Статті в журналах: "Complex antioxidant"

1

Yang, Hui, Li Li, Fu Xin Yang, Ying Yue Zhou, Li Juan Ou, and Shuai Feng Hu. "Preparation and Properties of Complex Antioxidants LDPE Antioxidant Film." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.519.

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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) films contains BHA, BHT or BHA, BHT, TA were successfully produced by extrusion. Three types of antioxidant films that were L(LDPE), LBB(LDPE+0.5%BHA+0.5%BHT), and LBBT(LDPE+0.5%BHA+0.5%BHT+0.5%TA) was designed. The Mechanics, moisture permeability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and antioxidant activity of the film were detected. The results showed that antioxidant consisting of BHA, BHT and TA has a better compatibility with LDPE film. The antioxidant film has a better performance on mechanical strength and the rate of DPPH radical scavenging ability, but poor to water vapor transmission rate.

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Azizah, Rafida, Tintrim Rahayu, Ari Hayati, and Gatra Ervi Jayanti. "Scavenging activity nano complex compounds of kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) leaves and seeds." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 26, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.26.1.20205.

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Moringa oleifera Lamk. is a good source of natural antioxidants because it contains various types of antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics, and carotenoids. Those antioxidant components forming complex structure have transitional metal as central compound, which have free radical scavenging activity. This study aims to determine the active compounds that act as scavenger in leaves and seeds of M. oleifera. The possible compound found in leaves-seeds is elaborated by in silico analysis, using Dr. Dukes Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, by mean Pass online, and HitPick software. The results of in silico analysis 3 compounds identified in the leaves that had a high antioxidant role, namely beta-carotene, kaempferol, quercetin, and 2 compounds in seeds that had a high antioxidant role, namely alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene. The results of this study indicate that the antioxidant activity of the 3 treatments had differences effectiveness of antioxidants. All of these antioxidants has ability to bind transitional metal to form free radical scavenger.

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Decker, Eric, and Ipek Bayram. "Why does lipid oxidation in foods continue to be such a challenge?" INFORM International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials 32, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/inform.05.2021.18.

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Lipid reactions are extremely complex because they involve numerous prooxidants, antioxidants, and lipid substrates whose reactivity is impacted by the physical properties of complex food systems. Understanding the interactions between the factors impacting lipid oxidation reactions is key to developing novel antioxidant strategies. Synergistic antioxidant combinations represent a promising approach to decreasing oxidative rancidity if how and where they work can be better understood.

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Ushakova, Nina A., Efim S. Brodsky, Olga V. Tikhonova, Alexander E. Dontsov, Maria V. Marsova, Andrey A. Shelepchikov, and Alexander I. Bastrakov. "Novel Extract from Beetle Ulomoides dermestoides: A Study of Composition and Antioxidant Activity." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071055.

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A biologically active extract from the darkling beetle Ulomoides dermestoides was obtained using the electro-pulse plasma dynamic extraction method. The beetle water extract contained a complex of antioxidant substances such as antioxidant enzymes and nonprotein antioxidants, as well as a complex of heat shock antistress proteins. This determines the rather high antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of the beetle, i.e., 1 mg of dry matter/mL of the extract has an equivalent antioxidant activity to 0.2 mM Trolox (a water-soluble analog of vitamin E). It was shown that the beetle extract can lead to a 25–30% increase in the average lifespan of nematode Caenorhabditiselegans, under normal conditions, and a 12–17% increase under conditions of oxidative stress (with paraquat), and significantly inhibits the fructosylation reaction of serum albumin. Therefore, the beetle aqueous extract shows promise as a biologically active complex exhibiting antioxidant activity.

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Viktorova, Jitka, Milena Stranska-Zachariasova, Marie Fenclova, Libor Vitek, Jana Hajslova, Vladimir Kren, and Tomas Ruml. "Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements." Antioxidants 8, no. 8 (August 18, 2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080317.

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Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. The responses in CAA were considerably lower than in other assays. Silymarin exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the artificially prepared flavonoid/flavonolignans mixture in all tests, indicating possible presence of other antioxidants of natural origin. The follow-up U-HPLC-HRMS/MS screening revealed the presence of tens of non-silymarin compounds with reported antioxidant activity (not only in the silymarin extract, but also in the milk thistle preparations). The sum of the total phenolics and the sum of the simple phenolics correlated with CAA results more than silymarin.

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Nagamine, I., H. Sakurai, H. T T Nguyen, M. Miyahara, J. Parkányiová, Z. Réblová, and J. Pokorný. "Antioxidant activity of acerola extracts." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S155—S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10645-cjfs.

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West Indian cherries or acerola fruits (Malpighia glabra L.) are very rich in ascorbic acid, and also contain flavonoids and anthocyanins. Therefore, their antioxidant activity is interesting. Aqueous and methanolic acerola extracts increased the stability of β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsions against oxidation. Flavonoids and anthocyanins obviously enhanced the effect of ascorbic acid. The effect of natural acerola antioxidants was comparable to that of phenolic antioxidants, such as ferulic acid. During the determination of antioxidant activity in emulsions, carotene was destroyed following a complex kinetics in the beginning of oxidation, but the zeroth order kinetics in later stages of oxidation.

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7

Bazhenova, Bayana, Anastasia Burkhanova, Yuliya Zabalueva, and Roman Dobretsky. "Immobilization of Daurian Rosehip Antioxidants by Protein-Lipid Inclusion." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-2-301-311.

