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Статті в журналах з теми "Complete factorial design"
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KUMAR, PRAKASH, KRISHAN LAL, ANIRBAN MUKHERJEE, UPENDRA KUMAR PRADHAN, MRINMOY RAY, and OM PRAKASH. "Advanced row-column designs for animal feed experiments." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 4 (January 5, 2023): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i4.78895.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inappropriate statistical designs may misinterpret results of animal feed experiments. Thus complete statistical designs can make animal feed research more appropriate and cost effective. Usually factorial row-column designs are used when the heterogeneity in the experimental material is in two directions and the experimenter is interested in studying the effect of two or more factors simultaneously. Attempts have been to develop the method of construction of balanced nested row column design under factorial setup. Factorial experiments are used in designs when two or more factors have same levels or different levels. The designs that are balanced symmetric factorials nested in blocks are called block designs with nested row-column balanced symmetric factorial experiments. These designs were constructed by using confounding through equation methods.Construction of confounded asymmetrical factorial experiments in row-column settings and efficiency factor of confounded effects was worked out. The design can be used in animal feed experiment with fewer resources by not compromising the test accuracy.
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., Niranjan Chivate, Sidharth Patil ., Jagdish Saboji ., and Anuradha Chivate . "A Complete Review on Solid Dispersion Technology and Factorial Design." Journal of Current Pharma Research 2, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33786/jcpr.2012.v02i04.011.
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Alassane, Daibou, Jaqueline Akemi Suzuki Sediyama, Alice Dos Santos Ribeiro, José Ivo Ribeiro Júnior, and Belo Afonso Muetanene. "PERFORMANCE OF MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS CONDUCTED UNDER RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN." BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura 98, no. 3 (January 2, 2024): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v98i3.4334.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In factorial experiments conducted under randomized block design, the multiple linear regression model fitting can be performed under different combinations of the quantitative levels of the two factors and the number of replications. To determine the best combination, considering the same number of levels per factor and the same number of experimental units, it was concluded through a simulated data study that the quality of the fit increases when regression is performed in experiments with fewer combinations of levels (treatments) and more replications. Therefore, if linearity is expected, using four treatments evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial design for model fitting is recommended. Otherwise, nine treatments evaluated in a 3 × 3 factorial design are recommended. All of this is for experiments with coefficients of variation of 20%.
Keywords: Treatments, Replications, Experimental precision.
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Jain, Neha, Mohan L. Kori, Umesh K. Jain, and Abhishek K. Jain. "NATURAL BIODEGRADABLE CIPROFLOXACIN MICROSPHERES: OPTIMIZATION STUDY BY FACTORIAL DESIGN." Indian Drugs 59, no. 04 (June 1, 2022): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.59.04.13018.
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Oral drug delivery is the most popular method of control and release of therapeutic agents for the management of diseases. The colon specific drug delivery systems are considered to attain targeted drug delivery to the large intestine specifically at colon. They provide local delivery for the treatment of colonic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. The present investigation is based on response of percent drug release as dependent variable for the study at Y axis with two different variables-concentration of surfactant (X1) and stirring speed (X2). A 32 full factorial design was used for complete reading of blending of polymers. The effects of surfactant concentration and stirring speed were evaluated by different parameters as entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface characteristics, micromeritic properties, DSC study and in vitro drug release studies. The present investigation reveals that galactomannan gum containing microspheres are promising as a carrier for colon targeted delivery of ciprofloxacin.
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Collins, Linda M., John J. Dziak, and Runze Li. "Design of experiments with multiple independent variables: A resource management perspective on complete and reduced factorial designs." Psychological Methods 14, no. 3 (2009): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015826.
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Masetto, Alejandra, Luis B. Flores-Cotera, Carlos Díaz, Elizabeth Langley, and Sergio Sanchez. "Application of a complete factorial design for the production of zeaxanthin by Flavobacterium sp." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 92, no. 1 (January 2001): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80199-7.
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Edginton, Andrea N., Patrick M. Sheridan, Herman J. Boermans, Dean G. Thompson, John D. Holt, and Gerald R. Stephenson. "A Comparison of Two Factorial Designs, a Complete 3×3 Factorial and a Central Composite Rotatable Design, for Use in Binomial Response Experiments in Aquatic Toxicology." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 46, no. 2 (February 2004): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-2176-9.
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C. Eze, Francis. "Choice of Confounding in the 2k Factorial Design in 2b Blocks." Academic Journal of Applied Mathematical Sciences, no. 55 (May 15, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajams.55.50.56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2k complete factorial experiment, the experiment must be carried out in a completely randomized design. When the numbers of factors increase, the number of treatment combinations increase and it is not possible to accommodate all these treatment combinations in one homogeneous block. In this case, confounding in more than one incomplete block becomes necessary. In this paper, we considered the choice of confounding when k > 2. Our findings show that the choice of confounding depends on the number of factors, the number of blocks and their sizes. When two more interactions are to be confounded, their product module 2 should be considered and thereafter, a linear combination equation should be used in allocating the treatment effects in the principal block. Other contents in other blocks are generated by multiplication module 2 of the effects not in the principal block. Partial confounding is recommended for the interactions that cannot be confounded.
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M.P., Iwundu, and Oko E.T. "Design Efficiency and Optimal Values of Replicated Central Composite Designs with Full Factorial Portions." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 4, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-ajwdyp0v.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Efficiency and optimal properties of four varieties of Central Composite Design, namely, SCCD, RCCD, OCCD and FCCD and having r_f replicates of the full factorial portion, r_α replicates of the axial portion and r_c replicates of the center portion are studied in four to six design variables. Optimal combination,[r_f: r_α: r_c ] of design points associated with the three portions of each central composite design is presented. For SCCD, the optimal combinations resulting in A- and D- efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the center portion of the SCCD. However, replicating the center and axial portions allows for G-optimal and efficient designs. For RCCD, the optimal combinations resulting in A- and D- efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the factorial and center portions of the RCCD. However, replicating the center and axial portions allows for G-optimal and efficient designs. For OCCD, the optimal combinations resulting in A- optimal and efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the axial and center portion of the OCCD. The optimal combinations resulting in G- optimal and efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the factorial and axial portions of the OCCD. To achieve designs that are D-optimal and D-efficient, the optimal combination of design points generally put emphasis on replicating the center portion of the OCCD. For FCCD, the optimal combinations of design points resulting in A-efficient designs put emphasis on replicating the axial portion of the FCCD. The optimal combinations resulting in G- optimal and efficient designs as well as G-optimal and efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the factorial and axial portions of the FCCD. It is interesting to note that for FCCD in five design variables, any r^th complete replicate of the distinct design points of the combination [r_f: r_α: r_c ] resulted in a D-efficient design. Many super-efficient designs having efficiency values greater than 1.0 emerged under the D-criterion. Unfortunately, these designs did not perform very well under A- and G-criteria, having some efficiency values much below 0.5 or just about 0.6.
