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Raden, Martin, Fabio Gutmann, Michael Uhl, and Rolf Backofen. "CopomuS—Ranking Compensatory Mutations to Guide RNA-RNA Interaction Verification Experiments." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113852.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In silico RNA-RNA interaction prediction is widely applied to identify putative interaction partners and to assess interaction details in base pair resolution. To verify specific interactions, in vitro evidence can be obtained via compensatory mutation experiments. Unfortunately, the selection of compensatory mutations is non-trivial and typically based on subjective ad hoc decisions. To support the decision process, we introduce our COmPensatOry MUtation Selector CopomuS. CopomuS evaluates the effects of mutations on RNA-RNA interaction formation using a set of objective criteria, and outputs a reliable ranking of compensatory mutation candidates. For RNA-RNA interaction assessment, the state-of-the-art IntaRNA prediction tool is applied. We investigate characteristics of successfully verified RNA-RNA interactions from the literature, which guided the design of CopomuS. Finally, we evaluate its performance based on experimentally validated compensatory mutations of prokaryotic sRNAs and their target mRNAs. CopomuS predictions highly agree with known results, making it a valuable tool to support the design of verification experiments for RNA-RNA interactions. It is part of the IntaRNA package and available as stand-alone webserver for ad hoc application.
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Poelman, Maartje P., Willemijn M. Vermeer, Ellis L. Vyth, and Ingrid HM Steenhuis. "‘I don't have to go to the gym because I ate very healthy today’: the development of a scale to assess diet-related compensatory health beliefs." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012002650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveNutritional interventions to decrease energy intake, aimed at portion sizes and front-of-package labelling, are effective only if people do not compensate for their reduced energy intake. Since several observational studies indicate that these interventions could prompt compensation behaviour, it is important to assess underlying beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of the two studies reported here was to develop a Diet-related Compensatory Health Beliefs Scale (Diet-CHBS).DesignCross-sectional surveys were conducted for the scale development. Study 1 provided data on the factor analysis and convergent validity, while Study 2 assessed the Diet-CHBS’ test–retest reliability.SettingsVU University Amsterdam (Study 1) and twenty-five worksite cafeterias in the Netherlands (Study 2).SubjectsStudy 1 was conducted among 179 students and their parents; Study 2 was conducted among 119 worksite cafeteria visitors.ResultsThe results of Study 1 showed that the scale consisted of the hypothesized factors of compensation beliefs with regard to portion sizes (α = 0·73), front-of-package health logos (α = 0·77) and exercise (α = 0·75). The scale's overall Cronbach's α was 0·82. The Diet-CHBS had a Pearson correlation of 0·32 with a general health compensatory beliefs scale, signifying satisfactory convergent validity. Study 2 showed that the intra-class correlation coefficient between T1 and T2 was 0·69, indicating adequate test–retest reliability.ConclusionThe Diet-CHBS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing diet-related compensatory health beliefs in response to nutritional interventions. It is important to take such beliefs into account in further intervention studies aimed at preventing overweight and obesity.
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Gaweł, Eliza, and Anna Zwierzchowska. "Effect of Compensatory Mechanisms on Postural Disturbances and Musculoskeletal Pain in Elite Sitting Volleyball Players: Preparation of a Compensatory Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study was to identify the effect of compensatory mechanisms on the prevalence of sagittal spinal curvature deformity and musculoskeletal pain and to assess the interrelationships between those components in sitting volleyball players. Twenty-one elite Polish sitting volleyball players (age = 34.1 ± 7.5, BM = 77.9 ± 16.0) participated in the study in which direct participatory systematic observation and a non-invasive method were used. Both objective (anthropometric, spinal curvature–Idiag M360) and subjective (musculoskeletal ailments–NMQ = 7) measurements were performed. The Statistica 13.3 software package was used for statistical analyses. The neck, lower back (43%), and upper back (38%) were the most frequently reported painful areas. Of all participants, 76% reported sagittal spinal deformities. In the habitual position, the results indicated moderate correlations (r = 0.5, p < 0.05) between the lumbar concavity of the back and low back pain (LBP) and between thoracic convexity and LBP (r = 0.4, p < 0.05). Internal and external compensation have an effect on the prevalence of spinal curvature deformities in the sagittal plane, with thoracic hyperkyphosis (38%) and lumbar hyperlordosis (33%) being the most common. More severe lower and upper back pain were correlated with greater angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the habitual position.
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Dunne, Stephen, Helen Close, Nicola Richards, Amanda Ellison, and Alison R. Lane. "Maximizing Telerehabilitation for Patients With Visual Loss After Stroke: Interview and Focus Group Study With Stroke Survivors, Carers, and Occupational Therapists." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): e19604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Visual field defects are a common consequence of stroke, and compensatory eye movement strategies have been identified as the most promising rehabilitation option. There has been a move toward compensatory telerehabilitation options, such as the Durham Reading and Exploration (DREX) training app, which significantly improves visual exploration, reading, and self-reported quality of life. Objective This study details an iterative process of liaising with stroke survivors, carers, and health care professionals to identify barriers and facilitators to using rehabilitation tools, as well as elements of good practice in telerehabilitation, with a focus on how the DREX package can be maximized. Methods Survey data from 75 stroke survivors informed 12 semistructured engagement activities (7 focus groups and 5 interviews) with 32 stroke survivors, 10 carers, and 24 occupational therapists. Results Thematic analysis identified key themes within the data. Themes identified problems associated with poststroke health care from both patients’ and occupational therapists’ perspectives that need to be addressed to improve uptake of this rehabilitation tool and telerehabilitation options generally. This included identifying additional materials or assistance that were required to boost the impact of training packages. The acute rehabilitation setting was an identified barrier, and perceptions of technology were considered a barrier by some but a facilitator by others. In addition, 4 key features of telerehabilitation were identified: additional materials, the importance of goal setting, repetition, and feedback. Conclusions The data were used to try to overcome some barriers to the DREX training and are further discussed as considerations for telerehabilitation in general moving forward.
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Russell, Rodney S., Ariel Roldan, Mervi Detorio, Jing Hu, Mark A. Wainberg, and Chen Liang. "Effects of a Single Amino Acid Substitution within thep2 Region of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 on Packagingof Spliced ViralRNA." Journal of Virology 77, no. 24 (December 15, 2003): 12986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.24.12986-12995.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encapsidates two copies of viral genomic RNA in the form of a dimer. The dimerization process initiates via a 6-nucleotide palindrome that constitutes the loop of a viral RNA stem-loop structure (i.e., stem loop 1 [SL1], also termed the dimerization initiation site [DIS]) located within the 5′ untranslated region of the viral genome. We have now shown that deletion of the entire DIS sequence virtually eliminated viral replication but that this impairment was overcome by four second-site mutations located within the matrix (MA), capsid (CA), p2, and nucleocapsid (NC) regions of Gag. Interestingly, defective viral RNA dimerization caused by the ΔDIS deletion was not significantly corrected by these compensatory mutations, which did, however, allow the mutated viruses to package wild-type levels of this DIS-deleted viral RNA while excluding spliced viral RNA from encapsidation. Further studies demonstrated that the compensatory mutation T12I located within p2, termed MP2, sufficed to prevent spliced viral RNA from being packaged into the ΔDIS virus. Consistently, theΔ DIS-MP2 virus displayed significantly higher levels of infectiousness than did the ΔDIS virus. The importance of position T12 in p2 was further demonstrated by the identification of four point mutations,T12D, T12E, T12G, and T12P, that resulted in encapsidation of spliced viral RNA at significant levels. Taken together, our data demonstrate that selective packaging of viral genomic RNA is influenced by the MP2 mutation and that this represents a major mechanism for rescue of viruses containing the ΔDIS deletion.
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Cao, Ruixin, Shuyan Tong, Tianjing Luan, Hanyun Zheng, and Wei Zhang. "Compensatory Base Changes and Varying Phylogenetic Effects on Angiosperm ITS2 Genetic Distances." Plants 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070929.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A compensatory base change (CBC) that coevolves in the secondary structure of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) influences the estimation of genetic distance and thus challenges the phylogenetic use of this most popular genetic marker. To date, however, the CBC effect on ITS2 genetic distance is still unclear. Here, ITS2 sequences of 46 more recent angiosperm lineages were screened from 5677 genera and phylogenetically analyzed in sequence-structure format, including secondary structure prediction, structure-based alignment and sequence partition of paired and unpaired regions. ITS2 genetic distances were estimated comparatively by using both conventional DNA substitution models and RNA-specific models, which were performed in the PHASE package. Our results showed that the existence of the CBC substitution inflated the ITS2 genetic distances to different extents, and the deviation could be 180% higher if the relative ratio of substitution rate in ITS2 secondary structure stems was threefold higher than that in the loops. However, the CBC effect was minor if that ratio was below two, indicating that the DNA model is still applicable in recent lineages in which few CBCs occur. We thus provide a general empirical threshold to take account of CBC before ITS2 phylogenetic analyses.
