Дисертації з теми "Competency independency"
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Lava, Cavassa Claudio. "La independencia del convenio arbitral y el competence- competence en el arbitraje comercial internacional." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109262.
Повний текст джерелаTurner, T. Johanna H. "Instrumental competency socialization and young adult occupational aspirations : perceptions of independence and achievement orientation in the family environment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31153.
Повний текст джерелаEducation, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
Nilsson, Sofie, and Gabriella Isaksson. "Påverkar revisionsbyråernas arbete med kompetensutveckling medarbetarnas resultat på revisorsexamen." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14789.
Повний текст джерелаABSTRACT Title: Does the auditor firms work with competence development affecton the employees results on auditor exam? Level: Final assignment for Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration Author: Gabriella Isaksson, Sofie Wallberg Supervisor: Per-Arne Wikström Date: 2013-03-21 Aim: The purpose is to describe how accountancy firms can work with competence development activities to make their employees to succeed on auditor examination and become approved auditors. Method: We studied the theories of competence development and examined how accounting firms work with competence development. We also developed a model tailored to their work and carried out a survey consisting of both openand closed questions to examinees from the Big-4 firms who wrote an accountant exam with passing grade during the autumn of 2011 or spring of 2012. Result & Conclusions: It turned out that a number of competence development factors, including education and monitoring, were significant for examinees performance on auditor examination. Other factors, such as performance reviews and coaching, was not significant for the performance but was more significant in other contexts. Suggestions for future research: Examine the impact of competence development for "higher auditor examination". Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to a better understanding of the impact that the different competence development has on the performance of the auditor examination and gives accounting firms an opportunity and tools to help their employees to achieve a passing grade through planning. Key words: Competence, independence, competence development, auditor examination, approved auditor.
Lucio, Ahuad Juan Pablo. "Visión crítica del funcionamiento, competencia e independencia de los juzgados de polícia local." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110927.
Повний текст джерелаLa presente investigación tiene por objetivo principal dar al lector una visión crítica al sistema de Juzgados de Policía Local y a los desafíos a los cuales se ven expuestos en la realidad chilena contemporánea. Del mismo modo, la presente obra está dirigida a resolver las siguientes interrogantes: 1.- Si los Juzgados de Policía Local son o no Tribunales de la República y si se ajustan a la Constitución y las Leyes. 2.- Si dichos juzgados pertenecen o no al Poder Judicial. 3.- Determinar qué normativa legal se les aplica desde el punto de vista orgánico. 4.- Identificar y analizar los posibles conflictos de intereses entre los Juzgados de Policía Local y las municipalidades en que funcionan. 5.- Factibilidad de aplicar el modelo español de Jueces de Paz en Chile. En cuanto al método ocupado, se trata de una investigación documental, pues la información fue recogida básicamente de fuentes escritas, tales como tratados y manuales, artículos de opinión e informes de expertos, entre otros. El estudio abarcará una fase de tipo descriptivo, identificando elementos y características del problema, dada la novedad que presenta en su escaso desarrollo académico y literario, y su vinculación con aspectos del Derecho Procesal contingente Los resultados obtenidos de la presente investigación, señalaron que el sistema de Juzgado de Policía Local se encuentra en crisis, haciéndose necesario una reforma de fondo que agilice y satisfaga los requerimientos que en la actualidad se evidencian como necesarios para la buena administración de Justicia de Policía Local.
Arms, Deborah Lucas. "The relationship between maternal characteristics and the development of social competence and independence in the preschool child /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487335992905595.
Повний текст джерелаAroca, Moya Alexandra Dafne. "Análisis de la Independencia de los Organismos Antimonopolio en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102303.
Повний текст джерелаBrown, Christopher J. "Developing a common understanding of a teacher competency framework through video analysis : experiences of Victorian regional independent middle school teachers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/153.
Повний текст джерелаВовк, В. В. "Організаційно-методичні підходи до формування компетентностей учнів старших класів (на прикладі Буринської ЗОШ I-III ступенiв № 3 Буринської міської ради Сумської області)". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/71894.
Повний текст джерелаВ работе рассмотрены организационно-методические подходы к системе получения общего среднего образования. Работа выполнена на примере Бурынской общеобразовательной школы I-III ступеней № 3 Бурынского городского совета Сумской области. Проанализированы основные принципы оценки компетенций учащихся украинских школ. Проведено анкетирование учителей исследуемой школы на предмет определения методов оценки компетенций старшеклассников. Обоснована необходимость совершенствования системы формирования ключевых компетенций выпускников школ. Сформирована «Модель компетенций выпускника» и усовершенствовано определение «компетентность выпускника». Предложены рекомендации по внедрению новых методов повышения компетенций учащихся старших классов.
The article deals with the organizational and methodical approaches to the system of obtaining a general secondary education. The research is based on Buryn secondary school I-III degrees No. 3 of Buryn town council of Sumy region. The basic principles of assessment of competences of pupils of Ukrainian schools are analyzed. A questionnaire was conducted for the teachers of the school under study to determine the methods for assessing the competences of senior pupils. The necessity of improving the system of key competences formation of school graduates is justified. The “Model of competencies of the graduate” was formed and the definition of “competence of the graduate” was improved. Recommendations on the implementation of new methods for competences improvement of senior pupils are suggested.
Smith, Tessa L. "Conformity Orientation, the Interpersonal Communication Control Motive, and Parent-child Dynamics." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1209417959.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Chi-kong. "A structured learning activity : using web browsing & publishing for the development of independent learning, IT competence & higher-order thinking /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20058007.
Повний текст джерелаZhu, Danhua. "Independent and interdependent self-construals as moderators of links between parents' beliefs about emotions and their emotion socialization behaviors in Chinese families." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90900.
Повний текст джерелаM.S.