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Gama, A. J. A., J. M. R. Figueirêdo, A. L. F. Brito, M. A. Gama, G. A. Neves, and H. C. Ferreira. "Factorial design and statistical analysis of smectite clay treatment by hydrocyclone." Cerâmica 64, no. 369 (March 2018): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132018643692196.
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Abstract Bentonite clays are materials composed by one or more smectite clay minerals and some accessory minerals, mainly quartz, cristobalite, mica, feldspars and other clay minerals such as kaolinite. These contaminants present in clays have a large distribution of particle sizes which severely restrict their industrial applications, with the use of hydrocyclone as a likely solution for their reduction. This study aims to analyze the treatment of smectite clays from the state of Paraíba using modeling, simulation and optimization of the variable average particle diameter in relation to various process variables related to the hydrocyclone. In this study, the average diameter of smectite clays was evaluated as a function of the factors: pressure, apex diameter and vortex diameter of the hydrocyclone. Complete factorial design and addition in the central points were used to model the hydrocycloning process. The results evidenced reduction in equivalent average particle size of approximately 19.2%. Regarding the simulations, the optimum point with the lowest value was found for the average diameter of 4.033 µm, with a pressure of 4.3 bar, apex opening of 5.3 mm, and vortex opening of 6.3 mm, all at a 95% confidence level.
Дисертації з теми "Complete factorial design"
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Belghith, Yosra. "Eco-extraction de biomolécules à haute valeur ajoutée à partir de grignons d’olive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AVIG0119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le grignon d’olive est le coproduit principal généré par le procédé d’extraction de l’huile d’olive. Bien que délétère pour l’environnement, le grignon d’olive est une source potentielle de molécules naturelles bénéfiques pour la santé humaine. Une partie de nos travaux a été consacrée à la caractérisation d’un extrait éthanolique de grignon d’olive. L’analyse par UPLC/MS nous a permis d’identifier 59 métabolites secondaires dont les plus abondants sont l’hydroxytyrosol, le tyrosol, l’oleuropéine aglycone, l’oléoside, l’acide caféique et l’acide pcoumarique. Des tests biologiques ont montré que l’extrait éthanolique était doté d’activité antioxydante, antidiabétique et analgésique. Une deuxième partie s’est focalisée sur l’optimisation des rendements d’extraction des polyphénols du grignon d’olive à l’aide de technologies d’extraction éco-responsables. Ces travaux nous ont amené à conclure que les conditions optimales d’extraction ont été obtenues pour un ratio de (60/40) (EtOH/H2O) à l’aide du procédé d’extraction accélérée par solvant. Dans une dernière partie, une nouvelle approche a été développée visant l’optimisation de l’extraction des composés phénoliques en considérant des huiles végétales comme solvant d’extraction. Basé sur un plan factoriel complet à trois facteurs (type d’huile, température et technique d’extraction), nous avons pu montrer que les conditions optimales de l’extraction des polyphénols du grignon étaient l’extraction assistée par ultrasons dans l’huile d’olive à 65°COlive pomace is the main by-product generated through olive oil extraction. Although toxic to the environment, olive pomace is an important source of natural products beneficial to human health. Part of our work focuses on an ethanolic extract of pomace. UPLC/MSanalyses allowed us to identify 59 secondary metabolites, the most abundant of which are hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein aglycone, oléoside, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. In addition, biological tests have shown that the ethanolic extract has antioxidant, anti-diabetic and analgesic activities. A second part based on the optimization of polyphenol extraction yields from olive pomace was carried out. This work led us to conclude that 60:40 EtOH: H2O was the best extraction solvent ratio and that “accelerated solvent extraction” was the best extraction process. In the last part, a new approach was developed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds using vegetable oils as extraction solvent. Based on a complete factorial design with three factors (type of oil, temperature and extraction technique), we have concluded that the optimal conditions for the extraction of polyphenols from pomace are as follows: extraction with olive oil at 65°C using ultrasound-assisted extraction
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Santos, Angela Maria Corrêa Mouzinho. "Produção de biodiesel de óleo de babaçu (Attalea spp.) e soja (Glycine max) utilizando como catalisadores líquidos iônicos e complexos de piridina." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1653.