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Островская, Ольга, Olga Ostrovskaya, Ольга Кожарская, Ol'ga Kozharskaya, Стефания Супрун, Stefaniya Suprun, Денис Мусатов, et al. "MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF TERMINAL VILLI IN PRETERM PLACENTA." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 70 (December 29, 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c1269c4350159.55377375.
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In this study, morphometric features of terminal villi in term and preterm placentas were compared. Placentas of 13 patients whose pregnancy ended in premature birth and placentas of 35 women with physiological pregnancy and delivery at term were studied. Morphometric assessment was made with Carl Zeiss Axio Imager microscope using an image analysis software package. The number of capillaries in terminal villi of preterm placentas was found to be decreased, while the vessels-to-syncytiotrophoblast distance was found to be increased. These result in a decreased gas exchange between maternal blood and placental tissue, hypoxia and can cause early termination of pregnancy. Mean values of cross-sectional area, vertical dimension and perimeter of terminal villi in preterm placentas are found to be greater than those in term placentas, which contributed to an increase in gas exchange area and can be regarded as a compensatory reaction at a tissue level.
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Johnstone, D. J. "A Prospect Theory Explanation of the Disposition to Trade Losing Investments for Less Than Market Price." Psychological Reports 90, no. 3 (June 2002): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3.851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Investors have a proven general reluctance to realize losses. The theory of “mental accounting” suggests that losses are easier to accept when mentally integrated with either preceding losses or with compensatory gains. Mental integration is made easier when a failed asset is exchanged against a new, apparently profitable, acquisition. The alternative is to sell the existing asset on the open market before re-investing the proceeds as desired. This is emotionally less appealing than “rolling over” a losing investment into a new venture by way of an asset trade. The psychological benefits of exchanging rather than selling a failed asset come at a cost. It is typical of trade-in arrangements, e.g., where one trades an old car against a new one, that the effective sale price of the existing asset is less than current market value. Acceptance of this low price adds to the investor's total monetary loss on the existing asset but is essential to an overall package deal apart from which that asset would often remain belatedly unsold.
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Kalnysh, V. V., I. S. Trinka, S. M. Pashkovsky, N. V. Koval, V. K. Tyshchenko, and O. V. Bomk. "Peculiarities of transformation of psychophysiological characteristics of military pilots, practically healthy and patients with stage I hypertension. Message I. Restructuring of performance correlates related to the health status of military pilots." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 25, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(3)-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Annotation. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the transformation of professionally important psychophysiological qualities of military pilots, practically healthy and with stage I hypertension (80 people). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the methods of variation statistics, nonparametric statistics – correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient), cluster analysis (k-means method) using the software package STATISTICA 13.3. It has been established that hypertension affects the structure of correlations of psychophysiological functions of the body, which indicates a difference in the mechanisms of regulation of these functions during the development of the disease. It is shown that even healthy military pilots have different levels of mental capacity and can show their psychophysiological qualities in different ways, especially in extreme conditions. In addition, it was found that in the presence of hypertension in the body of a third of pilots show compensatory reactions to increase the activation of body functions, which, in turn, increases the physiological cost of professional activity, to reduce which must periodically apply treatment and rehabilitation measures.
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Volkova, I. P., N. N. Koroleva, I. M. Bogdanovskaya, G. Yu Ikonnikova, and A. V. Mashkova. "Problematic Internet Usage by Adolescents with Disabilities." Education and science journal 21, no. 9 (November 27, 2019): 98–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2019-9-98-121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The intensive development of adaptive information technologies leads to the active inclusion of adolescents with disabilities in Internet communications, expanding the possibilities of their social adaptation. At the same time, the limitation of opportunities for social interaction due to impaired psychophysical development is an additional factor in the uncontrolled involvement of adolescents in Internet communication and the risk of Problematic Internet Usage.The aim of this research is to study the degree and indicators of Internet addiction among adolescents with disabilities in conjunction with indicators of their social adaptability.Methodology and research methods. Theoretical and empirical study is based on the provisions of the psychological theory of activity and personality, culturalhistorical theory of L. S. Vygotsky, the ideas of domestic and foreign psychology about addictive behaviour including about risk and factors of Internet addictive behaviour normally developing adolescents and adolescents with disabilities. The study was carried out using empirical methods (questionnaires, psycho-diagnostic methods, survey methods); methods of quantitative analysis of empirical data, including methods of mathematical statistics: comparison of samples by the Mann-Whitney test; correlation analysis using the linear Pearson correlation coefficient. The calculations were performed using the Excel software package and using the SPSS 16.0 software package (Statistical Package for Social Science).Research results and scientific novelty. The general and specific features of the Internet usage among adolescents with disabilities are identified; personality traits are identified as a prerequisite for the Problematic Internet Usage in this category of adolescents. It has been determined that virtual communication acts for adolescents with disabilities as a kind of adaptation-compensatory resource that allows overcoming communicative difficulties. At the same time, inadequate selfregulation of behaviour makes it difficult for self-control to stay online and thereby increases the risk of the negative impact of interaction on the Internet on their physical and mental state. It is revealed that the personal background of the Problematic Internet Usage has specificity depending on the nature of developmental disorders in adolescents.Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in the work of a psychologist and a teacher for the diagnosis, prevention and correction of Internet addiction by adolescents with disabilities.
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Ravand, Hamdollah. "Application of a Cognitive Diagnostic Model to a High-Stakes Reading Comprehension Test." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 34, no. 8 (August 3, 2016): 782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282915623053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
General cognitive diagnostic models (CDM) such as the generalized deterministic input, noisy, “and” gate (G-DINA) model are flexible in that they allow for both compensatory and noncompensatory relationships among the subskills within the same test. Most of the previous CDM applications in the literature have been add-ons to simulation studies. Although there are some applications of CDMs such as the Fusion Model and the Rule Space Model to educational assessment data in general and second-language data in particular, there are few studies applying general models such as the G-DINA. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the application of the G-DINA to the reading comprehension data of a high-stakes test. To this end, an initial Q-matrix was developed, validated, and cross-validated. The skill profiles of the test takers were estimated using the “CDM” package in R. Throughout, the process of constructing and validating a Q-matrix was elaborated on, the benefits of general models were emphasized, and implications for research investigating inter-skill relationships were discussed. Finally, suggestions for further research, to better take advantage of the flexibilities of general diagnostic models, were presented.
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Ramsey, JD, and LA Tisdale. "Use of ventricular stroke work index and ventricular function curves in assessing myocardial contractility." Critical Care Nurse 15, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1995.15.1.61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cardiac output and cardiac index values are traditionally used by critical care nurses as indicators of myocardial contractility. Due to the incidence of compensatory tachycardia in many critically ill patients, however, the value of LVSWI as an indicator of myocardial contractility is enhanced, because the formula for its calculation does not emphasize the variable of heart rate. The advantages of using LVSWI are the following: It is easily calculated at the bedside by using an integrated hemodynamic software package or by using the formula provided. It is readily available to the nurse and indicates sensitive changes in myocardial function. When used in LV function curves in the nursing assessment of myocardial contractility of critically ill adults, its use can direct changes in fluid and pharmacologic interventions. Factors that affect ventricular end-diastolic pressure such as altered myocardial compliance or increased transmural pressure alters PCWP. Although LVSWI is not completely independent of these factors and may be less precise with altered PCWP, the LVSWI does enhance the data base used to manage patients with altered ventricular function. Ideal LVSWI values may not be achievable in patients with poor myocardial contractility; however, tracking the LVSWI provides sensitive and immediate feedback on the efficacy of pharmacologic intervention. Critical care nurses should use the LVSWI for any hemodynamically unstable patient whose myocardial contractility might be compromised. This information allows the nurse to optimize the patient's hemodynamic performance with a more accurate assessment of heart function.
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Ometron Ltd. "Compensator package for stress measurement of moving parts." NDT & E International 24, no. 4 (August 1991): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90370-i.
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Pankowska, Anna, Sylwester Matwiejczuk, Paulina Kozioł, Tomasz Żarnowski, Radosław Pietura, and Ewa Kosior-Jarecka. "Visual Tract Degradation in Bilateral Normal-Tension Glaucoma—Cortical Thickness Maps and Volumetric Study of Visual Pathway Areas." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071907.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the central visual pathways during the early and advanced stages of bilateral normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods: The studied groups constituted patients with bilateral normal-tension glaucoma of the same stage (n = 45) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 17). All patients underwent ophthalmic examination and examination on a 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Scanner (Optima 360, GE Healthcare). Volume and cortical thickness analyses were performed using the open-source automated software package FreeSurfer. Results: There was a significant difference in lateral geniculate nuclei volume between the control and advanced glaucoma groups in the right hemisphere (p = 0.03) and in the left hemisphere between the early and advanced glaucoma patients (p = 0.026). The optic chiasm volume differed significantly between the control and advanced NTG groups (p = 0.0003) and between early and advanced glaucoma patients (p = 0.004). Mean cortical thickness analysis revealed a significant increase in values in the advanced glaucoma group in the right Brodmann area 17 (BA17) (p = 0.007) and right BA18 (p = 0.049) as compared to early NTG. In the left BA18 area, the mean thickness of the cortex in the early glaucoma group was significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The increase in the grey matter thickness in the V1 region with more-advanced glaucoma stages may reflect compensatory hypertrophy. Additionally, the regions of the brain early affected during glaucoma with reduced thickness were the right lateral occipital gyrus and left lingual gyrus. The most prominent change during the course of glaucoma was the increase in grey matter thickness in the right cuneus.