Centered around the process through which parents socialize children’s social and emotional competence (emotion socialization, ES), the current study examined how parents’ beliefs about children’s emotions associated with their ES reactions, how their beliefs together with their perceptions of self (self-construal) related to their ES reactions, and how their ES reactions associated with their children’s behaviors in a Chinese sample. Seventy-five Chinese parents (65 mothers, 10 fathers) with children from 7- to 11-year-old (43 girls, 32 boys) completed Chinese versions of questionnaires about their beliefs about children’s emotions, their ES reactions, their self-construal, their perceptions of children’s behaviors, and some demographic information. The associations aforementioned were tested. Chinese parents perceived themselves as both unique entities (independent self-construal) and connected with others (interdependent self-construal), with a higher level of interdependent self-construal. Parents’ endorsement of independent self-construal may spotlight their beliefs about children’s pride and anger, which in turn induce more ES reactions that are consistent with their beliefs. Parents’ interdependent self-construal was related to their ES reactions to children’s feelings of love and shame/guilt. Parents’ nonsupportive reactions to children’s anger and pride were related to children’s higher competence, which suggests that Chinese society may endorse the inhibition of emotions. Overall, findings contributed to the understanding of cross-cultural differences of parental ES between American and Chinese families and the impact of their perceptions of self on their ES reactions.
Nordholm, Elin, and Anette Björkstrand. "To issue or not to issue a going concern opinion : A study of factors and incentives influencing auditors’ ability and decision to issue going concern opinions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226641.
Повний текст джерелаBraunbeck, Guillermo Oscar. "Determinantes da qualidade das auditorias independentes no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-04112010-161444/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is to investigate the potential determinants of audit quality in Brazil. Such determinants were defined by using the theoretical perspective of Arruñadas (1997) model, expanded in the dimension of auditors professional competence. Furthermore, in order to empirically test the determinants of audit quality for Brazilian listed companies between 1998 and 2008, an original construct (Audit Quality Index IQUA) has been developed. Results from such tests suggest that audit quality is lower when agency conflicts between controlling and non-controlling shareholders are higher and when auditors tenure is higher. Moreover, evidence obtained from empirical testing indicated that the so-called Big-N audit firms, as well as specialized auditors, offer higher quality audit services to their clients.
Shihao, Tang, and Shen Shen. "Commercialization and Audit quality : Evidence from Chinese audit market." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20040.
Повний текст джерелаMasselink, Saralyn Marie. "What is culture? What is compentency? What is Latino? : an exploratory study of clinicians' perceptions and practice of cultural competency with Latino clients : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5910.
Повний текст джерелаKleberg, Jens, and Moa Sundelius. "Påverkar revisorns kompetens och oberoende träffsäkerheten av givna fortlevnadsvarningar?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148860.
Повний текст джерелаBakgrund Enligt god revisionssed ska revisorer utfärda en fortlevnadsvarning i revisionsberättelsen om det råder tvivel angående klientens förmåga till fortsatt drift. Träffsäkerheten har i tidigare studier visat sig vara låg, då de flesta företag som får en fortlevnadsvarning inte går i konkurs och de flesta företag som går i konkurs inte har fått en fortlevnadsvarning. Tidigare studier har främst fokuserat på om företag som går i konkurs har fått en fortlevnadsvarning och denna studie fokuserar därför på typ I-fel, alltså att företag som fått en fortlevnadsvarning inte går i konkurs. Syfte Syftet med studien är att förklara om revisorns kompetens och oberoende påverkar träffsäkerheten av givna fortlevnadsvarningar. Dessutom syftar studien till att undersöka om träffsäkerheten påverkas av att tidsfördröjningen är längre än 12 månader efter fortlevnadsvarningen. Metod Studien har en deduktiv ansats och utgår från tidigare forskning, vilket legat till grund för studiens tre hypoteser. Vidare har studien en tvärsnittsdesign, där det kvantitativa datamaterialet främst har hämtats från svenska aktiebolags årsredovisningar. Slutsats Resultatet tyder på att revisorns kompetens och oberoende påverkar träffsäkerheten av givna fortlevnadsvarningar och att ökad tidsfördröjning har positiv påverkan på träffsäkerheten. Studien bidrar med en utvidgad definition av träffsäkerhet och visar på en signifikant skillnad i träffsäkerhet mellan de större revisionsbyråerna.
Book, Jonathan, and Cecilia Söderström. "Digitaliseringens betydelse för hoten gällande revisorernas oberoende : - En fråga för framtiden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29942.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract Title: The importance of digitalization regarding the threats upon the auditors’ independence - A question for the future. Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Jonathan Book and Cecilia Söderström Supervisor: Tomas Källquist and Pär Vilhelmsson Date: 2019 – june Aim: Previous research shows a number of threats that may affect the auditors’ independence. There was a lack in the previous research, more specifically regarding the importance of digitalization upon these threats. The aim is thus to give an increased understanding of the significance of digitalization on the auditors’ independence with a focus on friendship threat, self-audit threat and IT-competence threat. Method: Our study is based on a social constructivist and hermeneutic approach, we have also used a qualitative method since our intention was to increase the understanding of the reader. Our theoretical framework is based on previous research and the empirical material of the study was collected through ten semi-structured interviews with auditors from two different audit firms. In order to analyze theoretical framework and empirical material, a thematization was made. Result & Conclusions: The study shows that digitalization has a significant impact on all of our chosen threats upon the auditors’ independence, our study also shows that the self-audit threat is the most topical one. There are also signs that the IT-competence threat is not a threat to auditors’ independence, but more likely a threat upon the audit risks. Contribution of the thesis: We have examined three threats against the independence of the auditors through prior research: friendship threat, self-audit threat and IT-competence threat. From a theoretical view we found that the threats increase due to digitalization. We saw new communication tools as a contributing factor to the increase of friendship threat, as for the self-audit threat could we see in both prior research and the empirical material that consulting and advisory services increases due to digitalization. Regarding the IT-competence threat we saw an increasement along with digitalization, but we see a difference in prior research and our empirical material where as it is a threat against the independence or if it is a threat upon audit risk. Suggestions for future research: There is a need to continue to study the competence threat against the independence of the auditors as the black box remains unsolved due to the different opinions between our theoretical framework and our empirical material. We suggest that future research can continue where we left off and more extensive examine the threat with different angles such as opinions of norm-making bodies on the threat. Key words: Audit, Digitalization, Independence, Friendship threat, Self-audit threat, IT-competence threat
Chama, Samson. "Program Approach for Childheaded Households in Zambia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1614.