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AngelaSantos.pdf: 3784731 bytes, checksum: 4f751c6199d9097c62df463675bc5301 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T17:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelaSantos.pdf: 3784731 bytes, checksum: 4f751c6199d9097c62df463675bc5301 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ)
The use of ionic liquids and pyridine complex catalysts are an interesting alternative for use in organic synthesis processes especially in the transesterification reaction for producing biodiesel. They may come to replace homogeneous basic catalysts (NaOH and KOH) because of saponification of the reaction medium and the purification step difficulty catalyst recovery. These compounds have advantages that improve the reaction process and can be used as both solvents and catalysts, it being possible reuse. The objective of this study was to syntetize and characterizes the LI and other catalysts pyridine base and pyridine alkyl with Brønsted acids and Lewis and evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the transesterification of vegetable oil babassu oil and soybean with methanol and ethanol, as well as optimize the reaction conditions for obtaining biodiesel using the technique of Delineation Composite Central Rotational (CCRD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and characterize biodiesel by the standards of the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels - RDC 14/2012. The structural composition of the catalysts was identified by spectroscopy in the infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR. The yields mass of the catalysts were above 65%. The results obtained in catalytic testing of transesteriifcação reaction with babassu oil and soybean via methyl ethyl route were satisfactory for conversion to esters with average yield above 70%. It was observed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) separation of the compounds of biodiesel and the observed FTIR the functional groups present in the ester oil conversion. Quantitative analysis by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) showed that the compounds chlorobis (pyridine)tin(II) dihydrate [Sn(Py)2Cl2] .2H2O (71.6%); chlorobis(collidine)Zinc(II) [Zn(TPy)2Cl2] (86.5%); chlorine(collidine) aluminum (III) [Al(TPy)Cl3] (89.2%); pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate [TPy+][p-TSA-] (79.2%); pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate [Py+][p-TSA-] (89.1%), dihydrogeno phosphate p-aminotoluene-m-sulfonic [p-ATS-] [H2PO4-] (85.3%) used in the transesterification of vegetable oils obtained satisfactory performance in biodiesel synthesis. In the factorial design and the MSR observed efficiency of dihydrogeno phosphate p-aminotoluene-m-sulfonic for biodiesel synthesis. For biodiesel methyl babassu (BMB) the most significant variable was the molar ratio. However, the methyl soybean biodiesel (BMS), soybean biodiesel ethyl (BES) and ethyl biodiesel babassu (BEB), all variables affecting the process and were statistically significant. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) provides a model with good concordance and predictive results in conversion to esters. The better reaction conditions in the optimization process for the production of biodiesel employing the [p-ATS-] [H2PO4-] was BMB (91.7%) molar ratio (MR) methanol: oil 17.5: 1, LI 3 5%, temperature 185 ° C, BMS (97.3%) RM methanol: oil 10: 1, LI 2.0%, temperature 200 ° C, BEB (92.2%) MR ethanol: oil 25: 1, LI 5.0%, temperature 200 °C and BES (98.3%) MR ethanol: oil 30.1: 1, 3.5% LI, 185 ° C temperature. At the maximum point calculated for BMB, ANOVA was statistically significant with R2 = 93.0%. Optimum conditions for achieve maximum point were: RM alcohol: oil 30.5: 1, LI 4.68% and temperature of 171 ° C to yield 92.2% to esters. Therefore, the catalysts used in the production of biodiesel obtained high to performance and methyl and ethyl esters can be studied in future work for other types of organic reactions.
O uso de líquidos iônicos e catalisadores complexos de piridina são uma alternativa interessante para utilizar em processos de síntese orgânica, principalmente na reação de transesterificação para produção de biodiesel. Eles podem vir a substituir os catalisadores básicos homogêneos (NaOH e KOH) devido a saponificação do meio reacional e na etapa de purificação dificuldade de recuperação do catalisador. Estes compostos possuem vantagens que melhora o processo reacional e podem ser usados tanto como solventes ou catalisadores, sendo possível a sua reutilização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar e caracterizar os LI e outros catalisadores a base de piridina e piridina alquílica com ácidos de Brønsted e Lewis e avaliar a eficiência catalítica destes na reação de transesterificação do óleo vegetal de babaçu e soja com metanol e etanol, assim como otimizar as condições reacionais para obtenção do biodiesel utilizando a técnica de Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) e a Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR) e caracterizar o biodiesel pela normas da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis – RDC Nº14/2012. A composição estrutural dos catalisadores foi identificada por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e RMN de 1H. Os rendimentos em massa dos catalisadores foram acima de 65%. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios catalíticos da reação de transesteriifcação com óleo de babaçu e soja via rota metílica e etílica foram satisfatórios para conversão a ésteres com rendimento médio acima de 70%. Foi observada pela Cromatografia de Camada Fina (CCF) a separação dos compostos no biodiesel e pelo FTIR observaram-se os grupos funcionais presente na conversão do óleo a ésteres. A análise quantitativa por Cromatografia Gasosa com Detector de Ionização em Chama (CG-DIC) revelou que os compostos clorobis(piridina)estanho(II) diidratado [Sn(Py)2Cl2].2H2O (71,6%); clorobis(colidina)zinco(II) [Zn(TPy)2Cl2] (86,5%); cloro(colidina)alumínio(III) [Al(TPy)Cl3] (89,2%); p-toluenosulfonato de piridínio [TPy+][p-TSA-] (79,2%); p-toluenosulfonato de piridínio [Py+][p-TSA-] (89,1%), diidrogeno fosfato de p-aminotolueno-m-sulfônico [p-ATS-][H2PO4-] (85,3%) empregados na transesterificação do óleos vegetais obtiveram desempenho satisfatório na síntese de biodiesel. No planejamento fatorial e a MSR observou-se a eficiência do diidrogeno fosfato p-aminotolueno-m-sulfônico na síntese de biodiesel. Para o biodiesel metílico de babaçu (BMB) a variável mais significativa foi à razão molar. No entanto, o biodiesel metílico de soja (BMS), o biodiesel etílico de soja (BES) e o biodiesel etílico de babaçu (BEB), todas as variáveis influenciaram no processo e foram estatisticamente significativas. A ANOVA (Análise de Variância) prevê um modelo com boa concordância e preditivo nos resultados da conversão a ésteres. As melhores condições reacionais no processo de otimização para a produção de biodiesel empregando o [p-ATS-][H2PO4-] foram para o BMB (91,7%) razão molar (RM) álcool: óleo 17,5:1, LI 3,5%, temperatura 185 °C, BMS (97,3%) RM álcool: óleo 10:1, LI 2,0%, temperatura 200 °C, BEB (92,2%) RM álcool: óleo 25:1, LI 5,0%, temperatura 200 °C e BES (98,3%) RM álcool: óleo 30,1:1, LI 3,5%, temperatura 185 °C. No ponto máximo calculado para o BMB, a ANOVA foi estatisticamente significativa com o R2 = 93,0%. As melhores condições para alcançar o ponto máximo foram: RM álcool: óleo 30,5:1, LI 4,68% e temperatura de 171 °C com rendimento de 92,2% a ésteres. Portanto, os catalisadores utilizados na produção de biodiesel obtiveram elevados desempenho a ésteres metílicos e etílicos e podem ser estudados em trabalhos futuros para outros tipos de reações orgânicas.