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Zhu, W., G. Barbarossa, D. Yang, and C. Lin. "Simulation and Design for a Tunable Dispersion Compensator Package." IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies 27, no. 3 (September 2004): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcapt.2004.831785.
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Tamm, Т. I., V. V. Nepomnyaschy, O. А. Shakalova, and А. Ya Barduck. "Intestine wall histostructure peculiarities with peritonitis and mechanical intestine obstruction (experimental study)." Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology, no. 36 (July 10, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/bba36-2019-05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, the histological criteria for differential diagnosis of dynamic ileus due to peritonitis and mechanical obstruction of the intestine remain undeveloped. In this regard, the aim of the work was to establish the difference in morphological changes occurring in the intestinal wall during dynamic and mechanical ileus in the experiment. The experiment was conducted on 33 sexually mature Wistar rats. In 15 animals of the first group, mechanical ileus was modeled by ligation of the lumen of the small intestine at the middle of the distance between the duodenojejunal junction and the ileocecal angle. In 15 rats of the second group, a dynamic ileus model was formed in the form of peritonitis by introducing fecal suspension into the lumen of the abdominal cavity. The control group included 3 animals who underwent laparotomy without the formation of mechanical ileus and peritonitis. For histological examination, fragments of the intestinal wall were sampled 1 cm above the site of the obstruction with mechanical ileus and the portion of the small intestine with peritonitis. Statistical processing was performed in an Excel package using parametric statistics methods. It was stated that with mechanical ileus purulent inflammation develops in the intestine wall beginning from the mucous membrane spreading over wall thickness which can cause its destruction within 48 hours; with dynamical ileus purulent inflammation develops in the intestine wall, it captures particularly serous and muscle layers without causing violations of mucosa cover structure and without intestine wall destruction within 48 hours. Under experimental dynamic ileus, changes in the mucous membrane were reactive in nature and consisted of manifestations of compensatory-adaptive and regenerative processes in response to a violation of the trophism of various structures of the intestinal wall.
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Kalach, F. N. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF USING INJECTION REINFORCEMENT TECHNOLOGY WITH SELF-EXPANDING GROUT OF SOFT SOILS AT THE SUB-BASE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.2.06.
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In the process of organizing new underground volumes in difficult engineering and geological conditions of the central part of the city of St. Petersburg, it is necessary to use technologies that ensure the safety of neighboring buildings, which supply work to the zone of influence. Due to the heterogeneity of the stress-strain state of soils, the uneven loading of foundations and the additional influence of technological processes on the arrangement of underground space, the structures of existing buildings experience a significant negative effect from the unevenness of vertical deformations. At the same time, there is a need for additional research of compensatory measures that exclude this type of deformation, aimed at studying the processes of soil grouting using modern injection materials on a cement and polymer basis, increasing the physicomechanical characteristics of weak silty-clayed soils, mainly the components of the sub-base of old buildings. The article discusses the method of injection reinforcement of a shallow foundation, folded by fluid silt sandy loam, as a compensation measure, eliminating additional vertical uneven deformations of the historical building caused by the construction of the pit enclosing structure. The performed laboratory research made it possible to determine the increment in the values of the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil mass after its strengthening, the experimental work allowed us to establish the most effective injection parameters of the injection solution and visually assess the degree of its distribution in soft soil, and the physico-mathematical modeling in the PLAXIS software package made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of this technology as a preventive measure to eliminate uneven technological deposits during the construction of the «cast-in-place trench wall» foundation pit enclosing structure.
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Kumar, Prashant. "Enhancement of Power Quality by an Application FACTS Devices." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i1.pp10-17.
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<p>The paper narrates widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilization has necessitated producing bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently. The Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) is a new technology based on power electronics, which offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. Here SVC has been developed with the combination of TCSC and TCR. The paper contains simulation models of Thyristor controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR)-based Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which are the series and shunt Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The fact devices are designed by considering the line losses and their stability. The design and simulations of TCSC and TCR-based SVC shows the effectiveness of result using the MATLAB/Simulink. The designed system will try to reduce the voltage drops and electrical losses in the network without the possibility of transient especially in case of long transmission system. Student feedback indicates that this package is user-friendly and considerably effective for students and researchers to study theory of controlled reactor compensators, series capacitor compensator, and the reactive power control and voltage regulation..</p>
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Mäkelä, T., and S. Pohjolainen. "Finite-dimensional Compensators for Distributed Parameter Systems Using TDP-Package." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 12 (September 1987): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55636-0.
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Marchenko, Nina M. "SIMULATION OF A REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATOR IN THE MATLAB PACKAGE." Scholarly Notes of Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University, no. 1 (2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17084/20764359-2022-57-24.
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Marchenko, Nina M. "SIMULATION OF A REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATOR IN THE MATLAB PACKAGE." Scholarly Notes of Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University, no. 1 (2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17084/20764359-2022-57-24.
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Gelen, Ayetül, and Tankut Yalcinoz. "An educational software package for Thyristor Switched Reactive Power Compensators using Matlab/Simulink." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 18, no. 3 (March 2010): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2009.12.003.
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Mosavi, Seyed Hasan, Ali Kalantarzade, Moslem Dehghani, Leila Eilan Kashkoli, and Hossein Moafian. "STATCOM Control based on Indirect Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller for Compensation of Reactive Power." Ciência e Natura 37 (December 19, 2015): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x20783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, an indirect adaptive sliding mode controller has been designed to control distribution static compensator to improve power quality in a three-phase distribution network. Steady-state error flow control compensator is reduced using the proposed controller. The proposed control strategy is more resistant compared to disturbances in the transient and steady state. The controller is used in frame of Βα rotating reference. Using an observer for estimating parameters, the controller performance has been improved. The accuracy of controller performance has been proven in the software package of MATLAB.
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Fedosieieva, O. "THE FOLLICLEGENESIS IN THE THYROID GLAND IN THE POSTNATAL PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS UNDER PRENATAL ANTIGENIC INFLUENCE." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 3, no. 47 (May 16, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.3(47)2021.3.
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Antigenic influence at critical terms of ontogenesis can cause significant changes in the child's immune system. It is known that the entry of antigens into the fetus causes premature release of T-lymphocytes from the thymus and their migration to various organs. The paper was aimed at the study of the folliclegenesis of the thyroid gland in postnatal period at norm and after prenatal influence of staphylococcal toxoid. In the experimental research as a material were thyroid glands of Wistar rats aged 1 to 60 days of postnatal development (162 animals), about 6 animals in each group. Three animals groups were studied on 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60 days after bith. I gr. - intact animals (norm); ІІ gr. - control, animals which were injected intrauterine 0.9% NaCl solution; III - experimental animals injected with staphylococcal toxoid liquid purified adsorbed (10-14 units of binding in 1 ml, diluted 10 portions) by operation intrauterinely on the 18th day of dated pregnancy. Histological sections 3-5 μm thick were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, histochemicaly by alcian blue and azan staining. Immunohistochemical study was performed according to the protocol recommended for a particular antibody of the manufacturer. Used ki-67 (Ki-67), TTF-1 (8G7G3/1), Fox-1 (A-12) monoclonal antibodies by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. A set of morphometric studies was performed by microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star equipped with the Axiocam digital microphoto attachment with using program complex Zeiss Zen 2011. The results were considered reliable at p≤0,05. For processing of statistical material was used the standard software package Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 10.0.The results were obtained about morphogenesis of rat’s thyroid after intrauterine antigenic action of staphylococcal toxoid. Morphofunctional homeostasis and stromal-parenchymal proportional relationship to thyroid gland closely associated with the activity of immune cells, including special role of lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells. Prenatal influence of staphylococcal toxoid led to the formation of a more pronounced structure of the parenchyma and stroma, but they showed signs of functional immaturity after birth. During the sucking period, the simultaneous presence of intra-, extrafollicular, septal and intramural types of folliculogesis is determined, which is a local reaction to systemic antigenic irritation with activation of compensatory-adaptive reactive folliclegenesis. The revealed changes in the process of folliclegenesis, accompanied by venous plethora, the formation of intraorgan diffuse lymphoid tissue and nodules, desquamation of the follicular epithelium, redistribution of the follicle diameter is a reaction to the systemic antigenic effect on the body during the critical period of prenatal development and normalizes by 45 days.Keywords: morphogenesis, thyroid gland, antigen, staphylococcal toxoid, experiment.
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Демин, A. Demin, Исупов, S. Isupov, Хамитов, and R. Khamitov. "ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC ABSORBER IN THE VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17932.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article shows the limited capacity of the traditional (passive) suspension systems to meet the constantly increasing requirements imposed on modern motor vehicles, as well as the expediency of application of controlled suspension systems. Modeling of processes in the system with the electromagnetic compensator stiffness in the free vibration mode in the software package Matlab Simulink.