Повний текст джерелаMcCoy, Maria Angelica. "Undocumented Latino immigrants' opinions on seeking counseling from non-Latino clinicians and their views of what would constitute culturally competent services a project based upon an independent investigation /." Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/998.
Повний текст джерелаThesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-70).
Alenius, Anna-Ida, and Elin Lundberg. "Längden på revisionsuppdraget och revisionskvaliteten : Finns det något samband?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73608.
Повний текст джерелаRevisorers oberoende i förhållande till sina klienter har under de senaste åren med anledning av finanskrisen samt de omtalade revisionsskandalerna medfört diskussioner om huruvida den befintliga lagstiftningen som reglerar revisorers arbete är tillräcklig. Det har även diskuterats om det behöver vidtas ytterligare åtgärder för att säkerställa revisorernas oberoende. Som ett led att stärka revisorernas oberoende har Europeiska Kommissionen lagt på förslag att införa obligatorisk byrårotation för publika bolag. Det har redan införts obligatorisk revisorsrotation. Dock anser emellertid kommissionen att detta inte är tillräckligt, då långa revisionsbyråuppdrag kan vara skadliga för oberoendet på grund av att det med tiden kan skapas en vänskaplig relation mellan revisionsbyrån och klienten. Majoriteten av tidigare forskning på området har emellertid inte funnit stöd för att varken långa partneruppdrag eller byråuppdrag skulle vara skadliga för revisionskvaliteten som omfattar revisorers oberoende. I studien undersöks således huruvida det finns ett samband mellan längden på revisionsuppdraget och revisionskvaliteten. Studiens syfte är därmed att undersöka om längden på partneruppdraget och byråuppdraget påverkar revisionskvaliteten. Utifrån studiens resultat syftar studien även till att kommentera rimligheten i Europeiska Kommissionens förslag på införandet av obligatorisk byrårotation. Studien utgår ifrån ett intressentperspektiv, eftersom det i slutändan är intressenter såsom aktieägare, investerare, långivare, anställda, kunder och staten som drabbas av de negativa konsekvenserna av att revisorer inte är oberoende i sin granskning, då tillförlitligheten till årsredovisningarna minskar. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna baseras på tidigare forskning inom revision och företagsekonomi. I studien tillämpas teorier och tidigare forskningsresultat som främst gäller revisionskvalitet, vinstmanipulering och längden på partner- samt byråuppdraget i syfte att beskriva den befintliga forskningen som vid tiden för studien behandlar ämnet. En kvantitativ metod med ett deduktivt angreppssätt efter den positivistiska synssättet har använts för att på bästa möjliga sätt undersöka studiens uppställda problem och syfte. Urvalet består av publika bolag börsnoterade på NASDAQ OMX Nordics Large, Mid och Small Cap listor. I linje med tidigare studier används oväntade periodiseringar beräknad utifrån branschtillhörighet som mått på revisionskvalitet. Resultaten visar att partnerlängden är signifikant negativt associerad med de absoluta oväntade periodiseringarna när endast företag reviderade av Big 4 studeras, vilket indikerar att revisorer begränsar företagsledningens möjlighet att genomföra extrema redovisningsbeslut i takt med att längden på partneruppdraget ökar. Resultaten ger inget stöd för att långa byråuppdrag påverkar revisionskvaliteten negativt, detta då inga signifikanta samband observerades. Studiens resultat visar även att korta revisionsuppdrag överlag har högre oväntade periodiseringar i förhållande till längre uppdrag. Studien ger således inget stöd för införandet av obligatorisk byrårotation.
Engdahl, Ebba, and der Bilt Jacqueline van. "Kommunal revision : Den outforskade relationen mellan förtroendevalda och externa revisorer." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18373.
Повний текст джерелаThe municipal audit system in Sweden consists of political appointed and external auditors that together audit the municipality's accounts and management. The municipal council elects politically appointed auditors, which are assisted by external auditors in order to fulfill their assignment according to the Swedish municipal law. The majority of the municipalities acquire external auditors from PwC, KPMG or EY. The relationship between the political and the external auditors is unexplored and the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between the political and the external auditors, and examine how the cooperation works and to whom the audit system creates value for. Three political auditors and four external auditors from three municipalities were interviewed. Based on the empirical material, three aspects of the relationship have been identified: the origin of the relation, the relationship's configuration and the relationship's final output. The relationship begins when the municipality selects an external audit firm. The relationship's configuration is influenced by five elements: reliance, competence, independence, earlier work performance and trust. The political auditors experience a high level of confidence in the work made by the external auditors, as the external auditors construct the audit reports on behalf of the political auditors. Competence, independence and earlier work performance have an impact on the extent of reliance and trust is of great importance for an effective collaboration. The output of the relationship is an audit report that is intended to be of value for both the council and the public.
Lindgren, Elin, and Toro Pia Saez. "Hur påverkas revisorers professionella skepsis av tidspress respektive granskning av redovisning till verkligt värde?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-29018.