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Medeiros, Patricia Neves de. "S?ntese de pigmento cer?mico ferrita de cobalto utilizando planejamento experimental." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12809.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-01Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Synthetic inorganic pigments are the most widely used in ceramic applications because they have excellent chemical and thermal stability and also, in general, a lower toxicity to man and to the environment. In the present work, the ceramic black pigment CoFe2O4 was synthesized by the polymerization Complex method (MPC) in order to form a material with good chemical homogeneity. Aiming to optimize the process of getting the pigment through the MPC was used a fractional factorial design 2(5-2), with resolution III. The factors studied in mathematical models were: citric acid concentration, the pyrolysis time, temperature, time and rate of calcination. The response surfaces using the software statistica 7.0. The powders were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy in the UV-visible. Based on the results, there was the formation of phase cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) with spinel structure. The color of the pigments obtained showed dark shades, from black to gray. The model chosen was appropriate since proved to be adjusted and predictive. Planning also showed that all factors were significant, with a confidence level of 95%
Os pigmentos inorg?nicos sint?ticos s?o os mais utilizados em aplica??es cer?micas por apresentarem uma excelente estabilidade qu?mica e t?rmica e tamb?m, em geral, uma menor toxicidade para o homem e para o meio ambiente. No presente trabalho, o pigmento cer?mico preto CoFe2O4 foi sintetizado pelo M?todo de Polimeriza??o de Complexos (MPC) visando a forma??o de um material com boa homogeneidade qu?mica. Com o objetivo de otimizar o processo de obten??o do pigmento atrav?s do MPC foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial fracionado 2(5-2), com resolu??o III. Os fatores estudados na modelagem matem?tica foram: concentra??o de ?cido c?trico, tempo de pir?lise, temperatura, tempo e taxa de calcina??o. As superf?cies de resposta utilizando o programa statistica 7.0. Os p?s obtidos foram caracterizados atrav?s de an?lises t?rmicas (TG/DSC), difra??o de raios-x (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia na regi?o do UV-vis?vel. Com base nos resultados, foi verificada a forma??o da fase ferrita de cobalto (CoFe2O4) com estrutura espin?lio. A cor dos pigmentos obtidos apresentou tonalidades escuras, do preto ao cinza. O modelo escolhido foi adequado, visto que mostrou-se ajustado e preditivo. O planejamento tamb?m mostrou que todos os fatores foram significativos, com n?vel de confian?a em 95%
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Carvalho, Paulo César Oliveira. "Otimização do processo de endurecimento superficial de aços de baixa liga." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6081.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO objetivo deste trabalho é a aplicação de um Planejamento Fatorial Completo, ferramenta estatística que auxiliará a obter dados empíricos para otimizar um tratamento termoquímico, a cementação. Partindo-se de um levantamento da profundidade de camada cementada e da dureza de uma corrente de aço de baixo teor de carbono, usada para amarração, e para resistir à abrasão reproduziu-se uma nova cementação, variando-se seus parâmetros de influência, para se alcançar o ponto ótimo, definindo o melhor aço e o melhor processo. Foram realizados dois planejamentos, um fatorial 2 e dois 2, comparando o comportamento do processo na prática em relação aos resultados teóricos de uma simulação computacional, que permite a obtenção das curvas de enriquecimento de carbono, baseado na segunda Lei de Fick, para várias condições de contorno. Os perfis teóricos de cementação apresentaram valores de profundidade efetiva próximos aos valores obtidos experimentalmente, evidenciando o planejamento realizado.
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Scandolara, Juliano Pedro. "Propriedades de argamassas obtidas pela substituição parcial de cimento Portland por rejeitos particulados de tijolos." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1771.
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This work describes the results of an investigation on the possible applications of ground waste calcined clay bricks (WCB) for use as an active partial replacement for Portland cement in mortars. The investigation has been carried out using a full factorial design for experimental design. For the study, the physical and mechanical properties along their durability of mortar produced with WCB were investigated and the results presented. Mortar mixtures were prepared using WCB as the partial replacement of Portland cement at the level 10%, 20% and 30 wt.% with water/cement ratios of 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65. The necessary data for establishing a mix proportion design and a quality control method are obtained. Properties of fresh (consistency index and specific gravity) and hardened (7-day, 28-day and 120-day compressive strength, 28-day water absorption and 28-day alkali content) mortars were evaluated on specimens. Such statistical modeling is discussed against qualitative X-ray diffraction and microstructures of some selected samples were studied using SEM. Several empirical equations, surface and contour plots for the physicalmechanical properties of fresh and hardened recycled mortar with WCB as replacement content were obtained via regression analysis. The influence of level of WCB on the properties has been established, and its suitability for use in a mortar application has been assessed. The consistency decreased in parallel to an increase in the proportion of WCB. Specific gravity of mortars was far lower than that of normal no replacement mortars. A given 28-day compressive strength (21 MPa to 37 MPa) can be achieved at several water/cement ratio and the replacement contents up to 30 wt. %, thus producing na economical mixture mortar with WCB and lower cement Portland content. XRD and SEM analyses results indicated the presence of quartz, calcite, ettringite, portlandite, and silicates in recycled mortars.
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da investigação do uso de rejeitos particulados de tijolos (RPT) na forma de pó, proveniente de tijolos de cerâmica vermelha, como substituinte parcial do cimento Portland, na produção de argamassas para construção civil. O estudo foi realizado adotando-se o projeto fatorial completo 32 acoplado com técnicas de metodologia de superfícies de resposta. Foram preparadas argamassas usando RPT em níveis de 10%, 20% e 30% (em massa), em substituição ao cimento Portland, com os níveis de relação água/cimento de 0,45, de 0,55 e 0,65. As misturas foram curadas por períodos de 7, 28 e 120 dias. As propriedades das argamassas contendo RPT no estado fresco foram avaliadas: massa específica e índice de consistência. As propriedades avaliadas das argamassas com RPT no estado endurecido foram: resistência à compressão (7, 28 e 120 dias), absorção de água aos 28 dias e teor de álcalis (CaCO3) aos 28 dias. Os resultados obtidos através da metodologia estatística foram confrontados com as análises de difração de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) de amostras selecionadas. Foram obtidas equações empíricas, gráficos de superfície de resposta e de contorno para as propriedades físico-mecânicas das argamassas com RPT no estado fresco e endurecido, por meio de análise de regressão. A consistência diminuiu linearmente com o aumento da quantidade de RPT incorporado em substituição ao cimento Portland. A massa específica das argamassas contendo RPT foi menor do que na argamassa sem RPT. Foi possível obter argamassas com resistências à compressão aos 28 dias de 21 MPa a 37 MPa para vários níveis de relação água/cimento em até 30 % de substituição de cimento Portland por RPT. Dessa forma, é possível produzir argamassas econômica e ambientalmente viáveis, a partir da substituição parcial de cimento Portland por RPT, nas dosagens estudadas. As análises de DRX e de MEV indicaram a presença do quartzo, da calcita, da etringita, da portlandita, silicatos e porosidade em amostras de argamassas selecionadas, de modo que foi possível relacionar as mesmas com a resistência à compressão das argamassas.
