Дисертації з теми "Complex human systems"
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1
Lewis, James R. "Modelling complex human-based industrial systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95884/1/James_Lewis_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a case study in modelling a complex human-based industrial system which addresses the problem of network peak demand for electricity by residential customers. The study demonstrates the importance of designing interventions aimed at reducing peak demand that take into account the interactions of the various elements of the system. Available data from industry-specific and public sources was combined with data from relevant expert opinion through a Bayesian network (BN) approach. Applying the BN to investigate various market-based and government interventions provided insights into the major influencing factors in the system.
2
Henneman, Richard Lewis. "Human problem solving in complex hierarchical large scale systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25432.
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3
Ramos, Martín Jesús. "Complex systems and exosomatic energy metabolism of human societies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La presente Tesis se centra en la importancia que tienen los flujos de energía para explicar la evolución de las economías en el tiempo, de menor a mayor organización, de menor a mayor complejidad. El desarrollo económico es un proceso, no un objetivo final para ninguna sociedad. Está relacionado con la evolució n de los sistemas humanos así como con su interacción con el entorno. Por lo tanto, se necesita un enfoque biofísico para poder entender mejor el proceso de desarrollo. Por ello esta tesis incluye una primera parte teórica y una parte empírica.La primera parte consiste en 5 capítulos, principalmente de contenido teórico. Esta parte trata la relación entre la teoría económica, la teoría de los sistemas complejos y la termodinámica. El Capítulo 1 presenta de forma breve la relación entre complejidad, energía y economía, que son tratadas con más detalle en el resto de la tesis. El Capítulo 2 presenta el análisis energético bajo el enfoque de las diferentes escuelas de pensamiento económico. Se da particular énfasis al retorno al interés clásico en la producció n, tal y como recientemente surge entre aquellos que se llaman "economistas ecológicos". De hecho, uno de los mayores avances de éstos ha sido la incorporación de aspectos de la termodinámica al análisis económico. En particular, se habla de la importancia de la Segunda Ley de la Termodinámica y de su resultado más importante, la irreversibilidad de los procesos, que pone de manifiesto la importancia de la Historia. El Capítulo 3 trata de forma breve los temas de complejidad y autoorganización. El Capítulo 4 usa los conceptos desarrollados en capítulos anteriores para caracterizar a los sitemas humanos (p.e. economías) como sistemas abiertos lejos del equilibrio (termodinámico). Se presentan, a su vez, sus principales características, entre las que destacan su carácter jerárquico y su funcionamiento a través de ciclos auto-catalíticos que unen los diferentes niveles del sistema. La evolución de los sistemas económicos es el tema del Capítulo 5, tanto desde una perspectiva económica tradicional como desde una evolutiva, en la que 'la historia cuenta'. La explicación se basa en el análisis termodinámico, en donde el énfasis está en la relación entre la disipación de energía y el desarrollo. La segunda parte de la tesis consiste en 4 artículos publicados en revistas internacionales (capítulos 6 a 9), y un artículo que será enviado próximamente a una revista y que será presentado en una conferencia internacional en el verano de 2005. El primero de los artículos (Capítulo 6) es todavía de tipo teórico, tratando el tema del empirismo en economía ecológica para analizar la evolución de las sociedades. El Segundo (Capítulo 7) presenta la primera aplicación que hice en 2001 de la metodología MSIASM, para analizar la evolución de la economía española en el tiempo, y ayuda al lector a familiarizarse con la metodología.
El tercer artículo (Capítulo 8) vuelve a ser de carácter teórico, pero representa un avance y desarrollo teórico, y ayuda a entender las potencialidades que presenta la metodología utilizada, por medio de la inclusión de conceptos como el 'efecto mosaico' o el 'análisis de ciclos impredicativos', que ayudan a desarrollar mejor la narrativas a usar cuando analizamos temas de sustentabilidad. El cuarto artículo (Capítulo 9) presenta otra aplicación de MSIASM. En este caso se trata de entender las posibilidades que ofrece la metodología para ayudar a explicar trayectorias pasadas de desarrollo, así como para elaborar escenarios futuros de desarrollo. El quinto artículo (Capítulo 10) es la última aplicación, hasta el momento, de la misma metodología. El artículo representa un análisis del desarrollo económico de un actor principal en la economía mundial en la actualidad, China, para ofrecer respuestas diferentes a las típicas preguntas sobre la relación entre desarrollo y disipación de energía.
The present dissertation deals with the issue of the importance of energy flows in driving the evolution of economies on time, from less to more organised structures. From less to more complex systems. Economic development is a process, not a final goal to be achieved by any society. It is related to the economic evolution of human systems as well as with their interaction with the environment. Therefore, a biophysical analysis is needed to fully understand the process. The Thesis comprises both a theoretical and an empirical part. The first one consists of Chapters 1 to 5, which are mainly of theoretical content. This is the part dealing with the relationship between economic theory, complex systems theory and thermodynamics. Chapter 1 briefly presents the relationships between complexity, energy, and economics that are developed with more detail throughout the Thesis. Chapter 2 presents energy analysis under the framework of the different schools of economic thought. Stress is given to the revival of the classical interest in production, as we can find among those who call themselves "ecological economists". In fact, one of their major advances of this school has been the incorporation of the insights of thermodynamics to economic analysis. They have mainly used the Second Law of thermodynamics and its major result, the irreversibility of processes, and therefo re the importance of History. Chapter 3 deals with the issue of complexity and self-organisation. Chapter 4 uses the concepts developed in previous chapters to characterise human systems (i.e. economies) as open complex systems far from (thermodynamic) equilibrium. Their major characteristics are presented, focusing on their hierarchical structure and their functioning via autocatalytic loops that link each level of the system. The evolution of economic systems is analysed in Chapter 5, both from a traditional economic perspective and from an evolutionary one, in which 'history counts'. The explanation is based on thermodynamic analysis, in the sense than the relation between energy dissipation and development is the focus. The second part consists of 4 published papers in international refereed journals (Chapters 6 to 9) and one paper to be submitted soon after it is presented at an international conference in July 2005 (Chapter 10). The first of the papers (Chapter 6) is still theoretical, dealing with the issue of empiricism in the field of ecological economics to analyse the evolution of societies. The second one (Chapter 7) presents the first application I made back in 2001 of the MSIASM methodology, to analyse the evolution of the Spanish economy over time, and helps the reader to be familiar with the methodology. The third paper (Chapter 8) represents a step forward in the theoretical development of the approach used, and helps in fully understanding the potentialities of such methodology, by introducing key concepts such as 'mosaic effect' or 'impredicative loop analysis', that help developing better narratives for using when analysing sustainability. The fourth paper (Chapter 9) presents another application of MSIASM, this time for understanding its possibilities to help explain past trajectories of development and to help elaborate scenarios of future development. The fifth paper (Chapter 10) is the last application of the methodology. The paper represents an analysis of the economic development of a major actor nowadays, China, by applying MSIASM to try to get different answers to the usual questions regarding the relationship between economic development and energy dissipation.
4
Armstrong, James Eubank Jr. "Distributed decision making for command-and-control of complex dynamic systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30983.
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5
Тризна, Олександра Олександрівна, and А. О. Ковальова. "Human factors of complex indication systems of new generation aircrafts." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2015. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/13940.
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6
Ganapathy, Subhashini. "HUMAN-CENTERED TIME-PRESSURED DECISION MAKING IN DYNAMIC COMPLEX SYSTEMS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1152229142.
