en strategi som inte har tillgång tillinformation om körcykelns längd. Blandad körning använder en variabel SOC referens,till skillnad från CDCS strategin som använder sig av en konstant referenspå SOC:s miniminivå. Den variabla SOC referensen beror på hur långt fordonethar kört av den totala körsträckan, med hjälp av denna realiseras en blandad körning.Från simuleringarna visade det sig att blandad körning gav minskad kostnadför de simulerade körcyklerna jämfört med en CDCS strategi. En modellbaseradprediktionsreglering används för att lösa energifördelningsproblemet. Styrsystemetföljer körcykler och löser energifördelningsproblemet för de olika drivkällorna undersimuleringarna. Styrsystemet hanterar även måttliga modellfel.
7
Khan, Bruno Shakou. "Optimization of the fuel consumption of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16763.
Повний текст джерела
8
Boyd, Steven J. "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy Based on Power Loss Calculations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34970.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Defining an operation strategy for a Split Parallel Architecture (SPA) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is accomplished through calculating powertrain component losses. The results of these calculations define how the vehicle can decrease fuel consumption while maintaining low vehicle emissions. For a HEV, simply operating the vehicle's engine in its regions of high efficiency does not guarantee the most efficient vehicle operation. The results presented are meant only to define a literal strategy; that is, an understanding as to why the vehicle should operate in a certain way under the given conditions. The literature review gives a background of hybrid vehicle control publications, and without the SPA HEV addressed or a hybrid analysis based on loss calculations between engine only and hybrid modes, there is a need for this paper. Once the REVLSE architecture and components are understood, the hybrid modes are explained. Then the losses for each hybrid mode are calculated, and both the conversion and assist efficiencies are detailed. The conversion efficiency represents the amount of additional fuel required to store a certain amount of energy in the battery, and this marginal efficiency can be higher than peak engine efficiency itself. This allows electric only propulsion to be evaluated against the engine only mode, and at low torques the electric motor is more efficient despite the roundtrip losses of the hybrid system.Master of Science
9
Reinsel, Samuel Joseph. "Drive Quality Improvement and Calibration of a Post-Transmission Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team (HEVT) of Virginia Tech is one of 16 university teams participating in EcoCAR 3, the latest competition in the Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions (AVTC) organized by Argonne National Labs. EcoCAR 3 tasks teams with converting a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro into a hybrid electric vehicle with 5 main goals: reducing petroleum energy use and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining safety, performance, and consumer acceptability. Over the last 4 years, HEVT has designed and built a plugin parallel hybrid electric vehicle with a unique powertrain architecture. This work deals with utilizing the unique powertrain layout of the HEVT Camaro to improve drive quality, a key component in consumer acceptability. Although there are many ways to approach drive quality, most aspects can be analyzed in the smoothness of the vehicle longitudinal acceleration response.
This research is focused on improving the drive quality of the vehicle developed for EcoCAR 3. Multiple algorithms are developed to address specific aspects of drive quality that can only be done with the powertrain developed. This begins by researching the control strategies used in modern automatic transmissions, and moves into the modeling strategy used to begin algorithm development. Two main strategies are developed and calibrated in the vehicle. The first being a strategy for reducing jerk in pure electric mode by limiting motor torque response. The second strategy aims to improve transmission shift quality by using the electric motor to reduce torque fluctuations at the driveshaft. The energy consumption impact of both of these strategies is also analyzed to ensure that drive quality does not come at the large expense of energy consumption.Master of Science
10
Marquez, Brunal Eduardo De Jesus. "Model and Control System Development for a Plug-In Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team (HEVT) of Virginia Tech is participating in the EcoCAR 3 Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition series organized by Argonne National Labs (ANL), and sponsored by General Motors (GM) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). EcoCAR 3 is a 4-year collegiate competition that challenges student with redesigning a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro into a hybrid. The five main goals of EcoCAR 3 are to reduce petroleum energy use (PEU) and green house gas (GHG) emissions while maintaining safety, consumer acceptability, and performance, with an increased focus on cost and innovation. HEVT selected a P3 Plug-in Parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) to meet design goals and competition requirements. This study presents different stages of the vehicle development process (VDP) followed to integrate the HEVT Camaro. This work documents the control system development process up to Year 2 of EcoCAR 3.
The modeling process to select a powertrain is the first stage in this research. Several viable powertrains and the respective vehicle technical specifications (VTS) are evaluated. The P3 parallel configuration with a V8 engine is chosen because it generated the set of VTS that best meet design goals and EcoCAR 3 requirements. The V8 engine also preserves the heritage of the Camaro, which is attractive to the established target market. In addition, E85 is chosen as the fuel for the powertrain because of the increased impact it has on GHG emissions compared to E10 and gasoline. The use of advanced methods and techniques like model based design (MBD), and rapid control prototyping (RCP) allow for faster development of engineering products in industry. Using advanced engineering techniques has a tremendous educational value, and these techniques can assist the development of a functional and safe hybrid control system. HEVT has developed models of the selected hybrid powertrain to test the control code developed in software. The strategy developed is a Fuzzy controller for torque management in charge depleting (CD) and charge sustaining (CS) modes. The developed strategy proves to be functional without having a negative impact of the energy consumption characteristics of the hybrid powertrain. Bench testing activities with the V8 engine, a low voltage (LV) motor, and high voltage (HV) battery facilitated learning about communication, safety, and functionality requirements for the three components. Finally, the process for parallel development of models and control code is presented as a way to implement more effective team dynamics.Master of Science
11
Gallo, Eric Michael. "Development of Series Mode Control of a Parallel-Series Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407247079.
Повний текст джерела
12
Yard, Matthew Alexander. "Control and Drive Quality Refinement of a Parallel-Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417695439.
Повний текст джерела
13
Multani, Sahib Singh. "Pseudospectral Collocation Method Based Energy Management Scheme for a Parallel P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587653689067271.
Повний текст джерела
14
Uskay, Selim Onur. "Route Optimization For Solid Waste Transportation Using Parallel Hybrid Genetic Algorithms." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612942/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The transportation phase of solid waste management is highly critical as it may constitute approximately 60 to 75 percent of the total cost. Therefore, even a small amount of improvement in the collection operation can result in a significant saving in the overall cost. Despite the fact that there exist a considerable amount of studies on Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a vast majority of the existing studies are not integrated with GIS and hence they do not consider the path constraints of real road networks for waste collection such as one-way roads and U-Turns. This study involves the development of computer software that optimizes the waste collection routes for solid waste transportation considering the path constraints and road gradients. In this study, two different routing models are proposed. The aim of the first model is to minimize the total distance travelled whereas that of the second model is to minimize the total fuel consumption that depends on the loading conditions of the truck and the road gradient. A comparison is made between these two approaches. It is expected that the two approaches generate routes having different characteristics. The obtained results are satisfactory. The distance optimization model generates routes that are shorter in length whereas the fuel consumption optimization model generates routes that are slightly higher in length but provides waste collection on steeply inclined roads with lower truck load. The resultant routes are demonstrated on a 3D terrain view.