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Introduction. Antioxidant system is one of the main cellular mechanisms of adaptation. It is able to neutralize the destructive effect of free radicals, both external and internal. Functional products, especially of meat origin, can provide necessary antioxidant properties. Some types of plant raw materials possess a high content of polyphenol complexes with antioxidant properties. Therefore, introduction of phytonutrients into the composition of meat products can help to expand the range of foods with an antioxidant effect. Daurian rosehip is rich in biologically active substances and can increase their safety during processing. The research objective was to study the possibility of immobilization of Daurian rosehip antioxidants by protein-lipid inclusion. Study objects and methods. The research featured fruits of Daurian rosehip, its aqueous alcoholic extract, and protein-lipid complex. Results and discussion. The article presents experimental data on the chemical composition of Daurian rosehip. The optimal method with the best antioxidant results was a microwave phytoextraction by an aqueous alcoholic solution at a power of 800 W for 6–7 min. The antioxidants were immobilized by including the protein-lipid complex into the gel. The experiment demonstrated excellent functional and technological characteristics of the resulting system. Conclusion. The research revealed the optimal modes of microwave extraction of biologically active substances of Daurian rosehip. The rosehip extract was included into the protein-lipid complex and immobilized antioxidants, thus increasing their efficiency.

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Apak, Reşat, Shela Gorinstein, Volker Böhm, Karen M. Schaich, Mustafa Özyürek, and Kubilay Güçlü. "Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/activity (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 5 (February 26, 2013): 957–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-12-07-15.

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The chemical diversity of natural antioxidants (AOXs) makes it difficult to separate, detect, and quantify individual antioxidants from a complex food/biological matrix. Moreover, the total antioxidant power is often more meaningful to evaluate health beneficial effects because of the cooperative action of individual antioxidant species. Currently, there is no single antioxidant assay for food labeling because of the lack of standard quantification methods. Antioxidant assays may be broadly classified as the electron transfer (ET)- and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based assays. The results obtained are hardly comparable because of the different mechanisms, redox potentials, pH and solvent dependencies, etc. of various assays. This project will aid the identification and quantification of properties and mutual effects of antioxidants, bring a more rational basis to the classification of antioxidant assays with their constraints and challenges, and make the results more comparable and understandable. In this regard, the task group members convey their own experiences in various methods of antioxidants measurement.

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Raksha, N., Ju Sokolovskaya, E. Manzhaliy, D. Dobryanskiy, and O. Savchuk. "Estimation of antioxidant properties of experimental poly-component complexes." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 82, no. 3 (2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2020.82.63-66.

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The involvement of free radicals appears to be the feature of most human diseases. The general mechanism of cell damage involves the excessive uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species resulting in the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes and damaging of macromolecules. These processes are generally accompanied by a decrease in the concentration and/or activity of natural antioxidants. Moreover, the exhaustion of the antioxidant capacity of the organism is among the key reasons leading to the development of pathological states. The maintenance of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance by the systematic use of products or dietary supplements, the components of which exhibit antioxidant activity, can be considered as a part of a strategy for the prevention and control of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The current work aims to study the free radical scavenging activity of two experimental poly-component complexes. Antioxidant properties of complexes were determined in experiments in vitro. The estimation of total antioxidant activity, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activity was performed. The results revealed that both complexes have the potentials to prevent the formation of free radicals and can be used as agents with antioxidant properties. It was established that the effect of complex 1 and 2 is complex and first of all aimed at the prevention of the formation of dangerous free radicals by reducing the level of hydrogen peroxide. The additional mechanism involves the chelating of metal ions, in particular ferrous iron. The antioxidant ability exhibited by complex 1 was found to be higher than the total antioxidant activity of complex 2. Complex 1 was more effective in the ability to neutralize superoxide anion-radicals while complex 2 showed a high percentage inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation.

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10

Angeli, Lucrezia, Sebastian Imperiale, Yubin Ding, Matteo Scampicchio, and Ksenia Morozova. "A Novel Stoichio-Kinetic Model for the DPPH• Assay: The Importance of the Side Reaction and Application to Complex Mixtures." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071019.

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The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay is widely used to determine the antioxidant activity of food products and extracts. However, the common DPPH• protocol uses a two-point measurement and does not give information about the kinetics of the reaction. A novel stoichio-kinetic model applied in this study monitors the consumption of DPPH• by common antioxidants following the second order reaction. The fitting of such decay yields the rate constant k1, which describes the main reaction between antioxidants and DPPH•, and the rate constant k2, which is attributed to a slower side reaction considering the products generated between the transient radicals (AO•) and another molecule of DPPH•. The model was first applied to antioxidant standards. Sinapic acid, Trolox and ascorbic and chlorogenic acids did not show any side reaction. Instead gallic, ferulic and caffeic acids achieved the best fitting with k2. The products of the side reaction for these compounds were confirmed and identified with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Finally, the kinetic model was applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of eight herbal extracts. This study suggests a new kinetic approach to standardize the common DPPH• assay for the determination of antioxidant activity.

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Meda, Srikala, Sharda Singh, Philip Palade, Sahil Tonk, and Sanjay Awasthi. "Oxidative stress in intensive care unit patients: a review of glutathione linked metabolism and lipid peroxidation." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 7, no. 27 (January 18, 2019): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v7i27.511.

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Despite clear evidence of increased oxidative stress in the blood and tissues of critically ill intensive care unit patients, consistent beneficial effects of many different antioxidants have not been observed, and antioxidant therapy has not yet translated into widely accepted clinical practice. The reasons for this are unclear, likely rooted in the complex and context dependent free radical behavior of antioxidants interacting with the process of lipid peroxidation. Control of lipid peroxidation is a crucial requirement for the beneficial effects of antioxidants, but the interactions of biological antioxidant defenses with the potentially harmful free radical behavior of pharmacological antioxidants complicates the dose and selection of the optimal antioxidants. Glutathione, the primary small molecule antioxidant in biological systems, is the primary enzymatic oxidative stress defense that operates in the context of glutathione-linked antioxidant enzymes to metabolize many harmful products of lipid peroxidation to mercapturic acids. Recently, the mercapturic acid transporter protein, RLIP76 (human RALBP1 gene), has been shown to have a critical role in glutathione linked oxidative stress defenses. These findings provide a rationale for new approaches towards selection and dosing of antioxidant to improve their clinical benefit.

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Hewlings, Susan J., Kristin Draayer, and Douglas S. Kalman. "Palm Fruit Bioactive Complex (PFBc), a Source of Polyphenols, Demonstrates Potential Benefits for Inflammaging and Related Cognitive Function." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041127.