Повний текст джерелаProfessional skepticism is a prerequisite for a functioning audit and to maintain the quality of the audit it is required by the auditors to be professionally skeptical. There are several factors that affect how auditors can maintain the quality of the audit. Time budget pressure, for example, has shown to have a negative impact on audit quality since the auditors as a result of time budget pressure may show dysfunctional behavior. This means that auditors may spend less time that is actually required to perform a good audit. Furthermore, there is a challenge for the auditors in auditing fair value measurements if there is no active market for the asset or liability and when the fair value is calculated using internal estimates and calculations.Previous studies have examined how time pressure and audit of fair value measurements have affected audit quality, but not how auditors’ professional skepticism is directly affected by these two factors, despite the fact that professional skepticism is a prerequisite for a good audit quality. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how the auditor's professionalskepticism is affected by these two selected factors.To answer the aim of the study questionnaires was sent out to a total of 3477 Swedish qualified auditors and we got 132 useful answers. The questionnaire included background information of the respondent, questions about auditor's professional skepticism, audit of fair value measurements and time budget pressure. These questions formed the base of the study's analysis and conclusionThe results indicate that auditors does not experience great time budget pressure but feel that the time budgets are relatively attainable although they still to a certain extent show dysfunctional behavior as a result of time budget pressure. The result also indicates that auditors feel that they face challenges when auditing fair value measurements. Further, we canbased on the result conclude that neither time budget pressure nor audit of fair value measurements strongly influence auditors’ professional skepticism. The results however, show a weak negative correlation between professional skepticism and audit of fair value measurements. The study's low response rate of 3.8 percent means that the results must be interpreted with great caution.
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Dahlen, Pierre, and Patrijote Leka. "Revisionspaketets införande : Hur påverkas revisionskvaliteten?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34390.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study is to describe and increase the understanding of how the three parts from the audit package; restriction of non-audit services, mandatory audit firm rotation and the new audit report, might affect the the audit quality in the Swedish context. To achieve our purpose a qualitative approach has been used, based on interviews with a professor in auditing, six licensed auditors and the secretary-general of FAR. Through analysis of the empirical data with the support from previous research we have concluded how the three parts of the audit package have affected the audit quality in Swedish context. The results concluded that the introduction of restricted non-audit services and the mandatory audit firm rotation have a positive effect on the auditor’s visible independence but a negative impact on the auditor’s competence which means that the real audit quality is affected negatively, while the experience of the audit quality increases. This shows the difficulty to determine exactly how the audit quality is affected, because the two main factors that determines the audit quality is affected differently. The real audit quality is considered to increase with the increasing terms of office with the client, because of the auditor’s heightened competence that comes with the longer terms of office. Finally the new audit report is considered to have a positive impact on the audit quality since it’s more informative and highlights significant risk areas within the company which heightens the experience of the audit quality. To subsequently heighten the audit quality it is important to understand what effect increasing regulations have and understand that the auditor practically can’t be completely independent.
Gautrat, Pierre. "Régulation de la nodulation symbiotique fixatrice d’azote par des peptides de signalisation chez Medicago truncatula Compact Root Architecture 2 Promotes Root Competence for Nodulation through the miR2111 Systemic Effector Independent Regulation of Symbiotic Nodulation by the SUNN Negative and CRA2 Positive Systemic Pathways Unraveling new molecular players involved in the autoregulation of nodulation in Medicago truncatula." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB033.
Повний текст джерелаAs sessile organisms, plants benefit of a high developmental plasticity through the maintenance of active meristems during their whole life cycle to adapt to environmental constraints. Shoots and roots are subjected to independent environmental stimuli that must be integrated at the whole plant level to coordinate growth and development of these different organs, implying the existence of endogenous systemic (long-distance) signals. Legume plants besides forming lateral roots, are also able to form new root organs, the nitrogen-fixing nodules, thanks to a symbiotic interaction with bacteria called rhizobia when mineral nitrogen availability is limited in the soil. However, formation and maintenance of nodules is energetically costly and must be tightly controlled by the host plant through hormonal signalling pathways in order to inhibit or to promote nodulation depending on its needs. Peptide hormones from the CLE (Clavata3 (CLV3)/Embryo Surrounding Region) and CEP (C-terminally Encoded Peptide) families, produced in roots, were notably identified as regulating systemically nodulation, respectively negatively and positively, depending on the SUNN (Super Numeric Nodules) and CRA2 (Compact Root Architecture 2) receptors in shoots, respectively. The problematic of this Ph.D. thesis was therefore to investigate how signalling peptides regulate nodulation locally and systemically. To this end, two objectives were defined: 1) to identify molecular mechanisms linked to the CLE/SUNN and CEP/CRA2 systemic pathways; 2) to characterize new CLE peptides regulating nodulation. First, I participated in demonstrating that the CLE/SUNN and CEP/CRA2 systemic pathways act independently to regulate antagonistically nodulation. Then, molecular effectors acting in roots downstream of the CLE/SUNN pathway were identified, revealing a link with NFs (Nod Factors) receptors and with F-box proteins called TML1 (Too Much Love 1) and TML2, and both TML proteins were shown to regulate negatively nodulation. Finally, a shared downstream actor of the CLE/SUNN and CEP/CRA2 pathway was identified: the miR2111. This microRNA, produced in shoots, is regulated antagonistically by the two systemic pathways, and cleaves TML transcripts in roots, therefore controlling nodule number depending on nitrogen and rhizobial cues. The second Ph.D. thesis objective allowed highlighting a CLE peptide which expression is induced in the root epidermis by symbiotic conditions: CLE37. This gene encodes a TDIF (Tracheary Element Differentiation Inhibitory Factor) peptide, and RNA silencing as well as mutagenesis approaches revealed that it is required to modulate root development in response to rhizobia, inhibiting primary root growth and enhancing stele root diameter. The recruitment of the CLE37 signalling peptide could thus allow accommodating root development to support symbiotic nitrogen fixation needs
Allafi, Mousa. "La cour pénale internationale et le conseil de sécurité : justice versus maintien de l'ordre." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe international criminal Court system (ICC) whose mission is to ensure international justice, is based on a close relationship with the security Council. So it is proper to wonder about the Council’s role in the functioning of international criminal justice. Such a questionning is fundamental, for the intervention of a political body into the functioning of a judicial body calls into question the missions of both institutions. The Council’s interference in the activity of the ICC, based on its mission of maintaining international peace, is actually carried out on behalf of an international order intended by the Council itself. This role affects the functioning, the independence and even the impartiality of the ICC. The powers the Rome Statute gives to the Council allow it to refer to the ICC, to impose for the States to cooperate with the Court, to suspend its activity or also to qualify an act as a crime of aggression. However the relations between the Council and the ICC should not be subordinated, but maintained in mutual respect. Thus there is a real concern regarding the observance of the Rome Statute by the Council. The study highlights the conflict between justice and politics and reveals the current issues in terms of international criminal justice
Azemikhah, Homayoon. "The Double Heuristic Method: perspectives on how teachers deal with an alternative model for teaching in the VET sector." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/86274.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Education, 2013
CHUNG, CHIU-CHU, and 鍾秋菊. "Evaluation on Supporting-Independent Competence of Care Workers - From Strength Perspective." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48m68d.
