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Статті в журналах з теми "Comparative typology"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 лютого 2025

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1

Yuldasheva, Mastona. "COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY LINGUISTICS." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-05.

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2

Uktamovna, Khusenova Mekhriniso. "COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue06-08.

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Анотація:

Comparative linguistics, or comparative-historical linguistics (formerly comparative philology ) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness. This article focuses on the comparative typology of English, Uzbek and discusses the formation of comparative typology as a science, its methods of analysis, and the relations it with other linguistic subjects. Key words-comparative typology, confrontative linguistics, contrastive linguistics, linguistic characterology, comparativists, notions of a type of a language and a type in a language, linguistic universals, recessives and uncials

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3

Salokhiddinov, Manuchehr, and Oybek Rabimov. "Comparative analysis of language typology and its tasks." Общество и инновации 2, no. 12/S (February 5, 2022): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss12/s-pp319-322.

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Анотація:

Comparative language typology is part of the general typology of linguistics. She studies systems of two or more languages, certain categories of languages in a deductive way (from external to internal). Comparative linguistic typology, as the concept itself shows, is a linguistic subject of typology based on the method of comparison. Comparative typology can equally consider only dominant or common features, as well as only distinctive features that occur in languages of the same structural type (synthetic, analytical, agglutinative, etc.) or in languages of different structural types (synthetic and analytical, agglutinative and incorporated, etc.). The classification of the main essential features of languages, and their most important characteristics and patterns, are the subject of comparative linguistic typology. The task of comparative linguistic typology is to create general typological rules and concepts by comparing linguistic phenomena of different languages. Classification of the main essential features of languages, the most important characteristics and regularities are the subject of comparative typology. The task of Comparative Typology is to create General typological rules and conceptions by comparing linguistic phenomena of various languages.

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4

Lehmann, Winfred P. "Word order typology and comparative constructions." Lingua 70, no. 2-3 (November 1986): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(86)90041-0.

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5

Kurabe, Keita. "Jinghpaw loanword typology." Asian Languages and Linguistics 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.00009.kur.

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Abstract Jinghpaw is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in northern Burma and adjacent areas of China and India. The language is known for both its conservative nature (e.g., comparative Tibeto-Burman linguistics) and the innovative nature of its speakers (e.g., social anthropology of highland Burma). In view of this duality, this paper explores the Jinghpaw lexicon asking whether it is conservative enough to shed great light on the reconstruction of the proto-language or whether it is innovative, having undergone a grand-scale lexical replacement under intensive contact. This paper addresses this question by measuring the lexical borrowing rate in the language based on the methodology laid out by the Loanword Typology (LWT) project. The results put Jinghpaw among average borrower languages in terms of the borrowability scale of the world’s languages. This study concludes that the Jinghpaw lexicon, especially its basic vocabulary, is relatively conservative, and the semantic fields affected by borrowing are mostly restricted to those that show high cross-linguistic susceptibility to intercultural influences. The results and discussion in this paper enable further understanding of comparative Tibeto-Burman linguistics and contact linguistics of northern Burma and beyond.

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6

Donohue, Mark. "Typology and Areality." Language Dynamics and Change 2, no. 1 (2012): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-20120203.

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AbstractAnalysis of typological features has received much attention in recent years. Despite claims that such analysis replicates the families and subgroups of families that are the product of work using the comparative method, there is strong evidence that the geographic distribution of typological features reflects socio-geographically relevant areas, rather than historically related subgroups. Further, different subsets of data can reveal different kinds of contact events, or at least the effects of different kinds of contact.

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7

Walker, Ronald W., and John A. Hawkins. "A Comparative Typology of English and German." Modern Language Journal 71, no. 1 (1987): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/326787.

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8

Hrypas, O. "TYPOLOGY OF ASSOCIATIVE LINKS IN COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES." International Humanitarian University Herald. Philology 1, no. 45 (2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32841/2409-1154.2020.45-1.3.

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9

Shannon, Thomas F., and John A. Hawkins. "A Comparative Typology of English and German." Language 64, no. 4 (December 1988): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414586.

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10

Mucivuna, Vanessa Costa, Emmanuel Reynard, and Maria da Glória Motta Garcia. "Geomorphosites Assessment Methods: Comparative Analysis and Typology." Geoheritage 11, no. 4 (August 16, 2019): 1799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00394-x.