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Silva, Luis Carlos Cides da. "Síntese, caracterização e potenciais aplicações de materiais nanoporosos altamente ordenados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-03082007-094353/.
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Esse trabalho consiste na síntese, caracterização e potenciais aplicações de sílicas mesoporosas altamente ordenadas, estáveis térmica e hidrotermicamente. Esses materiais de estrutura cúbica do tipo FDU-1 foram sintetizados, em meio ácido, utilizando como fonte de sílica tetraetilortosilicato (TEOS) e como moldes os copolímeros tribloco B50-6600 (EO39BO47EO39) e Vorasurf 504®. Os géis de síntese foram submetidos a tratamento hidrotérmico em forno de microondas e em seguida as amostras foram calcinados em atmosfera de N2 e ar, ou submetidos à extração por solvente. Os materiais foram caracterizados por termogravimetria (TG), análise elementar, espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho, difração de raios X a baixo ângulo (SAXRD), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão de alta resolução (HRTEM), isotermas de adsorção de N2 e espectrometria de retroespalhamento de Rutherford (RBS). Os materiais FDU-1 foram empregados para o desenvolvimento dos seguintes estudos: i) aplicação do planejamento fatorial para definir um novo copolímero tribloco como direcionador de estrutura, o Vorasurf® 504, a fim de substituir o B50-6600 não mais disponível no mercado. As respostas obtidas não foram significativas num nível de 95% de confiança para as variáveis escolhidas (tempo de agitação e tempo de microondas). O estudo demonstrou que é possível diminuir o tempo de síntese do FDU-1 e ainda assim obter materiais com boas propriedades estruturais e texturais. Para os planejamentos fatoriais 22 e 23 observou-se que a variável mais importante foi a temperatura do forno de microondas usada no tratamento hidrotérmico. Contudo, a concentração de HCl e a presença do etanol da mistura de síntese não apresentaram nenhum efeito significativo em um nível de 95% de confiança; ii) encapsulação de complexos luminescentes de európio [Eu(dbm)3.TPPO] e [Eu(pic)3.2.Leu.5H2O] nas sílicas pura e/ou modificadas com 3-aminopropiltrieto-xissilano (APTES). As amostras encapsuladas mantiveram as propriedades óticas e aumentaram a resistência térmica dos complexos, ambas propriedades foram medidas por espectroscocopia de emissão e excitação na região do visível e por TG; iii) incorporação nas sílicas FDU-1 de ácido húmico com diferentes concentrações (1.0; 1.5 e 2.0 mmols) empregando forno de microondas no tratamento hidrotérmico. As amostras foram testadas para remoção de Cd2+ em solução aquosa com pH = 6. Esses materiais apresentaram uma alta capacidade de adsorção dos íons cádmio; iv) síntese uma amostra de FDU-1 utilizando-se 1,3,4 trimetilbenzeno (TMB) como agente dilatador de poros. Esse material apresentou poro com diâmetro de 11,7 nm e foi utilizado para imobilização da enzima glicose oxidase (GOX) na presença de glutaraldeído. Sua atividade, medida por espectrofotometria e quimiluminescência, foi muito próxima para as soluções puras, 601 e 629 µmol g-1, respectivamente. Para a amostra de glicose oxidase imobilizada na sílica FDU-1 a atividade enzimática, medida diretamente por quimiluminescência, foi estimada em 233 µmol g-1; v) incorporação da zeólita TS-1 nas paredes da sílica mesoporosa FDU-1 empregando tratamento hidrotérmico em forno de microondas. As amostras foram tratadas termicamente visando à cristalização da zeólita. O teste para a catálise de fenol em presença de radiação UV e H2O2 indicou que houve cerca de 90% de redução do fenol num período de 120 minutos.This work consists of the synthesis, characterization and potentials applications of highly ordered mesoporous silica, thermal and hydrothermally stable. These materials of cubic structure of type FDU-1 were synthesized, in acid media, using as silica source tetraetilortosilicate (TEOS) and as poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide)-poly-(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer B50-6600 (EO39BO47EO39) and Vorasurf 504® templates. The synthesis gels were submitted the hydrothermal treatment in microwaves oven and after that the samples were calcined under N2 and air atmosphere or submitted to the solvent extration. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), elementary analysis, infrared spectroscopy absorption, small-angle X ray diffraction (SAXRD), high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM), Nitrogen adsorption measurements and Rutherford Back-scattering spectrometry (RBS). FDU-1 materials were used for the development the following studies: i) application of the factorial design to define a new triblock copolymer as template, Vorasurf 504®, in order to substitute the triblock copolymer B50-6600, that is not more available in the market. The supplied answers were not significant in a reliable level of 95% for the selected variables (stirring time and microwave time). This study demonstrated that is possible to diminish the time of synthesis of the FDU-1 and still to get materials with good structural and texture properties. For the 22 and 23 factorial designs was observed that the most important variable was the microwave oven temperature used in the hydrothermal treatment. However, the concentration of HCl and the presence of etanol of the synthesis mixture did not show no significant effect in a reliable level of 95%; ii) encapsulation of luminescent europium complexes [Eu(DBM3.TPPO] e [Eu(pic)3.2Leu.5H2O] in the pure and/or modified silicas with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The encapsulated samples kept the optic properties and increased the thermal resistance of the complexes, both properties were measured for Excitation and emission spectra and TG; iii) incorporation of humic acid with different concentrations (1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mmols) using microwave oven in the hydrothermal treatment. The samples were tested for removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions at pH=6. These materials presented high adsorption capacity for cadmium ions; iv) synthesis of the material using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as pore expanding agent. This material with pore 11.7 nm was used for immobilization of the glucose oxidase (GOX) enzyme in the presence of glutaraldehyde. Its activity, measured by spectrofotometry and quimilumi-nescence, was very near close for the pure solutions, 601 and 629 µmol g-1, respectively. For immobilized glucose oxidase sample in silica FDU-1 the enzymatic activity, measured directly by quimiluminescence, was esteem in 233 µmol g-1; v) incorporation of TS-1 zeolite in the walls of mesoporous silica using hydrothermal treatment in microwave oven. The samples were submitted the thermal treatment for the zeolite crystallization. The test for the phenol catalysis in presence of UV radiation and H2O2 indicated that it had about 90% of phenol reduction after 120 minutes.