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Hassan, Raaed Faleh, and Suha Sabah Shyaa. "Design and Analysis of the STATCOM Based on Diode Clamped Multilevel Converter Using Model Predictive Current Control Strategy." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 3 (June 21, 2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.230306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent decades, multi-level converters have become popular and used in many power systems applications. Compared with conventional converters, multi-level converters contribute to reducing the voltage stress on the switching devices and enhancing the power quality delivered to the load. In this paper, the study of the five-level diode clamped multilevel converter based static synchronous compensator has been accomplished. Model Predictive current control strategy which a type of modern control algorithms was employed for driving the proposed compensator. The suggested five level converter controlled by model predictive current control is firstly examined to verify that this control algorithm is appropriate for achieving the desired performance. Then the proposed converter and control combination is employed and simulated as a static synchronous compensator in distributed power system. Moreover, in order to examine the robustness of this compensator, the load status is suggested to be heavy inductive. Simulation process has been performed using MATLAB – SIMULINK software package. The results show that the implemented configuration (converter and control algorithm) provides high power quality improvement with adequate reactive power compensation.
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Borges, Marcia Leite. "A percepção da qualidade de vida dos atingidos por barragens no Sul do Brasil: efetividade das políticas compensatórias / The perception of the quality of life of those affected by dams in Southern Brazil: effectiveness of the compensatory policies." Revista de Direito da Cidade 12, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 74–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2020.43874.
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ResumoEste artigo tem como objeto de estudo a qualidade de vida das populações remanejadas quando da construção das Usinas Hidrelétricas: Campos Novos, Barra Grande, Machadinho, Itá, e Fóz do Chapecó, na bacia dos rios Pelotas e Uruguai localizadas na divisa entre os estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina, e suas consequências na qualidade de vida da população localizada ao longo das áreas atingidas. A região abrangida pela construção de barragens no Alto Uruguai experimentou grandes transformações ambientais, socioeconômicas e culturais. A partir dessa constatação, a seguinte questão norteou o trabalho: Qual a eficácia das políticas de remanejamento aplicadas pelo setor elétrico na região estudada? Assim, realizou-se uma análise da percepção da qualidade de vida da população atingida por estes empreendimentos hidrelétricos, através da seleção de algumas questões do survey aplicado no ano de 2011 em 632 indivíduos residentes na área de estudo. Estas questões contemplam a percepção dos entrevistados, antes e após a construção das UHEs, tomando como referência o fim dos anos 1980 e início dos anos 1990 (aqui representando o período anterior aos empreendimentos hidrelétricos) e o ano de 2011, quando da realização da pesquisa, como período posterior ao remanejamento. Os aspectos analisados foram: bem-estar social, qualidade dos serviços públicos, infraestrutura domiciliar, bem-estar econômico e sustentabilidade ambiental. A amostra escolhida para tal, foi a da população reassentada no município de origem, o que correspondeu a 384 entrevistados. Isso, em função de ser possível perceber com maior facilidade as alterações ocorridas e suas influências na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos em questão. Inicialmente, foi realizada a apresentação dos aspectos analisados, através de uma leitura descritiva destes, apontando assim, suas principais características. Logo em seguida, partiu-se efetivamente para a construção dos índices e indicadores (através do software de análise quantitativa SPSS) de cada um dos aspectos relacionados ao antes e depois do remanejamento que forneceu uma base empírica para o monitoramento da qualidade de vida do atingidos por barragens.Palavras-chave: Atingidos por barragens. Qualidade de vida. Políticas públicas. AbstractThis article aims to study the quality of life of the species relocated when the Hydroelectric Plants (HPP) were built: Campos Novos, Barra Grande, Machadinho, Itá and Fóz do Chapecó, in the Pelotas and Uruguay rivers basin located in the division between the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, and their consequences on the quality of life of the population located along the affected areas. A region covered by the construction of dams in Alto Uruguai has experienced major environmental, socioeconomic and cultural changes. From this observation, the following north question or work: What is the relocation policy applied by the electricity sector in the studied region? Thus, an analysis of the perception of the quality of life of the population affected by these hydroelectric projects was carried out, through the selection of some questions of applied research in 2011 in 632 students residing in the study area. These questions include the perception of the interviewees, before and after the construction of the UHEs, taking as a reference the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s (here, during the period before the hydroelectric projects) and the year of 2011, when the realization research, as a period after the relocation. The aspects analyzed were: social well-being, quality of public services, residential infrastructure, economic well-being and environmental sustainability. A sample chosen for this purpose was a population resettled in the municipality of origin, or that corresponded to 384 respondents. This, due to the fact that it is possible to perceive more easily the changes that occurred and their influences on the quality of life of the issues in question. Initially, a presentation of the analyzed aspects was made, through a descriptive reading of these, including the main characteristics. Right afterwards, it effectively starts to build indexes and indicators (using the quantitative analysis software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS) of each of the related aspects before and after the relocation which provided an empirical basis for monitoring the quality of life achieved by dams.Keywords: Affected by dams. Quality of life. Public policy.
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Besheryan, Z. A., and I. F. Kantemirov. "Modeling and assessment of the stress-strain state of above-ground pipelines at different types of compensation sections." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126601022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of Russian fuel and energy complex in the short term is connected with the development of new hydrocarbon field in the permafrost zone and the need to build Arctic pipelines north of the 60th parallel. The ground-based structural scheme of pipeline laying is the most optimal while constructing trunk pipelines in permafrost areas in the Arctic and subarctic latitudes. The actual operating conditions of these systems are insufficiently studied. The above-ground pipeline in permafrost is in an complex stress-strain state. This study presents the results of the assessment of the stress-strain state of linearly extended above-ground pipelines at different compensation sections (triangular compensator; trapezoidal compensator; U-shaped compensator) under actual operating conditions. Using the finite element method on mathematical models, the dependences of the transverse displacements of the pipeline on movable supports and stresses arising in dangerous sections of the typical pipeline section during self-compensation of deformations on the variable design parameters of the system for various load combinations were established (the simulation was carried out in the ANSYS software package).
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Dunnigan, M. W. "Computer Based Control Assignment — Digital Control of an Inverted Pendulum." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 35, no. 2 (April 1998): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099803500207.
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This paper describes an assignment study that is undertaken by undergraduate students who have elected to study the digital/state-space control module as part of their Electrical and Electronic Engineering degree course at Heriot-Watt University. The assignment is based around the inverted pendulum example and uses the computer package MATLAB/SIMULINK. An advantage of the way the assignment is structured is that unique solutions do not exist for the choice of the compensator, sample rate and discretisation method.
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Ariës, Ingrid M., Rosanna van den Dungen, Rob Pieters, and Monique L. Den Boer. "The NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptors Do Not Confer Prednisolone resistance In Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3870.3870.