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7
McQuesten, Pamela Ann. "Human action in mass communication : a complex adaptive systems approach /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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8
Erdogan, Ezgi. "A Complex Dynamical Systems Model Of Education, Research, Employment, And Sustainable Human Development." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12612138/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Economic events of this era reflect the fact that the value of information and technology has
surpassed the value of physical production. This motivates countries to focus on increasing
the education levels of citizens. However, policy making about education system and its returns
requires dynamical analyses in order to be sustainable. The study aims to investigate
the dynamic characteristics of a country-wide education system, in particular, that of Turkey.
System Dynamics modeling, which is one of the most commonly referred tools for understanding
the complex social structures, is used. Our model introduces dynamic relationships
among different classes of labor forces with varying education levels, university admissions,
research quality, and the investments made in education, research and other sectors. Model
experimentation provides new insights into the investment and capacity-related aspects of the
education system environment.
9
Quinn, Janet. "Studies on the inner lipoyl domain of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240856.
Повний текст джерела
10
Baraka, Ali. "Soft-computing and human-centric approaches for modelling complex manufacturing systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16183/.
Повний текст джерела
11
Kim, So Young. "Model-based metrics of human-automation function allocation in complex work environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Function allocation is the design decision which assigns work functions to all agents in a team, both human and automated. Efforts to guide function allocation systematically has been studied in many fields such as engineering, human factors, team and organization design, management science, and cognitive systems engineering. Each field focuses on certain aspects of function allocation, but not all; thus, an independent discussion of each does not address all necessary issues with function allocation. Four distinctive perspectives emerged from a review of these fields: technology-centered, human-centered, team-oriented, and work-oriented. Each perspective focuses on different aspects of function allocation: capabilities and characteristics of agents (automation or human), team structure and processes, and work structure and the work environment.
Together, these perspectives identify the following eight issues with function allocation:
1)Workload,
2)Incoherency in function allocations,
3)Mismatches between responsibility and authority,
4)Interruptive automation,
5)Automation boundary conditions,
6)Function allocation preventing human adaptation to context,
7)Function allocation destabilizing the humans' work environment, and
8)Mission Performance.
Addressing these issues systematically requires formal models and simulations that include all necessary aspects of human-automation function allocation: the work environment, the dynamics inherent to the work, agents, and relationships among them. Also, addressing these issues requires not only a (static) model, but also a (dynamic) simulation that captures temporal aspects of work such as the timing of actions and their impact on the agent's work. Therefore, with properly modeled work as described by the work environment, the dynamics inherent to the work, agents, and relationships among them, a modeling framework developed by this thesis, which includes static work models and dynamic simulation, can capture the issues with function allocation.
Then, based on the eight issues, eight types of metrics are established. The purpose of these metrics is to assess the extent to which each issue exists with a given function allocation. Specifically, the eight types of metrics assess workload, coherency of a function allocation, mismatches between responsibility and authority, interruptive automation, automation boundary conditions, human adaptation to context, stability of the human's work environment, and mission performance.
Finally, to validate the modeling framework and the metrics, a case study was conducted modeling four different function allocations between a pilot and flight deck automation during the arrival and approach phases of flight. A range of pilot cognitive control modes and maximum human taskload limits were also included in the model. The metrics were assessed for these four function allocations and analyzed to validate capability of the metrics to identify important issues in given function allocations. In addition, the design insights provided by the metrics are highlighted
This thesis concludes with a discussion of mechanisms for further validating the modeling framework and function allocation metrics developed here, and highlights where these developments can be applied in research and in the design of function allocations in complex work environments such as aviation operations.
12
Prabhala, Sasanka V. "Designing Computer Agents with Personality to Improve Human-Machine Collaboration in Complex Systems." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1173299872.
Повний текст джерела
13
Wardell-Johnson, Angela. "People in context: critical social dimensions in complex landscape systems." Thesis, Wardell-Johnson, Angela (2007) People in context: critical social dimensions in complex landscape systems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/476/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Landscape-based approaches to solving environmental issues have been widely recommended by scientists and policy makers. These issues are found at the interface of social and ecological systems. Understanding the social dimensions of landscape issues has been suggested as part of the solution. This doctoral research integrated theoretical concepts with survey-based numerical taxonomy and qualitative analysis to explore three social dimensions underpinning decision-making at the landscape scale in rural Australia.
These linked social dimensions that provided a research focus were sense of place and accompanying social capital that is embedded within private, social and institutional practice in discourses of the environment. Complex systems theory provided the framework to explore the interactions and relationships between these dimensions and to describe the emergent processes.
The first phase of this research developed theoretically and empirically derived conceptual models for the three dimensions. These models provided a basis for operationalisation for the survey-based numerical taxonomy in the second phase. Data for this analysis was collected through survey questionnaires (124 returned with 60% response rate) from two social catchments (the Katanning Zone in the Blackwood Basin in Western Australia and the Condamine Headwaters in the upper reaches of the Murray Darling Basin in Queensland). The results from the numerical taxonomy provided a focus for semi-structured interviews (24 representative participants) that provided further analysis through qualitative methods in the third phase.
Combining conceptual models with quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to expose three emergent processes that maintain resilience in these landscape systems. The first was formed through the interactive social relationships between communities of place, identity and interest that constitute social catchments. The second emergent process formed at the nexus of local, scientific and Indigenous frameworks of knowledge. The interactive social catchment relationships and three knowledge frameworks dictated the relative weightings of social, ecological and economic values of the triple bottom line, which formed the third emergent process. It is suggested that the interactions of these emergent processes characterised resilience in these systems.
The social dimensions in this thesis provided a focus that suggests that the interactions between community in a social catchment governs the predominance of knowledge form and the accommodation of the values in the triple bottom line. The integration of theoretical, quantitative and qualitative approaches can be couched within a complex systems framework. This contributes to a re-framing of the social relationships in landscapes to identify social catchments as the appropriate focus for interaction in decision-making at the landscape scale.
14
Wardell-Johnson, Angela. "People in context : critical social dimensions in complex landscape systems /." Wardell-Johnson, Angela (2007) People in context: critical social dimensions in complex landscape systems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/476/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Landscape-based approaches to solving environmental issues have been widely recommended by scientists and policy makers. These issues are found at the interface of social and ecological systems. Understanding the social dimensions of landscape issues has been suggested as part of the solution. This doctoral research integrated theoretical concepts with survey-based numerical taxonomy and qualitative analysis to explore three social dimensions underpinning decision-making at the landscape scale in rural Australia.
These linked social dimensions that provided a research focus were sense of place and accompanying social capital that is embedded within private, social and institutional practice in discourses of the environment. Complex systems theory provided the framework to explore the interactions and relationships between these dimensions and to describe the emergent processes.
The first phase of this research developed theoretically and empirically derived conceptual models for the three dimensions. These models provided a basis for operationalisation for the survey-based numerical taxonomy in the second phase. Data for this analysis was collected through survey questionnaires (124 returned with 60% response rate) from two social catchments (the Katanning Zone in the Blackwood Basin in Western Australia and the Condamine Headwaters in the upper reaches of the Murray Darling Basin in Queensland). The results from the numerical taxonomy provided a focus for semi-structured interviews (24 representative participants) that provided further analysis through qualitative methods in the third phase.