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11

Buniiatova, Izabella. "COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS: AIMS, TARGETS, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.2.

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Анотація:

This is a survey of comparative linguistics viewed as a set of the related paradigms that embrace comparative historical linguistics, aerial linguistics, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics. The treatment of the science in question is largely based on the author’s long-standing experience deduced from research projects and from teaching it as a University professor. Placing the aforementioned paradigms under the umbrella concept “comparative linguistics” seems relevant and appropriate due to their sharing the key tool of investigation, i.e., COMPARISON, also due to their providing each other with applicable procedures and principles, as in case of two seemingly closer pairs, comparative historical and aerial areal linguistics, on the one hand, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics, on the other hand.

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12

Desző, Lásló. "Synchrony, diachrony and Greenberg's state-process model: From the viewpoint of typological characterization." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864109d.

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Анотація:

After a brief survey of the history of diachronic typology, the author focuses his attention on the typological methods applied to historical comparative linguistics. Then some basic issues of Greenberg's state-process model are examined as a possible model for diachronic typology. Morphological and word-order typology are used for the illustration of the author's statements and comments.

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13

Litiaga, V. "PROBLEMS OF COMPARATIVE-HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC AND LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 33 (2018): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2018.33.03.

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The article analyzes basic scientific approaches to the interpretation of the terms of «linguoculturology», «linguistic conceptology» and «linguistic concept». We consider the relationship of language and culture, and the role of the term «concept» in this regard. In the article we structured the term «concept» from a linguocultural point of view. These theoretical considerations are the basis for the study of ways and mean of forming a conceptual image of Kyiv Rus in the French medieval linguistic cultural picture of the world. The aim of this article is to examine the influence of the country’s image on shaping the bilateral relations between Ukraine and France in a linguocultural conceptual aspect. The article reveals the main semantic and linguoconceptual aspects of medieval French culture. It shows the links between historical and actual aspects of the conceptual sphere in the formation of public opinion in contemporary international relations. Despite the increasing interest of the scholars in the influence that the image of country may have on bilateral relations, this topic has been under‐researched. This article presents the author’s insights based on theoretical and empirical studies that could shed some new light on this important topic. By looking at the «linguocultural» aspect of the relationship between Kyiv Rus and France in the Medieval times the article gives a basic analysis of the process of country image formation since the tenth century and its impact on present times. The article also provides a basis for further linguistic research of this topic.

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14

Arcodia, Giorgio Francesco. "Macanese Negation in Comparative Perspective: Typology and Ecology." Journal of Language Contact 14, no. 3 (August 23, 2022): 557–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-14030003.

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Abstract Macanese, the near-extinct Portuguese creole of Macao, is an Asian Portuguese Creole language closely related to Malaccan Papia Kristang. In this paper, I argue that a distinctive feature of Macanese vis-à-vis other Asian Portuguese Creoles is its system of negation; specifically, its usage of the negators nunca and nádi. Negators deriving from Portuguese nunca ‘never’ and não há-de ‘shall not’ are attested in several Asian Portuguese Creoles: while their usage varies considerably, the former usually acts as the negator for realis predicates, whereas the latter typically negates irrealis predicates. In this paper I argue that, differently from other Asian Portuguese Creoles, Macanese nunca is also the only available negator for adjectival and nominal predicates, independently from tam features. Through a comparison with other Asian Portuguese creoles, and with the adstrates and substrates of Macanese, I also discuss the possible origin of these features.

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15

Teterina, O. "I.Kaczurowskyj's comparative model: between genetic contactology and typology." Science and Education a New Dimension VIII(235), no. 70 (September 20, 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-ph2020-235viii70-11.

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16

Abiev, B. M., and B. K. Serdali. "Problems of Discourse Typology in Linguistics." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 129, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2023-3/2664-0686.08.