Книги з теми "Complete factorial design"
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1953-, Stratton Michael, and Ironbridge Institute, eds. British car factories from 1896: A complete historical, geographical, architectural & technological survey. Godmanstone, Dorset: Veloce Pub., 1993.
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Design and Analysis of Experimental Research II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0009.
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This chapter introduces the reader to more possibilities for thinking about causal questions and for laying the foundational concepts necessary for conducting data analyses that correspond to more complex experimental designs. The discussion of experimental design types presented in chapter 8 is expanded to include within-subjects designs, factorial designs, mixed designs, and designs for multivariate outcomes. Prototypical examples of each design type are presented along with the typical analysis tools used for testing the associated experimental hypotheses. Hypothetical examples of research designs that are suitable for illustrating analyses with repeated-measures ANOVA, factorial or multiway ANOVA, and MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance).
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Jaillant, Lise. Literary Rebels. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855305.001.0001.
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Abstract The first transatlantic history of creative writing programmes in universities, from the 1930s onwards. How many times have you heard that creative writing programmes are factories that produce the same kind of writers, isolated from real life? Only by escaping academia can writers be completely free. Universities are profoundly conservative places, designed to favour a certain way of writing—preferably informed by literary theory. Those who reject the creative/critical discourse of academia are the true rebels, condemned to live (or survive) in a tough literary marketplace. Conformity is on the side of academia, the story goes, and rebellion is on the other side. This book argues against the notion that creative writing programmes are driven by conformity. Instead, it shows that these programmes in the United States and Britain were founded and developed by literary outsiders, who left an enduring mark on their discipline. To this day, creative writing occupies a marginal position in Anglo-American universities. The multiplication of new programmes, accompanied by rising student enrolments, has done nothing to change that positioning. As a discipline, creative writing thrives on opposition to the mainstream university, while benefiting from what the university has to offer. Even when creative writing is located within literature departments, relationships with scholars remain uneasy. Creative writers and scholars are not, and have never been, natural bedfellows.
Частини книг з теми "Complete factorial design"
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Durner, Edward F. "The randomized complete block design." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 177–91. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0012.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on randomized complete block design (RCBD). The RCBD can be simple, holding several levels of a single treatment, or complex, holding a complicated factorial. Field experiments may be blocked due to an observed or potential gradient in the field where the experiment will be performed. The yield of four lettuce cultivars was used as an example.
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Durner, Edward F. "Factorials." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 56–66. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0007.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on factorials. Experiments involving two or more factors, each at two or more levels, are called 'factorial experiments'. There is no such thing as a factorial design. Factorial refers to treatment structure. Factorial treatment structures are combined in an efficient experimental design. When considering two or more factors, it introduces the concepts of 'main effects' and 'interactive effects' (interactions). The 'main effect' of a factor is a measure of the change in the response variable to changes in the level of the factor, averaged over all levels of all other factors in an experiment. An 'interaction' occurs when the response to various levels of one factor changes as the levels of another factor change. A single-factor experiment, with the factor 'nitrogen application rate' at four levels to evaluate strawberry yield, and modify it to now include the concept of a factorial treatment structure in a completely random design were conducted. The significance levels for time (0.0926) and rate (0.4287) were neither significant. Thus it doesn't seem to matter when nitrogen is applied or not; there is no effect of nitrogen application on strawberry yield.
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Zemroch, P. J. "KEYFINDER — A Complete Toolkit for Generating Fractional-Replicate and Blocked Factorial Designs." In Computational Statistics, 263–68. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48678-4_33.
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"Factorial Treatment Structure and Complete Factorial Designs." In Theory of Factorial Design, 85–106. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16253-11.
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"Complete Factorial Designs with Orthogonal Block Structures." In Theory of Factorial Design, 271–304. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16253-18.
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"Blocked, Split-Plot, and Strip-Plot Complete Factorial Designs." In Theory of Factorial Design, 107–30. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16253-12.
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Anderson, Virgil L., and Robert A. McLean. "2n Factorial Experiments (Complete and Incomplete Blocks)." In Design of Experiments, 225–51. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315141039-9.
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Plackett, R. L., and J. P. Burman. "The Design of Optimum Multifactorial Experiments." In Biometrika, 255–76. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198509936.003.0010.
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Abstract A problem which often occurs in the design of an experiment in physical or industrial research is that of determining suitable tolerances for the components of a certain assembly; more generally of ascertaining, the effect of quantitative or qualitative alterations in the various components upon some measured characteristic of the complete assembly. It is sometimes possible to calculate what this effect should be; but.it is to the more general case when this is not so that the methods given below apply. In such a case it might appear to be best to vary the components independently and study separately the effect of each in turn. Such a procedure, however, is wasteful either of labour or accuracy, while to carry out a complete factorial experiment (i.e. to make up assemblies of all possible combinations of the n components) would require L n assemblies, where L is the number of values (assumed constant) at which each component can appear. For L equal to 2 this number is large for moderate n and quite impracticable for n greater than, say, 10. For larger L the situation is even worse. What is required is a selection of N assemblies from the complete factorial design which will enable the component effects to be estimated with the same accuracy as if attention had been concentrated on varying a single component throughout the N assemblies.
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Pelet, Jean-Éric, and Basma Taieb. "Designing Website Interfaces for M-Commerce With Consideration for Adult Consumers." In Mobile Platforms, Design, and Apps for Social Commerce, 288–308. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2469-4.ch016.