15
Harmon, Frederick G. "Neural network control of a parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system for a small unmanned aerial vehicle /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерела
16
Wallén, Johanna. "Modelling of Components for Conventional Car and Hybrid Electric Vehicle in Modelica." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hybrid electric vehicles have two power sources - an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. These vehicles are of great interest because they contribute to a decreasing fuel consumption and air pollution and still maintain the performance of a conventional car. Different topologies are described in this thesis and especially the series and parallel hybrid electric vehicle and Toyota Prius have been studied.
This thesis also depicts modelling of a reference car and a series hybrid electric vehicle in Modelica. When appropriate, models from the Modelica standard library have been used. Models for a manual gearbox, final drive, wheel, chassis, air drag and a driver have been developed for the reference car.
For the hybrid electric vehicle a continuously variable transmission, battery, an electric motor, fuel cut-off function for the internal combustion engine and a converter that distributes the current between generator, electric motor and internal combustion engine have been designed.
These models have been put together with models from the Modelica standard library to a reference car and a series hybrid electric vehicle which follows the NEDC driving cycle. A sketch for the parallel hybrid electric vehicle and Toyota Prius have also been made in Modelica.
Developed models have been introduced into the Modelica library VehProLib, which is a vehicle propulsion library under development by Vehicular Systems, Linköpings universitet.
17
Legg, Thomas David. "Development of a Parallel Hybrid Energy Management Strategy with Consideration of Drive Quality and State of Charge Dynamics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of a rule-based hybrid energy management strategy for a parallel P4 full hybrid without access to a functional prototype is presented. A simulation model is developed using component bench data and validated using EPA-reported fuel economy test data, including a proposal for complete criteria for valid test results using EPA speed error and SAE J2951 parameters. A combined Willans line model is proposed for the engine and transmission, with control modes based on efficiency-derived power thresholds. Algorithms are proposed for battery state of charge (SOC) management including engine loading and one pedal strategies. Vehicle drive quality with the hybrid control strategy is analyzed, with acceleration and jerk managed through axle torque rate limits and filters. The simulated control strategy for the hybrid vehicle has an energy consumption reduction of 20% for the Hot 505, 3.6% for the HWFET, and 12% for the US06 compared to the stock vehicle. For standard drive cycles, battery SOC is maintained within 20% to 80% safe limits, with charge balanced behavior achieved. Jerk contributions of the hybrid powertrain are generally kept below a 10 m/s3 tolerable limit, with peaks of 15 m/s3 tuned for vehicle launch drive quality. The complete energy management strategy proposed improves fuel economy compared to baseline data while maintaining vehicle drive quality and is considered well-rounded and ready for in-vehicle testing and implementation.Master of Science
A hybrid electric vehicle with an engine on the front axle and an electric motor on the rear axle is analyzed. A control strategy is developed based on a set of rules with different modes depending on the vehicle speed and accelerator pedal position, switching between using only the electric motor, only the engine, and a combination of both. The control strategy increases fuel economy while maintaining the charge level of the hybrid battery pack and providing a smooth and enjoyable driving experience.
18
Strömberg, Emma. "Optimal Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hybrid electric vehicles are considered to be an important part of the future vehicle industry, since they decrease fuel consumption without decreasing the performance compared to a conventional vehicle. They use two or more power sources to propel the vehicle, normally one combustion engine and one electric machine. These power sources can be arranged in different topologies and can cooporate in different ways. In this thesis, dynamic models of parallel and series hybrid powertrains are developed, and different strategies for how to control them are compared.An optimization algorithm for decreasing fuel consumption and utilize the battery storage capacity as much as possible is also developed, implemented and tested.
19
Bovee, Katherine Marie. "Design of the Architecture and Supervisory Control Strategy for a Parallel-Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343416437.
Повний текст джерела
20
Fogarty, Adam Garrett. "High voltage rear electric drivetrain design for a Parallel-Through-The-Road Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Thesis, Purdue University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1584897.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purdue University was selected as one of 15 universities to participate in a three year Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition (AVTC) called EcoCar2: Plugging Into the Future. The vehicle built by the Purdue team was a Parallel-Through-The-Road Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PTTR PHEV). The vehicle utilized a B20 diesel powertrain to power the front wheels, as well as a custom electric drivetrain to power the rear wheels. Using this vehicle during the final year of the competition, the team was successful in placing 4th overall as well as 2nd in the category of Well-To-Wheel (WTW) Greenhouse Gas Emissions. A stock 2013 Chevrolet Malibu was given to all teams in the competition to use as a base vehicle. The Purdue team removed the stock 2.4L gasoline engine of the Malibu in order to make room for the diesel powertrain and switched the stock Malibu rear suspension assembly to that of a 2013 All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) Buick LaCrosse in order to make room for the electric drivetrain. The electric drivetrain utilized a 16.4 kWhr Lithium Ion battery pack, a 103 kW (peak) 45 kW (nominal) electric motor, and the driveline components of a 2013 AWD Buick LaCrosse in order to transfer power to the wheels. Significantcant challenges concerning the custom electric drivetrain during the competition included the design, fabrication, installation and operation of a rear suspension cradle, Energy Storage System (ESS) and a Thermal Management System for the ESS. Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were used heavily during the design stages of vehicle development in order to give the Purdue team and AVTC competition organizers sufficient confidence to allow the team to build the designs they had proposed. This work describes the design, analysis and fabrication procedures used by the Purdue team in order to create the electric drivetrain used in their vehicle for the EcoCar2 competition.