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Анотація:

When defining the term Discourse, the difference between its content and structure converges on the basis of speech, the presentation of one's own thoughts. Social activity requires consideration of discourse in the context of communicative activity, taking into account its inseparable socio-psychological characteristics. In linguistic science, even in the context of the structure of discourse, the vision of scientists-researchers in the general solution has not been formed. Nevertheless, it is obvious that there is a certain system of steps of organized communication and the structure of the exchange of speech actions. In the article, some typology sections are conventionally named “typology”, “structural typology”, “comparative typology”, “regional typology”, “counterlinguistics”, “linguistic universals”, “translation grammar”, “comparative typological linguistics” and others. The terms “matching” and “comparison method” are often synonymous. Such a proliferation of terms shows that linguistic typology is not yet firmly established as a science. In linguistics, it includes the discipline of each section and all types of linguistic typology, the juxtaposition of comparative and typological methods, the typological description of related and unrelated languages, characteristic and uncharacteristic studies, etc. To determine such contradictory views, these studies were and are necessary. On the one hand, modern journalistic discourse is characterized by an abundance of template forms of Moderna, ready-made blocks, turns and speech stereotypes. On the other hand, journalism is full of methods and forms that are not fixed in the language sphere and created in a certain speech situation with a certain communicative purpose. Among the many media typical of Moderna discourse, the main focus is on influencing the information and emotions of the addressee and achieving a positive communicative result. These concepts are also significantly disclosed in the article.

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17

Turkdogan, Turgut, Erdinc Duru, and Murat Balkis. "Circumplex Model of Family Dynamics in Turkish Families: A Comparative Typological Perspective." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 55, no. 1 (November 1, 2024): 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.55.1.03.

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Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems is a major systemic theory that aims to define the balanced and extreme psychological patterns of family systems with a multicultural perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Circumplex Model-based family typology in a collectivistic Eurasian country. Data obtained from 807 college students agreed to participate in the study. Latent profile analysis was performed to examine the validity of the proposed typology, and a series of linear trend analyses were performed to test whether family functioning and psychological outcomes differ significantly across family types in proposed models. Circumplex Model-based family typology emerged with unique profiles, and the analyses produced theoretically extreme but culturally normative typology for the collectivistic Turkish family system. Current findings supported the fundamental hypothesis of the Circumplex Model, in that even families with optimal functionality may not be completely free of unbalanced structural dynamics.

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18

Weingarten, Rüdiger. "Comparative graphematics." Written Language and Literacy 14, no. 1 (February 17, 2011): 12–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.14.1.02wei.

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Анотація:

This paper seeks to outline comparative graphematics as a linguistic approach within writing systems research and typology. In addition to providing a general outline of the approach and its benefits, it is exemplified through a discussion of the relation between the gemination of consonant letters and the graphemic representation of long consonants. Two different approaches within comparative graphematics are applied, one that asks about the meaning or function of the units of writing systems and one that starts with linguistic (e.g. phonological or morphological) units or structures and looks at whether they are represented (and, if so, how) in various writing systems. Consequently, two different typological matrices are presented. Moreover, through a combination of historical and comparative perspectives, the paper investigates the diachronic transitions in the functions of a graphemic construction, as observed within the history of a single writing system or in its adoption within several systems. It is shown that an inherited construction, such as the germination of consonant letters, can be reanalysed; if it loses its former representational function during the course of language change, it may subsequently be utilized for different purposes. A construction may also remain as an ‘evolutionary vestige’ within a writing system, at least for some time. Similar forms of reanalysis can be found if a construction is applied to a new language. Keywords: graphematics; orthography; writing system; script; comparative linguistics; cross-linguistic studies; typology; germination

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19

Adir, Victor. "A Comparative Study Concerning Airlines Logos." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 11 (December 27, 2017): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i11.2850.

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Анотація:

This paper is a study concerning the design of airlines logos all over the world, that is, what symbols, signs and colours are used to create this special identity. This study, which was realised on a hundred airlines, revealed interesting facts related to the main principles that govern the logo design. We were interested to see if special drawings that express a company are related to the represented country, because we found a lot of similarity in this. In the centre of the study was the logo, as an important graphic element to identify an airline company. We identified the typology of logos, known as iconic, logotype and complex logos. This paper is a plea for this wonderful graphic element, that is, the Logo. Keywords: Airline, logo design, typology, symbol, logotype.

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20

Munisa, Isaqova. "COMPARATIVE-TYPOLOGICAL STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL TERMS." Current Research Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-05-07.