Combining conceptual models with quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to expose three emergent processes that maintain resilience in these landscape systems. The first was formed through the interactive social relationships between communities of place, identity and interest that constitute social catchments. The second emergent process formed at the nexus of local, scientific and Indigenous frameworks of knowledge. The interactive social catchment relationships and three knowledge frameworks dictated the relative weightings of social, ecological and economic values of the triple bottom line, which formed the third emergent process. It is suggested that the interactions of these emergent processes characterised resilience in these systems.
The social dimensions in this thesis provided a focus that suggests that the interactions between community in a social catchment governs the predominance of knowledge form and the accommodation of the values in the triple bottom line. The integration of theoretical, quantitative and qualitative approaches can be couched within a complex systems framework. This contributes to a re-framing of the social relationships in landscapes to identify social catchments as the appropriate focus for interaction in decision-making at the landscape scale.
15
Rounsefell, Vanda Barbara. "From egocity to ecocity : an ecological, complex systems approach to humans and their settlements." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr8595.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
16
Allendoerfer, Kenneth Robert Chen Chaomei. "How information visualization systems change users' understandings of complex data /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3159.
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17
Henthorne, Cody M. "Sonifying Performance Data to Facilitate Tuning of Complex Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the modern computing landscape, the challenge of tuning software systems is exacerbated by the necessity to accommodate multiple divergent execution environments and stakeholders. Achieving optimal performance requires a different configuration for every combination of hardware setups and business requirements. In addition, the state of the art in system tuning can involve complex statistical models and tools which require deep expertise not commonly possessed by the average software engineer. As an alternative approach to performance tuning, this thesis puts forward the use of sonification-conveying information via non-speech audio-to aid software engineers in tuning complex systems. In particular, this thesis designs, develops, and evaluates a tuning system that interactively (i.e., in response to user actions) sonifies the performance metrics of a computer system. This thesis demonstrates that interactive sonification can effectively guide software engineers through performance tuning of a computer system.
To that end, a scientific survey determined which sound characteristics (e.g., loudness, panning, pitch, tempo, etc.) are best suited to express information to the engineer. These characteristics were used to create a proof-of-concept tuning system that was applied to tune the parameters of a real world enterprise application server. Equipped with the tuning system, engineers-not experts in enterprise computing nor performance tuning-were able to tune the server, so that its resulting performance surpasses that exhibited under the standard configuration. The results indicate that sound-based tuning approaches can provide valuable solutions to the challenges of configuring complex computer systems.Master of Science
18
Jiang, Shan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Deciphering human activities in complex urban systems : mining big data for sustainable urban future." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 187-200).
"Big Data" is in vogue, and the explosion of urban sensors, mobile phone traces, and other windows onto urban activities has generated much hype about the advent of a new 'urban science.' However, translating such Big Data into a planning-relevant understanding of activity patterns and travel behavior presents a number of obstacles. This dissertation examines some of these obstacles and develops data processing pipelines and urban activity modeling techniques that can complement traditional travel surveys and facilitate the development of richer models of activity patterns and land use-transportation interactions. This study develops methods and tests their usefulness by using Singapore metropolitan area as an example, and employing data mining and statistical learning methods to distill useful spatiotemporal information on human activities by people and by place from traditional travel survey data, semantically enriched GIS data, massive and passive call detail records (CDR) data, and Wi-Fi augmented mobile positioning data. I illustrate that regularity and heterogeneity exist in individuals' daily activity patterns in the metropolitan area. I test the hypothesis that by characterizing and clustering individuals' activity profiles, and incorporating them into household decision choice models, we can characterize household lifestyles in ways that enhance our understanding and enable us to predict important decision-making processes within the urban system. I also demonstrate ways of integrating Big Data with traditional data sources in order to identify human mobility patterns, urban structures, and semantic themes of places reflected by human activities. Finally, I discuss how the enriched understanding about cities, human mobility, activity, and behavior choices derived from Big Data can make a difference in land use planning, urban growth management, and transportation policies.
by Shan Jiang.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning
19
Laingen, Christopher R. "Complex feedbacks among human and natural systems and pheasant hunting in South Dakota, USA." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1352.
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20
Krulíková, Dagmar. "Human Resources Information System Analysis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the biggest and prolonged capital assets of society is investment in staff. If they are managed in the right way, these investments can be the source of innovation and growth, competitive advantage and previsions of leading position in the market. Viz.[7] This Diploma thesis is aimed on the analyses of the human resources management, structure and demands on the personal information system, which solves this area as a whole. Described systems and solutions are generalization of the author's theoretical and practical experiences with particular human resources information system. There are defined the demands on common concept of HR IS. In this diploma thesis you can find the description
21
SAMAR, EL HELOU. "Evolutionary Design of Electronic Medical Record Systems." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラムKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(情報学)
甲第22097号
情博第707号
新制||情||121(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻
(主査)教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 吉川 正俊, 教授 矢守 克也
学位規則第4条第1項該当
22
Den, Hartigh Jan Rudolf. "Capturing complex processes of human performance : insights from the domain of sports." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT4001/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La performance sportive est influencée par de nombreux facteurs, lesquels s’influencent eux-mêmes réciproquement. La complexité de ces facteurs et de leurs relations ayant été négligée par les chercheurs, l’objet de la présente thèse était de rendre compte de cette complexité, à l’aide de méthodes empruntées à l’approche dynamique. Nous avons pu montrer que (a) les joueurs de football les plus experts construisent leur représentations du jeu en cours (les liens entre actions réalisées sur le terrain) avec des niveaux de complexité les plus élevés; (b) en aviron, une organisation motrice complexe, impliquant des interactions entre de nombreuses composantes, sous-tend la génération des mouvements de rame en cours; (c) le momentum psychologique en aviron se caractérise par des changements psychologiques et de performance qui s’inscrivent dans l’histoire de la performance; et (d) la performance excellente se développe à partir des interactions en cours entre les facteurs personnels et environnementaux couplés. Ces différents éclairages montrent l’intérêt d’une approche de la complexité pour comprendre les processus de performanceThe processes involved in human performance seem inherently complex and dynamic. For example, in order to “read the game”, a soccer player must integrate all the information from the ongoing movements and positions of team members, the opponents, the relative positions between them, where the ball is located, etc. Furthermore, an individual’s motor performance, which is particularly crucial in sports, depends on various simultaneous processes at different levels of the motor system: Cells, muscles, limbs, the brain, etc. In addition, individuals and teams do not perform in a void, but in achievement contexts, in which they strive for their goals, and their psychological states and performance may fluctuate as a function of many personal and environmental factors. For example, an athlete may enter a positive or negative spiral when perceiving that he or she is progressing or regressing in relation to the preferred goal or outcome (e.g., the victory). This perception of progress and regress, and the positive and negative psychological and behavioral (performance) changes accompanying this perception, are called positive and negative psychological momentum (PM; e.g., Gernigon, Briki, & Eykens, 2010). Positive and negative PM can emerge from one’s (or the opponent’s) mistakes, referee decisions, crowd behaviors, one’s psychological and physical state at a certain moment, and the interactions between these factors (Taylor & Demick, 1994). In addition, switching from performance on a relatively short time frame to a long-term process, individuals develop their abilities over multiple years, and hence over many practice or competition occasions. Ultimately, very few individuals develop world-class performance (e.g., winning Olympic medals), and their excellent abilities develop out of a combination of a variety of personal and environmental factors in interaction (e.g., motivation, coaching, family support, practice; Simonton, 1999). The current dissertation aims to capture complex dynamic performance-related processes, including the topics illustrated above. This means that we examine complexity at different levels (psychological, behavioral), time scales (from one training or competition session up to a career), as well as the interrelation between the processes across different levels and time scales
23
Rodriguez, Simonetta Andrea 1952. "Human/environmental relations analysis & simulation using human-centered systems methods for design and evaluation of complex habitable environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-75).
by Simonetta Andrea Rodriguez.