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Cognitive function is a key aspect of healthy aging. Inflammation associated with normal aging, also called inflammaging is a primary risk factor for cognitive decline. A diet high in fruits and vegetable and lower in calories, particularly a Mediterranean Diet, may lower the risk of age-related cognitive decline due in part to the associated high intake of antioxidants and polyphenols. A phenolic, Palm Fruit Bioactive complex (PFBc) derived from the extraction process of palm oil from oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis), is reported to offset inflammation due to its high antioxidant, especially vitamin E, and polyphenol content. The benefit is thought to be achieved via the influence of antioxidants on gene expression. It is the purpose of this comprehensive review to discuss the etiology, including gene expression, of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) specific to dietary intake of antioxidants and polyphenols and to focus on the potential impact of nutritional interventions specifically PFBc has on MCI. Several in vitro, in vivo and animal studies support multiple benefits of PFBc especially for improving cognitive function via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. While more human studies are needed, those completed thus far support the benefit of consuming PFBc to enhance cognitive function via its anti-inflammatory antioxidant functions.

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Kalinowska, Monika, Justyna Sienkiewicz-Gromiuk, Grzegorz Świderski, Anna Pietryczuk, Adam Cudowski, and Włodzimierz Lewandowski. "Zn(II) Complex of Plant Phenolic Chlorogenic Acid: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Structural Studies." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 3745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173745.

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The structure of the Zn(II) complex of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid, 5-CQA) and the type of interaction between the Zn(II) cation and the ligand were studied by means of various experimental and theoretical methods, i.e., electronic absorption spectroscopy UV/Vis, infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, elemental, thermogravimetric and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant power) and trolox oxidation assays were applied in study of the anti-/pro-oxidant properties of Zn(II) 5-CQA and 5-CQA. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Candida albicans was tested. An effect of Zn(II) chelation by chlorogenic acid on the anti-/pro-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of the ligand was discussed. Moreover, the mechanism of the antioxidant properties of Zn(II) 5-CQA and 5-CQA were studied on the basis of the theoretical energy descriptors and thermochemical parameters. Zn(II) chlorogenate showed better antioxidant activity than chlorogenic acid and commonly applied natural (L-ascorbic acid) and synthetic antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)). The pro-oxidant activity of Zn(II) 5-CQA was higher than the ligand and increased with the rise of the compound concentration The type of Zn(II) coordination by the chlorogenate ligand strongly affected the antioxidant activity of the complex.

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Nilova, L. P., and S. M. Malyutenkova. "Antioxidant complexes of sea buckthorn (Hippopha? rhamnoides L.) of northwest Russia." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-108-114.

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Sea buckthorn fruits, due to the content of complexes of water- and fat-soluble antioxidants, have therapeutic and prophylactic properties. Their content depends on the species, subspecies, varieties, botanical varieties, ecological and geographical origin of sea buckthorn fruits. The paper presents the results of studies of the composition of antioxidants and antioxidant activity of three botanical varieties of sea buckthorn (Hippopha? rhamnoides L.) growing in the Leningrad region of the northwestern region of Russia. As part of the antioxidant complex, the content of phenolic antioxidants (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acids) and vitamin C was investigated. The greatest variability of water-soluble sea buckthorn antioxidants is associated with the content of vitamin C – from 82 to 297 mg/100g, depending on the botanical variety. The content of total phenolic compounds was 600–795 mg/100g, and the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids was 265–346 and 105–170 mg/100g, respectively. In the complex of fat-soluble antioxidants of sea buckthorn fruits of different varieties, the content of vitamin E and carotenoids was investigated, which was 6.9–8.3 and 10.7–14.9 mg/100g, respectively. The content of vitamin C influences the formation of antioxidant properties determined by the DPPH method and coulometric titration of water and alcohol fractions, forming a number of botanical varieties of sea buckthorn: Orange> Vitamin> Giant. The antioxidant activity of alcoholic fractions is 1.3–1.7 times higher than that of aqueous fractions, depending on the botanical variety of sea buckthorn fruits. The content of phenolic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids) influenced the antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP method, forming a number of sea buckthorn varieties: Vitamin> Orange> Giant

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Jun, Dong Ha, Hui Yeoug Kim, Sang Ik Han, Young Hun Kim, Se Gie Kim, and Jin Tae Lee. "Studies on Antioxidant Effect of Mushroom Complex." Journal of Life Science 23, no. 3 (March 30, 2013): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.3.377.

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Abulkasimova, Kh, and M. Karimova. "CITICOLINE APPLICATIONS AS A COMPLEX PRIMARY TREATMENT." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2020-6-3.

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This article is about primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) which is a multifactorial degenerative disease that affects the optic nerve and subsequently leads to the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons. Therefore, preparations with antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effect, as well as ensuring restoration of lipid balance, are relevant in the complex therapy of POAG.

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Al-Omari, O. M. "STATE OF THE PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT EQUILIBRIUM IN THE PROCESS OF COMPLEX THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH FOCAL SCLERODERMY." Dermatology and Venerology, no. 3 (2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33743/2308-1066-2021-3-22-27.