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This chapter analyzes the interaction effects between the principal design cues of a mobile commerce website, such as background/foreground colors, font text and layout. Three experiments have been conducted based on visits to a fictitious m-commerce website. Experiment 1 manipulates the levels of color contrast: positive contrast (light text on a dark background) versus negative contrast (dark text on a light background). In experiment 2, contrast and font have been manipulated with a complete factorial plan: 2 x 2 (negative vs positive contrast x serif font vs sans serif font). Finally, contrast and layout have been manipulated in a third experimental 2 x 2 plan (negative vs positive contrast x dense vs airy layout). This research involved 219 French participants. Results show significant effects of the positive contrast (light text on a dark background) of the mobile website design on the purchase and revisit intentions of adults. Discussions about the interaction effects of design elements, limitations and directions for future research follow.
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Hector, Andy. "Factorial Designs." In The New Statistics with R, 139–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798170.003.0012.
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This chapter moves on from simple ‘one-way’ designs to more complex factorial designs. It extends the simple linear model to include interactions as well as average main effects. Interactions are assessed relative to a null additive expectation where the treatments have no effect on each other. Interactions can be positive, when effects are more than additive, or negative, when they are less than expected. The chapter considers in detail the analysis of an example data set concerning the mechanisms of loss of plant diversity following fertilizer treatment.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Complete factorial design"
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Omar, Valle-Casas, Dalazen Rafael, Cene Vinicius, and Balbinot Alexandre. "Complete factorial design experiment for 3D load cell instrumented crank validation." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319185.
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Cali`, M., G. Orsello, M. Santarelli, and P. Leone. "Experimental Activity on the Tubular SOFC CHP100 kWe Field Unit in Italy: Factor Significance, Effects and Regression Model Analysis." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95802.
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The CHP 100 kWe tubular SOFC plant built by Siemens is operating at the Gas Turbine Technologies (GTT) in Turin. The generator started up on the June 2005 and produces electric and thermal power used in the factory. A first period of the activity was needed to lead the operation of the SOFC plant at the nominal condition and to reach the complete conditioning of the SOFC tubular fuel cells. Then, in order to characterize the operation of the generator and of the cogenerative system a first experimental campaign was designed by using the factorial analysis. With these methods, the effect of some independent variables (factors) on the plant operation is analyzed in form of screening tests: the analysis allows one to estimate the significance of the main and combined effects of each considered factor through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the experimental data. Moreover, the test plan has been designed by using a simple 2k factorial and a 2k factorial with spherical central composite design (CCD); these approaches allow to obtain respectively first-order and second-order regression models for some chosen dependent variables (i.e. DC and AC electric power, generator voltage, recovered heat etc...). The test plan has been performed at the fixed generator current of 500 Amps with two repetitions for each designed treatment. The factorial analysis has been applied considering two factors (22 factorial analysis): setup temperature of the generator and fuel utilization factor. First, the significance of the main and combined effects of the two considered factor has been evaluated. Then, the obtained data have been analyzed by using the Response Surface Methodology analysis (RSM). Finally, the regression models have been obtained for every dependent variable analyzed, with an outline of the sensitivity coefficient linking the dependent and the independent variables.
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de Vries, Jaap, and Eric L. Petersen. "Design and Validation of a Reduced Test Matrix for the Autoignition of Gas Turbine Fuel Blends." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80040.
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Changes in fuel composition for both aero-engine as well as power generation applications is a topic of concern since fuel variability can have a great impact on the reliability and performance of the burner design. Autoignition experiments for a wide range of likely fuel blends containing CH4 mixed with combinations of C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12, and H2 are planned in the authors’ shock-tube laboratory. However, testing every possible fuel blend and interaction is not feasible within a reasonable time and cost. To predict the surface response over the complete mixture domain, a special experimental design has been developed reducing the amount of ‘trials’ needed significantly from 243 to only 41 using the Box-Behnkin factorial design methodology. Kinetics modeling was used to obtain numerical results for this matrix of fuel blends when applied to autoignition at a temperature of 800 K and pressure of 17 atm. A further attempt was made to reduce the 41-test matrix to a 21-test matrix. This was done using special mixture experimental techniques, and the kinetics model was used to compare the smaller matrix to the expected results of the larger one. The new 21-Test matrix produced a numerical correlation that agreed well with the results from the 41-test matrix, indicating that the smaller matrix will provide the same autoignition information as the larger one with acceptable precision.
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Jermolovicius, Luiz Alberto, Eduardo V. S. Pouzada, Edmilson R. Castro, Renata B. Nascimento, and José T. Senise. "FASTER PLASTICIZERS PRODUCTION BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9777.
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Plasticizers are esters used to confer plasticity to polymer goods. They are prepared by esterification between a carboxylic acid or anhydride and a heavy alcohol. Esterification is a very slow reaction and its batches may last more than 12 hours of processing [1]. An empirical study of maleic anhydride (MA) esterification with 2-ethyl hexanol (EHO) esterification was done to explore the non-thermal effect of microwaves [2]. In this work a complete 2^3 factorial design and a statistical regression were conducted aiming to stablish empirical complete chemical kinetic equations under microwave heating and under conventional electric heating. The result was a series of six kinetic equations, as shown in Table 1; all parameters are related to -r_MA=k_0∙exp(-E/RT)∙C_MA^nMA∙C_EHO^nEHO, T in Kelvin, and R = 1.9872 cal/mol.K. For a deeper understanding of the results a computer simulation procedure was developed to stimulate this reaction in an isothermal ideal reactor with constant process volume. Interesting numerical results lead to the conclusions that microwave enhanced this slow esterification to a fast reaction as is shown in Figure 1 in the curve labelled ‘microwave heating with 0.012 M of PTSA’.
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Linsey, J. S., M. G. Green, J. T. Murphy, K. L. Wood, and A. B. Markman. "“Collaborating To Success”: An Experimental Study of Group Idea Generation Techniques." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85351.