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Abstract Background Resistance against the glucocorticoid prednisolone still remains an obstacle for treatment of pediatric precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) at initial diagnosis and even more after relapse. The molecular mechanisms behind prednisolone resistance in pediatric BCP-ALL is poorly defined. The NR4A family, consisting of NR4A1 (Nur77), NR4A2 (Nurr1) and NR4A3 (Nor1), are orphan nuclear receptors, which antagonize the glucocorticoid receptor. We hypothesized that upregulated NR4A family expression is responsible for prednisolone resistance in BCP-ALL. Methods Newly diagnosed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients’ cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and only samples with ≥ 90% leukemic blasts were used in the present study. Gene expression microarrays of 178 BCP-ALL patients tested for in vitro prednisolone resistance were analyzed with Limma R Package in the statistical environment R, version 2.15.0. Microarray expression levels were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Nur77, Nurr1 and Nor1 protein expression in primary BCP-ALL patients’ were assessed with reverse phase protein array. Leukemic patients’ cells were transfected with labeled siRNA against NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3, simultaneously, or with labeled siScrl, using the transfection reagent Dharmafect 4. Hereafter, cytotoxicity to prednisolone was determined by the in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) drug-resistance assay. Furthermore, viability of transfected cells was counted by trypan blue exclusion assay and cells were harvested after 72 hours of culture for RNA and protein isolation. Knockdown was confirmed with qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results In this study of 178 precursor BCP-ALL patients we discovered a 3.0-fold (p=0.007) raise in NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 microarray mRNA expression in in vitro prednisolone resistant compared to sensitive BCP-ALL patients’ cells, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In addition, reverse phase protein array identified a 2.7-fold (p<0.001) increased Nurr1 (NR4A1) and Nur77 (NR4A2) protein expression in in vitro prednisolone resistant compared to sensitive BCP-ALL patients’ cells. Nurr1 and Nur77 protein levels were overall 5-fold (p<0.001) higher in BCP-ALL patients compared to normal bone marrow cells. Simultaneous siRNA mediated knockdown of Nur77, Nurr1 and Nor1 in pediatric leukemic patients’ ALL cells decreased leukemic cell survival by 25.4±11.1% (p=0.029), but did not sensitize these cells to prednisolone (n=4). Conclusion The NR4A family members are higher expressed in prednisolone resistant ALL patients’ cells. Although literature describes an antagonizing effect of the NR4A family members on the glucocorticoid receptor, we could not find a functional contribution of the NR4A family to prednisolone resistance in BCP-ALL. We furthermore discovered an increased NR4A family expression in leukemic cells of BCP-ALL patients compared to normal bone marrow cells. Targeting of NR4A genes impaired cell survival. However, compensatory mechanisms exist and consequently all three NR4A members need to be targeted simultaneously to diminish cell survival. These data therefore suggest that the NR4A genes are not suitable to reverse prednisolone resistance nor to kill leukemic cells by targeted drugs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Fedosieieva, O. V., and V. S. Bushman. "The effect of prenatal action of dexamethasone on morphological changes of the thyroid gland stromal compartment in juvenile rats." Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology, no. 42 (March 27, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/bba42-2021-05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thyroid gland is important for the normal functioning of the body, and is the largest endocrine organ, which among the endocrine glands will be the first in the process of embryogenesis. In recent decades, the prevalence of thyroid pathologies of various origins among the world's population has reached critical proportions. The use of glucocorticoids during pregnancy remains a debatable issue in obstetrics today, as they can both positively and negatively affect the processes of organ morphogenesis and be the cause of pathological conditions in the postnatal period. It is known that the entry of cortisol from mother to fetus through the placenta is controlled by enzymes produced by the latter. However, synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, can freely cross the blood-placental barrier and cause changes in postnatal immunity and disease in the future. The thyroid gland, having a relatively "simple" basic structure depending on the level of activity and the period of ontogenesis, exhibits various forms of morphological organization. Ideas about the structure and function of the thyroid gland were formed in the course of centuries of its study. Modern experimental and technical capabilities of the study of the body provided information about the structural and functional features of the thyroid gland and the numerical relationships of its structures at different levels of the organization. The aim of the study was to establish the features of the morphogenesis of the rats’ thyroid gland from 60 to 120 days of life after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using a personal computer based on the Windows XP operating system using the statistical package "Statistica for Windows 6.0" (StatSoftInc., Serial number №AXXR712D833214FAN5), Excel (Microsoft Office, USA). Methods of variation statistics were used. All research results were recorded in journals and protocols of primary documentation, as well as with the use of electronic media. Significance of differences between groups was assessed using Student-Fisher t-test for a confidence level of at least 95 % (p <0.05). During the study it was found that in the juvenile period the morphological structure of the rats’ thyroid gland of intact and control groups is finally formed, in the parts of which the peripheral and central parts with rather high sclerosing index (6.20 and 6.46, respectively) can be microscopically distinguished due to prevalence. the percentage of parenchymal component (60.82±1.13 % and 61.44±0.71 %) above the stroma (9.86±1.02 % and 9.53±0.94 %). The study of material obtained from animals prenatally exposed to dexamethasone showed a violation of the morphogenesis of histoarchitectonics of the thyroid gland with the formation of a lobular structure of its particles due to an increase in stromal component (23.63±0.88 %), which was expressed in a decrease in sclerosis index (2.364), but there was a compensatory increase in the percentage of follicular epithelium on the 120th day of life (55.87±0.79 %) compared with the 90th day (49.24±1.25 %), without morphological signs of functional disorders.
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Safari, Amin, Ali Shayanfar, and Ahad Kazemi. "A novel current injection model of PWMSC for control and analysis of power system stability." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 2 (2013): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1302349s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a novel current injection model of Pulse width Modulation based Series Compensator (PWMSC), as new FACTS controller, for damping of low frequency oscillations. The PWMSC operates as a means of continuous control of the degree of series compensation through the variation of the duty cycle of a train of fixed frequency-pulses. The methodology is tested on the sample single machine power system including PWMSC controller by performing computer simulations for small and large distributions. MATLAB/ Simulink software package was used for the simulations.
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Zheng, Wei, Shi Qun Li, Yong Zhi, Run Qing Bai, Chen Liang, and Jian Ru Wan. "Research on Effects of STATCOM on Voltage in Wind Farm Based on PSASP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1320.
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Recently, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device has been installed in Jiuquan wind farm in Gansu Province. To study its ability to support voltage, this paper presents a study of the mathematical model of the steady state and transient state of STATCOM and then uses the power system analysis software package (PSASP) to establish a user-defined model of STATCOM. In addition, the model is added into the power system example (CEPRI 7). After that, the power flow calculation and transient stability calculation are carried out to simulate and analyze. At last the STATCOM device is field tested in Jiuquan wind power base. Test results verify that STATCOM effectively supports the grid voltage.
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Mejeed, Raghad Ali, Ahmed K. Jameil, and Husham Idan Hussein. "Harmonic Amplification Damping Using a DSTATCOM-based Artificial Intelligence Controller." International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control 9, no. 4 (September 17, 2019): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210327909666190611142348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background & Objective: Harmonic amplification is one of the primary issues in power system networks. The objective of this study is to manage the harmonic event and its significant effects on power quality. A new control approach that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) is proposed and applied to a Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM). DSTATCOM is a FACTS device that can achieve highly effective reactive power compensation to reduce and/or damp the harmonic amplification in power system networks. Results & Conclusion: Simulation results are obtained using the MATLAB/Simulink package. The validity and effectiveness of using the AI approach are proven based on the DSTATCOM FACTs device with linear and nonlinear loads. Analysis results are discussed.
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Babaarslan, O., C. Iype, and G. A. V. Leaf. "Winding of Conical Packages at Constant Delivery Rate. Part II: A New Tension Compensatory System for Use in Fixed Rate Delivery." Journal of the Textile Institute 88, no. 2 (January 1997): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405009708658537.
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He, Yuxin, Chao Liu, Heping Xie, Jingchen Wang, Yang Wang, Wenhua Zhuang, and Xiao Tan. "Does Deep-Underground Storage Stimulate the Germination of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Seed?" Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 6 (May 15, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n6p23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture is a crucial area to be considered when exploring and exploiting the use of deep-underground space. We investigated the feasibility of deep-underground seed storage by keeping canola seed in either envelopes or sealed packages at four depths below the Earth’s surface (0, 240, 690, and 1410 m) at a gold mine in northeastern China. We studied the effects of storage depth and duration by conducting germination tests with the stored seed. The results showed that the rate of germination was reduced in seed stored at deeper levels and was also lower at all depths after a more prolonged period of storage. Seeds from sealed packages exhibited better resistance to the deep-underground environment than seeds kept in envelopes. However, measurements of hypocotyl lengths and biomass accumulation revealed that the germination of seeds stored in deep-underground was initially inhibited but recovered well compared with the control as the storage depth increased. The total biomass of the hypocotyl increased as the depth of seed storage deepened, indicating the existence of a compensatory effect on seed germination. The findings suggest that short-term deep-underground storage of seeds in sealed packages would improve the germination performance of cultivated canola in terms of the hypocotyl length and biomass accumulation and might be considered as a pre-sowing strategy.
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Yatsun, S. F., V. M. Antipov, A. Ye Karlov, and M. Al Manji Hamil Hamed. "Load Lifting in the Exoskeleton with Gravity Compensation." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 23, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-2-8-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose of research. Currently, exoskeletons are getting widespread use. They enhance human capabilities in terms of ease of movement, carrying loads and different types of activities that require considerable effort. Especially effective are those exoskeletons that make it possible to make complex types of movement of both for the lower and upper limbs, which significantly expands the capabilities of a person when performing loading and unloading operations. Relatively recently, they have started the development of exoskeletons which use the elements of gravity compensation. Therfore, the study of energy costs in the process of load lifting and the study of gravitational compensators influence on the magnitude of moments made by the electric drives of the femoral and knee joints, is relevant and is revealed in this paper.Methods. Methods of system analysis, design of biotechnical systems, control theory, theory of mechanisms and machines, methods of mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, methods of optimal planning and design were used to solve the problems. Mathematical packages Matlab/Simulink were used to make software products.Results. The study shows that the use of gravity compensators can significantly reduce the load on electrodrives. The movement of load is due to the operation of engines located in the area of ankle, knee and thigh joints. Since the movement of the exoskeleton occurs in the sagittal plane during load lifting, the position of the exoskeleton links in space is determined by four independent parameters.Conclusion. The mathematical model of load lifting by a man in an exoskeleton has been developed. Mathematical modeling of the process of load lifting with the help of exoskeleton electric drives has been made. A special attention is paid to the study of gravitational compensators influence on the magnitude of moments created by the electric drives of femoral and knee joints. It shows that the use of gravity compensators can significantly reduce the load on electric drives. Also, the study of energy costs in the process of load lifting has been conducted.
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Levon, Olena, Sergey Kozlov, Sergey Rumar, and Nataliya Kuzmenko. "RESEARCH OF THE OPERATION OF A TWO-CIRCUIT CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE COMPENSATOR OF INACTIVE COMPONENTS OF THE FULL POWER." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 10(152) (April 24, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2020.09.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents a model of a semiconductor compensator with an additional fuzzy control loop for the level of higher harmonics of the supply network current. The model was created and tested in the MATLAB 7.0.1 package. The dependences of the level of switching overvoltages, as well as the level of the amplitude of a single harmonic of the current of the supply network, on the relative voltage across the storage capacitor are investigated. The possibility of effective control of the amplitude level of a separate harmonic of the supply network current is shown. Graphical dependencies were obtained by means of modeling, their analysis was carried out, which confirmed the theoretical conclusions that must be taken into account when setting the parameters of a fuzzy controller. The use of an additional control loop for the level of a single harmonic makes it possible to adapt the proposed digital control system to varying conditions of the power system. The ability to adapt the pro-proponated digital control system in the energy system’s minus has been brought to the table, and the additional contour to regulate the level of the taken harmonic system has been added.