S.M.
24
Herrera, Alfredo. "Open Source Hardware for Human Development." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human Development is not a term used in casual conversation, it describes the current approach used by large aide international development organizations like the United Nations; but most people are familiar with the terms “emergency relief” and “humanitarian intervention”. Emergency relief focuses on providing assistance to save lives, alleviate suffering, or protect populations; while human development uses various societal levers to improve living conditions. The United Nation has been publishing an annual report on human development since 1990 (UNDP 1990), and it is widely recognized as a consistent measure of global living conditions. Development strategies revolve around a transfer of something valuable to an aided population: education, vaccination, fertilizers, etc. In technology-based human development projects, technology artefacts (a medical record computer system, solar electrification systems, irrigation) and related knowledge (education, operation and maintenance instruction) are those valuables being transferred. The benefits of technology are specific to each economy, and dependant on how quickly technology is adapted and integrated in the local economy (Cypher & Dietz 2008). The value of ideas increases to the degree they can be shared with and used by others (Houghton & Sheehan 2000): the more knowledge is diffused and adopted, the greater its value. The success of free and open-source software exemplifies this principle, and a growing number of scholars agree that the model also applies to hardware (Balka et al. 2009; Thompson 2008). This thesis presents research on open source hardware and its knowledge-sharing approach as a means to human development. It presents a model that leverages the collaborative design methodology of open hardware for adoption of artefacts that address pressing “humanitarian technology” needs, for example, in health or education. To achieve this, critical literature reviews on open source and on technology-based human development are first done; the findings from literature are then complemented with the findings from interviews and case studies to model a sustainable deployment strategy for open source use in human development projects. Adopting the human development paradigm defined in the first Human Development Report (“HDR1990”), which aims at three people-centered aspirations: to live a long and healthy life, to be educated and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living (UNDP 1990). This thesis research models its deployment strategy using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), showing that: (a) open source hardware, like any technology used in development, can magnify effective development programs when used appropriately; (b) Dr. E.F. Schumacher’s appropriate technology principles, and P. Polak’s reinstatement, mesh very well with the open source methodology, as long as required constituents in the aided communities are taken care of (availability of electricity, internet access, technical know-how, etc.); (c) extreme affordability is particularly important for open source hardware, because a sustainable strategy is based on the belief that aided population would want to procure these artifacts if they improve their earning potential; (d) participatory human development practices work well with the open source methodology, but “solutions” must be fully verified before deployment. This document is structured in 5 chapters: introduction, literature review, research strategies, case studies and interviews, and conclusion. The appendix include three articles published on parallel work for the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) on defining a strategy for the IEEE’s use of opens source technology in their humanitarian activities. This research provides insight into the new topic of open source hardware and its proposed use in the mission critical context of international development; because entrepreneurship is a key enabler to the strategy it describes, I hope the research can support future work on that aspect.
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Lucchini, Lorenzo. "The Impact Of Innovators’ Behaviour: a study on attractiveness and coordination." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/264841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Innovation is defined as the introduction of new things or methods. In the history of human society, progress and cultural evolution occurred as a consequence of innovation processes. Typically changes proposed by a restricted number of peoples became widely adopted innovations as soon as a broad consensus formed around their adoption. In this thesis, we
explore the role of innovators as potentially influential individuals in our society. Studying their behaviour is crucial to understand what are the factors that drove their decision in the process of becoming influential.
In particular, here we uncover the importance of cultural attractors as cities where strong akin communities are present. Our approach involves the use of Wikipedia as a source for historical mobility data to model the migration patterns of globally relevant innovators.
While here we study mobility on a broad range of different disciplines where different innovators gave their contributions, we also focus on a smaller and more modern system. Historical innovators are easily identified and discerned from uninfluential ones thanks to the wisdom of the time. However, due to the scarce availability of individual historical data, we point our attention to more recent versions of innovators: code developer. The flourishment of the digital era made code developers at the very centre of our global economy. We study this coupled system as
a representative example of the interaction between innovators and the economy. Indeed, a significant, non-trivial interaction is found among the two worlds.
More in general, in this thesis we highlight the relevance of innovators in shaping human collective responses. Our results reveal that innovators play a major role both individually and collectively at different scales. We provide measures of these effects (i) by looking at how innovator communities construct the attractiveness of a city and (ii) by studying how individual contributions in the innovation domain can dramatically affect financial behaviour also at short time scales. Our result expands the evidence of the need for a new research dimension, where human behaviour is studied as a complex system moving over an intricate network of intertwined interactions.
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Thurman, David A. "Improving operator effectiveness in monitoring complex systems : a methodology for the design of interactive monitoring and control interfaces." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25086.
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Kandia, Effrosyni <1979>. "Evaluation of Human Exposure to Magnetic Fields Generated by Electric Power Systems in Complex Configurations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6101/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The international growing concern for the human exposure to magnetic fields generated by electric power lines has unavoidably led to imposing legal limits. Respecting these limits, implies being able to calculate easily and accurately the generated magnetic field also in complex configurations. Twisting of phase conductors is such a case. The consolidated exact and approximated theory regarding a single-circuit twisted three-phase power cable line has been reported along with the proposal of an innovative simplified formula obtained by means of an heuristic procedure. This formula, although being dramatically simpler, is proven to be a good approximation of the analytical formula and at the same time much more accurate than the approximated formula found in literature. The double-circuit twisted three-phase power cable line case has been studied following different approaches of increasing complexity and accuracy. In this framework, the effectiveness of the above-mentioned innovative formula is also examined. The experimental verification of the correctness of the twisted double-circuit theoretical analysis has permitted its extension to multiple-circuit twisted three-phase power cable lines. In addition, appropriate 2D and, in particularly, 3D numerical codes for simulating real existing overhead power lines for the calculation of the magnetic field in their vicinity have been created. Finally, an innovative ‘smart’ measurement and evaluation system of the magnetic field is being proposed, described and validated, which deals with the experimentally-based evaluation of the total magnetic field B generated by multiple sources in complex three-dimensional arrangements, carried out on the basis of the measurement of the three Cartesian field components and their correlation with the field currents via multilinear regression techniques. The ultimate goal is verifying that magnetic induction intensity is within the prescribed limits.
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Van, der Westhuizen Amanda. "Co-mapping the maze: a complex systems view of human trafficking in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Researchers have described human trafficking as a complex, multi-layered crime. South Africa, including the Eastern Cape Province, is a source, transit, and destination country for trafficked people. However, a dearth of research on human trafficking exists in the province. Furthermore, traditional, modernist research using reductionist methods to investigate complex phenomena has proven unable to capture the complex interrelationships between the myriad of interrelated elements inherent in complex phenomena. In this qualitative study, I explore and describe the human trafficking system in the Eastern Cape via participants’ perspectives through a complex systems approach that consists of two complementary theories, namely Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development and complexity theory. The participants, who were knowledgeable about human trafficking in the province, were obtained through purposive and snowball sampling. Data collection took place through open-ended interviews with individual participants. I analysed the data according to Miles and Huberman’s data analysis process and Braun and Clarke’s thematic data analysis process. The findings demonstrate that the complex systems approach successfully facilitated the mapping and conceptualisation of an in-depth, multi-level picture of the complex interrelationships within and between multiple system components in the human trafficking system and its environment in relation to the Eastern Cape Province. Participants’ perspectives revealed two main themes, namely, the prominence of the nonlinear interactions between traffickers and trafficked persons in the holistic human trafficking system and the major obstacle regarding the lack of witness credibility for human trafficking prosecutions to be successful. Utilising complex systems theory to conduct further human trafficking research could assist counter-trafficking stakeholders with an alternative approach to generating effective planning and executing counter human trafficking strategies in a rapidly changing and increasing complex interconnected world.