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Elghazaly, Gamal. "Hybrid cable thruster-actuated underwater vehicle manipulator system : modeling, analysis and control." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’industrie offshore, pétrolière et gazière est le principal utilisateur des robots sous-marins, plus particulièrement de véhicules télé-opérés (ou ROV, Remotely Operated Vehicle). L'inspection, la construction et la maintenance de diverses installations sous-marines font parties des applications habituelles des ROVs dans l’industrie offshore. La capacité à maintenir un positionnement stable du véhicule ainsi qu’à soulever et déplacer des charges lourdes est essentielle pour certaines de ces applications. Les capacités de levage des ROVs sont cependant limitées par la puissance de leur propulsion. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse présente un nouveau concept d’actionnement hybride constitué de câbles et de propulseurs. Le concept vise à exploiter les fortes capacités de levage des câbles, actionnés par exemple depuis des navires de surfaces, afin de compléter l’actionnement d’un robot sous-marin. Plusieurs problèmes sont soulevés par la nature hybride (câbles et propulseurs) de ce système d'actionnement. En particulier, nous étudions l’effet de l'actionnement supplémentaire des câbles par rapport à un actionnement exploitant uniquement des propulseurs et nous tâchons de minimiser les efforts exercés par ces derniers. Ces deux objectifs sont les principales contributions de cette thèse. Dans un premier temps, nous modélisons la cinématique et la dynamique d'un robot sous-marin actionné à la fois par des propulseurs et des câbles et équipé d'un bras manipulateur. Un tel système possède une redondance cinématique et d'actionnement.. L'étude théorique sur l'influence de l'actionnement supplémentaire par câbles est appuyée par une étude en simulation, comparant les capacités de force d'un système hybride (câbles et propulseurs) à celles d'un système actionné uniquement par des propulseurs. L'évaluation des capacités est basée sur la détermination de l'ensemble des forces disponibles, en considérant les limites des forces d'actionnement. Une nouvelle méthode de calcul est proposée, pour déterminer l'ensemble des forces disponibles. Cette méthode est basée sur le calcul de la projection orthogonale de polytopes et son coût calculatoire est analysé et comparé à celui d'une méthode de l’état de l’art. Nous proposons également une nouvelle méthode pour le calcul de la distribution des forces d'actionnement, permettant d'affecter une priorité supérieure au sous-système d'actionnement par câbles afin de minimiser les efforts exercés par les propulseurs. Plusieurs cas d'études sont proposés pour appuyer les méthodes proposéesThe offshore industry for oil and gas applications is the main user of underwater robots, particularly, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Inspection, construction and maintenance of different subsea structures are among the applications of ROVs in this industry. The capability to keep a steady positioning as well as to lift and deploy heavy payloads are both essential for most of these applications. However, these capabilities are often limited by the available on-board vehicle propulsion power. In this context, this thesis introduces the novel concept of Hybrid Cable-Thruster (HCT)-actuated Underwater Vehicle-Manipulator Systems (UVMS) which aims to leverage the heavy payload lifting capabilities of cables as a supplementary actuation for ROVs. These cables are attached to the vehicle in a setting similar to Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (CDPR). Several issues are raised by the hybrid vehicle actuation system of thrusters and cables. The thesis aims at studying the impact of the supplementary cable actuation on the capabilities of the system. The thesis also investigate how to minimize the forces exerted by thrusters. These two objectives are the main contributions of the thesis. Kinematic, actuation and dynamic modeling of HCT-actuated UVMSs are first presented. The system is characterized not only by kinematic redundancy with respect to its end-effector, but also by actuation redundancy of the vehicle. Evaluation of forces capabilities with these redundancies is not straightforward and a method is presented to deal with such an issue. The impact of the supplementary cable actuation is validated through a comparative study to evaluate the force capabilities of an HCT-actuated UVMS with respect to its conventional UVMS counterpart. Evaluation of these capabilities is based on the determination of the available forces, taking into account the limits on actuation forces. A new method is proposed to determine the available force set. This method is based on the orthogonal projection of polytopes. Moreover, its computational cost is analyzed and compared with a standard method. Finally, a novel force resolution methodology is introduced. It assigns a higher priority to the cable actuation subsystem, so that the forces exerted by thrusters are minimized. Case studies are presented to illustrate the methodologies presented in this thesis
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Eriksson, Tommie. "Parallel Hybridization of a Heavy-Duty Long Hauler." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119884.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long haulage of heavy-duty trucks weighing over 15-ton stands for nearly 50% of the fuelconsumption among trucks, making them the most fuel consuming category. This indicatesthe potential benefits in improving the fuel efficiency for said category. Hybridization is onepossible solution.Hybrid vehicles are vehicles with two or more power sources in the powertrain. Differentpowertrain configurations, hybridization levels and hybrid concepts are best suitedfor different applications. With prices for fossil fuels constantly rising hybridization is animportant technology to improve fuel efficiency.Different variations of configurations and concepts enables many choices when decidingon a hybrid driveline. A simulation tool for efficiently comparing various hybrid drivelineswould be a great asset when deciding on a configuration for a certain vehicle application. Forthis thesis the application in focus is the previously mentioned category, a heavy duty longhauler weighing 36-ton.The modeling approach used for the simulation tool is called quasistatic modeling or"backward modeling". This name comes from, based on a chosen drive cycle, the resistingforces which act on the vehicle can statically be calculated at each step from the velocityprofile. The required power to drive along the drive cycle can then be calculated backwardswithin the powertrain resulting in a fuel consumption for the combustion engine. For thisthe free QSS-toolbox for Matlab Simulink has been used as a base and modified when needed.The configuration chosen to be implemented is a parallel electric hybrid and was chosenfor its good characteristics for the type of driving highways provide. For this configurationtwo types of controllers are used, one being an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategycontroller and the other a simple, rule based heuristic controller.The results for both controllers show small benefits with hybridization of the longhauler compared with the conventional which in the long run would make bigger differencebecause of the large consumption in whole. A sensitivity analysis was also done showingthat improving conventional vehicle parameters can be as beneficial as hybridization.
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Madireddy, Madhava Rao. "Analytical design of a parallel hybrid electric powertrain for sports utility vehicles and heavy trucks." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175278829.
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Manning, Peter Christopher. "Development of a Series Parallel Energy Management Strategy for Charge Sustaining PHEV Operation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team of Virginia Tech (HEVT) is participating in the 2012-2014 EcoCAR 2: Plugging in to the Future Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition series organized by Argonne National Lab (ANL), and sponsored by General Motors Corporation (GM) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The goals of the competition are to reduce well-to-wheel (WTW) petroleum energy consumption (PEU), WTW greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria emissions while maintaining vehicle performance, consumer acceptability and safety. Following the EcoCAR 2 Vehicle Development Process (VDP) of designing, building, and refining an advanced technology vehicle over the course of the three year competition using a 2013 Chevrolet Malibu donated by GM as a base vehicle, the selected powertrain is a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) with P2 (between engine and transmission) and P4 (rear axle) motors, a lithium-ion battery pack, an internal combustion engine, and an automatic transmission.