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Al-Shuka, Hayder F. N. "Proxy-Based Sliding Mode Vibration Control with an Adaptive Approximation Compensator for Euler-Bernoulli Smart Beams." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Proxy-based sliding mode control PSMC is an improved version of PID control that combines the features of PID and sliding mode control SMC with continuously dynamic behaviour. However, the stability of the control architecture maybe not well addressed. Consequently, this work is focused on modification of the original version of the proxy-based sliding mode control PSMC by adding an adaptive approximation compensator AAC term for vibration control of an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The role of the AAC term is to compensate for unmodelled dynamics and make the stability proof more easily. The stability of the proposed control algorithm is systematically proved using Lyapunov theory. Multi-modal equation of motion is derived using the Galerkin method. The state variables of the multi-modal equation are expressed in terms of modal amplitudes that should be regulated via the proposed control system. The proposed control structure is implemented on a simply supported beam with two piezo-patches. The simulation experiments are performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK package. The locations of piezo-transducers are optimally placed on the beam. A detailed comparison study is implemented including three scenarios. Scenario 1 includes disturbing the smart beam while no feedback loop is established (open-loop system). In scenario 2, a PD controller is applied on the vibrating beam. Whereas, scenario 3 includes implementation of the PSMC+AAC. For all previously mentioned scenarios, two types of disturbances are applied separately: 1) an impulse force of 1 N peak and 1 s pulse width, and 2) a sinusoidal disturbance with 0.5 N amplitude and 20 Hz frequency. For impulse disturbance signals, the results show the superiority of the PSMC+AAC in comparison with the conventional PD control. Whereas, both the PSMC+ACC and the PD control work well in the case of a sinusoidal disturbance signal and the superiority of the PSMC is not clear.
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Lutonin, A. S., and J. E. Shklyarskiy. "Topology and control algorithms for a permanent magnet synchronous motor as a part of a vehicle with in-wheel motors." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126604001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes an electric drive system’s topology with a permanent magnet synchronous motor for a wide speed range applications. Topology consists of a synchronous motor with permanent magnets (PMSM) and two inverters connected to the beginnings and to the ends of the PMSM’s stator windings. The first inverter is connected to a storage battery, while the other one to a floating bridge capacitor, which acts as a back-EMF compensator. The article proposes electric drive system topolo-gy and its control algorithm. Simulation modeling was implemented by the MATLAB/Simulink software package. Simulation results shows that the proposed electric drive system, in comparison with the standard topology with a «star» stator windings connection, is able to increase the maximum speed of PMSM in the field weakening mode by 17%. The maximum achievable torque on the rotor shaft at the maximum speed of the PMSM motor was increased by 16.6%. Also, developed topology allows to in-crease the speed range in the constant torque mode by 34%.
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Pechenik, M., S. Burian, M. Pushkar, and H. Zemlianukhina. "Electromechanical system of turbomechanism when using an alternative source of electric energy." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-2/061.
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Purpose. Development of a water supply unit in the conditions of pressure control fed from a renewable source of electric energy with static compensator (STATCOM). Methodology. The research was carried out by the method of mathematical modeling in the application packages MATLAB SimPowerSystems and Simulink. The object of the study is a turbomechanism control system, which is powered by a wind turbine when regulating the voltage and realizes the pressure stabilization during the daily cycle of hydraulic resistance variations. The subject of the study is the structure development of a given level of pressure stabilization in the water supply unit. Findings. A mathematical model of a water supply control system powered by a wind turbine is presented. The unit tests the pressure at a given level in accordance with technological requirements. The nature of the variation in pump performance within the daily cycle of consumption when powered by a wind turbine, which in turn performs regulation using a static compensator, is studied. Originality. The system regulates the generated voltage by using a STATCOM, which allows you to maintain its level constant regardless of changes in the network hydraulic resistance. Practical value. Today, the use of alternative energy sources is becoming increasingly important. The developed conception will allow improving the existing water supply systems and designing new ones. It allows you to adjust the set level of pressure stabilization, while the output of generator is maintained constant under constant wind conditions.
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Helga-Maria, C., Marie-Louise Hammarskjöld, and David Rekosh. "An Intact TAR Element and Cytoplasmic Localization Are Necessary for Efficient Packaging of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genomic RNA." Journal of Virology 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 4127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.5.4127-4135.1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Although most reports defining the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomic RNA packaging signal have focused on the region downstream of the major 5′ splice site, others have suggested that sequences upstream of the splice site may also play an important role. In this study we have directly examined the role played by the HIV-1 TAR region in RNA packaging. For these experiments we used a proviral expression system that is largely independent of Tat for transcriptional activation. This allowed us to create constructs that efficiently expressed RNAs carrying mutations in TAR and to determine the ability of these RNAs to be packaged. Our results indicate that loss of sequences in TAR significantly reduce the ability of a viral RNA to be packaged. The requirement for TAR sequences in RNA packaging was further examined by using a series of missense mutations positioned throughout the entire TAR structure. TAR mutations previously shown to influence Tat transactivation, such as G31U in the upper loop region or UCU to AAG in the bulge (nucleotides [nt] 22 to 24), failed to have any effect on RNA packaging. Mutations which disrupted the portion of the TAR stem immediately below the bulge also had little effect. In contrast, dramatic effects on RNA packaging were observed with constructs containing mutations in the lower portion of the TAR stem. Point mutations which altered nt 5 to 9, 10 to 15, 44 to 49, or 50 to 54 all reduced RNA packaging 11- to 25-fold. However, compensatory double mutations which restored the stem structure were able to restore packaging. These results indicate that an intact lower stem structure, rather than a specific sequence, is required for RNA packaging. Our results also showed that RNA molecules retained within the nucleus cannot be packaged, unless they are transported to the cytoplasm by either Rev/Rev response element or the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus constitutive transport element.
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Ma, Yayu, Zhaoyong Mao, and Kehan Zhang. "Optimization Design of Planar Circle Coil for Limited-Size Wireless Power Transfer System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power Transfer Efficiency (PTE) and Transferred Power (TP) are two crucial indicators of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system. However, in most compensatory topologies, the ideal coils design parameters of PTE and TP are inconsistent, implying that optimizing for one indicator would make another indicator less effective. As a result, in this article, the Thompson sampling efficient multi-objective optimization (TSEMO) algorithm is used to simultaneously optimize PTE and TP in the S-S compensation topology. Through the co-calculation of MATLAB and COMSOL, the coils can be optimized in the environment of magnetic material (ferrite) and conductive material (aluminum). Coils larger than the underwater vehicle’s size are deleted during the data interaction between MATLAB and COMSOL to guarantee that the optimal PTE and TP can be attained within the constrained area. Due to the open standard external software packages between MATLAB and COMSOL, the entire optimization process may be automated. The results show that for WPT systems with restricted input voltage, such as the battery, this design strategy can achieve better TP at the expense of lower PTE, which is highly beneficial in improving the system’s overall performance.
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El-Sinawi, Ameen H., Mohammad H. AlHamaydeh, and Ali A. Jhemi. "Optimal Control of Magnetorheological Fluid Dampers for Seismic Isolation of Structures." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/251935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the modeling and control of a magnetorheological (MR) damper, installed in Chevron configuration, at the base of a 20-story benchmark building. The building structural model is created using the commercial software package ETABS. The MR damper model is derived from Bouc-Wen hysteresis model which provides the critical nonlinear dynamics that best represents the MR damper under a wide range of operating conditions. System identification is used to derive a low-order nonlinear model that best mimics the nonlinear dynamics of the actual MR damper. Dynamic behavior of this low-order model is tested and validated over a range of inputs. The damper model has proven its validity to a high degree of accuracy against the nonlinear model. A Kalman filter is designed to best estimate the state of the structure-damper system for feedback implementation purposes. Using the estimated states, an LQG-based compensator is designed to control the MR damper under earthquake loads. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this control strategy, four historical earthquakes are applied to the structure. Controlled and uncontrolled floor accelerations and displacements at key locations are compared. Results of the optimally controlled model demonstrate superior performance in comparison to the uncontrolled model.