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Alderisio, Francesco. "Coordination and leadership in complex multi-agent systems : analysis, control and application to human ensembles." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752718.
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Nash, Beverly Elaine. "The effects of training information, problem type, and problem structure on performance in a complex automated system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29874.
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Maier, Benjamin F. "Spreading Processes in Human Systems." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Menschliche Systeme werden seit einiger Zeit modelliert und analysiert auf der Basis der Theorie komplexer Netzwerke. Dies erlaubt es quantitativ zu untersuchen, welche strukturellen und zeitlichen Merkmale eines Systems Ausbreitungsprozesse beeinflussen, z.B. von Informationen oder von Infektionskrankheiten.
Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird untersucht, wie eine modular-hierarchische Struktur von statischen Netzwerken eine schnelle Verbreitung von Signalen ermöglicht. Es werden neue Heuristiken entwickelt um die Random-Walk-Observablen “First Passage Time” und “Cover Time” auf lokal geclusterten Netzwerken zu ermitteln. Vergleiche mit der Approximation eines gemittelten Mediums zeigen, dass das Auftreten der beobachteten Minima der Observablen ein reiner Netzwerkeffekt ist. Es wird weiterhin dargelegt, dass nicht alle modular-hierarchischen Netzwerkmodelle dieses Phänomen aufweisen.
Im zweiten Teil werden zeitlich veränderliche face-to-face Kontaktnetzwerke auf ihre Anfälligkeit für Infektionskrankheiten untersucht. Mehrere Studien belegen, dass Menschen vornehmlich Zeit in Isolation oder kleinen, stark verbundenen Gruppen verbringen, und dass ihre Kontaktaktivität einem zirkadianen Rhythmus folgt. Inwieweit diese beiden Merkmale die Ausbreitung von Krankheiten beeinflussen, ist noch unklar. Basierend auf einem neuen Modell wird erstmals gezeigt, dass zirkadian variierende Netzwerke Trajektorien folgen in einem Zustandsraum mit einer strukturellen und einer zeitlichen Dimension. Weiterhin wird dargelegt, dass mit zunehmender Annäherung der zeitlichen Dimension von System und Krankheit die systemische Infektionsanfälligkeit sinkt. Dies steht in direktem Widerspruch zu Ergebnissen anderer Studien, die eine zunehmende Anfälligkeit vorhersagen, eine Diskrepanz, die auf die Ungültigkeit einer weit verbreiteten Approximation zurückzuführen ist. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse implizieren, dass auf dem Gebiet die Entwicklung neuer theoretischer Methoden notwendig ist.Human systems have been modeled and analyzed on the basis of complex networks theory in recent time. This abstraction allows for thorough quantitative analyses to investigate which structural and temporal features of a system influence the evolution of spreading processes, such as the passage of information or of infectious diseases. The first part of this work investigates how the ubiquitous modular hierarchical structure of static real-world networks allows for fast delivery of messages. New heuristics are developed to evaluate random walk mean first passage times and cover times on locally clustered networks. A comparison to average medium approximations shows that the emergence of these minima are pure network phenomena. It is further found that not all modular hierarchical network models provide optimal message delivery structure. In the second part, temporally varying face-to-face contact networks are investigated for their susceptibility to infection. Several studies have shown that people tend to spend time in small, densely-connected groups or in isolation, and that their connection behavior follows a circadian rhythm. To what extent both of these features influence the spread of diseases is as yet unclear. Therefore, a new temporal network model is devised here. Based on this model, circadially varying networks can for the first time be interpreted as following trajectories through a newly defined systemic state space. It is further revealed that in many temporally varying networks the system becomes less susceptible to infection when the time-scale of the disease approaches the time-scale of the network variation. This is in direct conflict with findings of other studies that predict increasing susceptibility of temporal networks, a discrepancy which is attributed to the invalidity of a widely applied approximation. The results presented here imply that new theoretical advances are necessary to study the spread of diseases in temporally varying networks.
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Foster, Carol Lynn. "Algorithms, abstraction and implementation : a massively multilevel theory of strong equivalence of complex systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis puts forward a formal theory of levels and algorithms to provide a foundation for those terms as they are used in much of cognitive science and computer science. Abstraction with respect to concreteness is distinguished from abstraction with respect to detail, resulting in three levels of concreteness and a large number of algorithmic levels, which are levels of detail and the primary focus of the theory. An algorithm or ideal machine is a set of sequences of states defining a particular level of detail. Rather than one fundamental ideal machine to describe the behaviour of a complex system, there are many possible ideal machines, extending Turing's approach to reflect the multiplicity of system descriptions required to express more than weak input-output equivalence of systems. Cognitive science is concerned with stronger equivalence; e.g., do two models go through the same states at some level of description? The state-based definition of algorithms serves as a basis for such strong equivalence and facilitates formal renditions of abstraction and implementation as relations between algorithms. It is possible to prove within the new framework whether or not one given algorithm is a valid implementation of another, or whether two unequal algorithms have a common abstraction, for example. Some implications of the theory are discussed, notably a characterisation of connectionist versus classical models.
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Muljono, Darwin. "The Relevance of Emergence in Human-centered Design." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468927430.
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Manganelli, Joseph Charles. "Designing complex, interactive, architectural systems with CIAS-DM| A model-based, human-centered, design & analysis methodology." Thesis, Clemson University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3609779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The built environment increasingly contributes to improving human health, well-being, and performance in measurable, predictable, and tailorable ways. Achieving high-performance environmental systems requires real-time-interactive sensing, monitoring, actuation, and communication subsystems, as well as real-time interactions of these environmental systems with their users and other internal and external systems. Developing theories, constructs, methods, and tools necessary for designing such high-performance, complex, interactive systems is an active area of research.
This dissertation focused on methods and tools for representing the cognitive and physical affordances of complex, interactive, architectural systems (CIAS). The Complex, Interactive, Architectural Systems Design Methodology (CIAS-DM) was proposed as a method and tool for helping designers uncover and document the scope of proposed CIAS. CIAS-DM was evaluated qualitatively. This project used the design of a `smart' mattress in a patient room `smart' bed/mattress/over-the-bed table ecosystem as the basis for a series of design cases. Fourteen clinicians participated as subject matter experts. Four research associates participated as raters. The results of evaluating CIAS-DM indicate that CIAS-DM is useful for scoping CIAS design challenges. The contributions of this dissertation are: 1) identifying and characterizing CIAS; 2) introducing the systems modeling language (SysML) and a cognitive work analysis (CWA) representational and analytic methods into architecture; 2) mapping constructs and methods from CWA into SysML; and 3) providing these methods and tools in an integrated package appropriate for those designing CIAS.