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Introduction. The development of oxidative stress in focal scleroderma is the basis for the use of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of this disease, in connection with which drugs of natural antioxidants are of interest. The objective was to study the effect of complex treatment on the level of oxidative stress of proteins and lipids, the state of the antioxidant defense system in focal scleroderma. Materials and research methods. The study included 78 patients with focal scleroderma. In the comparison group (n=38) treatment was prescribed according to the recommendations. In the main group (n=40) to the basic therapy was added tivortin, eliminal gel, ultraphonophoresis with longidase. The contents of dinitrophenylhydrazones of neutral (E370) and basic character (E430), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), hydroperoxides (HP), reduced glutathione (GR), superoxide dimutase (SOD), catalase (CT), glutathionereductase (GR) were analyzed. Results. It was found that the absolute effectiveness of complex therapy in reducing the level of dinitrophenylhydrazones of neutral and basic nature exceeds the baseline by 27.0 and 26.0% (p<0.05). The therapeutic benefit of the inclusion of antioxidants in complex therapy to reduce the level of diene conjugates was 33.0% (p<0.05), the content of HP – 22.0% (p<0.05), MDA – 41.0% (p<0,05). It was proven the reliable therapeutic efficacy of complex treatment to increase the intensity of antioxidant enzymes, which was 28.0% relative to the level of SOD (p<0.05), 26.0% relative to the content of CT (p<0.05), 42.0% – according to the SOD/CT index (p<0.05), as well as 22.0% to increase the activity of GR (p<0.05). Conclusions. Comprehensive treatment of focal scleroderma, with the addition of drugs that have endothelioprotective, antihypoxic and antioxidant effects, reduce the production of free radicals and restore the activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection is highly effective and pathogenetically justified

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Živković, Jelena, Slavica Sunarić, Nataša Trutić, Marko Denić, Gordana Kocić, and Tatjana Jovanović. "Antioxidants and Antioxidant Capacity of Human Milk / Antioksidansi i antioksidativni kapacitet humanog mleka." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afmnai-2015-0012.

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SUMMARY Milk contains plenty of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components that probably account for the vital antioxidant protection of the infants at early stages of life against the development of complications induced by oxygen free radicals. Indigenous milk enzymes play a key role in regulating lactogenesis, including active involution of mammary gland. Moreover, they are essential constituents of antioxidation and the innate immune system of milk. Among antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase have been demonstrated in human milk. Mainly, the enzyme content of colostrum is higher than that in corresponding mature milk. Beside lipophilic antioxidant in human milk, tocopherols, carotenoids and vitamin A are of great interest. Those components demonstrate the highest levels in colostrum and decline during early lactation, despite the fact that total lipids increase. The complete list of active antioxidant components in human milk is not yet known. This review reports the main findings of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as antioxidant capacity of human milk. Synergism of action of several antioxidants helps to eliminate free radicals in newborns. Bearing in mind that milk contains a number of antioxidants, many reactions are possible and it is difficult to define the exact contribution and function of each antioxidant. Besides qualitative and quantitative analysis of human milk antioxidants, the measurement of total antioxidant capacity could be a useful tool for examination of this dynamic, complex fluid

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Greco, Tiffany, Thomas C. Glenn, David A. Hovda, and Mayumi L. Prins. "Ketogenic diet decreases oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial respiratory complex activity." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 9 (July 22, 2016): 1603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15610584.

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Cerebral metabolism of ketones after traumatic brain injury (TBI) improves neuropathology and behavior in an age-dependent manner. Neuroprotection is attributed to improved cellular energetics, although other properties contribute to the beneficial effects. Oxidative stress is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction after TBI. Ketones decrease oxidative stress, increase antioxidants and scavenge free radicals. It is hypothesized that ketogenic diet (KD) will decrease post-TBI oxidative stress and improve mitochondria. Postnatal day 35 (PND35) male rats were given sham or controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury and placed on standard (STD) or KD. Ipsilateral cortex homogenates and mitochondria were assayed for markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant expression and mitochondrial function. Oxidative stress was significantly increased at 6 and 24 h post-injury and attenuated by KD while inducing protein expression of antioxidants, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1/2). Complex I activity was inhibited in STD and KD groups at 6 h and normalized by 24 h. KD significantly improved Complex II–III activity that was reduced in STD at 6 h. Activity remained reduced at 24 h in STD and unchanged in KD animals. These results strongly suggest that ketones improve post-TBI cerebral metabolism by providing alternative substrates and through antioxidant properties, preventing oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

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Lee, Kyung Hee, Myeounghoon Cha, and Bae Hwan Lee. "Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 7152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197152.

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The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

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Georgescu, Simona Roxana, Alina Musetescu, Corina Daniela Ene, Cosmin Ene, Mădălina Mitran, Cristina Mitran, Mircea Tampa, and Ilinca Nicolae. "Relationship of Lichen Planus, Hepatitis Virus C and Low Level of Total Antioxidant Capacity." Internal Medicine 15, no. 5 (December 1, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/inmed-2018-0035.

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AbstractBased on the latest medical research, it is supposed that lichen planus is an inflammatory disorder, associated with autoimmune diseases, hepatitis C infection, oxidative stress or antioxidant deficiency. The purpose of the present work is to determine a panel of serum antioxidants, possibly involved in the development/persistence of the disease. The determination of extracellular antioxidants (bilirubin, uric acid, albumin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, copper, ceruloplasmin, total antioxidant capacity) in patients with lichen planus during exacerbations have revealed a significant reduction in non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Hepatitis C virus enhances the deficit of antioxidants in patients with lichen planus. Based on these findings, the authors consider that lichen planus is a complex disease of unidentified cause and its pathogenic mechanisms are still incompletely elucidated. It may be speculated that several interconnected mechanisms are involved in the onset and evolution of lichen planus.

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Vitali Čepo, Dubravka, Kristina Radić, Sanja Jurmanović, Mario Jug, Marija Grdić Rajković, Sandra Pedisić, Tihomir Moslavac, and Petra Albahari. "Valorization of Olive Pomace-Based Nutraceuticals as Antioxidants in Chemical, Food, and Biological Models." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082070.

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Waste remaining after the production of olive oil (olive pomace) is known to contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds that exert different types of biological activities, primarily acting as antioxidants. In this work, a sustainable approach that combines ultrasound-assisted extraction with food-grade solvents and encapsulation with different types of cyclodextrins was used to prepare olive pomace-based polyphenol rich extracts that were tested as antioxidants in various chemical, food, and biological model systems. Encapsulation with cyclodextrins had a significant positive impact on the chemical composition of obtained extracts and it positively affected their antioxidant activity. Observed effects can be explained by an increased content of polyphenols in the formulations, specific physical properties of encapsulated compounds improving their antioxidant activity in complex food/physiological environment, and enhanced interaction with natural substrates. Depending on the applied model, the tested samples showed significant antioxidant protection in the concentration range 0.1–3%. Among the investigated cyclodextrins, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin encapsulated extracts showed particularly good antioxidant activity and were especially potent in oil-in-water emulsion systems (1242 mg/g and 1422 mg/g of Trolox equivalents, respectively), showing significantly higher antioxidant activity than Trolox (reference antioxidant). In other models, they provided antioxidant protection comparable to commonly used synthetic antioxidants at concentration levels of 2–3%.