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Fields, Melanie E., Kristin Guilliams, Dustin Ragan, Lauren H. Yaeger, Monica L. Hulbert, Andria Ford, and Jin-Moo Lee. "A Meta-Analytic Comparison of Cerebral Blood Flow As Measured By MRI in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Versus Healthy Controls." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1391.1391.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Stroke and its neurocognitive sequelae are devastating complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). Cerebral blood flow (CBF), a measure of tissue specific blood flow in the brain, is a key part of cerebral metabolism, and can provide insight into the pathophysiology of the neurologic complications of SCD. Previous work suggests that CBF is elevated in SCD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Elevated CBF likely represents a compensatory mechanism to maintain cerebral oxygen delivery and metabolism in the setting of decreased arterial oxygen content secondary to chronic anemia. Previous studies are limited by small sample size and variations in imaging technique, making meta-analysis an alluring method for obtaining large numbers of participants to determine and compare population norms. Therefore, we performed a systematic meta-analysis to establish normal CBF values as measured by arterial spin labeled perfusion MR imaging (ASL) in pediatric HC and SCD populations, hypothesizing that CBF would be elevated in children with SCD when compared to a HC cohort. A systematic literature search was performed in 02/2014 for the HC cohort, and 06/2014 for the SCD cohort in Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. Whole brain cerebral blood flow (WB-CBF) measurements obtained by ASL in participants from 1 - 18 years (yr) were necessary for inclusion in both cohorts, and a diagnosis of hemoglobin SS or hemoglobin S-Beta thalassemia null for inclusion in the SCD cohort. ASL is the preferred imaging modality for CBF in pediatrics because ASL non-invasively measures CBF without the use of an exogenous contrast agent or ionizing radiation exposure. Data was excluded from the HC cohort if a medical disorder known to affect CBF was reported. Analysis included determination of mean WB-CBF values weighted by the inverse variance with 95% confidence intervals (CI) stratified by mean age, which was categorized as 1-9 yr and 9-18 yr secondary to known CBF changes throughout development. Statistical heterogeneity, or between-study variability, was assessed with Cochrane's Χ2 and I2. An I2 value greater than 30% was used as the threshold for analysis with a random-effects model. A funnel plot of the effect estimates versus the sample size for each individual study was used to assess for publication bias. Metaregression was used to determine the contribution of covariates to between-study heterogeneity in measurements of WB-CBF. All analyses were performed with STATA 13.1 (College Station, Texas) using the METAN software package. The literature search produced 155 articles for HC patients, and 12 articles for SCD patients; 8 publications met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the HC cohort (89 children) and 4 publications for SCD cohort (92 children). Between the ages of 1 – 9 yr, mean WB-CBF in HC children was 67.6 ml/100 g/min (95% CI 37.9, 97.2), and mean WB-CBF in children with SCD was 117.0 ml/100 g/min (95%CI 48.7, 185.4). Between the ages of 10 – 18 yr, mean WB-CBF in HC children was 60.8 ml/100 g/min (95% CI 37.7, 83.9), and mean WB-CBF in children with SCD was 68.4 ml/100 g/min (95% CI 50.5, 86.3) (figures 1 and 2). The difference between the two cohorts is not statistically significant because of overlapping CI. The CochraneÕs X2 was significant with a p < 0.001 in all 4 analysis, with the I2 for each analysis ranging from 93.1% - 98.9%, indicating significant between-study heterogeneity. Mean age, ASL labeling technique, MRI vendor, and magnet strength, were not significant predictors of between-study heterogeneity within the HC cohort after controlling for multiple comparisons with the Bonferroni correction. Metaregression analysis of the SCD cohort could not be performed secondary to insufficient number of studies. Visual inspection of funnel plots did not provide evidence of publication bias. Mean WB-CBF as determined by meta-analysis in younger SCD patients is higher than mean WB-CBF in HC children, with little difference seen in older children. These findings suggest that younger children with SCD require increased compensation via elevated CBF to maintain cerebral oxygen metabolism when compared to older children. The significant between-study heterogeneity and wide CI illustrate a need to standardize the ASL technique for CBF measurement within pediatric HC and SCD populations, and the importance of including an age-matched control population when measuring CBF in SCD children. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hussein, Tawfiq, and Awad Shamekh. "Design of PI Fuzzy Logic Gain Scheduling Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Power Systems." Designs 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs3020026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper the use of the proportional integral (PI) algorithm incorporated with the fuzzy logic technique has been proposed as advanced gain scheduling load frequency control (GLFC) in two-area power systems. The proposed controller comprises two-level control systems, such that it consists of a pure integral compensator which is connected in parallel with a PI controller. However, and based on load demand, the PI parameters are updated online by means of fuzzy logic rules. With this control technique it becomes possible to eliminate steady state errors as well as to maintain good transient responses. The task of keeping a stable and overall satisfactory mode of operation in interconnected electric power systems is the main goal of any control strategy. This should be guaranteed over a wide range of operating conditions and particularly in sudden and drastic load changes. Therefore, the suggested approach has been examined following abnormal changes in loading conditions to clarify its reliability. The report also investigates the performance of the pure integral (I) controller and GLFC in individual configurations to highlight the advantages of the offered algorithm over the standard ones. The criterion of integral square error (ISE) has been exploited in the performance assessment for the designed controllers. Several simulation scenarios have been conducted, using the MATLAB–Simulink package, to illustrate the proficiency of the developed technique.
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Tabe, Yoko, Kaori Saito, Kotoko Yamatani, Haeun Yang, Rodrigo Jacamo, Helen Ma, Vivian Ruvolo, et al. "The Direct Interactions with Bone Marrow Microenvironment Confer Resistance to the Inhibition of Oxidative Phosphorylation in AML." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-137366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for survival and continually adapt to the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We investigated how the BM microenvironment impacts the response to energy-depriving OxPhos inhibition in AML using a novel complex I OxPhos inhibitor (OxPhosi), IACS-010759. We have reported that OxPhosi-resistant primary AML samples demonstrated higher baseline transcription of genes related to cell adhesion, integrin and/or Rho GTPase family genes that modulate intracellular actin dynamics. (Yang et al. ASH 2019) In this study, we performed Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) transcriptome analyses using IACS-010759-sensitive and -resistant AML PDXs. CAGE identifies and quantifies the 5' ends of capped mRNA transcripts (= transcription start sites) and allows investigating promoter structures necessary for gene expression. Primary AML cells from 9 AML PDXs were injected into irradiated NSG mice, which were randomized upon documented engraftment to receive IACS-010759 or vehicle (n = 3/group). The antileukemia efficacy of the treatment was monitored by serial measurements of circulating AML cells. Of the 9 models tested, we defined 4 PDXs as sensitive and 5 as resistant to OxPhos inhibitor therapy. In the resistant models, CAGE analysis of OxPhosi-induced changes (comparing pretreatment with posttreatment) identified upregulation of 77 promoters and downregulation of 207 promoters (log 2-fold change > 3.0, FDR < 0.05, EdgeR), including increased promoter expression (>3.0 fold) of genes associated with adhesion (CCR8,ADGRB2, LAG3, BMF, ATN1, PLXDC1), migration (CCR8, NKX3-2, TMEM123, IGLV7-43, FAM171A1, LBX2, TRAV21, PPP2R5C, BMF, PLXDC1), and actin cytoskeleton dynamics (FAM171A1, BMF, BEST1, PLXDC1). Of note, the 6 adhesion-associated promoters that were upregulated by OxPhosi in 5 of the OxPhosi-resistant mouse models were unchanged or downregulated in the 4 OxPhosi-sensitive models. We then used DEGseq, an R package for identifying differentially expressed genes, to identify promoters whose expression was different between OxPhosi-treated and vehicle-treated groups in the OxPhosi-resistant mouse models. DEGseq detected consistent changes of 214 upregulated and 626 downregulated promoters with OxPhosi treatment in all 5 mouse models. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed with these consistently changed genes and revealed that OxPhos inhibitor treatment significantly upregulated the transcripts of cell adhesion pathway. We then confirmed that BM derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) protected OxPhosi-sensitive OCI-AML3 cells; the IC50 of IACS-010759 under MSC coculture was 80-fold higher than in monoculture conditions (IC50; 0.04 nM in monoculture vs. 3.25 nM in coculture), and IACS-010759 (10nM) induced 55% reduction of viable cells in coculture condition as compared to 70% reduction in monoculture. We further observed that OCI-AML3 cells adhered to MSCs were more profoundly protected from OxPhosi induced apoptosis than nonadherent cells. These results indicate that BM stromal cells, in particular those in direct contact with leukemia cells, play a key role in the microenvironment-mediated protection of AML cells from metabolic stress caused by OxPhos blockade. We further observed promoter upregulation of ASS1, coding Argininosuccinate Synthase 1 and of LRP1, coding LDL Receptor Related Protein 1. Argininosuccinate Synthase 1 is an epigenetically regulated key enzyme in the biosynthesis of arginine and energy starvation that induces adaptive transcriptional upregulation of ASS1. LDL Receptor Related Protein 1 plays a major role in lipid metabolism and has been reported to be responsible for hemin-induced autophagy in leukemia cells. These might contribute to intrinsic AML resistance to OxPhosi via activation of compensatory metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Taken together, our data highlight the importance of direct interaction with BM stromal cells as well as complementally modification of amino acid- and lipid metabolism for the resistance of AML cells to OxPhos inhibition. While the mechanisms of stroma-leukemia interactions are likely complex, reducing the adhesion of AML cells to nurturing stromal cells ameliorates the resistance to the metabolic and energetic consequences of OxPhos inhibition. Disclosures Andreeff: Amgen: Research Funding; Centre for Drug Research & Development; Cancer UK; NCI-CTEP; German Research Council; Leukemia Lymphoma Foundation (LLS); NCI-RDCRN (Rare Disease Clin Network); CLL Founcdation; BioLineRx; SentiBio; Aptose Biosciences, Inc: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi-Sankyo; Jazz Pharmaceuticals; Celgene; Amgen; AstraZeneca; 6 Dimensions Capital: Consultancy; Daiichi-Sankyo; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; CPRIT; NIH/NCI; Amgen; AstraZeneca: Research Funding. Konopleva:Rafael Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Reata Pharmaceutical Inc.;: Patents & Royalties: patents and royalties with patent US 7,795,305 B2 on CDDO-compounds and combination therapies, licensed to Reata Pharmaceutical; Sanofi: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ablynx: Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Forty-Seven: Consultancy, Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; F. Hoffmann La-Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kisoji: Consultancy; Calithera: Research Funding.