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Deng, Weibing. "On the ranking property and underlying dynamics of complex systems." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1010/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Des procédures de classement sont largement utilisées pour décrire les phénomènes observés dans de nombreux domaines des sciences sociales et naturelles, par exemple la sociologie, l’économie, la linguistique, la démographie, la physique, la biologie, etc.Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à l’étude des propriétés de classement et des dynamiques sous-jacentes intégrées dans les systèmes complexes. En particulier,nous nous sommes concentrés sur les classements par score ou par prix dans les systèmes sportifs et les classements d’utilisation des mots ou caractères dans les langues humaines. Le but est de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces questions en utilisant les méthodes de la physique statistique, de la statistique bayésienne et de la modélisation multi-agents. Les résultats concrets concernent les aspects suivants.Nous avons tout d’abord traité une étude sur les classements par score/prix dans les systèmes sportifs et analysé 40 échantillons de données dans 12 disciplines sportives différentes. Nous avons trouvé des similitudes frappantes dans différents sports, à savoir le fait que la répartition des résultats/prix suit les lois puissance universelles.Nous avons également montré que le principe de Pareto est largement respecté dans de nombreux systèmes sociaux: ainsi 20% des joueurs accumulent 80% des scores et de l’argent. Les données concernant les matchs de tennis en individuels nous ont révélé que lorsque deux joueurs s’affrontent, la probabilité que le joueur de rang supérieur gagne est liée à la différence de rang des deux adversaires. Afin de comprendre les origines de la mise à l’échelle universelle, nous avons proposé un modèle multi-agents,qui peut simuler les matchs de joueurs à travers différentes compétitions. Les résultats de nos simulations sont cohérents avec les résultats empiriques. L’extension du domaine d’étude de la simulation indique que le modèle est assez robuste par rapport aux modifications de certains paramètres. La loi de Zipf est le comportement le plus régulièrement observé dans la linguistique statistique. Elle a dès lors servi de prototype pour les relations entre rang d’apparitions et fréquence d’apparitions (relations rang-fréquence dans la suite du texte) et les lois d’échelle dans les sciences naturelles. Nous avons étudié plusieurs textes, précisé le domaine de validité de la loi de Zipf, et trouvé que la plage de validité augmente lors du mélange de différents textes. Basé sur l’analyse sémantique latente, nous avons proposé un modèle probabiliste, dans lequel nous avons supposé que les mots sont ajoutés au texte avec des probabilités aléatoires, tandis que leur densité a priori est liée, via la statistique bayésienne, aux caractéristiques générales du lexique mental de l’auteur de ce même texte. Notre modèle explique la loi de Zipf ainsi que ses limites de validité, et la généralise aux hautes et basses fréquences et au hapax legomena.Dans une autre étude, nous avons précisé les relations rang-fréquence pour les caractères chinois. Nous avons choisi d’étudier des textes courts en premier, car pour le bien de l’analyse rang fréquence, les longs textes ne sont que des mélanges de textes plus courts, thématiquement homogènes. Nos résultats ont montré que la loi de Zipf appliqués aux caractères chinois tient parfaitement pour des textes assez courts (quelques milliers de caractères différents). Le même domaine de validité est observé pour les textes courts anglais. Nous avons soutenu que les longs textes chinois montrent une structure hiérarchique à deux couches: des caractères dont la fréquence d’apparition suit une loi puissance (première couche) et des caractères dont l’apparition suit une loi exponentielle (deuxième couche)Ranking procedures are widely used to describe the phenomena in many differentfields of social and natural sciences, e.g., sociology, economics, linguistics, demography,physics, biology, etc. In this dissertation, we dedicated to study the ranking propertiesand underlying dynamics embedded in complex systems. In particular, we focused onthe scores/prizes ranking in sports systems and the words/characters usage ranking inhuman languages. The aim is to understand the mechanisms behind these issues byusing the methods of statistical physics, Bayesian statistics and agent-based modeling.The concrete results concern the following aspects.We took up an interesting topic on the scores/prizes ranking in sports systems, andanalyzed 40 data samples in 12 different sports fields. We found the striking similaritiesin different sports, i.e., the distributions of scores/prizes follow the universal powerlaws. We also showed that the data yielded the Pareto principle extensively observedin many social systems: 20% of the players accumulate 80% of the scores and money.For the tennis head-to-head data, we revealed that when two players compete, theprobability that the higher-ranked player will win is related to the rank difference ofthe two opponents. In order to understand the origins of the universal scaling, weproposed an agent-based model, which can simulate the competitions of players indifferent matches, and results from our simulations are consistent with the empiricalfindings. Extensive simulation studies indicate that the model is quite robust withrespect to the modifications of some parameters.Zipf’s law is the major regularity of statistical linguistics that served as a prototypefor the rank-frequency relations and scaling laws in natural sciences. We investigatedseveral English texts, clarified the valid range of Zipf’s law, and found this valid rangeincreases upon mixing different texts. Based on the latent semantic analysis, we proposeda probabilistic model, in which we assumed that the words are drawn into thetext with random probabilities, while their apriori density relates, via Bayesian statistics,to the general features of mental lexicon of the author who produced the text. Ourmodel explained the Zipf’s law together with the limits of its validity, its generalizationto high and low frequencies and hapax legomena. In another work, we specified the rank-frequency relations for Chinese characters. We chose to study the short texts first, since for the sake of the rank-frequency analysis,long texts are just mixtures of shorter, thematically homogenous pieces. Our resultsshowed that the Zipf’s law for Chinese characters perfectly holds for sufficiently shorttexts (few thousand different characters), and the scenario of its validity is similar tothat for short English texts. We argued long Chinese texts display a two-layer, hierarchicstructure: power-law rank-frequency characters (first layer) and the exponentialones (second layer). The previous results on the invalidity of the Zipf’s law for longtexts are accounted for by showing that in between of the Zipfian range and the regionof very rare characters (hapax legomena) there emerges a range of ranks, wherethe rank-frequency relation is approximately exponential. From comparative analysisof rank-frequency relations for Chinese and English, we suggested the characters playfor Chinese writers the same role as the words for those writing within alphabeticalsystems
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Beach, Joni Leigh. "A Grounded Theory Study of Systems Theory and Clothing and Textiles Theories for the Development of a Dynamic, Complex Human Systems Theory." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metatheory, a study of theories, was the focus of this research study. A qualitative, grounded theory research design was used to examine documents on systems theory found outside the field of Clothing and Textiles (CT) and the social psychological theories used within CT. Recognizing the dynamic, complex nature of the human system and its interaction with multiple other systems led to the question of: What multidimensional theoretical framework would address this complexity and provide an expanded view for research and education in the field of CT?
Data were collected from documentary materials pertaining to systems theory and CT theories by the researcher in a library search of the literature. Four domains were identified from the data that were collected and analyzed. The domains were Relationship, Process, Organization, and Outcomes. Then, a holistic, systemic theoretical framework and the Human-Environment Systems model were developed from the integration of systems theory and the CT theories. The model was designed to give a general, abstract visual representation of the theoretical concepts of a holistic, systemic view of the human-environment unit. A discussion of the complex societal issue of body image and eating disorders in females served to illustrate the use of the proposed theoretical framework and model. Recommendations were made for future exploration of the use of a holistic perspective for research and educational practices in the field of CT in order to address dynamic, complex human-environment problems.Ph. D.
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Grenier, Yannick. "In vitro systems for the study of major histocompatibility complex antigens on the surface of adult human astrocytes." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61787.