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In world linguistics, the study of languages from the point of view of comparative typology has reached a higher level. This article describes the comparative study of international legal terminology, which is considered one of the important branches of jurisprudence. The peculiarities and differences of international legal terms in English-Tajik, Russian-English systems are analyzed.

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21

Klimczuk, Andrzej. "Comparative analysis of national and regional models of the silver economy in the European Union." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 10, no. 2 (August 15, 2016): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.15286.

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Анотація:

The approach to analysing population ageing and its impacts on the economy has evolved in recent years. There is increasing interest in the development and use of products and services related to gerontechnology as well as other social innovations that may be considered as central parts of the ‘‘silver economy.’’ However, the concept of silver economy is still being formed and requires detailed research. This article proposes a typology of models of the silver economy in the European Union (EU) at the national and regional levels. This typology was created by comparing the Active Ageing Index to the typology of varieties and cultures of capitalism and typology of the welfare states. Practical recommendations for institutions of the EU and directions for further research are discussed.

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22

Fuchs, Catherine, Nathalie Fournier, and Pierre Le Goffic. "Structures à subordonnée comparative en français." Les structures comparatives du français: Des bases de données aux corpus 31, no. 1 (June 6, 2008): 11–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.31.1.03fuc.

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Анотація:

This article deals with syntactic and semantic representation of comparative structures in French. We propose an analysis of quantitative comparatives (plus, moins, aussi … que) and qualitative comparatives (comme) which highlights their common properties as well as their specificities. The first section (§ 1) offers a syntactic typology of matrix clause structures and (comparative) subordinate clause structures. The following sections consider the various aspects of semantic representations, as related to syntactic structures : we successively deal with (§ 2.) the type of parameter, (§ 3.) the type of differential constituant in the subordinate clause, (§ 4.) the type of parallel constituant in the matrix clause (with restitution of ellipses and anaphora), (§ 5.) the type of compared terms, by contrasting quantitative comparisons and qualitative comparison, and (§ 6.) the type of comparison, accounting for prototypical structures as well as for pragmatic effects induced by certain configurations.

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23

van der Auwera, Johan. "From contrastive linguistics to linguistic typology." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2012): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.1.05auw.

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The paper looks back at Hawkins (1986), A comparative typology of English and German, and shows, on the basis of raising and human impersonal pronouns in English, Dutch and German, that contrastive linguistics can be viewed as a pilot study in typology. It also pleads for doing the contrastive linguistics of three languages rather than of two, not least because the third language can teach us something about the other two.

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24

Schapper, Antoinette, and Lourens de Vries. "Comparatives in Melanesia: Concentric circles of convergence." Linguistic Typology 22, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 437–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0015.

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Анотація:

Abstract Using a sample of 116 languages, this article investigates the typology of comparative constructions and their distribution in Melanesia, one of the world’s least-understood linguistic areas. We present a rigorous definition of a comparative construction as a “comparative concept”, thereby excluding many constructions which have been considered functionally comparatives in Melanesia. Conjoined comparatives are shown to dominate at the core of the area on the island of New Guinea, while (monoclausal) exceed comparatives are found in the maritime regions around New Guinea. Outside of Melanesia adpositional and other comparative constructions including particle comparatives are most frequent in Austronesian languages. The unity of the conjoined comparative type in the core Melanesian area illustrates that, while morpho-syntactic profiles of Melanesian languages are heterogenous, significant convergence in the “ways of saying things” can be found across the region. Additionally, we find no cases of clause chaining constructions being used for encoding comparatives, even in canonical clause chaining languages of central New Guinea. Our findings thus offer no support for Stassen’s claim of a correlation between temporal chaining type and comparative construction type. Instead we suggest that an areal preference for mini-clauses may explain the dominance of the conjoined comparative in Melanesia.

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25

Seung-Hoon Shin. "Constraint Conjunction, Comparative Markedness and Precedencein Typology of Lenition." Korean Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 4 (December 2007): 607–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18855/lisoko.2007.32.4.003.

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26

Hogan, Richard. "Carnival and Caucus: A Typology for Comparative Frontier History." Social Science History 11, no. 2 (1987): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1170895.