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23

Malyshev, K. V. "Experimental and clinical substantiation of the use of xymedon as an antioxidant in the complex treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis." Kazan medical journal 81, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96224.

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The antioxidant activity of blood plasma is studied in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. The experimental data on the effect of antioxidants of xymedone and methyluracil on the basic free radicals, peroxide oxidation of li poids and chemoluminescence of peritoneal macrophages of rats made it possible to justify the use of drugs in the complex treatment of patients in pre- and postoperative period. As a result of the use of xymedone in the complex treatment the blood indices improved, antioxidant plasma activity increased in 25 patients of the basic group. In patients of the control group taking methyluracil the efficiency of the treatment was less significant

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24

Lachman, J., M. Orsák, and V. Pivec. "Antioxidant complex of bioflavonoids and ascorbic acid in apples (Malus pumila Mill.) – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 4 (January 1, 2000): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8335-cjfs.

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In this review article it is given an information about the composition of flavonoid complex of apples (Malus pumila Mill.). It is discussed the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on polyphenolic antioxidant content (varietal differences, influence of locality, year, maturity, pre-harvest treatment, storage, technological ways of processing) and the relation between the polyphenol content and the resistance of apple varieties. During storage there is an apparent decrease of both ascorbic acid and polyphenols. Contents of anthocyanins and chalcones are in positive correlation with resistance of apple trees to low and variable temperatures. During maturation of apple fruits synthesis and accumulation of polyphenols, esp. anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid was determined. Meanwhile polyphenols are substrates of polyphenol oxidases in the process of enzymic browning, ascorbic acid is a natural inhibitor of this browning deterioration. Process of enzymic browning of apple fruits and juices could be inhibited with ascorbic and citric acid addition to apple products. Polyphenol content could be influenced by pre-harvest and technological procedures.

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25

Tarasenko, Y. A., O. O. Tykhonova, T. F. Deynega, and O. A. Volkova. "COMPARISON OF PREVENTIVE ACTION OF ANTIOXIDANTS UNDER PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO AMINE SALT OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.1.55.

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The article describes the study on the effectiveness of remedies possessing antioxidant properties for chemoprevention of the consequences caused by pesticides toxic effects. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives, and namely, amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid are known as one of the most widely distributed compounds in agriculture. The activation of the free radical processes is considered as a universal mechanism of the damage to biological membranes during chronic intoxication by phenoxyacid derivatives. This work is aimed to compare the preventive effect of the synthetic and natural antioxidants under long-term exposure to the 2,4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The experiment was performed on Wistar male rats, which received synthetic and natural antioxidants against the background of toxicant administration. Long-term effects of the pesticide caused the activation of the processes of free radical lipid peroxidation, reduced antioxidant supply and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The introduction of medicines with antioxidant properties helped to reduce the content of products of free radical processes, to inhibit the drop of body antioxidant supply and to normalize the activity of antioxidant enzymes. According to the experimental data obtained, the complex of natural antioxidants (tocopherol acetate, ascorbic acid and quercetin) has the most pronounced corrective properties. This enables us to recommend them for chemocorrection of pathological changes resulted from prolonged exposure to pesticides.

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Moslavac, Tihomir, Stela Jokić, Ana Mrgan, Štefica Grgić, Antun Jozinović, Drago Šubarić, and Jurislav Babić. "Utjecaj dodatka antioksidanasa na oksidacijsku stabilnost goveđeg loja." Meso 21, no. 1 (2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.21.1.4.

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Influence of antioxidants on oxidative stability of beef tallow Fats are contained in the majority of foods that are consumed daily. Beef tallow is one of the most complex fats found in nature. Tallow is subject to oxidation during the production, storage and heat treatment. This study researched the effect of natural antioxidants (rosemary extract type Oxy’Less CS and type StabilEnhance, sage extract, alpha tocopherol, mixture tocopherol) and synthetic antioxidants (PG, BHA) on the oxidative stability of beef tallow. The oxidative stability of beef tallow, with and without added antioxidant, was evaluated using the sustainability test at 98 oC. The results are expressed as peroxide value (mmol O2/kg) obtained after storing the sample for a certain period of time at the temperature of 98°C. The results showed that applied antioxidants successfully stabilized the beef tallow. Among natural antioxidants, rosemary extract type Oxy'Less CS showed a higher antioxidant activity in beef tallow. In comparison with other tested antioxidants, it achieved greater efficiency in protecting the beef tallow from oxidation. Synthetic antioxidants propyl galate and butylhydroxyanisole successfully increased the stability of beef tallow, whereby propyl galate showed a higher antioxidant activity.

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27

Bukhari, S. Birjees, Shahabuddin Memon, M. Mahroof-Tahir, and M. I. Bhanger. "Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity copper–quercetin complex." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 71, no. 5 (January 2009): 1901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.07.030.

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28

Kasaikina, Olga T., Dmitriy A. Krugovov, and Elena A. Mengele. "Unusual antioxidant effects in multiphase and complex systems." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 119, no. 6 (June 2017): 1600286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201600286.

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29

Yang, Xu, Xin Wang, Xiao-Yu Chen, Hai-Yu Ji, Yan Zhang, and An-Jun Liu. "Pinocembrin–Lecithin Complex: Characterization, Solubilization, and Antioxidant Activities." Biomolecules 8, no. 2 (June 19, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom8020041.

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30

Liu, Benguo, Jiquan Du, Jie Zeng, Chungang Chen, and Shengyang Niu. "Characterization and antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin–lecithin complex." European Food Research and Technology 230, no. 2 (October 30, 2009): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-009-1175-0.