Повний текст джерела輔仁大學
跨專業長期照護碩士學位學程在職專班
106
More and more people are diagnosed with dementia in Taiwan as it moves toward an aging society. Care workers who work in a Group Home which is specially designed to accommodate the needs of dementia patients is thought to be the main force in combating dementia. These care workers aim to provide cares that may enhance the quality of life of the dementia patients while preserving the respect and dignity these patients deserve. Currently, there are few trainings that are specifically designed to prepare care workers to better care for dementia patients. Without extensive knowledge and proper training, the competency of these care workers urgently needs improvement. This study focused on the viewpoint of strength and aimed to provide the proper trainings that enables care workers’ability in supporting-independence competences. The objectives of the study were, after the intervention of supporting-independence competences training, to 1.Improve the knowledge and ability of supporting-independence competences for care workers; 2.To enhance the skill application of supporting-independence competences for care workers; and 3. to improve the awareness of the care workers. This study is designed to be a qualitative study. We conducted a training course of supporting-independence competences for eight care workers (trainees) at a unspecified Group Home facility in northern Taiwan. The training course was comprised of six core modules that were taught in a group setting at one module per week. At the conclusion of the fourth modules, the research presented two to four cases to discuss with each trainee. Course effectiveness was evaluated in the same week following the conclusion of the training. Methods of collecting data included group and individual conversation using semi-structured interview method as guidelines. Findings: Through the conversation with and feedbacks from the trainee, we concluded that the training program have a positive impact and that the strength perspective is invaluable to the care of dementia patients. We derived the following conclusions after the study: 1.general knowledge (know-how) and skills of supporting-independence competences of care workers improved. These include (1) Change the relationship with dementia patient: maintain mutual interaction with the dementia patient through patient independence and division of labor; (2) Modify work method: work with the dementia patients to find the best method to resolve obstacles and improve effectiveness by having meaningful discussion with the patients (3) Focus on core concept: treat dementia patients with dignity and respect their choices in every aspect of their daily life; (4) Enhance care competency: constantly maintain an open mind to try to accommodate the need of the patient; (5) Integration of resources: recognize patient’s value and reflect the understanding in their daily life; (6) self-break through: express praise and appreciation. 2.Supporting-independence competences of care workers enhanced, including (1) More accurate assessment and improved planning; multiple assessment, demonstrate supporting-independence; 2. Show of strength perspective: from "need" to "want"; 3.Self-awareness of care worker is enhanced, including (1) Self-awareness: consciously manage the care and resources; (2) Innovation Self-value: self-recognition and positive feeling causes improved professional potential; (3) Embrace new ideas: enjoy work and be sensitive and attentive to the need of patients; be attentive to their environments; try to achieve mutual understanding and thrive for positive interaction. The results of the study demonstrated the importance in providing training for care workers to improve their supporting-independence competences. Such training, as shown through the study results, is extremely effective in improving the living quality of patients with dementia. This study provides reference for the future implementation of enhance competences of care workers. Keywords: care worker, supporting-independent, Dementia, Strength perspective
黃長安. "The Independence and Competence of Directors, Directors’and Officers’ Liability Insurance and Restated Financial Statement." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58636011444984308672.
Повний текст джерела國立彰化師範大學
會計學系
99
Abstract Recently, many enterprise frauds were happened regularly which led to a numerous loss of investors’ wealth. This generates the concern of investors and regulators about public investors’ right and protection. With the awareness of public investors’ protection, the suit cases of enterprise directors and material officers have increased continuously. Hence, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (D&O) becomes more important and higher demand. Besides, the board of directors is the core of corporate governance and has a crucial influence. As a result, this study compares the independence and competence of directors and officers with the awareness of purchase of D&O. Moreover, this study tests the association between the purchase of D&O and financial statement quality. The samples of this study are chose from the listed companies in Taiwan during the period 2008 to 2009. The result of this study reveals a significant positive association among the independence of directors and officers and the purchase of D&O. In other words, the Director is more independence in the company which is more likely to purchase of D&O. Conversely, there are few evidences to prove that a positive association between the competence of directors and officers and the purchase of D&O. Another finding is that the company is more likely to purchase D&O when there is at least one Director or officer who is expertise in the company. Nonetheless, the study also discloses that the willingness of purchase of D&O is decreasing when the tenure of directors’ and officers’ is longer. Finally, the study does not find a significant association among the purchase of D&O and the financial restatement. This means that there is no evidence to support that the purchase of D&O is able to decrease the financial restatement.
Alphonce, Carl G. "Towards an explanatory division of competence and performance : a language-independent parsing scheme." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2075.
Повний текст джерелаHe, Sih-Ying, and 何思穎. "Research on Youth’s Competence of Independent Living From Social Worker’s Perspectives in Northern Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54385459821982261126.