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Numerous concept generation methods have been developed that can assist an engineer in the initial phases of design. Unfortunately, limited empirical data is available to guide users in selecting preferred techniques. This study systematically investigates underlying factors of four well-used and documented techniques: Brainsketching, Gallery, 6-3-5, and C-Sketch. These techniques are resolved into their key parameters and a factorial experiment is performed to understand how the key parameters affect the outcomes of the techniques. The factors chosen for this study include: how ideas are displayed to participants (all are viewed at once or exchanged between participants, “rotational viewing”) and the mode used to communicate ideas (written words only, sketches only, or a combination of written words and sketches). This study also provides a method for measuring the quantity of ideas generated when the ideas are represented in the form of both sketches and words. A number of interesting findings are produced from the study. First, the study shows that individuals gain a significant number of ideas from their teammates. Ideas when shared, can foster new idea tracks, more complete layouts, and diverse synthesis. Second, the systematic exchange of a set of ideas between participants produces a greater quantity of ideas than having all ideas displayed in a gallery form. This result shows that techniques like 6-3-5 or C-Sketch, where each person views only a subset of all the team’s ideas at any given time, are more likely to produce a larger quantity of ideas than techniques where individuals can continuously view all the ideas the team has generated. Finally, as teams developed ideas, the quality improved. This result is a consequence of the teamsharing environment and, in conjunction with quantity of concepts, validates the effectiveness of group idea generation.
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Lee, Sang Hoon, and Wei Chen. "A Comparative Study of Uncertainty Propagation Methods for Black-Box Type Functions." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35533.
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It is an important step in deign under uncertainty to select an appropriate uncertainty propagation (UP) method considering the characteristics of the engineering systems at hand, the required level of UP associated with the probabilistic design scenario, and the required accuracy and efficiency levels. Many uncertainty propagation methods have been developed in various fields, however, there is a lack of good understanding of their relative merits. In this paper, a comparative study on the performances of several UP methods, including a few recent methods that have received growing attention, is performed. The full factorial numerical integration (FFNI), the univariate dimension reduction method (UDR), and the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) are implemented and applied to several test problems with different settings of the performance nonlinearity, distribution types of input random variables, and the magnitude of input uncertainty. The performances of those methods are compared in moment estimation, tail probability calculation, and the probability density function (PDF) construction. It is found that the FFNI with the moment matching quadrature rule shows good accuracy but the computational cost becomes prohibitive as the number of input random variables increases. The accuracy and efficiency of the UDR method for moment estimations appear to be superior when there is no significant interaction effect in the performance function. Both FFNI and UDR are very robust against the non-normality of input variables. The PCE is implemented in combination with FFNI for coefficients estimation. The PCE method is shown to be a useful approach when a complete PDF description is desired. Inverse Rosenblatt transformation is used to treat non-normal inputs of PCE, however, it is shown that the transformation may result in the degradation of accuracy of PCE. It is also shown that in black-box type of system the performance and convergence of PCE highly depend on the method adopted to estimate its coefficients.
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M. H. H. AL-KHAFAJI, Aseel, and Kadhim D. H. AL-JUBOURI. "INFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS BARLEY SPROUTS EXTRACT, TREHALOSE, AND CALCIUM ON CARROT FLORAL BIOLOGY." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-25.
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This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interaction on carrot floral biology traits. Results showed the effectiveness of three ways interaction treatment B1T2C1 in producing significant increases in umbel diameter (17.33, 11, 7.934 cm) and setting percentage (100, 100, 87.67%) for the first, second, third umbels respectively. While B1T2C2 produced the highest number of umbellet.umbel-1 (193, 123, 111.6) for the first, second, third umbels respectively. And the highest number of flowers. umbellet -1 for the first, second, third umbels found in B0T1C0 (167.3, 113, 48.67)
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Sullivan, Nathan P., John E. Wentz, and John P. Abraham. "Multi-Scale Modeling of Tubular Cross-Flow Microfiltration of Metalworking Fluids." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metalworking fluids are a vital part of modern machining processes but have significant negative economic, health, and environmental impacts. In-process purification of these fluids by microfiltration has been shown to reduce these impacts. This research uses a two-stage computational modeling methodology to investigate how particles within the membrane are transported from the turbulent flow within the center of the tubular membrane to the laminar sub-layer near the membrane wall and finally into the membrane pores. A macro-model of the complete flow within the tubular membrane is used to determine the steady-state flow profile within 25 microns of the membrane surface. This flow profile is then used to develop a micro-model of the flow at the membrane wall using a flat-plate assumption. The micro-model includes individual pores randomly located and sized based on statistical analysis of alumina membrane surfaces. A 23 full factorial design of experiments was used with variables of cross-flow velocity, transmembrane pressure, and membrane resistance. The responses of effective filtration region and total mass flowing through the pores were analyzed. Based on the simulation results, recommendations are made for future membrane design to provide the most efficient transport of particles from the bulk into the pores.
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Buragohain, M., and C. Mahanta. "Full Factorial Design Based ANFIS Model for Complex Systems." In 2006 Annual IEEE India Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2006.302803.
Повний текст джерела
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Pacaldo, Renato S., Miraç Aydın, and Randell Keith Amarille. "Soil CO2 Effluxes in Post-fire and Undisturbed Pinus nigra Forests: A Soil Moisture Manipulation Study." In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change impacts are driving hydrological extremes and frequent occurrences of forest fires. Whether these impacts result in dramatic changes in the soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) remains poorly understood. This study seeks to understand the changes in the soil FCO2 in recently burned forest (post-fire) and an undisturbed black pine (Pinus nigra, Arnold) forest in Türkiye. A field experiment in a three-way factorial randomized complete block design experiment was established with four replications and three factors; shaded (west) and exposed (east), types of forest fires (surface, crown, and control) and soil moisture regimes (dry, wet, and control). A dynamic survey chamber soil respiration machinery (LI-8100A) was employed to measure simultaneously the soil Fco2, the soil temperature, and the soil moisture for a total duration of one-year. The soil FCO2 showed significant differences among treatments (p<0.0001), time (p<0.0001), and moisture regimes (p<0.0001), but not with the interaction effects between treatment and time (p = 0.0058), aspects (p = 0.95410), and types of forest fires (p = 0.0059). A dry soil in the crown fire site situated in the exposed aspect exhibited a significantly different and lowest soil FCO2 compared to other treatments. No statistically significant differences in the FCO2 in the wet soil were detected among treatments. The soil and air temperatures showed a strongly positive correlation (r = 0.78), suggesting that a near-surface air temperature provides a good approximation of the soil temperature. This piece of information is a vital input for the projection of future trajectory of soil CO2 emissions and conservation of C stocks in the forest fire and undisturbed forests.