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31

Vinogradova, Yu, O. Vergun, O. Grygorieva, and J. Brindza. "Antioxidant activity of Solidago L. complex." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1324 (October 2021): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1324.58.

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32

Echegaray, Noemí, Mirian Pateiro, Paulo E. S. Munekata, José M. Lorenzo, Zakariya Chabani, Mohamed A. Farag, and Rubén Domínguez. "Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity of Meat and Meat Products: Methods and Applications." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133880.

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At present, a wide variety of analytical methods is available to measure antioxidant capacity. However, this great diversity is not reflected in the analysis of meat and meat products, as there are a limited number of studies on determining this parameter in this complex food matrix. Despite this, and due to the interest in antioxidants that prevent oxidation reactions, the identification of antioxidants in meat and meat products is of special importance to the meat industry. For this reason, this review compiled the main antioxidant capacity assays employed in meat and meat products, to date, describing their foundations, and showing both their advantages and limitations. This review also looked at the different applications of antioxidant properties in meat and meat products. In this sense, the suitability of using these methodologies has been demonstrated in different investigations related to these foods.

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Adesegun, S. A., A. Fajana, C. I. Orabueze, and H. A. B. Coker. "Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaC.B.Cl. (Acanthaceae)." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6, no. 2 (2009): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem098.

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The antioxidant activities of crude extract ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaleaf were evaluated and compared with α-tocopherol and BHT as synthetic antioxidants and ascorbic acid as natural-based antioxidant.In vitro, we studied its antioxidative activities, radical-scavenging effects, Fe2+-chelating ability and reducing power. The total phenolic content was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The extract showed variable activities in all of thesein vitrotests. The antioxidant effect ofP. fascisepalawas strongly dose dependent, increased with increasing leaf extract dose and then leveled off with further increase in extract dose. Compared to other antioxidants used in the study, α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHT,P. fascisepalaleaf extract showed less scavenging effect on α,α,-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and less reducing power on Fe3+/ferricyanide complex but better Fe2+-chelating ability. These results revealed thein vitroantioxidant activity ofP.fascisepala.Further investigations are necessary to verify these activitiesin vivo.

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Costa, Marlene, Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Fátima Paiva-Martins, and Carlos Bravo-Díaz. "Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Lipid Emulsions: Partitioning Effects and Interfacial Phenomena." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030539.

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The autoxidation of lipids in complex systems such as emulsions or biological membranes, although known to occur readily and to be associated with important pathological events, is lacking in quantitative data in spite of the huge efforts that have been made in attempting to unravel the complex mechanisms of lipid oxidation and its inhibition by antioxidants. Lipids are present as oil-in-water emulsions in many foods and pharmaceutical formulations, and the prevalent role of the interfacial region is critical to understand the antioxidant behavior and to correctly interpret antioxidant efficiencies. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the chemical fate of antioxidants before they react with peroxyl radicals. Many researchers highlighted the predominant role of interfaces, and although some attempts have been made to understand their role, in most instances, they were essentially qualitative and based on putative hypotheses. It is only recently that quantitative reports have been published. Indeed, knowledge on the effects of relevant experimental variables on the effective concentrations of antioxidants is necessary for a successful design of alternate, effective antioxidative solutions.

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Plecitá-Hlavatá, Lydie, Hana Engstová, Jan Ježek, Blanka Holendová, Jan Tauber, Lucie Petrásková, Vladimír Křen та Petr Ježek. "Potential of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants to Prevent Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-cells". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (21 травня 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1826303.

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Pancreatic β-cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their low content of redox buffers, such as glutathione, but possess a rich content of thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin, and other proteins capable of redox relay, transferring redox signaling. Consequently, it may be predicted that cytosolic antioxidants could interfere with the cytosolic redox signaling and should not be recommended for any potential therapy. In contrast, mitochondrial matrix-targeted antioxidants could prevent the primary oxidative stress arising from the primary superoxide sources within the mitochondrial matrix, such as at the flavin (IF) and ubiquinone (IQ) sites of superoxide formation within respiratory chain complex I and the outer ubiquinone site (IIIQ) of complex III. Therefore, using time-resolved confocal fluorescence monitoring with MitoSOX Red, we investigated various effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in model pancreatic β-cells (insulinoma INS-1E cells) and pancreatic islets. Both SkQ1 (a mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone) and a suppressor of complex III site Q electron leak (S3QEL) prevented superoxide production released to the mitochondrial matrix in INS-1E cells with stimulatory glucose, where SkQ1 also exhibited an antioxidant role for UCP2-silenced cells. SkQ1 acted similarly at nonstimulatory glucose but not in UCP2-silenced cells. Thus, UCP2 can facilitate the antioxidant mechanism based on SkQ1+ fatty acid anion- pairing. The elevated superoxide formation induced by antimycin A was largely prevented by S3QEL, and that induced by rotenone was decreased by SkQ1 and S3QEL and slightly by S1QEL, acting at complex I site Q. Similar results were obtained with the MitoB probe, for the LC-MS-based assessment of the 4 hr accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the mitochondrial matrix but for isolated pancreatic islets. For 2 hr INS-1E incubations, some samples were influenced by the cell death during the experiment. Due to the frequent dependency of antioxidant effects on metabolic modes, we suggest a potential use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for the treatment of prediabetic states after cautious nutrition-controlled tests. Their targeted delivery might eventually attenuate the vicious spiral leading to type 2 diabetes.

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Tan, Mingxiong, Yancheng Liu, Xujian Luo, Zhenfeng Chen, and Hong Liang. "Antioxidant Activities of Plumbagin and Its Cu (II) Complex." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/898726.