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López, de Rioja Víctor. "Population range expansions, with mathematical applications to interacting systems and ancient human genetics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis studies from an analytical and computational perspective, and by using reaction-diffusion equations, the spatiotemporal evolution of different populations.
First, the dynamics of the T7 bacteriophage infecting the E. coli bacteria is studied. By adding the delayed time in diffusion and reaction terms, as well as new mathematical terms biologically sound, we can achieve results that accurately match the experimental propagation speeds.
Secondly, different mathematical models are proposed to correctly understand the expansion of VSV in Glioblastoma. The only model capable of this explanation is the system which understands the delay time for the processes of diffusion and reaction.
Finally, the Neolithic transition through Europe is explained by studying ancient genetic DNA samples alongside mathematical simulations. Focusing on haplogroup K, the model is built by analyzing the two Neolithic diffusion mechanisms: demic and cultural. The simulations show that the transition is basically demic, with only 2% of the Neolithic farmers interacting culturallyAquesta tesi estudia des d’un punt de analític i computacional, gràcies a les equacions de reacció-difusió, l’evolució espaciotemporal de diferents poblacions que interactuen entre elles. El primer article estudia la dinàmica del bacteriòfag T7 infectant el bacteri E. coli. Gràcies a la incorporació del temps de retard en els termes de difusió i reacció, així com de nous termes matemàtics amb sentit biològic, aconseguim uns resultats que s’ajusten millor a les velocitats de propagació. El segon article aplica diferents models matemàtics per entendre millor l’expansió del VSV en Glioblastomes. L'únic model capaç d'explicar de manera correcte el sistema té en compte el temps de retard per als processos de difusió i reacció. L’últim article explica la transició del Neolític a través d’Europa utilitzant mostres genètiques antigues i simulacions matemàtiques. Centrant-nos en l’haplogrup K, el model es construeix tenint en compte els dos mecanismes de difusió neolítica: dèmica i cultural. Les simulacions mostren que la transició és bàsicament dèmica, on només el 2% dels neolítics interaccionen culturalment
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Alfredson, Jens. "Differences in Situational Awareness and How to Manage Them in Development of Complex Systems." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10205.
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Tierney, Lauren. "An Agent-Based Model of Wildlife Migratory Patterns in Human-Disturbed Landscapes." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, human decision-making has led to significant landscape impacts in the western United States. Specifically, migratory wildlife populations have increasingly been impacted by rural urban development and energy resource development. This research presents the application of agent-based modeling to explore how such impacts influence the characteristics of migratory animal movement, focusing on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Western Wyoming. This study utilizes complex adaptive systems and agent-based modeling frameworks to increase understanding of migratory patterns in a changing landscape and explores thresholds of interference to migration patterns due to increased habitat degradation and fragmentation. The agent-based model utilizes GPS-collar data to examine how individual processes lead to population-level patterns of movement and adaptation. The assessment incorporates elements from both human and natural systems to explore potential future scenarios for human development in the natural landscape and incorporates adaptive behaviors, as well as animal-movement ecology, in changing landscapes.
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Martinez, MaryAnn. "Human Centeredness: The Foundation for Leadership-as-Practice in Complex Local/Regional Food Networks." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1624179376157514.
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Ilhan, Sibel [Verfasser]. "Novel strategies for automated engineering of enzymatic systems: structural and functional insights to human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex / Sibel Ilhan." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227991134/34.
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Reagan, Andrew James. "Towards a science of human stories: using sentiment analysis and emotional arcs to understand the building blocks of complex social systems." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We can leverage data and complex systems science to better understand society and human nature on a population scale through language --- utilizing tools that include sentiment analysis, machine learning, and data visualization.
Data-driven science and the sociotechnical systems that we use every day are enabling a transformation from hypothesis-driven, reductionist methodology to complex systems sciences.
Namely, the emergence and global adoption of social media has rendered possible the real-time estimation of population-scale sentiment, with profound implications for our understanding of human behavior.
Advances in computing power, natural language processing, and digitization of text now make it possible to study a culture's evolution through its texts using a "big data" lens.
Given the growing assortment of sentiment measuring instruments, it is imperative to understand which aspects of sentiment dictionaries contribute to both their classification accuracy and their ability to provide richer understanding of texts.
Here, we perform detailed, quantitative tests and qualitative assessments of 6 dictionary-based methods applied to 4 different corpora, and briefly examine a further 20 methods.
We show that while inappropriate for sentences, dictionary-based methods are generally robust in their classification accuracy for longer texts.
Most importantly they can aid understanding of texts with reliable and meaningful word shift graphs if (1) the dictionary covers a sufficiently large enough portion of a given text's lexicon when weighted by word usage frequency; and (2) words are scored on a continuous scale.
Our ability to communicate relies in part upon a shared emotional experience, with stories often following distinct emotional trajectories, forming patterns that are meaningful to us.
By classifying the emotional arcs for a filtered subset of 4,803 stories from Project Gutenberg's fiction collection, we find a set of six core trajectories which form the building blocks of complex narratives.
We strengthen our findings by separately applying optimization, linear decomposition, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning.
For each of these six core emotional arcs, we examine the closest characteristic stories in publication today and find that particular emotional arcs enjoy greater success, as measured by downloads.
Within stories lie the core values of social behavior, rich with both strategies and proper protocol, which we can begin to study more broadly and systematically as a true reflection of culture.
Of profound scientific interest will be the degree to which we can eventually understand the full landscape of human stories, and data driven approaches will play a crucial role.
Finally, we utilize web-scale data from Twitter to study the limits of what social data can tell us about public health, mental illness, discourse around the protest movement of #BlackLivesMatter, discourse around climate change, and hidden networks.
We conclude with a review of published works in complex systems that separately analyze charitable donations, the happiness of words in 10 languages, 100 years of daily temperature data across the United States, and Australian Rules Football games.
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Fern, Lisa C. "A Cognitive Systems Engineering Approach to Developing Human Machine Interface Requirements for New Technologies." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461248106.
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Jernigan, Mark (J Mark) 1957. "Adding elements of innate human behavior to improve system performance and safety in the design of complex systems with corollaries to improve team performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91736.
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Scholz, Tobias M. [Verfasser]. "Big Data in Organizations and the Role of Human Resource Management : A Complex Systems Theory-Based Conceptualization / Tobias M. Scholz." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144802504/34.
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Andersson, Jonatan. "Assessment and Improvement of Initial Learnability in Complex Systems : A Qualitative Study to Promote Intuitive Software Development." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This Master’s Thesis aimed to assess and propose improvements for initial learnability in Sectra AB’s Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) by integrating usability engineering and agile software development. Assessing initial learnability and re-designing complex systems is difficult as they have a high skill cap and take longer time to learn in comparison to simpler ones. Further, companies that use agile methodologies often focus on completing small items which might hide the overarching vision of a product that can lead to usability problems. While there are several methods for assessing usability, no research has specifically focused on assessing initial learnability in complex systems. This study however investigates how this may be achieved by combining current methodologies for measuring learnability with usability engineering and agile software development. Initial learnability issues and needs were assessed after evaluating Sectra PACS using 5 participants and analysed using impact mapping as well as conducting a focus group within the organisation that owns the product.