Development of a charge sustaining control strategy for this vehicle involves coordination of controls for each of the main powertrain components through a distributed control strategy. This distributed control strategy includes component controllers for each individual component and a single supervisory controller responsible for interpreting driver demand and determining component commands to meet the driver demand safely and efficiently. For example, the algorithm accounts for a variety of system operating points and will penalize or reward certain operating points for other conditions. These conditions include but are not limited to rewards for discharging the battery when the state of charge (SOC) is above the target value or penalties for operating points with excessive emissions. Development of diagnostics and remedial actions is an important part of controlling the powertrain safely. In order to validate the control strategy prior to in-vehicle operation, simulations are run against a plant model of the vehicle systems. This plant model can be run in both controller Software- and controller Hardware-In-the-Loop (SIL and HIL) simulations.
This paper details the development of the controls for diagnostics, major selection algorithms, and execution of commands and its integration into the Series-Parallel PHEV through the supervisory controller. This paper also covers the plant model development and testing of the control algorithms using controller SIL and HIL methods. This paper details reasons for any changes to the control system, and describes improvements or tradeoffs that had to be made to the control system architecture for the vehicle to run reliably and meet its target specifications. Test results illustrate how changes to the plant model and control code properly affect operation of the control system in the actual vehicle. The VT Malibu is operational and projected to perform well at the final competition.Master of Science
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Lachhab, Nabil [Verfasser], Ferdinand [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Svaricek, and Claus [Gutachter] Hillermeier. "Robust Controller Optimization: Application to a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) / Nabil Lachhab ; Gutachter: Ferdinand Svaricek, Claus Hillermeier ; Akademischer Betreuer: Ferdinand Svaricek ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119824001/34.
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Lachhab, Nabil Verfasser], Ferdinand [Akademischer Betreuer] [Svaricek, and Claus [Gutachter] Hillermeier. "Robust Controller Optimization: Application to a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) / Nabil Lachhab ; Gutachter: Ferdinand Svaricek, Claus Hillermeier ; Akademischer Betreuer: Ferdinand Svaricek ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119824001/34.
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Čech, Tomáš. "Zkoumání vlivu přítlaku na životnost olověných akumulátorů pro hybridní elektrická vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of the thesis is to study literature and to become familiar with problems of accumulators operating in the mode of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). To work up problems of a potential impact of the influence on the system of the lead accumulator. Assemble the experimental cells with discontinuous system of parallel fins and to treat them with different operating modes. Then to evaluate the results.
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Dreier, Dennis. "Assessing the potential of fuel saving and emissions reduction of the bus rapid transit system in Curitiba, Brazil." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The transport sector contributes significantly to global energy use and emissions due to its traditional dependency on fossil fuels. Climate change, security of energy supply and increasing mobility demand is mobilising governments around the challenges of sustainable transport. Immediate opportunities to reduce emissions exist through the adoption of new bus technologies, e.g. advanced powertrains. This thesis analysed energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of conventional, hybrid-electric, and plug-in hybrid-electric city buses including two-axle, articulated, and biarticulated chassis types (A total of 6 bus types) for the operation phase (Tank-to-Wheel) in Curitiba, Brazil. The systems analysis tool – Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR) and a carbon balance method were applied. Seven bus routes and six operation times for each (i.e. 42 driving cycles) are considered based on real-world data. The results show that hybrid-electric and plug-in hybrid-electric two-axle city buses consume 30% and 58% less energy per distance (MJ/km) compared to a conventional two-axle city bus (i.e. 17.46 MJ/km). Additionally, the energy use per passenger-distance (MJ/pkm) of a conventional biarticulated city bus amounts to 0.22 MJ/pkm, which is 41% and 24% lower compared to conventional and hybrid-electric two-axle city buses, respectively. This is mainly due to the former’s large passenger carrying capacity. Large passenger carrying capacities can reduce energy use (MJ/pkm) if the occupancy rate of the city bus is sufficient high. Bus routes with fewer stops decrease energy use by 10-26% depending on the city bus, because of reductions in losses from acceleration and braking. The CO2 emissions are linearly proportional to the estimated energy use following from the carbon balance method, e.g. CO2 emissions for a conventional two-axle city bus amount to 1299 g/km. Further results show that energy use of city bus operation depends on the operation time due to different traffic conditions and driving cycle characteristics. An additional analysis shows that energy use estimations can vary strongly between considered driving cycles from real-world data. The study concludes that advanced powertrains with electric drive capabilities, large passenger carrying capacities and bus routes with a fewer number of bus stops are beneficial in terms of reducing energy use and CO2 emissions of city bus operation in Curitiba.
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Zemzami, Maria. "Variations sur PSO : approches parallèles, jeux de voisinages et applications Application d’un modèle parallèle de la méthode PSO au problème de transport d’électricité A modified Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm linking dynamic neighborhood topology to parallel computation An evolutionary hybrid algorithm for complex optimization problems Interoperability optimization using a modified PSO algorithm A comparative study of three new parallel models based on the PSO algorithm Optimization in collaborative information systems for an enhanced interoperability network." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reconnue depuis de nombreuses années comme une méthode efficace pour la résolution de problèmes difficiles, la méta-heuristique d’optimisation par essaim de particules PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) présente toutefois des inconvénients dont les plus étudiés sont le temps de calcul élevé et la convergence prématurée. Cette thèse met en exergue quelques variantes de la méthode PSO visant à échapper à ces deux inconvénients de la méthode. Ces variantes combinent deux approches : la parallélisation de la méthode de calcul et l’organisation de voisinages appropriés pour les particules. L’évaluation de la performance des modèles proposés a été effectuée sur la base d'une expérimentation sur une série de fonctions tests. A la lumière de l’analyse des résultats expérimentaux obtenus, nous observons que les différents modèles proposés donnent des résultats meilleurs que ceux du PSO classique en termes de qualité de la solution et du temps de calcul. Un modèle basé PSO a été retenu et développé en vue d'une expérimentation sur le problème du transport d’électricité. Une variante hybride de ce modèle avec la méthode du recuit simulé SA (Simulated Annealing) a été considérée et expérimentée sur la problématique des réseaux de collaborationKnown for many years as a stochastic metaheuristic effective in the resolution of difficult optimization problems, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, however, shows some drawbacks, the most studied: high running time and premature convergence. In this thesis we consider some variants of the PSO method to escape these two disadvantages. These variants combine two approaches: the parallelization of the calculation and the organization of appropriate neighborhoods for the particles. To prove the performance of the proposed models, we performed an experiment on a series of test functions. By analyzing the obtained experimental results, we observe that the proposed models based on the PSO algorithm performed much better than basic PSO in terms of computing time and solution quality. A model based on the PSO algorithm was selected and developed for an experiment on the problem of electricity transmission. A hybrid variant of this model with Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm has been considered and tested on the problem of collaborative networks
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Hwung, Zong-Shen, and 黃宗盛. "Fuel Economy Optimization of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4k38va.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
102
Due to the two power sources, the hybrid system has the advantage of low fuel consumption and low pollution, and so they are widely discussed. The hybrid systems have different hardware architectures, and varieties of control strategies have been developed. The object of the research is to optimize fuel consumption of Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) with the Dynamic Programming(DP) method. This research uses parallel hybrid system, and the system is in accordance with Honda Civic Hybrid’s Integrated Motor Assist(IMA) system,which is modeled and simulated in Mathlab/Simulink environment. Then, the dynamic programming method is applied to the selected variable parameters within a set range to find the fuel optimal region. Finally, the optimization results are analyzed and discussed.