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Plumbagin and its Cu (II) complex [Cu (plumbagin)2]·H2O have been synthesized, and their antioxidant activities towards the inhibitory effect on DPPH free radical, reducing power, total antioxidant capacity, and inhibition on lipid peroxidation were investigated. Plumbagin and its Cu (II) complex were found to exhibit scavenging activities on DPPH radical with the inhibitory rate of 41% and 24%, respectively. The reducing power of plumbagin was outstanding at the concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/mL, compared to Cu (II) complex and synthetic antioxidant 2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); the highest level reached 1.333 for plumbagin and 0.581 for Cu (II) complex. Also, the inhibition on lipid peroxidation of plumbagin was higher than that of Cu (II) complex and BHT, 46.4% for plumbagin and 24.5% for Cu (II) complex. The results give a strong impact for designing anticancer drugs, combined with their potential cytotoxic and antioxidant activities, which can be targeted selectively against cancer cells and increase their therapeutic index and additional advantages over other anticancer drugs.

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37

Kumar, Ch Ravi S., Anjali Jha, and Sri Deepthi. "DFT Studies of Distinct Anilines with p-Hydroxycinnamic Acids for Antioxidant Profile." Medicinal Chemistry 17, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406416666200506085152.

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Background: Life style and jobs in current situations have generated increased free radicals such as hydroxyl (OH•) and superoxide (O2•) radicals, thereby increasing stress in humans. Interest in search of antioxidants that trap these free radicals has increased to relieve stress. β-carotene (provitamin A), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol or vitamin E, Trolox; butyl hydroxy toluene and phenolic compounds are the well-known antioxidants. Several methods evaluate the antioxidant property existing in natural substances (medicinal plants and agri-food products) and synthetic compounds (2-methyl-3- (pyrrolidin-2-ylideneamino) quinazolin-4 (3H) –one and 3,3'- (1,4- phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis (azanylylidene) (2-methyl-quinazolin-4 (3H) -one). Objective: The objective of this study is to focus on complexes with p-hydroxycinnamic acids to trap free radicals in a greener way. Method: Spectroscopic shifts and structural studies were employed to attribute electronic properties responsible for antioxidant profile. Spectroscopic shifts in wavenumbers were attributed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and Fourier Transform Raman spectra (FT Raman Spectra). Structural studies were performed with Gaussian package, electron density method the B3LYP method, basis set 6-31(d) for attributing electronic properties responsible for antioxidant profile. Result: Interpretation of FTIR spectra revealed spectroscopic shifts in wavenumbers in all the complexes responsible for bonding. Further, studies confirmed the formation of complex with reduced intensities in Raman spectra. Computational studies revealed enhancement in molecular and electronic properties responsible for antioxidant power. Conclusion: Studies revealed that complex with p-nitroaniline contribute to greater acceptor and donor power responsible for antioxidant power. These higher powers suggest the best antiradicals to trap free radicals.

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38

Trifunschi, Svetlana, and Melania Florina Munteanu. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Cooper-Quercetin Complex and Iron-Quercetin Complex." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (November 15, 2018): 2621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6593.

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Complexes of cooper (II) and iron (II) with flavonoid quercetin have been synthesized. The structure of compounds has been confirmed by means of UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. The antioxidant activity of the flavonoid complexes has been evaluated by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. These complexes of flavonoids are much more effective free radical scavengers than the free flavonoids, an aspect which recommends them for further studies on possible therapeutic applications.

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Andersson, Helena, Anette Karlsen, Rune Blomhoff, Truls Raastad, and Fawzi Kadi. "Active recovery training does not affect the antioxidant response to soccer games in elite female players." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 10 (July 8, 2010): 1492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510002394.

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Changes in plasma endogenous and dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were studied following two 90 min elite female soccer games separated by 72 h of either active or passive recovery. The active recovery group (n 8) trained for 1 h at 22 and 46 h after the first game (low-intensity cycling and resistance training), while the passive group rested (n 8). Blood samples were taken before the games; immediately after the games; 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game; and immediately after the second game. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were not affected by active recovery. The oxidative stress marker GSSG increased by the same extent after both the games, while the lipid peroxidation marker diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite remained unchanged. The endogenous antioxidants total glutathione and uric acid and ferric reducing/antioxidant power increased immediately after both the games with the same amplitude, while increases in cysteine, cysteine–glycine and total thiols reached significant levels only after the second game. The changes in dietary antioxidants after the first game were either rapid and persistent (tocopherols and ascorbic acid (AA) increased; polyphenols decreased) or delayed (carotenoids). This resulted in high pre-second game levels of tocopherols, AA and carotenoids. Polyphenols returned to baseline at 69 h, and were not affected by the second game. In conclusion, the soccer-associated dietary antioxidant defence, but not the endogenous antioxidant defence, is persistent. Similar acute oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant responses and dissimilar dietary antioxidant reactions occur during two repeated female soccer games. Finally, the complex antioxidant response to soccer is not affected by active recovery training.

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40

Naseer, Sumra, Shabbir Hussain, and Zark Zahid. "Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Common Vegetables in Pakistan." RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/jbas.v10i1.146.

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Vegetables contain many important antioxidants and nutrients. Daucus carota L (carrot) is rich in hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants and is a good source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals such as Ca, Mg, P, and Fe. It shows anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and immune boosting properties. It also provides protection against muscular degradation and development of senile cataract and reduces the risk of many diseases in humans. The nutritional value of Cucurbita pepo Linn (pumpkin) is attributed to the high level of carotenoids, carbohydrates, vitamins, other minerals. Pumpkin due to the presence of vitamin B complex, Ca and P, provides protection against many acute and chronic diseases. Pumpkin peel and pulp are the good source of antioxidants, polyphenols, carotenoids, dietary fiber and minerals such as P and Fe. Pumpkin extract shows antioxidant, antimicrobial and other activities. Spinacia oleracea (spinach) is a good source of essential nutrients such as carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals (P, K, Mg). Its leaves contain carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid. Fresh spinach extract shows antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Solanum tuberosum (potato) is rich in starch, alkaloids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, and some other minerals (K, Mg, Fe). Potato helps to overcome chronic and acute diseases and has an impact on blood pressure and gut health.