Повний текст джерела中國文化大學
社會福利學系
99
Abstract The operation of children and teenager placement center has been carried out for many years. While the children and teenager in placement gradually grow up, and the chance to back home is increasingly slim, it is imperative for these teenagers to be independent. Additionally, as the government has been paying more and more attention to the situation of teenager’s independent living in recent years, the study aims to look into the views of social workers in children and teenager placement centers on teenager’s independent living and the experiences in the course of services -offering through in-depth interview. There are four objectives of the study: 1) To understand the views of social workers in children and teenager placement on teenager’s independent living, 2) to look into the satiation of the assistance being provided by placement centers, 3) to discuss the experiences of social workers in children and teenager placement in helping them build up independent living ability and 4) to anticipate that the result of the study could be offered to relevant departments for the references practically and administratively; the conclusion of the social workers’ experiences in the study is expected to be the practical references for relevant departments when making the policies. According to the research, social workers consider that the independent living ability of teenagers shall include 4 aspects, namely life skills, education, employment, and physical and mental development. Particularly, life skills also cover self-management, interpersonal communication skills, household management, financial management, use of transportation, basic law knowledge, the use of social resources and establishment of supporting network and accommodation arrangement. As a result, the study suggests that apart from working out an independent living indicator, the relevant departments shall had better draw out a united independent living programs for the nation to guarantee the rights and interests of social workers and teenagers.
Lu, Chia-Chen, and 呂佳臻. "Analyze the Differences of the Core Competency Between Independent Personnel-Affairs System and HR Account Service Officer System." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8h27ju.
Повний текст джерела國立彰化師範大學
人力資源管理研究所
107
The purpose of this study is trying to analyze the differences of the core competency between Independent personnel-affairs system and HR Account Service Officer system, meanwhile, provides the authority the necessary personnel services for government management needed. Questionnaire survey is used in this study. The personnel staff of Changhua County are the main subjects, totally 161 subjects used. The result reveals that the personnel staff were highly satisfied with the "customer service" aspect of the core competency of the personnel staff. Most personnel staff believe that "active service attitude" is the most important factor and "the ability to enhance the knowledge of human resources through self-learning" is secondly important factor and eagerly need in our government now. In addition, sincerely hope, thru this research, we can provide government agencies suggestions about staff training curriculums and processes, which are discussed in detail in this article.
Donsky, Tracy Ann. "Mental health and developmental factors related to juvenile adjudicative competence a project based upon an independent investigation /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/9856.
Повний текст джерелаLim, Bee-Yen, and 林美燕. "A Study on the Construction of Core Competence Indicators for the Chinese Independent High School Students in Malaysia." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7qwd5d.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
技術及職業教育研究所
101
The study aims to construct a set of indicators for the core competence for Independent High School students in Malaysia. The research goals include (1) developing a framework for the core competence of Independent High School students and (2) constructing a comparative system of relative weight for core competence. In order to achieve these research goals, the study first explored the content of the Independent High School education reform agenda through interviews with experts in education, at the same time checking if the competence model employed is appropriate for the study. Afterwards, 21 experts were invited to answer three Delphi Technique questionnaires, which are based on the competence model, in order to select core competence indicators appropriate for Independent High School students. The first questionnaire ranked the original 164 items in the competence model for their appropriateness. The second questionnaire evaluated the importance of each competence indicator by means of Likert scale and adjusted the content of each indicator accordingly. The third questionnaire provided a final check and integration for the competence indicators. The study continued to calculate the relative weight of each indicator through Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) so as to present where falls the consensus of experts’ opinions on the competence indicators. After these steps, the construction of the core competence indicators for Independent High School students has been accomplished. In the study, all the distributed questionnaires were answered and the data were calculated and analyzed by EXCEL 2010 and the AHP function of SDI software. The study results are concluded below: 1. The framework of competence indicators as developed in the study consists of four levels. The first level is the indicators for the core competence of Independent High School students in Malaysia. The second level includes three aspects: motivation, personality, and mentality. The third level is the 9 core competence indicator sets which are the most critical sets for this study. They are: 1) self-management and adaptability; 2) results orientation; 3) interpersonal skills; 4) communication; 5) team skills; 6) team leadership; 7) problem-solving and decision-making; 8) global and diversity mindset; 9) strategic thinking. And the fourth level is the 69 specific items for the competence indicators. 2. A system of relative weight for each indicator has been organized through calculation, and each competence indicator is based on the consensus of experts.
Hiang, Tee Chew, and 鄭洲文. "A Study on the Relationship between Self-Directed Learning Readiness and Lifelong Learning Key Competence of Malaysian Independent High School Teachers." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03800119756555394109.
Повний текст джерела國立暨南國際大學
諮商心理與人力資源發展學系終身學習與人力資源發展研究所
104
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among self-directed learning readiness and lifelong learning key competence of Malaysian Independent High School teachers. There are four research purposes: (1) To understand the conditions of self-directed learning readiness and lifelong learning key competence of Malaysian Independent High School teachers. (2)To analyze the difference between self-directed learning readiness and lifelong learning key competence with the variables of different personal background of Malaysian Independent High School teachers. (3)To investigate the correlations of self-directed learning readiness and lifelong learning key competence of Malaysian Independent High School teachers. (4)To comprehend the predictive circumstances of self-directed learning readiness and lifelong learning key competence. The questionnaire survey method was adopted in the study. The study discussed the relevant theories and researches, and the literature was offered as a frame for reference. A survey contained scales of self-directed learning readiness and lifelong was distributed to the teachers in Malaysian Independent High Schools. A total of 206 valid surveys were obtained. The result of the questionnaire was analyzed by using SPSS 22.0, and statistics methods, including reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA analysis, Pearson product correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The conclusions of this study are as below: 1.Degree of the self-directed learning readiness was high to the Malaysian Independent High School teachers, especially the dimension of “Independence and Creative learning”. 2.Degree of the lifelong learning key competence was high to the Malaysian Independent High Schools teachers, especially the dimension of “Learning to know and Learning to be”. 3.Degree of the self-directed learning readiness to the Malaysian Independent High Schools teachers was significant in the variables of marital status and educational attainment. 4.Degree of the lifelong learning key competence to the Malaysian Independent High School teachers was significant in the variables of educational attainment. 5.The correlation between self-directed learning readiness and lifelong learning key competence was positive, while “effective learning” was the most predictive factor. 6.In the dimensions of the self-directed learning readiness, the “effective learning” was the most significantly predictive variable in the lifelong learning key competence of the Malaysian Independent High School teachers.