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Won, Jong-Seob. "Intelligent energy management agent for a parallel hybrid vehicle." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/271.
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Pai, Ping-Hao, and 白秉皓. "Transmission Systems Design and Analysis for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9gg74c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系
106
The focus of this study is to research the influence of design matching between power integration mechanism and transmission system for single-motor parallel hybrid electric vehicle. This study using simulink/simscape environment to build the model of parallel hybrid electric vehicle powertrain system and by the influence of characteristic of power integration mechanisms, locations of gearbox at driveline, and design of gear ratio of gearbox. To investigate the matching design between torque-coupled power integration mechanisms and gearbox, which lets parallel hybrid vehicle has better efficiency and performance. This study mentions the matching design principle for torque-coupled type power integral mechanism parameters and location of gearbox, which bases on speed range of two power units. The design of torque-coupled type power integral mechanism parameters k_1 and k_2 are based on K ratio theory. Which can find out effective k values for torque-coupled type power integral mechanism and suitable locations of gearbox. By follow the simulations of driving cycles (EUDC) and acceleration test. The results show that higher K ratio has better power assist ability under pre-transmission architecture. For example, K ratio=1.6 can improve 8.5% power assist ability than K ratio=1. In proper gear ratio and K ratio design, top speed ability of vehicle can improve 9.3%, while in improper design, top speed ability of vehicle just improve 2.06%. Form simulation results, transmission system design would influence vehicle performance and use combine power of two power units for parallel hybrid vehicle. The design matching principle proposed in this study can find effective design range of torque-coupled type power integral mechanism parameters and gear ratio of gearbox. It can be used as a design reference theory for the transmission system of a parallel hybrid vehicle
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KUO-PAO, LI, and 李國寶. "The Study of Control System for Parallel Hybrid Electric Golf Vehicle." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48084611929606821252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
車輛工程學系碩士班
93
ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is the design of the hybrid golf vehicle control system, used the DC 36 V motor and a 150 c.c. water-cool internal combustion engine. The single chip is electronic control unit (ECU) is used to integrate hybrid power control system. The hybrid power system is divided into two models: model one is pure motor driving, another driving model combine motor with engine. The design of the electronic control system of electronic control unit (ECU) is divided into two parts: one part is controller such as master controller、 exciting current controller、 engine speed controller, anther part is monitor, such as engine speed monitor and vehicle speed monitor. To verify the control strategies of the hybrid golf vehicle control system, the Fuzzy Logic Control is used to finish this simulation work. The implementation of the exciting current controller and engine speed controller are use P controller. The master controller and other controllers have many input signals, such as battery voltage、 throttle valve position、 engine speed. The output signals are stepper motor signal and exciting current signal. Finally, through the power integrate mechanism can integrate the motor power and engine power.
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Jin-Xing-Lin and 林晉興. "The Study of Electrical Energy System for Parallel Hybrid Golf Vehicle." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04004391000171237729.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
車輛工程學系碩士班
93
The purpose of this study is to develop the electrical energy system for parallel hybrid golf vehicle. Because nowadays use in golf vehicle lead-acid battery all act for the hermetically style lead-acid battery, so that can not directly take advantage of lead-acid battery electrolyte specific gravity to estimation the hermetically style lead-acid battery state of charge. Dissertation to understand lead-acid battery characteristic, at first research aim for 12V/26Ah open style lead-acid battery, by means of by research open style lead-acid battery state of charge, let us towards lead-acid battery characteristic have certain acquaintance . Go on exist research object change for 12V/135Ah hermetically style lead-acid battery. Because hermetically style lead-acid battery discharge time of internal resistance with battery state of charge have close correlation, And then this dissertation then battery internal resistance makes research with unfasten to lead-acid, and direct to all sorts of lead-acid battery state of charge estimation means go to make unfasten, final this dissertation takes advantage of improve style internal resistance method estimation hermetically style lead-acid battery state of charge, because should battery material relation, we estimate the internal resistance and divide big and small current two part, overcome hermetically style lead-acid battery nature can not as specific gravity method estimation state of charge. Using LabVIEW to design parallel hybrid golf vehicle electrical energy system, use to PCI-6024E data extract card to extract 12V/135Ah hermetically style lead-acid battery signal, obturate signal by PCI-6024E biography to parallel hybrid golf vehicle electrical -venergy system. Let battery user can know battery's condition clearly, as avoid hermetically style lead-acid battery over discharge, damage to use life. And towards alternator output efficiency relation makes to exciting current, state of charge lack time at battery, can proceed charge to battery.
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Anderson, Garrett Lance. "Simulation of a parallel hydraulic hybrid refuse truck." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4681.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A rear loading refuse truck was simulated with a conventional and hydraulic hybrid configuration. Models for the hydraulic hybrid components were developed to simulate the system. A control algorithm was developed using a stochastic dynamic programming approach. The results did not match those that are advertised by the commercially available systems, but reasons for this deviation are discussed. The predicted improvement in fuel economy ranged from 1% to 15% depending on variance in drive cycle and vehicle weight. A brief analysis of the cost of the hybrid system was also conducted based on an estimated drive cycle. This analysis showed that, at current fuel prices of about $4.00/gallon, the system may not make financial sense for a 10 year period of ownership.text
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Matlock, Jay Michael Todd. "Evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The future of aviation technology is transitioning to cleaner, more efficient and higher endurance aircraft solutions. As fully electric propulsion systems still fall short of the operational requirements of modern day aircraft, there is increasing pressure and demand for the aviation industry to explore alternatives to fossil fuel driven propulsion systems. The primary focus of this research is to experimentally evaluate hybrid electric propulsion systems (HEPS) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) which combine multiple power sources to improve performance. HEPS offer several potential benefits over more conventional propulsion systems such as a smaller environmental impact, lower fuel consumption, higher endurance and novel configurations through distributed propulsion. Advanced operating modes are also possible with HEPS, increasing the vehicle’s versatility and redundancy in case of power source failure.