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27

Dotte, Anne-Laure, and Claire Moyse-Faurie. "Toward a Comparative Typology of 'Eating' in Kanak Languages." Oceanic Linguistics 60, no. 1 (2021): 199–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ol.2021.0006.

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28

Olson, Mark E. "Commentary: Typology, Homology, and Homoplasy in Comparative Wood Anatomy." IAWA Journal 26, no. 4 (2005): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000131.

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Анотація:

Comparative wood anatomy consists of two main efforts: wood identification and evolutionary studies. Evolutionary studies can be divided into two main areas: systematic wood anatomy and ecological wood anatomy. The goal of wood identification is the association of a name with a sample; that of systematic wood anatomy is the discovery of the nested hierarchy of synapomorphies that characterize the phylogeny of the woody plants; the main thrust of ecological wood anatomy has been to identify structure- function relationships that have evolved repeatedly across clades. Wood anatomical characters can be divided into three types: typological, homologous, and homoplasious. Wood identification can and should use all three types; systematic wood anatomy must focus on homologies; homologies may be of interest to ecological wood anatomy, but homoplasies have been its principal focus. The use of typological characters developed for wood identification can produce misleading results in studies of evolutionary wood anatomy and must be avoided. Robust phylogenies are important for discovering wood anatomical homologies and homoplasies; also important is the need to make explicit, testable hypotheses, and to identify the type of causation (ultimate or proximate) that is of interest for a given study.

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29

Hogan, Richard. "Carnival and Caucus: A Typology for Comparative Frontier History." Social Science History 11, no. 2 (1987): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015765.

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Анотація:

As Dykstra and Silag (1985) have noted, the analysis of American frontier towns continues to yield a plethora of local histories that might provide an empirical basis for generalization, if a theoretical basis for comparative analysis might be offered. The development of a rigorous methodology for historiographie and statistical analysis has facilitated the accumulation of empirical evidence, but the analysis of local history has not advanced far beyond the initial debate regarding the basis for democratic governance (Taylor, 1956). Instead, two research traditions have developed—one seeking to identify the socio-cultural basis for community solidarity, the other focusing on the partisan struggles that shape democratic governance.

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30

Конисов, Г., and Г. Уразниязова Уразниязова. "Comparing and levelling process in typology and translation." Актуальные вопросы лингвистики и преподавания иностранных языков: достижения и инновации 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2024): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/topical-tiltfl-vol1-iss1-2024-pp64-65.

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Анотація:

The article deals with the process of comparison and stages of levels in comparative typology and translation in modern linguistics. Some types of techniques in comparing two or more languages are suggested.

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31

Busheneva, Y. I. "Typology of regional economic development strategies." Economics and Management 30, no. 2 (March 6, 2024): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2024-2-170-181.

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Анотація:

Aim. To develop a typology of economic development strategies by groups of grounds and ways to improve strategic planning on the example of the regions of the North-West Federal District (NWFD).Objectives. To form groups of general grounds for the classification of regional strategies of economic development; to identify the types of strategies within each group of grounds; to carry out the typology of strategic plans of the NWFD regions; to develop recommendations for individual subjects of the NWFD on the improvement of strategic planning in the territory.Methods. The article uses the method of classification and comparative (comparative) method as a key technique.Results. The author presents a typology of economic development strategies of the NWFD regions on such groups of grounds as institutional, exogenous and endogenous. According to the institutional basis, the strategies of the regions are classified by a set of norms and rules for strategy formulators. Taking into account the exogenous basis, the typology is based on the correlation between the strategy and the external environment. On the endogenous basis the strategies are divided depending on their content.Conclusions. The above approach to the typology of regional strategies allows us to formulate recommendations for a number of subjects of the North-West Federal District on improving strategic planning in the territory (in particular, to develop sections on resource endowment in the strategy, to highlight the stages of strategies, to increase the number of key targets, etc.). The prospect of the study may be the development of additional bases for the classification of regional strategies, as well as the types of regional strategic plans.

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32

Kenney, Jim. "Wrestling with Human Diversity: A Comparative Typology Between Racism and Religion." Modern Believing 65, no. 4 (October 2024): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/mb.2024.23.