Ditedu, Anthony Lehlohonolo. "The doctrine of separability in respect of the arbitration clause of a contract :|ba comparative study of English law and South African law / Anthony Lehlohonolo Ditedu." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13319.
Повний текст джерелаLLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
RAZIMOVÁ, Veronika. "Proces rozhodování v etickém kontextu jako výchovný úkol u žáků 8. a 9. tříd." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172613.
Повний текст джерелаLatter, S., A. Smith, Alison Blenkinsopp, P. Nicholls, P. Little, and S. R. Chapman. "Are nurse and pharmacist independent prescribers making clinically appropriate prescribing decisions? An analysis of consultations." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6062.
Повний текст джерелаHong, Tan Sin, and 陳新宏. "The study of the relationship between the competence of administrative digitization and the operation of informative management system based on Pay-Fong Independent Middle School in Malaysia." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10262861279810203143.
Повний текст джерела國立彰化師範大學
教育研究所
104
The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the competence of administrative digitization and the operation of informative management system based on Pay-Fong Independent Middle School in Malaysia. Were used to survey selected 121 teacher, administration staff and staff from Pay-Fong Independent Middle School in Malaysia. The statistical methods used to analyzed the data were descriptive statistic and Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The conclusions of the study were summarized as follows: 1. Pay-Fong Independent Middle School teacher’s for each of the current situation for administrative digitization, competence of administrative digitization and operation of informative management system was higher than average level. 2. There is a difference in the competence of administrative digitization among teachers of different sex, The average number of male teachers is higher than that of female teachers. And in the operation of the information management system, the average number of male and female teachers is the same. 3. There is a difference in the competence of administrative digitization and the operation of the information management system among teachers of different age, On the whole, the average number of teachers with 41-50 years old was the highest. 4. There is a difference in the competence of administrative digitization among teachers of different seniority, Overall in 5 years (including 5 years) the highest average score of Teachers. And there are differences in the operation of the information management system, On the whole with the years 16-20 years' average highest. 5. There is a difference in the competence of administrative digitization among teachers of different education, On the whole, the average score of college teachers is the highest. And there are differences in the operation of the information management system, On the whole, the average number of teachers with high school education is the highest. 6. There is a difference in the competence of administrative digitization and the operation of the information management system among teachers of different Position, On the whole, the highest number of administrative personnel. 7. There was a significant positive correlation between competence of administrative digitization and the operation of informative management system. Finally, based on the results, suggestions for educational administration agencies, Chinese Independent Middle School it department, Dong Zong it department and future studies were proposed.
Pavlásková, Zdeňka. "Státní zastupitelství v civilním procesu." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408397.
Повний текст джерелаJönsson, Josefin, and Linda Lahger. "Förtroendet för revisorer : En kvantitativ studie om faktorer som påverkar stora företags förtroende för revisorer." Thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18806.
Повний текст джерелаRevisionsbranschen är inte vilken bransch som helst, den är nämligen avgörande för all näringsverksamhet. Däremot har förtroendet för revisorerna ifrågasatts efter de uppmärksammade företagsskandalerna som innebar att ekonomisk brottslighet och redovisningsfusk avslöjades. Då skandalerna berörde stora företag mest samt att stora företag har revisionsplikt, är det av betydelse att undersöka hur förtroendet för revisorerna ser ut i denna grupp. Studiens syfte är därför att utforska faktorer som påverkar stora företags förtroende för revisorer. Dock avgränsas studien till att enbart undersöka förtroendet för revisorer nationellt. Utifrån tidigare forskning kan det antas att revisorns kompetens, oberoende, tystnadsplikt samt lagar och normer påverkar de stora företagens förtroende. De fyra faktorerna utgör således studiens oberoende variabler och därmed utvecklade modell. För att empiriskt testa modellen har en webbaserad enkätundersökning genomförts, vilket resulterade i 78 fullständiga svar. Samtliga oberoende variabler visade sig vara positivt signifikanta, vilket tyder på att det finns ett statistiskt positivt samband mellan varje oberoende variabel och den beroende variabeln förtroende. Studiens slutsats är således att stora företag har högre förtroende för en revisor som har god kompetens, agerar oberoende, upprätthåller tystnadsplikten samt följer revisionsbranschens lagar och normer. Då vi undersökt faktorer som påverkar stora företags förtroende, hade det varit intressant att läsa en jämförande analys gällande faktorer som påverkar små, medelstora och stora företags förtroende. En annan intressant studie hade varit en undersökning om hur revisionsbyråer marknadsför sig för att nå både befintliga och potentiella klienter.
Nguého, André Ferdinand Takounjou. "Aimé Césaire: De la révolte à la révolution: Pour une lecture croisée postcoloniale des oeuvres d´Aimé Césaire et de Frantz Fanon." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/58343.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this work is to reflect on the historical and cultural path of the African continent after the recent celebration of the 50th anniversary of the African independences. What is the feedback of the course for the new African nations? To answer this question, I revised all the African history in the light of two francophone authors from Martinique Island. I intersected the reflections of Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon in a post-colonial way for a journey in the African roots extended in the diaspora. This journey led me in an imagologic study in the colonial context: the colonial structure was constructed upon an iconoclast1 representation of the new world discovered by the 14, 15 and 16th century’s explorers. That information is the starting point of two interconnected events: Slavery and Colonization. Reacting against that hetero-image, the Negros built up an auto-image named “Négritude” whose principal initiator was Aimé Césaire. This author wanted to revalorize the Negro’s culture and, pragmatically, prepare the decolonization of the territories under the colonial domination. Unfortunately, beside its revolutionary esthetic value, the pragmatism of the Negritude movement as described by Césaire was a political failure. In fact, the independences acquired according to the Negritude program failed. The socioeconomic discrepancies resulting from the colonialism were not treated adequately. One of the causes of this failure was, according to Fanon, the construction of State-race instead of State-nation after the proclamation of the independences. Consequently, we can consider the “Printemps Arabe” as an upcoming of the social antagonism which was poorly treated from the word go after Independence. This was a result of the inadequacy of the cultural racism veiled in the negritude manner of solving problems as for instance the fundamental question of the land. On the other hand, the question of the French colonialism specificity cannot be neglected. In fact, the assimilation politic of the French colonial Empire didn’t offer a good emancipation board to the indigenous people. The French Union project built after the Second World War represented for itself a kind of continuation of colonization regardless of the international context of that moment characterized by the United Nations declarations. This was substantially complicating the task of the new emerging leaders. The last part of this work is a pedagogic sequence for teaching French as a Foreign Language in the curricular revision context initiated by the ESCOLA + program in São Tomé and Principe.