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Epps, Caleb T., Benjamin P. Stenquist, Kevin T. Lowder, Bryan C. Blacker, Richard M. Low, Dennis L. Eggett, and Tory L. Parker. "Synergistic Endo- and Exo-Interactions Between Blueberry Phenolic Compounds, Grape Variety Fractions, Chocolate Covered Strawberries, and Fruit Smoothies." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 6 (September 26, 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n6p33.

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<p>The presence of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables is considered to be of nutritional importance in the prevention of chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Through overlapping or complementary effects, the complex mixture of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables provides a better protective effect on health than single phytochemicals. Previous studies have shown that synergistic interactions between antioxidants in food result in a higher antioxidant capacity than individually isolated antioxidants. Further work is needed to explore other potential synergistic interactions between antioxidant mixtures within foods (endo-interactions) and between foods (exo-interactions) commonly eaten together. A series of studies examined potential synergy between various components of blueberries, grapes, chocolate covered strawberries, and fruit smoothies using multiple antioxidant assays (ORAC, TEAC and DPPH). At the ratio found in blueberries, significant synergy, antagonism, and patterns were found for many phenolic compound combinations, though they were dependent on the assay. Significant synergy was found in the combinations of skin and juice as well as skin, juice, and seed across three grape varieties. Significant synergy was found in the combination of strawberry and 88% cocoa chocolate in fully dipped strawberries. Fruit smoothies made with blueberries (as opposed to strawberries and raspberries) and soymilk (as opposed to water) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant capacity. The 3 assays measured correlated weakly with each other. This work furthers our understanding of the potential value of complex mixtures and foods in the human diet and is the first to report on the combinations and fractions described.</p>

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Killian, Brittany, Tzu-Hsuen Yuan, Cheng-Hsien Tsai, Tina H. T. Chiu, Yi-Hsuan Chen, and Chang-Chuan Chan. "Emission-related Heavy Metal Associated with Oxidative Stress in Children: Effect of Antioxidant Intake." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 3920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113920.

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Heavy metals, the common pollutants emitted from industrial activities, are believed to cause harmful effects, partially through the mechanism of elevated oxidative stress, and antioxidant intake has been hypothesized to provide a potential protective effect against oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the heavy metal exposure and the associated oxidative damage of young children living near a petrochemical complex and to assess the protective effect of antioxidant intake. There were 168 children recruited from the kindergartens near a huge petrochemical complex, with 87 as the high exposure group and 81 as the low exposure group. Urinary concentrations of eleven metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and four biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The food frequency questionnaire was collected to assess participants’ intake of antioxidants. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the predictors of metals for oxidative stress and to measure the beneficial effect of antioxidants. Weighted quantile sum regression was performed to determine the contributors among metals to the oxidative stress. Results showed that high exposure group had significantly higher concentrations of chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic, strontium, cadmium, and lead when compared to those in low exposure group. There was no obviously difference on the total antioxidant intake and dietary profile between two groups. The elevated levels of two oxidative stress markers were significantly associated with most of the urinary metal concentrations in all study subjects after adjusting confounders, while no significant association was found between oxidative stress and antioxidant intake. Among the metals, mercury and strontium showed the dominated contributions for elevated levels of oxidative stress. It concluded that higher metal exposure was associated with elevated oxidative stress but with no protective effect by antioxidant intake among the young children residents near a petrochemical industry.

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Xu, Keyong, Benguo Liu, Yuxiang Ma, Jiquan Du, Guanglei Li, Han Gao, Yuan Zhang, and Zhengxiang Ning. "Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Luteolin-Phospholipid Complex." Molecules 14, no. 9 (September 9, 2009): 3486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules14093486.

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44

Wu, Chun, Xin Ping Zheng, and Lin Lin Chen. "Study on Antioxidant Activity of Dihydromyricetin-Zinc(II) Complex." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.863.

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Анотація:

Dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex was synthesized. The scavenging activity of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and alkane radical by dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex were determine, moreover compared with Vc. The results showed that dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex possessed strong scavenging activities on DPPH•, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and alkane radical with correspounding maximum scavenging rate 74%, 70% , 65% and 50% at the concentration from 0.1 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L, respectively, which were higher than Vc. These results suggested that dihydromyricetin-zinc(II) complex would be an effective free radical scavenger.

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45

Summers, William K., Roy L. Martin, Michael Cunningham, Velda L. DeBoynton, and Gary M. Marsh. "Complex Antioxidant Blend Improves Memory in Community-Dwelling Seniors." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 19, no. 2 (January 7, 2010): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-2010-1229.

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Bilous, Olesia, Natalia Sytnik, Svitlana Bukhkalo, Valentyna Glukhykh, Ganna Sabadosh, Vadym Natarov, Natalia Yarmysh, Stepan Zakharkiv, Tetiana Kravchenko, and Viktoria Mazaeva. "Development of a food antioxidant complex of plant origin." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 11 (102) (December 17, 2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.186442.

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Wójcicka, G., A. Marciniak, D. Górny, R. Czabak-Garbacz, A. Korolczuk, and J. Beltowski. "Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in immune complex disease." Pathophysiology 5 (June 1998): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80572-5.

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Wu, Shuping, Yumin Du, Yunzi Hu, Xiaowen Shi, and Lina Zhang. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of xylan–chitooligomer–zinc complex." Food Chemistry 138, no. 2-3 (June 2013): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.118.

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Meghea, Aurelia, Nicoleta Iftimie, Maria Giurginca, Elena Cremenescu, and Viorica Trandafir. "New Nanostructured Complex Systems with Antioxidant and Photoprotective Activity." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 448, no. 1 (June 2006): 51/[653]—60/[662]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400500377396.

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Bikbov, M. M., N. A. Nikitin, V. K. Surkova, R. R. Farkhutdinov, L. M. Khalilov, A. R. Tulyabaev, A. F. Nikitina, S. A. Fedoreev та N. P. Mishchenko. "Experimental Antioxidant Activity of a β-Cyclodextrin – Histochrome Complex". Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 51, № 11 (лютий 2018): 980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-018-1727-3.

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