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Rong, Liwei, Rodney S. Russell, Jing Hu, Yongjun Guan, Lawrence Kleiman, Chen Liang, and Mark A. Wainberg. "Hydrophobic Amino Acids in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 p2 and Nucleocapsid Proteins Can Contribute to the Rescue of Deleted Viral RNA Packaging Signals." Journal of Virology 75, no. 16 (August 15, 2001): 7230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.16.7230-7243.2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT An RNA fragment of 75 nucleotides, which is located between the primer binding site and the 5′ major splice donor site in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, has been shown to participate in specific encapsidation of viral RNA. Compensation studies have identified two second-site mutations, namely, MP2 (a T12I substitution in p2) and MNC (a T24I substitution in the nucleocapsid [NC] protein) that were involved in the rescue of various deletions in the aforementioned RNA region (i.e., BH-D1, BH-D2, and BH-LD3). To study whether the MP2 and MNC point mutations exert their compensatory effects in a cis manner, production of Gag proteins was blocked by insertion of stop codons into LD3, LD3-MP2-MNC, and wild-type BH10 such that the constructs generated, i.e., LD3-DG, LD3-MP2-MNC-DG, and BH-DG, only provided RNA transcripts for packaging. The results of cotransfection experiments showed that the LD3-MP2-MNC-DG viral RNA was packaged as inefficiently as LD3-DG; in contrast, BH-DG was efficiently packaged. Therefore, nucleotide substitutions in MP2 and MNC did not act in a cis manner to correct the packaging deficits in LD3. Next, we deliberately changed the T12 in p2 or the T24 in the NC to each of 19 other amino acids. We found that amino acids with long hydrophobic side chains, i.e., V, L, I, and M, were favored at either position 12 in p2 or at position 24 in NC to compensate for the above-mentioned deletions. Further studies showed that only a few amino acids could not be used at these two sites by the wild-type virus due to decreased RNA levels in the virion or abnormal Gag protein processing. In this case, W, D, and E could not substitute for T12 in p2, and S, D, and N could not substitute for T24 in NC, without affecting viral infectivity. Therefore, the long hydrophobic side chains of V, L, I, and M are necessary for these amino acids to rescue the BH-D1, BH-D2, and BH-LD3 mutated viruses.
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Turitskaya, T. G., and A. G. Sidorenko. "Electrical activity dynamics of the hippocampus under caffeine influence." Ecology and Noospherology 25, no. 3-4 (April 25, 2014): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multiple studies have shown that the hippocampus is a major part of the limbic system of the brain. It has complex cyclic connections with other brain structures. The hippocampus is an area that stores the sensory information that is associated with effective programs of behavior. The projection of this region in the cortex creates a sense of emotional background, which is a factor of automatic extraction and evaluation of programs, in accordance with past experience, including programs got with a new consciousness. Neurons of hippocampus differ with a severe background activity. Up to 60% of neurons in the hippocampus are responding on the sensory stimulation. Electrical activity is a manifestation of complex shape analyzer processes in stimulating tissues. Changes in activity may indicate the occurrence of adaptive processes that are the result of stress- realizing and stress- limiting systems. One of the main roles in these systems plays hippocampus. The main neurotransmitters of synaptic stimulation in the hippocampus are glutamate. In the hippocampus under conditions of chronic stress are developing neurodegenerative processes in which primary importance belongs to prolonged changes in membrane potential of neurons that potentiate the action of glutamate on nerve cells. Balanced job of synaptic stimulation/inhibition and neurotransmitters systems is underlying the transmission, processing and storage of information in the hippocampus, as well as generating its rhythms, which is a kind of clock operating frequencies of the structure of the brain. Obviously, the various factors that affect the body from the outside can affect on recovery efficiency of electric shift of homeostasis. One of such factors are caffeinated substances, due to their inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase and interaction with the purine receptors, which ultimately leads to the predominance of stimulating in the brain. In addition, for many decades consumption of caffeinated products with neuro-stimulating properties have greatly increased. Leaders in this list remain coffee and tea. Today the well-known biological effects of caffeinated substances are investigated their chemical composition and process of the transformation in the body. The wide range of research is due to the high consumption of these substances. The environmental factors indirectly or directly, in combination or single affect health, and the caffeinated substances can go to one of the best in strength and impact performance. In neurochemical mechanism of stimulating effect of caffeine plays an important role its ability to bind to specific ("purine" or adenosine) receptors in the brain, the endogenous ligand for which is purine nucleoside – adenosine. The structural similarity of molecules of caffeine and adenosine contributes to this. Since adenosine is seen as a factor that reduces the stimulating processes in the brain, replacing its caffeine results in stimulative effect. Prolonged use of caffeine promotes the formation of new adenosine receptors and the effect of caffeine gradually decreases. However, the sudden cessation of caffeine consumption, adenosine covers all receptors that may lead to increased inhibition with symptoms of fatigue, sleepiness, depression. The relevance of this work is determined by the following observations. Activating mechanism of action of these substances is launching adaptive responses that represent the interaction stress-activating and stress-limiting systems. Energy shortage of the last one under these conditions can appear the cause of many neurodegenerative patalohiy. What may occur in terms of the electroencephalogramm. Electrical activity of the hippocampus, in turn, is one of the indicators of the functional state, which plays an important role in adaptive-compensatory reactions. Therefore, we can assume that prolonged consumption of caffeinated substances can lead to neurodegenerative changes that will show itself in terms of power on hippocampogramm. Therefore, the present study has to identify the dynamics of the bioelectrical activity of the hippocampus of rats under prolonged consumption of caffeinated substances. Experiments were carried out on non-linear white male rats. At the beginning rats were with weight 125–140 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of control animals (n = 20). The second group (n = 15) was presented by the animals feeded with pure caffeine in an amount of 150 mg/kg/day. Registration of electrohippocampogramm was performed in acute experiments in the subgroup of 3–5 animals every 2 weeks throughout the study, which lasted for 8 weeks. Background electrical activity of the hippocampus were recorded using standard electrophysiological complex equipment. Recordings started when the electrical activity of the hippocampus disappeared drugs spindle. Each animal spent 10–12 records for 1–2 minutes and then these records are digitally stored on a personal computer and processed using the application package consisting of "MathCAD 2001". Analyzed spectral power (mkV2) and normalized power (%) waves of background electrical activity of the hippocampus within common frequency bands. In the group of animals that continued to receive caffeine in its pure form at the beginning of experiment was observed desynchronization of rhythms in hippocampogramm that after 8 weeks of the study varied synchronization. The results may indicate that the effect of coffeine substances on neurophysiological parameters of electrical activity of the hippocampus of rats reflects one of the many lines of action of some form of nutritional stress, which mechanisms relate to the agreed work and limiting and activating systems of the brain over time.
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Sednin, V. A., and T. V. Bubyr. "Numerical Study of Complex Heat Transfer in Blown Impassable Channels of Heating Mains." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-1-61-76.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of operation of thermal networks, placed in impassable channels, the authors previously proposed the scheme-and-structural decision of the regenerative-utilization heat consumption. The technology of forced ventilation of the channel by external followed by the cooling of air and utilization of the withdrawn heat is presented. Research of processes of heat exchange between a stream of air and pipelines of network water on the one hand and between a stream of air and walls of the channel on another hand is a determinant for realization of the presented technology of increase of efficiency of operation of the considered heating mains. Convective heat transfer with the listed components of the channel structure is quite difficult to reduce to any canonical form which makes it possible to use the available design dependences. It is immeasurably more difficult to find a solution when considering the processes of forced convection jointly. Heat exchange takes place in a channel of complex shape that is determined by the presence of supports, compensators and turns along the length of the channel. In the cross section, the sizes of the structure and the restriction of the air flow are determined by a standard size range of diameters of the network water pipelines. Under these conditions, the use of any real experimental facility is associated with unacceptable idealization and the corresponding error, unsuitable for practical use. Full-scale tests can be considered only to verify the adequacy of the experimental results. The way out of this situation can be a usage of a virtual experimental facility created on the basis of a standard software package (in the case under consideration the ANSYS was used). The approaches of creating a virtual experimental facility for the study of heat transfer and aerodynamics in the blown impassable channels of heating mains and methods of conducting experiment using the theory of its planning are considered.