Este trabalho pretende reflectir sobre o percurso histórico-cultural do continente africano numa altura em que se acabou de celebrar o quinquenário das independências. Qual é o balanço do percurso para as novas nações africanas? Responder a esta pergunta levou-me a revisitar toda a história do continente à luz da obra de dois autores da Martinique. Cruzei o olhar de Aimé Césaire e de Frantz Fanon numa perspectiva pós-colonial para uma viagem nas raízes africanas que se encontram espalhadas na diáspora. Esta viagem me tem levado a um estudo da imagiologia no contexto colonial: a estrutura colonial baseava-se numa representação iconoclasta2 do novo mundo descoberto pelos exploradores dos séculos 14, 15 e 16. Esta informação deu início a dois eventos interligados a saber a escravatura e a colonização. Os Negros, em reacção contra esta hétero-imagem, construíram uma auto-imagem denominada “negritude” cujo progenitor principal foi Aimé Césaire. Pretendeu este autor revalorizar a cultura negra e, pragmaticamente, preparar a descolonização dos territórios sob domínio colonial. No entanto, o pragmatismo do movimento da negritude como o entendia Césaire foi um fracasso num ponto de vista político não obstante o valor estético revolucionário do mesmo. Com efeito, as independências adquiridas segundo o programa-negritude não resultaram: não se conseguiu ultrapassar as desigualdades socioeconómicas resultantes do colonialismo. Uma das causas deste fracasso foi, segundo Fanon, a construção de Estadoraça em vez de Estado-nação após as independências. Consequentemente, podemos ler o “Printemps arabe” como um ressurgimento dos antagonismos sociais que foram mal geridos logo após as independências; consequência da inadequação do racismo cultural que se escondia no esquema da “negritude” na resolução por exemplo da questão fundamental das terras. De outra parte, a questão da especificidade do colonialismo francês não pode ser esquecida. Com efeito, a política assimilacionista do império colonial francês não oferecia um bom quadro de emancipação dos colonizados. O projecto da União Francesa montado após a segunda guerra mundial representava por si só uma espécie de prolongação da colonização não obstante o contexto internacional da hora caracterizado pelas declarações das Nações Unidas. Uma tal situação complicava substancialmente a tarefa da classe dirigente emergente. A última parte deste trabalho é uma sequência pedagógica de ensino do francês língua estrangeira no contexto da revisão curricular estipulada pelo programa Escola + em São Tomé e príncipe.
Ce travail prétend réfléchir sur le parcours historico-culturel du continente africain dans un contexte bien particulier: on vient de célébrer le cinquantenaire des indépendances. Quel est le bilan du parcours des jeunes Etats africains ? Afin de répondre au mieux à cette question, j’ai revisité toute l’histoire du continente à la lumière des oeuvres de deux auteurs martiniquais. J’ai pour ainsi dire, croisé le regard d’Aimé Césaire et de Frantz Fanon dans une perspective postcoloniale pour un voyage dans les racines africaines qui s’étendent jusque dans la diaspora. Ce voyage m’a conduit dans une étude de l’imagologie dans le contexte colonial: la structure coloniale reposait sur une représentation iconoclaste3 du nouveau monde découvert par les explorateurs des 14e, 15e et 16e siècles. Cette information donna naissance à deux événements interconnectés à savoir l’esclavage et la colonisation. Les Noirs, en réaction contre cette hétéro-image, ont construit une auto-image dénommé “Négritude” dont le promoteur principal est, à n’en pas douter, Aimé Césaire. Ce dernier prétendait revaloriser la culture nègre et, pragmatiquement, préparer a décolonisation des territoires sous domination coloniale. Cependant, le pragmatisme de la Négritude comme l’entendait Césaire se solda par un échec du point de vue politique malgré les valeurs ô combien esthétique et révolutionnaire de ce mouvement. En effet, les indépendances proclamées selon le programme “négritude” ne portèrent pas les fruits escomptés: les inégalités socioéconomiques héritées de la colonisation n’ont pu être jugulées. L’une des causes de cet échec fut, selon le critérium analytique de Fanon, la construction des Etats-race au lieu des Etats-nation après les indépendances. Par ricochet, nous pouvons lire le “Printemps arabe” comme une résurgence des antagonismes sociaux qui furent mal gérés dans la période postindépendance; conséquence de l’inadéquation du racisme culturel qui se cachait un tant soit peu sous le manteau Négritude » dans la résolution des problèmes cruciaux de l’heure comme par exemple la question agraire. D’autre part, la question de la spécificité du colonialisme français ne peut passer inaperçue. En effet, la politique assimilationniste de l’empire colonial français ne proposait point un bon cadre propice à l’émancipation des colonisés. Le projet de l’Union Française monté après la seconde guerre mondiale représentait à lui seul une espèce de prolongation de la colonisation malgré le contexte international de l’heure caractérisé par les déclarations des Nations Unies. Une telle situation compliquait substantiellement la tâche de la jeune classe dirigeante émergente. La dernière partie de ce travail est une séquence pédagogique destinée à l’enseignement du français langue étrangère (FLE) dans le contexte de la révision curriculaire initiée par le programme « Escola + » à São Tomé et Principe.
Červenková, Martina. "Možnosti využití internetu ve výuce německého jazyka na gymnáziích v České republice." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328107.
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