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Анотація:

The American Civil War was a conflict over the institution of slavery, dominant in the South and threatening to spread to the new territories of the expanding United States. Today, however, the so-called ‘Lost Cause’ movement offers an unapologetic white supremacist view of humankind, while insisting that the war had nothing to do with slavery. In response to persistent American racism, the scholar Ibram X. Kendi suggests a typology of attitudes toward human diversity, culminating in ‘anti-racism’. Juxtaposing Kendi’s model with Alan Race’s well-known typology of responses to religious diversity may clarify and strengthen each of the two.

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33

MALEVINSKY, S. O., and M. S. TKACHENKO. "TYPOLOGY OF MEANINGS OF FULL-MEANING WORDS." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 4, no. 80 (2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2021-80-4-110-116.

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Анотація:

The aim of the paper is to identify and describe the main structural types of the lexical meanings of the autonomous words. These types are distinguished according to the modes of their inner organization, but not in dependence upon the character of signified objects. It has been established that there exist as a minimum six semantic types of the autonomous words: descriptive, comparative, deictic, anaphoric, criterial-evaluative and relational.

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34

Teich, Elke. "System-oriented and text-oriented comparative linguistic research." Languages in Contrast 2, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.2.2.04tei.

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Анотація:

The main concern of this paper is to develop a model of cross-linguistic variation that is applicable to various kinds of comparative linguistic research. The motivation for this lies in the observation that there is little interaction among the major areas of comparative linguistic investigation — language typology, contrastive linguistics, translation studies, and the computational modeling of multilingual processes as implemented in machine translation or multilingual text generation. The divide between them can be characterized by a general orientation towards describing the relation between language systems (as in language typology) vs. describing the relation between texts (as in translation studies). It will be suggested that with a model of cross-linguistic comparison that accommodates both the system view and the text view on cross-linguistic variation, language typology, contrastive linguistics, translation studies and multilingual computational linguistics can be shown to have mutually compatible concerns rather than being entirely disjunct endeavors. The model proposed is based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), using the representational categories SFL sets up as parameters along which cross-linguistic variation can be described. The fundamental assumption brought forward by SFL that acts as a unifier of concerns is that texts are ultimately instantiations of the language system under certain specifiable contexts of use. A model of cross-linguistic variation based on SFL thus bears the promise of opening up the text view for the system-oriented branch of cross-linguistic study, and the system view for the text-oriented branch. I illustrate the model with data from several European languages, concentrating on the register of instructional text.

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35

Dixon, R. M. W. "Comparative constructions." Studies in Language 32, no. 4 (September 12, 2008): 787–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.32.4.02dix.

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Анотація:

A typology of comparative constructions is presented, with major attention to the prototypical scheme in which two participants are compared in terms of the degree of some gradable property associated with them (as in John is more handsome than Felix). In a mono-clausal comparative construction, the Parameter (which is modified by the Index of comparison) may be copula complement, head of an intransitive predicate, or a verb within a serial verb construction. There are also bi-clausal comparative constructions, and — for languages with no comparative construction per se — comparative strategies. A non-prototypical scheme involves the comparison of two properties in relation to one participant (as in John is more loyal than intelligent). There is also brief discussion of directions of origin, diffusion and spread, and non-linguistic correlations.

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36

Nalewajk, Żaneta. "Problems of Contexts and Research Methods in Comparative Studies." Tekstualia 4, no. 31 (April 1, 2012): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4649.

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Анотація:

The article discusses the methods and contexts of comparative literature, understood as a combination of a research framework, a comparative theory and a methodological refl ection. The article offers a typology of contexts and establishes the contextual analysis as a crucial method of comparative studies. A theoretical discussion follows of the adequacy and equivalence of contexts with respect to the problem of historicity.

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37

Nalewajk, Żaneta. "Problems of Contexts and Research Methods in Comparative Studies." Tekstualia 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6127.

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Анотація:

The article discusses the methods and contexts of comparative literature, understood as a combination of a research framework, a comparative theory and a methodological reﬂection. The article offers a typology of contexts and establishes the contextual analysis as a crucial method of comparative studies. A theoretical discussion follows of the adequacy and equivalence of contexts with respect to the problem of historicity.

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38

Pashaly, Yevhen. "Comparative Characteristics of Scientific Approaches to Determining and Typologising Financial Risks." Economics: time realities 3, no. 73 (June 25, 2024): 113–20. https://doi.org/10.15276/etr.03.2024.11.