The primary objective of the research is to combine all of the components of a small-scale HEPS together in a modular test bench for evaluation. The test bench uses components sized for a small-scale UAV including a 2.34kW two-stroke 35cc engine and a 1.65kW brushless DC motor together with an ESC capable of regenerative braking. Individual components were first tested to characterize performance, and then all components were assembled together in a parallel configuration to observe system-level performance. The parallel HEPS is capable of functioning in the four required operating modes: EM Only, ICE Only, Dash Mode (combined EM and ICE power) as well as Regenerative Mode where the onboard batteries get recharged. Further, the test bench was implemented with a supervisory controller to optimize system performance and run each component in the most efficient region to achieve torque requirements programmed into mission profiles. The logic based controller operates with the ideal operating line (IOL) concept and is implemented with a custom LabView GUI.
The system is able to run on electric power or ICE power interchangeably without making any modifications to the transmission as the one-way bearing assembly engages for whichever power source is rotating at the highest speed. The most impressive of these sets of tests is the Dash mode testing where the output torque of the propeller is supplied from both the EM and ICE. Working in tandem, it was proved that the EM was drawing 19.9A of current which corresponds to an estimated 0.57Nm additional torque to the propeller for a degree of hybridization of 49.91%. Finally, the regenerative braking mode was proven to be operational, capable of recharging the battery systems at 13A. All of these operating modes attest to the flexibility and convenience of having a hybrid-electric propulsion system.
The results collected from the test bench were validated against the models created in the aircraft simulation framework. This framework was created in MATLAB to simulate the performance of a small UAV and compare the performance by swapping in various propulsion systems. The purpose of the framework is to make direct comparisons of HEPS performance for parallel and series architectures against conventional electric and gasoline configuration UAVs, and explore the trade-offs. Each aircraft variable in the framework was modelled parametrically so that parameter sweeps could be run to observe the impact on the aircraft’s performance. Finally, rather than comparing propulsion systems in steady-state, complex mission profiles were created that simulate real life applications for UAVs. With these experiments, it was possible to observe which propulsion configurations were best suited for each mission type, and provide engineers with information about the trade-offs or advantages of integrating hybrid-electric propulsion into UAV design.
In the Pipeline Inspection mission, the exact payload capacities of each aircraft configuration could be observed in the fuel burn versus CL,cruise parameter sweep exercise. It was observed that the parallel HEPS configuration has an average of 3.52kg lower payload capacity for the 35kg aircraft (17.6%), but has a fuel consumption reduction of up to 26.1% compared to the gasoline aircraft configuration. In the LIDAR Data collection mission, the electric configuration could be suitable for collection ranges below 100km but suffers low LIDAR collection times. However, at 100km LIDAR collection range, the series HEPS has an endurance of 16hr and the parallel configuration has an endurance of 19hr. In the Interceptor mission, at 32kg TOW, the parallel HEPS configuration has an endurance/TOW of 1.3[hr/kg] compared to 1.15[hr/kg] for the gasoline aircraft. This result yields a 13% increase in endurance from 36.8hr for gasoline to 41.6hr for the parallel HEPS. Finally, in the Communications Relay mission, the gasoline configuration is recommended for all TOW above 28kg as it has the highest loiter endurance.Graduate
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Frantzeskakis, Petros. "Design of a parallel-series hybrid electric vehicle using multi-objective optimization techniques." Thesis, 1994. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/69/1/MM97634.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this thesis is to experimentally and analytically study and design a parallel-series Hybrid Electric Vehicle. The time response, power to cost ratio and overall electric drive efficiency were the criteria used in the selection of the electric drive unit. The results of constant current battery tests on several lead-acid batteries, namely Eastern-Penn RV31, Delco Voyageur 27FMF, Chloride 6EF7, Optima 800, and Eastern-Penn RV27 are presented. Furthermore, constant power tests results for two nickel-cadmium batteries (Saft Nife STM1.130 and Marathon 44SP100) along with the Eastern-Penn RV31 are presented. The Universal Battery Model was slightly modified and used to evaluate analytically the energy and power density of the RV31, STM1.130, and 44SP100 battery systems. Thereafter the analytical results of these batteries were compared with the experimental constant power battery test results. A mathematical model using governing vehicle dynamics equations was developed in the time domain for this investigation. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental results provided confidence to use the mathematical model for carrying out a multi-objective optimization on the electric drive system of the vehicle. The objectives investigated were specific energy, cost and cycle life of the battery system, range and acceleration. The mass of the battery pack, operating voltage of the electric drive system, specific energy density and final drive gear ratio were selected as design parameters. An experimental investigation was performed on the series mode of operation of the hybrid electric vehicle. The results of this investigation were used in the formulation of a multi-objective optimization procedure, which enabled the optimal tuning of the series mode of operation.
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Thuan, Truong Van, and 張文順. "The Control Strategy Development for Fuel Economy of a Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50091347143889490568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
機械與自動化工程學系
100
Hybrid Vehicle (HV) is a new technology in automotive industry. Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles (HHVs) can participate in reducing fuel consumption and environmental protection. HHVs are purely based on hydraulic hybrid technology and hydraulic components which are used widely day by day. Hydraulic hybrid vehicle has some advantages which the other kinds of HV don’t have: high power density, not flammable, lightweight and so on. However, there are some limitations: low energy density, no power grid plug-in capability. Anyway, HHV should be considered as a good technology for fuel economy and environment. Based on Matlab/Simulink environment, especially the SimScape Toolbox inside, Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (PHHV) simulation model for the new system is developed in this thesis. The simulation models include all the main system components such as the vehicle, the oil tank, the accumulators, the hydraulic pump/motor and the internal combustion engine (ICE). The power management is implemented based on available hydraulic power and ICE’s power. The main purpose is to evaluate the average fuel economy for the HHV with the added hydraulic hybrid system, then to establish the control strategy development for fuel economy of a PHHV. The models are tested basing on the urban driving cycles. The simulations results with various driving cycles and control strategies have shown significant improvement in the fuel economy for the constructed model of PHHV.