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Jia, Tao. "Geospatial Knowledge Discovery using Volunteered Geographic Information : a Complex System Perspective." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The continuous progression of urbanization has resulted in an increasing number of people living in cities or towns. In parallel, advancements in technologies, such as the Internet, telecommunications, and transportation, have allowed for better connectivity among people. This has engendered drastic changes in urban systems during the recent decades. From a social geographic perspective, the changes in urban systems are primarily characterized by intensive contacts among people and their interactions with the surrounding urban environment, which further leads to subsequent challenging problems such as traffic jams, environmental pollution, urban sprawl, etc. These problems have been reported to be heterogeneous and non-deterministic. Hence, to cope with them, massive amounts of geographic data are required to create new knowledge on urban systems. Due to the thriving of Volunteer Geographic Information (VGI) in recent years, this thesis presents knowledge on urban systems based on extensive VGI datasets from three sources: highway dataset from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project, photo location dataset from the Flickr website, and GPS tracking datasets from volunteers, taxicabs, and air flights. The knowledge primarily relates to two issues of urban systems: the urban space and the corresponding human dynamics. In accordance, on one hand, urban space acts as a carrier for associated geographic activities and knowledge of it benefits our understanding of current social and economic problems in urban systems. On the other hand, human dynamics reflect human behavior in urban space, which leads to complex mobility or activity patterns. Its investigation allows a derivation of the underlying driving force that is very instructive to urban planning, traffic management, and infectious disease control. Therefore, to fully understand the two issues, this thesis conducts a thorough investigation from multiple aspects. The first issue is investigated from four aspects. First, at the city level, the controversial topic of city size regularity is investigated in terms of natural cities, and the conclusion is that Zipf’s law holds stably for all US cities. Second, at the sub-city level, the size distribution of spatial units within different cities in terms of the clusters formed by street nodes, photo locations, and taxi static points are explored, and the result shows a remarkable scaling property of these spatial units. Third, enlightened by the scaling property of the urban space at the city or sub-city level, this thesis devises a novel tool that can demarcate the cities into three categories: compact cities, normal cities, and sprawling cities. The tool is then applied to cities in both the US and three European countries. In the last, another representation of urban space is taken into account, namely the transportation network. The findings report that the US airport network displays the properties of scale-free, small-world, and disassortative mixing and that the individual natural airports show heterogeneous patterns that are probably subject to geographic constraints and socioeconomic factors. The second issue is examined from four perspectives. First, at the city level, the movement flow contributed by agents using two types of behavior is investigated through an agent-based simulation, and the result conjectures that the human mobility behavior is mainly shaped by the underlying street network. Second, at the country level, this thesis reports that the human travel length by air can be approximated well by an exponential distribution, and subsequent simulations indicate that human mobility behavior is largely constrained by the underlying airport network. Third, at the regional level, the length that humans travel by car is demonstrated to agree well with a power law with exponential cutoff distribution, and subsequent simulation further reproduces this levy flight characteristic. Based on the simulation, human mobility behavior is again revealed to be primarily shaped by the underlying hierarchical spatial structure. Finally, taxicab static points are adopted to explore human activity patterns, which can be characterized as the regularities in space and time, the heterogeneity and predictability in space. From a complex system perspective, this thesis presents the knowledge discovered in urban systems using massive volumes of geographic data. Together with new knowledge from empirical findings, the development of methods, and the design of theoretic models, this thesis also shares the research community with geographic data generated from extensive VGI datasets and the corresponding source codes. Moreover, this study is aligned with a paradigm shift in that it analyzes large-size datasets using high processing power as opposed to analyzing small-size datasets with low processing power.QC 20121113
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Nagaraja, Adarsh. "Feature pruning for action recognition in complex environment." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4992.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A significant number of action recognition research efforts use spatio-temporal interest point detectors for feature extraction. Although the extracted features provide useful information for recognizing actions, a significant number of them contain irrelevant motion and background clutter. In many cases, the extracted features are included as is in the classification pipeline, and sophisticated noise removal techniques are subsequently used to alleviate their effect on classification. We introduce a new action database, created from the Weizmann database, that reveals a significant weakness in systems based on popular cuboid descriptors. Experiments show that introducing complex backgrounds, stationary or dynamic, into the video causes a significant degradation in recognition performance. Moreover, this degradation cannot be fixed by fine-tuning the system or selecting better interest points. Instead, we show that the problem lies at the descriptor level and must be addressed by modifying descriptors.ID: 030423225; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-41).
M.S.
Masters
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
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BURMAN, LINDA, and NADIA DADOUN. "Managing Dependencies and Uncertainties in Multi-Project Organizations Using Management Control Systems : A Case Study at Saab Combat Systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detta Examensarbete utfördes som en fallstudie Saab Combat Systems, som är och undersöker utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter som uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Dessa utmaningar verkar orsaka konflikter och tvetydigheter i Multiprojekt-Organisationer gällande exempelvis, kommunikation, resursallokering, produktutveckling samt maktstrukturer mellan olika roller (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Detta Examensarbete behandlar dessa utmaningar genom att undersöka och besvara följande forskningsfrågor: Vilka utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter existerar på Saab Combat Systems? Hur kan dessa utmaningar hanteras? Våra resultat visar att tre olika typer av beroenden uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer som utvecklar komplexa produkter och system; organisatoriska beroenden, tekniska beroenden och resursberoenden. Dessa tre beroenden verkar påverka varandra och resultera i osäkerheter när flera projekt hanteras samtidigt. Dessutom ökar nivån av osäkerhet i projekt på grund av osäkerheter i relation till maktstrukturer samt utveckling av komplexa produkter och system. De tre identifierade beroende inkluderar projektosäkerheter samt projektberoenden. Vi har valt ut tre stycken olika typer av Management Control Systems; Projektkontor, Projektportföljhantering samt Programhantering och drar slutsatsen att de kan användas för att hantera de tre identifierade beroendena Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Vi har dock upptäckt att dessa Management Control Systems har både fördelar och nackdelar gällande hantering av de tre olika typer av beroenden. Alla identifierade beroenden och osäkerheter kan följaktligen hanteras genom att kombinera olika Management Control Systems. Dessutom har vi kompletterat en redan utvecklad modell av Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) genom att kartlägga de tre beroendena, som tar hänsyn till projektosäkerheter och projektberoenden, samt vilken typ av Management Control Systems som är mest lämplig för att hantera dessa beroenden.This Master Thesis was conducted as a case study at Saab Combat Systems investigating challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties that emerge in Multi-Project Organizations. These challenges seem to cause conflicts and ambiguity in Multi-Project Organizations regarding for instance; communication, human resources allocation, product development and power structures between different roles (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Thereby, this Master Thesis addresses these challenges by investigating and answering the following research questions: What challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties exist at Saab Combat Systems? How can these challenges be addressed? Our Results display that three different types of dependencies exists in Multi-Project Organizations developing Complex Products and Systems; organizational dependencies, technical dependencies and resources dependencies. These three dependencies seem to be connected, and therefore result in uncertainties when managing multiple projects. Additionally, uncertainties in relation to the power structure as well as development of Complex Products and Systems tend to increase the level of project uncertainty. The three identified dependencies include both project uncertainties and project dependencies. We have chosen three different Management Control Systems; Project Management Office, Project Portfolio Management and Programme Management and conclude that they can be utilized in order to address the three identified dependencies in Multi-Project Organizations. However, we have found that these Management Control Systems have benefits as well as shortcomings when addressing different types of dependencies. Consequently, by combining them, all of the identified dependencies and uncertainties can be addressed. Furthermore, we have complemented an already developed model by Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) by mapping the three identified dependencies, which consider project uncertainties and project dependencies, as well as which Management Control System is most appropriate when addressing these three dependencies.