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Анотація:

The article is devoted to a comparative characterisation of scientific approaches to the definition and typology of financial risks. The article considers approaches to formulation of the concept of "financial risk" and identifies their key features. Its author's definition is provided and their main characteristics are highlighted. Approaches to typology of financial risks of enterprise are researched. It has been determined that their classification depends on many features, depending on the field of activity, sources of their occurrence, etc., which ensure the selection of the most optimal ways to eliminate them and make management decisions to minimise the negative impact on the efficiency of the enterprise and ensure a high level of its security.

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39

Pazilova, T. J. "COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF AUXILIARY VERBS IN KYRGYZ AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES." Science. Education. Engineering, no. 3 (2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54834/16945220_2021_3_103.

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40

Tambovtsev, Yuri, and V. D. Arakin. "Sopostavitel'naja tipologija skandinavskix jazykov [The Comparative Typology of Scandinavian Languages]." Language 62, no. 2 (June 1986): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414694.

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41

Forman, Michael L. "Verb Serialization, Word Order Typology, and Zamboangueno: A Comparative Approach." Oceanic Linguistics 32, no. 1 (1993): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623101.

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42

Rundell, Richard J., and John A. Hawkins. "A Comparative Typology of English and German: Unifying the Contrasts." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 41, no. 1/2 (1987): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1347598.

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43

Tambovtsev, Yuri A. "Sopostaviteljnaja tipologija skandinavskih jazykov [The Comparative Typology of Scandinavian Languages]." Journal of Phonetics 13, no. 4 (October 1985): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30784-3.

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44

Henry, Ian, Mahfoud Amara, Mansour Al-Tauqi, and Ping Chao Lee. "A Typology of Approaches to Comparative Analysis of Sports Policy." Journal of Sport Management 19, no. 4 (October 2005): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.4.480.

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Анотація:

This article provides a four-fold typology of comparative sports policy studies: Type 1, Seeking Similarities, is a nomothetic approach seeking law-like generalization; Type 2 is Describing Difference, an ideographic approach seeking to capture the specificity of policy systems; Type 3, Theorizing the Transnational, goes beyond the nation-state as the unit of analysis to fuse global and local levels of explanation; and Type 4, Defining Discourse, seeks to analyze ways in which policy discourse defines the reality of the policy problems it seeks to address. The authors underline the ontological and epistemological assumptions of such approaches that are often only implicit, and they employ selected examples to illustrate the contribution to knowledge of the different approaches.

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45

Zhilina, I. A., and M. E. Pankratova. "ABOUT THE CREATION OF A NEW SEMANTIC TYPOLOGIES OF ENGLISH SPATIAL ADVERBS." Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches, no. 1(32) (December 31, 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/mlmdr.2021.32.1.002.

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Анотація:

Statement of the problem. The article describes the mechanism for creating a new typology of English spatial adverbs. Existing approaches to the classification of English adverbs have been thoroughly examined, their peculiarities have been analyzed. The study proves the fact that the traditional classifications and typologies of adverbs do not take into account the phenomenon of the polysemy of words. In this paper a new classification approach is proposed. This approach takes into account the polysemantics of linguistic units. The creation of such a typology becomes possible through the use of the comparative-parametric method of linguistic research. Results. It is established that apart from spatial meanings English spatial adverbs also develop temporary, quantitative and qualitative semes. The use of the comparative-parametric method and some formalized parameters, indices and scales allowed to identify the degree of space, time, quantity and quality semes representation in the semanthemes of the adverbs under investigation and on this basis to distinguish eighteen semantic types of English adverbs. Conclusion. The study showed the possibility of using the comparative-parametric method to develop such a semantic typology of adverbs that takes into account the polysemy of linguistic units. The effectiveness of the application of this method for studying the semantics of words, suggests the possibility of studying not only adverbs, but also other parts of speech. Moreover, the comparative-parametric method can be used for creation of other new semantic classifications.

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46

Andresky, S. "Typology of Revolutions from a Morphological Point of View." Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2218-5518.2022.4.227240.