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Lai, Lin. "A Development of Design and Control Methodology for Next Generation Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Commercially available Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been around for more than ten years. However, their market share remains small. Focusing only on the improvement of fuel economy, the design tends to reduce the size of the internal combustion engine in the HEV, and uses the electrical drive to compensate for the power gap between the load demand and the engine capacity. Unfortunately, the low power density and the high cost of the combined electric motor drive and battery packs dictate that the HEV has either worse performance or much higher price than the conventional vehicle. In this research, a new design philosophy for parallel HEV is proposed, which uses a full size engine to guarantee the vehicle performance at least as good as the conventional vehicle, and hybridizes with an electrical drive in parallel to improve the fuel economy and performance beyond the conventional cars. By analyzing the HEV fuel economy versus the increasing of the electrical drive power on typical driving conditions, the optimal hybridization electric power capacity is determined. Thus, the full size engine HEV shows significant improvement in fuel economy and performance, with relatively short cost recovery period.
A new control strategy, which optimizes the fuel economy of parallel configured charge sustained hybrid electric vehicles, is proposed in the second part of this dissertation. This new approach is a constrained engine on-off strategy, which has been developed from the two extreme control strategies of maximum SOC and engine on-off, by taking their advantages and overcoming their disadvantages. A system optimization program using dynamic programming algorithm has been developed to calibrate the control parameters used in the developed control strategy, so that the control performance can be as close to the optimal solution as possible. In order to determine the sensitivity of the new control strategy to different driving conditions, a passenger car is simulated on different driving cycles. The performances of the vehicle with the new control strategy are compared with the optimal solution obtained on each driving condition with the dynamic programming optimization. The simulation result shows that the new control strategy always keeps its performance close to the optimal one, as the driving condition changes.
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(5930885), Mingyu Sun. "ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS CONTROL STRATEGY OF A PARALLEL THROUGH-THE-ROAD PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing amounts of vehicle emissions and vehicle energy consumption are major problems for the environment and energy conservation. Hybrid vehicles, which have less emissions and energy consumption, play more and more important roles in energy efficiency and sustainable development.
The power management strategies of a parallel-through-the-road hybrid architecture vehicle are different from traditional hybrid electric vehicles since one additional dimension is added. To study power management strategies, a simplified model of the vehicle is developed. Four types of power management strategies have been discovered previously based on the simplified model, including dynamic programming model, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, proportional state-of-charge algorithm, and regression model. A new power management strategy, which is artificial neural network model, is developed. All these five power management strategies are compared, and the artificial neural network model is proven to have the best results among the implementable strategies.
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"Supervisory Control Optimization with Sequential Quadratic Programming for Parallel Hybrid Vehicle with Synchronous Power Sources." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
abstract: The thesis covers the development and modeling of the supervisory hybrid controller using two different methods to achieve real-world optimization and power split of a parallel hybrid vehicle with a fixed shaft connecting the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Motor (EM). The first strategy uses a rule based controller to determine modes the vehicle should operate in. This approach is well suited for real-world applications. The second approach uses Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) approach in conjunction with an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) strategy to keep the vehicle in the most efficient operating regions. This latter method is able to operate the vehicle in various drive cycles while maintaining the SOC with-in allowed charge sustaining (CS) limits. Further, the overall efficiency of the vehicle for all drive cycles is increased. The limitation here is the that process is computationally expensive; however, with advent of the low cost high performance hardware this method can be used for the hybrid vehicle control.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Engineering 2017
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Kaban, Stefan. "Performance Modeling and Benchmark Analysis of an Advanced 4WD Series-Parallel PHEV Using Dynamic Programming." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5992.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advanced hybrid vehicle architectures can exploit multiple power sources and
optimal control to achieve high efficiency operation. In this work, a method for
generating the best-possible energy efficiency benchmark for a hybrid architecture
is introduced. The benchmark program uses Dynamic Programming to analyse a
reduced-fidelity MATLAB model over standard driving cycles, and bypasses vehicle
controls to identify the optimal control actions and resulting fuel consumption of the
Series-Parallel Multiple-Regime retrofitted PHEV of the UVic EcoCAR2 program.
The simulation results indicate an optimal fuel consumption value of 4.74L/100km,
in the parallel regime, compared to the stock Malibu's 8.83L/100km. The results are
found to be sensitive to the allowed level of regenerative braking, with an optimal
consumption value of 6.56L/100km obtained with restricted regen power limits. The
parallel regime provided more efficient operation overall, especially during more aggressive driving conditions. However, the series regime provided more desirable operation during gentle driving conditions, where opportunities for regenerative braking
are limited.
The generated powertrain control profiles were then used to drive a higher-fidelity
Simulink model. Due to the significant difference between the model structures of
the MATLAB and Simulink models, comparison of results were not conclusive. A
different simulation approach is required to make this proof-of-concept more useful
for controls development. This research forms the foundation for further studies.Graduate
0540
snkaban@gmail.com
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Lin, Cheng-Hsun, and 林政勳. "Using fuzzy control for the energy management strategy of plug-in biaxial parallel hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49066278122947365913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
102
The goal of this research is establishing an energy management strategy for plug-in biaxial parallel hybrid electric vehicle. For this HEV structure has four degree of freedom with engine, generator, traction motor, transmission, so it is very complex. This research uses the optimal method to find up the optimal operation area for each power system, and using the optimal result to building the hierarchical control strategy to reduce the complexity. The hierarchical control strategy is transmission control, torque split control, generator control sequentially, and using fuzzy logic control to make the switch among modes more smoothly, and reducing the loading for the hybrid system. Finally, Using the consideration of the desire distance make PHEV more excellent. In this search, establishing the hybrid electric vehicle model base on Luxgen SUV 7 by Matlab/Simulink, and identify the ICE model by the experiment data to make the method of the model building. Using this model to simulating the energy management strategy, then this research will investigate the advantage and disadvantage of this strategy by different test.
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Sun, Yun-Chung, and 孫允中. "Energy Management Strategy of Plug-in Series Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Composed of Multiple Power Components." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13517914280687731780.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
104
This research is about establishing an energy management strategy which aims to enhance efficiency of energy consumption and performance of plug-in series parallel hybrid electric vehicle. There are many power components in this PHEV structure like engine, ISG and high power permanent magnet motor in the front axial, and high power induction motor in the rear axial. The power components are matched with single reduction ratio gear, clutch, or transmission specifically to make PHEV structure a high degree freedom system. First, this research evaluates and analyzes the PHEV powertrain structure, then distributes what the energy management strategy (EMS) should do. Later on, the EMS according to the tasks would be modularized. The function module includes Component Capacity Calculate module, Vehicle Torque Demand module, Function State module, Gearbox Control module, Torque Split module, and Torque Charging module. In consideration of driver''s requirement and status of vehicle, the proposed flow can utilize these function modules to seek the optimal combination of power components while reaching high efficiency. In this research, we utilize Matlab, Simulink, Stateflow to develop the EMS and dSPACE ASM, Matlab, Simulink to develop the PHEV vehicle model. Integration of the EMS and the vehicle model is implemented under Model in the Loop simulation. Result of the simulation is analyzed while further advantages and disadvantages of the EMS designed in this research is dicussed.