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Анотація:

The Journal of Political Conceptology publishes a translation of the second chapter of Stanisław Andreski's book “Wars, Revolutions, Dictatorships: Studies of Historical and Contemporary Problems from a Comparative Viewpoint”, published in 1992 by Frank Cass.

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47

Hardcastle, Adam, and Jane Southcott. "A new typology of community music groups." International Journal of Community Music 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijcm_00051_1.

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Анотація:

In this article, we offer, through a new typology, a way to portray and understand the diversity of community music’s organizational foundations and purposes. Typologies are a common descriptive and interpretive device for understanding patterns of activity. Some researchers of community music have, explicitly or implicitly, developed a number of typologies of community music organizations. Our new typology is systematically aligned to capture the social and musical variability among community music organizations. It then puts the typology to work by providing brief examples, drawn from Australian research, of each of its proposed types. This new typology is intended to allow researchers and practitioners to understand how different community music ensembles are similar or dissimilar, and make comparative discussions clearer and more systematic, offering give a clear frame for understanding present and possible future community music-making groups and organizations.

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48

Barczak, Beata. "Typology of business network models: a proposal based on a systematic literature review." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2023, no. 170 (2023): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.170.2.

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Анотація:

Purpose: to develop a proprietary typology of a business network based on a systematic literature review. Design/methodology/approach: the typology method facilitates the analysis and understanding of the essence of business networks by identifying and characterizing their different types. The systematic literature review (SLR) methodology was used to develop the typology, enriched with the snowball method. Findings: analysis of the content of publications selected during the SLR procedure made it possible to indicate various criteria for the division and types of business networks from widely quoted literature. On this basis, a typology of business networks was proposed, divided into four main types: networks originating from industrial districts, strategic networks, cooperation networks, and global business networks. Practical implications: the possibility of using the proposed concept in assessing various business network models will enable the formulation of diagnostic findings and comparative and dynamic research. Originality/value: at the current stage of scientific reflection, the developed typology enriches the theory of organizational networks by systematizing and comprehensively addressing business network models, which may lead to identifying trends in their development. It is addressed to both researchers dealing with network issues and practitioners. Keywords: business networks, typology, systematic literature review (SRL), typology method. Category of the paper: literature review, viewpoint.

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49

Chen, Xi, Shuang Shuang Li, and Yi Wen Chen. "Typology of Online Consumers: Motivations and Clickstream Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.437.

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Анотація:

This study described a five-factor typology of online consumers motivations labeled as the functional shopper, the following shopper, the surfing shopper, conflicting shopper and e-laggard, and a five-factor typology of the clickstream data labeled as the functional browser, the hedonic browser, the impulsive browser, the comparative browser and the knowledge building browser by cluster analysis. A correspondence analysis for two typologies demonstrated an independent cluster frame with limited correspondence. Theoretical and marketing implications are discussed.

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50

Chukur, Yana, and Nataliia Sunko. "TYPOLOGY OF PRECEDENT NAMES IN NEWSPAPER HEADLINES." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.298-308.

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The article is devoted to the study and analysis of precedent names of three cultural spheres ("Bible", "Literature", "Mythology") in newspaper headlines. The subject of the study is a typology of precedent names in newspaper headlines. The object of it is newspaper headlines of modern English-language periodicals. The purpose of this work is to study the precedent names and analyze features of their functioning in the newspaper headlines. The study material includes Questia Online Library, where the newspaper headlines with precedent names extracted from The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy were investigated (350 precedent names that were used in 12189 newspaper headlines). In order to achieve the purpose of the work a comparative analysis of precedent names was conducted within three cultural spheres ("Bible", "Literature", "Mythology") and discourses in American and British periodicals (37 American and 27 British newspapers). A descriptive method, a comparative method and a method of quantitative calculations were used. Having substantiated the concept of precedent names and studying their features and functions, it was proved that they are known mainly to representatives of a certain linguocultural community, and some background knowledge is needed to understand them. In order to study precedent names, their quantitative distributions by cultural spheres, years and discourses were made. The study found that the group "Literature" is one of the most productive sources of precedent names. It was proved that in the headlines for 2015-2019 the most common precedent names are the names of the cultural sphere "Literature", and the least common - "Mythology". In addition, it was determined what precedent names are the most popular in English newspaper headlines and which ones are not often used.

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