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Prescott, Daniel. "Development and Implementation of Control System for an Advanced Multi-Regime Series-Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6590.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the Model-Based-Design (MBD) development process used presently by the automotive industry, the control systems for a new Series-Parallel Multiple-Regime Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), UVic EcoCAR2, have been developed, implemented and tested. Concurrent simulation platforms were used to achieve different developmental goals, with a simplified system power loss model serving as the low-overhead control strategy optimization platform, and a high fidelity Software-in-Loop (SIL) model serving as the vehicle control development and testing platform. These two platforms were used to develop a strategy-independent controls development tool which will allow deployment of new strategies for the vehicle irrespective of energy management strategy particulars. A rule-based energy management strategy was applied and calibrated using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. The concurrent modeling approach was validated by comparing the vehicle equivalent fuel consumption between the simplified and SIL models. An equivalency factor (EF) of 1 was used in accounting for battery state of charge (SOC) discrepancies at cycle end. A recursively-defined subsystem efficiency-based EF was also applied to try to capture real-world equivalency impacts. Aggregate results between the two test platforms showed translation of the optimization benefits though absolute results varied for some cycles. Accuracy improvements to the simplified model to better capture dynamic effects are recommended to improve the utility of the newly introduced vehicle control system development method. Additional future work in redefining operation modes and mode transition threshold conditions to approximate optimal vehicle operation is recommended and readily supported by the control system platform developed.Graduate
0540
0548
0790
d.e.prescott@gmail.com
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(8803250), Akshay Amarendra Kasture. "A power management strategy for a parallel through-the-road plug-in hybrid electric vehicle using genetic algorithm." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the upsurge of greenhouse gas emissions and rapid depletion of fossil fuels, the pressure on the transportation industry to develop new vehicles with improved fuel economy without sacrificing performance is on the rise. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), which employ an internal combustion engine as well as an electric motor as power sources, are becoming increasingly popular alternatives to traditional engine only vehicles. However, the presence of multiple power sources makes HEVs more complex. A significant task in developing an HEV is designing a power management strategy, defined as a control system tasked with the responsibility of efficiently splitting the power/torque demand from the separate energy sources. Five different types of power management strategies, which were developed previously, are reviewed in this work, including dynamic programming, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, proportional state-of-charge algorithm, regression modeling and long short term memory modeling. The effects of these power management strategies on the vehicle performance are studied using a simplified model of the vehicle. This work also proposes an original power management strategy development using a genetic algorithm. This power management strategy is compared to dynamic programming and several similarities and differences are observed in the results of dynamic programming and genetic algorithm. For a particular drive cycle, the implementation of the genetic algorithm strategy on the vehicle model leads to a vehicle speed profile that almost matches the original speed profile of that drive cycle.
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Hutcheson, Ryan S. "Function-based Design Tools for Analyzing the Behavior and Sensitivity of Complex Systems During Conceptual Design." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Complex engineering systems involve large numbers of functional elements. Each
functional element can exhibit complex behavior itself. Ensuring the ability of such
systems to meet the customer's needs and requirements requires modeling the behavior
of these systems. Behavioral modeling allows a quantitative assessment of the ability of
a system to meet specific requirements. However, modeling the behavior of complex
systems is difficult due to the complexity of the elements involved and more importantly
the complexity of these elements' interactions.
In prior work, formal functional modeling techniques have been applied as a means of
performing a qualitative decomposition of systems to ensure that needs and requirements
are addressed by the functional elements of the system. Extending this functional
decomposition to a quantitative representation of the behavior of a system represents a
significant opportunity to improve the design process of complex systems.
To this end, a functionality-based behavioral modeling framework is proposed along
with a sensitivity analysis method to support the design process of complex systems.
These design tools have been implemented in a computational framework and have been
used to model the behavior of various engineering systems to demonstrate their maturity,
application and effectiveness. The most significant result is a multi-fidelity model of a
hybrid internal combustion-electric racecar powertrain that enabled a comprehensive
quantitative study of longitudinal vehicle performance during various stages in the design process. This model was developed using the functionality-based framework
and allowed a thorough exploration of the design space at various levels of fidelity. The
functionality-based sensitivity analysis implemented along with the behavioral modeling
approach provides measures similar to a variance-based approach with a computation
burden of a local approach. The use of a functional decomposition in both the
behavioral modeling and sensitivity analysis significantly contributes to the flexibility of
the models and their application in current and future design efforts. This contribution
was demonstrated in the application of the model to the 2009 Texas A&M Formula
Hybrid powertrain design.
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Ivan, Lucian. "Development of High-order CENO Finite-volume Schemes with Block-based Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A high-order central essentially non-oscillatory (CENO) finite-volume scheme in combination with a block-based adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm is proposed for solution of hyperbolic and elliptic systems of conservation laws on body- fitted multi-block mesh. The spatial discretization of the hyperbolic (inviscid) terms is based on a hybrid solution reconstruction procedure that combines an unlimited high-order k-exact least-squares
reconstruction technique following from a fixed central stencil with a monotonicity preserving limited piecewise linear reconstruction algorithm. The limited reconstruction is applied to computational cells with under-resolved solution content and the unlimited k-exact reconstruction
procedure is used for cells in which the solution is fully resolved. Switching in the
hybrid procedure is determined by a solution smoothness indicator. The hybrid approach
avoids the complexity associated with other ENO schemes that require reconstruction on
multiple stencils and therefore, would seem very well suited for extension to unstructured meshes. The high-order elliptic (viscous) fluxes are computed based on a k-order accurate average gradient derived from a (k+1)-order accurate reconstruction. A novel h-refinement criterion based on the solution smoothness indicator is used to direct the steady and unsteady refinement of the AMR mesh. The predictive capabilities of the proposed high-order AMR scheme are demonstrated for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations governing two-dimensional
compressible gaseous flows as well as for advection-diffusion problems characterized
by the full range of Peclet numbers, Pe. The ability of the scheme to accurately represent
solutions with smooth extrema and yet robustly handle under-resolved and/or non-smooth solution content (i.e., shocks and other discontinuities) is shown for a range of problems. Moreover, the ability to perform mesh refinement in regions of smooth but under-resolved and/or non-smooth solution content to achieve the desired resolution is also demonstrated.